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3. High-Intensity Interval Training Beneficial Effects in Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice: Adipose Tissue, Liver Structure, and Pancreatic Islets

Author

Motta, Victor F, Aguila, Marcia B, and Mandarim-de-Lacerda, Carlos A

Subjects
Esteatosis hepática, Hepatic Steatosis, Stereology, HIIT, Entrenamiento con intervalos de alta intensidad, Estereología, Obesidad, Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Resistencia a la insulina
Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on adipose tissue, pancreatic islets and liver in mice fed high-fat diet. C57BL/6 male mice were fed one of two diets: standard chow (Lean group - LE) or a high-fat diet (Obese group OB). After the first 12-weeks, the animals were divided into non-trained (LE-NT and OB-NT), trained groups (LE-T and OB-T), and started the exercise protocol. The HIIT protocol in the trained animals (LE-T and OB-T) compared to their counterparts (LE-NT and OB-NT) led to a reduction in size of the pancreatic islets (LE-T vs. LE-NT -40 %, OB-T vs. OB-NT -22 %) and to an increase in insulin immunodensity in pancreatic islet (LE-T vs. LE-NT +35 %, OB-T vs. OB-NT +31 %). Apart from the above results, in adipose tissue, a decrease of the diameter of adipocytes (LE-T vs. LE-NT -23 %, OB-T vs. OB-NT -12 %), a reduction in adiposity index (LE-T vs. LE-NT -49 %, OB-T vs. OB-NT -24 %) and in the liver, a decrease in the context of hepatic steatosis (LE-T vs. LE-NT -57 %, OB-T vs. OB-NT -77 %). These metabolic changes characterize a benefits performance of the HIIT protocol in swimming. HIIT is able to mitigate the bad effects caused by high-fat diet, even with continued intake of this diet in an animal model. HIIT has the advantage of requiring only a few weekly sessions with short duration in each session. These benefits are important to motivate people who nowadays live with a lack of time condition for these activities. El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto del entrenamiento con intervalos de alta intensidad (EIAI) sobre el tejido adiposo, el hígado y los islotes pancreáticos en ratones alimentados con dieta alta en grasas. Ratones C57BL/6, machos fueron alimentados con una de dos dietas: dieta estándar (grupo magro - MA) o una dieta alta en grasas (grupo obeso - OB). Después de las primeras 12 semanas, los animales fueron divididos en dos grupos, no entrenados (MA-NE y OB-NE) y grupos entrenados (MA-E y OB-E), y comenzaron el protocolo de ejercicio. El protocolo de IEAI en los animales entrenados (MA-E y OB-E) en comparación con sus contrapartes (MA-NE y OB-NE) condujo a una reducción en el tamaño de los islotes pancreáticos (MA-E vs. MA-NE -40 %, OB-E vs. OB-NE -22 %) y al aumento de la inmunodensidad de insulina en los islotes pancreáticos (MA-E vs. MA-NE +35 %, OB-E vs. OB-NE +31 %). Además, en el tejido adiposo se detectó una disminución del diámetro de los adipocitos (MA-E vs. MA-NE -23 %, OB-E vs. OB-NE -12 %), una reducción en el índice de adiposidad (MA-E vs. MA-NE -49 %, OB-E vs. OB-NE -24 %) y en el hígado una disminución de la esteatosis (MA-E vs. MA-NE -57 %, OB-E vs. OB-NE -77 %). Estos cambios metabólicos caracterizan una actuación beneficiosa del protocolo de EIAI en la natación. El EIAI es capaz de mitigar los efectos negativos causados por la dieta alta en grasas, incluso con la ingesta continuada de esta dieta en el modelo animal. La EIAI tiene la ventaja de requir sólo unas pocas sesiones semanales con corta duración de cada sesión. Estos beneficios son importantes para motivar a la personas en las condiciones de falta de tiempo que tienen en la actualidad.

Published
2016

5. High-intensity interval training (swimming) significantly improves the adverse metabolism and comorbidities in diet-induced obese mice.

Author

Motta VF, Aguila MB, and Mandarim-DE-Lacerda CA

Subjects
Adiposity, Animals, Blood Glucose metabolism, Insulin blood, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Obesity metabolism, Comorbidity, High-Intensity Interval Training, Mice, Obese metabolism, Obesity etiology, Overnutrition, Swimming
Abstract

Background: Controlling obesity and other comorbidities in the population is a challenge in modern society. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) combines short periods of high-intensity exercise with long recovery periods or a low-intensity exercise. The aim was to assess the impact of HIIT in the context of diet-induced obesity in the animal model., Methods: C57BL/6 mice were fed one of the two diets: standard chow (lean group [LE]) or a high-fat diet (obese group [OB]). After twelve weeks, the animals were divided into non-trained groups (LE-NT and OB-NT) and trained groups (LE-T and OB-T), and began an exercise protocol. For biochemical analysis of inflammatory and lipid profile, we used a colorimetric enzymatic method and an automatic spectrophotometer. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis of the experimental groups with Holm-Sidak post-hoc Test. Two-way ANOVA analyzed the interactions between diet and HIIT protocol., Results: HIIT leads to significant reductions in body mass, blood glucose, glucose tolerance and hepatic lipid profile in T-groups compared to NT-groups. HIIT was able to reduce plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, HIIT improves the insulin immunodensity in the islets, reduces the adiposity and the hepatic steatosis in the T-groups. HIIT improves beta-oxidation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha and reduces lipogenesis and PPAR-gamma levels in the liver. In skeletal muscle, HIIT improves PPAR-alpha and glucose transporter-4 and reduces PPAR-gamma levels., Conclusions: HIIT leads to attenuate the adverse effects caused by a chronic ingestion of a high-fat diet.

Published
2016

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