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Objective: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are responsible for several maternal and fetal complications. This study investigated the occurrence of HDP, associated factors, and neonatal complications in women living in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Methods: This is a population‐based cross‐sectional study with 1521 mother–child pairs enrolled in the Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition in Acre birth cohort (MINA‐Brazil study). All parturients with HDP (registered in the medical records) were identified. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated in Poisson regression models with robust variance. Results: The prevalence of HDP was 11.0% (95% CI: 9.5–12.7). Factors associated with the prevalence of HDP were maternal age ≥ 35 years (PR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3–3.0), primigravida status (PR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5–2.7), pre‐pregnancy obesity (PR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.9–4.0), higher gestational weight gain (highest quartile RP: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.6–3.8), chronic hypertension (RP: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.7–4.9), and diabetes in pregnancy (RP: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1–3.2). HDP was associated with risk for caesarean delivery (PR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.6–2.0) and prematurity (PR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.3–3.2). Gestational malaria was not associated with HDP in Amazonian pregnant women. Conclusions: Evaluating risk factors before pregnancy and during the prenatal period is essential for reducing adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In socially vulnerable populations, evidence is needed regarding the role of maternal nutritional status on child weight during the first 2 years of life. Objectives: We aimed to assess the association of pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with offspring BMI‐for‐age z‐scores (BAZs) during the first 2 years of life. Methods: A population‐based birth cohort study was conducted with 900 mother–child pairs. Pre‐pregnancy weight and weight at delivery were collected from medical records, and anthropometric data were measured at birth and at 6‐month, 1‐year and 2‐year follow‐up visits. Linear regression and linear mixed‐effect models assessed associations with pre‐pregnancy BMI, GWG and BAZ during the first 2 years of life. Results: Pre‐pregnancy overweight and obesity and excessive GWG were positively associated with BAZ at birth and at 1‐ and 2‐year follow‐up visits. There were no significant additional BAZ changes per year based on the exposures up to age 2 years. Conclusions: Elevated maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and GWG were associated with a child's higher BAZ at birth, and these differences remained constant throughout the first 2 years of life in Amazonian children. These findings highlight the importance of promoting adequate maternal weight before pregnancy and during prenatal care also in socially vulnerable populations. Key points: Pre‐pregnancy overweight and obesity and excessive gestational weight gain were associated with child's higher BMI‐for‐age z at birth, and these differences remained constant throughout the first 2 years of life in Amazonian children.Strategies that promote adequate maternal weight before and during pregnancy are necessary in socially vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Excessive weight gain during childhood has been considered an early life risk factor for chronic disease in the long term. We examined the role of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and breastfeeding (BF) practices with the offspring's body mass index‐for‐age z‐score (zBMI) at 2 years. Methods: Data from 743 Amazonian young children of the MINA‐Brazil population‐based birth cohort study were used. Linear regression models were run to estimate the associations between excessive GWG and BF practices (exclusive breastfeeding, EBF <3 months of age and BF <1 year) with zBMI. Results: Excessive GWG and BF <1 year were associated with an adjusted 0.24 units (95% CI: 0.08, 0.41) and 0.28 units (95% CI: 0.12, 0.44) higher zBMI at age 2 years, respectively. Conclusions: Gain excessive weight during pregnancy and shorter BF duration (<1y) were associated with a higher body mass index at 2 years of age among Brazilian Amazonian children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early life feeding practices can directly affect the growth, development, and survival of a child. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first month of life among Amazonian infants. We used data of 1,523 mother-child pairs of the MINA-Brazil birth cohort study. Mothers were interviewed soon after delivery at baseline and by telephone at 30–45 days postpartum (n = 962, 63.2% of those eligible). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and accelerated failure-time (AFT) models were used to estimate the probability of EBF and the factors associated with EBF duration in the first month. At 30 days of age, 36.7% of the studied population (95% confidence interval [CI] 33.6–39.8) were exclusively breastfed, with a median duration of 16 days. Considering all eligible children for follow-up, the probability of EBF in the first month was 43.7% (95% CI 40.4–46.8), and the median duration was 30 days. The duration of EBF (time-ratio, TR) was 28% longer among multiparous mothers (TR 1.28; 95% CI 1.11–1.48). The use of a pacifier and the occurrence of wheezing were associated with a reduced EBF duration by 33% (TR 0.67; 95% CI 0.58–0.77) and 19% (TR 0.80; 95% CI 0.70–0.93), respectively. These results highlight that EBF among children in the Brazilian Amazon is considerably below international recommendations, and indicate the immediate need to plan and implement actions to promote and support breastfeeding early in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to examine agreement of pre-pregnancy weight, pregnancy weight, height and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure measurements recorded on antenatal record cards with the same information obtained in the MINA-Brazil longitudinal study. 428 pregnant women who participated in the MINA-Brazil study and had an antenatal card at time of childbirth were selected. Concordance analysis of the data used Lin's correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis. There was moderate agreement on self-reported pre-pregnancy weight (0.935) and height (0.913) information, and substantial agreement on the pregnant women's weight in the second (0.993) and third (0.988) trimesters of pregnancy. Little agreement was found on SBP and DBP measured in the second (SBP = 0.447; DBP = 0.409) and third (SBP = 0.436; DBP = 0.332) trimesters of pregnancy. Anthropometric measurements showed strong agreement. There was weak agreement between blood pressure measurements, which may relate both to the variability and the standardisation of these measurements, suggesting the need for continued training of antenatal teams in primary health care.

This article aims to assess the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) during the first year of life and associated factors. We analyzed data from the one-year follow-up of the MINA-Brazil birth cohort. Socioeconomic, demographic and obstetric data were collected in the baseline study and at one-year follow-up (n = 774). Dietary intake during the previous day was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire to determine UPF consumption. Multiple Poisson regression with robust variance was performed to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and confidence intervals (95%CI) for factors associated with the consumption of ≥ 3 UPFs. Prevalence of UPF consumption and consumption of ≥ 3 UPFs was 87.5% and 40.5%, respectively. Consumption of ≥ 3 UPFs was associated with lower maternal education (≤ 9 years of schooling [PR: 2.02 95%CI 1.42; 2.87] and between 10-12 years of schooling [PR: 1.55, 95%CI 1, 11; 2.14]), below-average wealth index (PR: 1.26, 95%CI 1.04; 1.53), and having a teenage mother (PR:1.19, 95%CI 1.00; 1.49). Lack of dietary diversity was inversely associated with the outcome (RP: 0,65, IC95% 0,51; 0,81). The consumption of ≥ 3 UPFs was associated with lower wealth index, education and maternal age. Dietary diversity was associated with higher levels of UPF consumption.