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The rabbit kidney possesses mRNA for the H-K-ATPase [[Alpha].sub.1]subunit (HK[[Alpha].sub.1]) and two splice variants of the H-K-ATPase [[Alpha].sub.2]-subunit (HK[[Alpha].sub.2]). The purpose of this study was to determine the specific distribution of one of these, the H-K-ATPase [[Alpha].sub.2c]-subunit isoform (HK[[Alpha].sub.2c]), in rabbit kidney by immunohistochemistry. Chicken polyclonal antibodies against a peptide based on the [NH.sub.2] terminus of HK[[Alpha].sub.2c] were used to detect HK[[Alpha].sub.2c] immunoreactivity in tissue sections. Immunohistochemical localization of HK[[Alpha].sub.2c] revealed intense apical immunoreactivity in a subpopulation of cells in the connecting segment, cortical collecting duct, and outer medullary collecting duct in both the outer and inner stripe. An additional population of cells exhibited a thin apical band of immunolabel. Immunohistochemical colocalization of HK[[Alpha].sub.2c] with carbonic anhydrase II, the [MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] exchanger AE1, and HK[[Alpha].sub.1] indicated that both type A and type B intercalated cells possessed intense apical HK[[Alpha].sub.2c] immunoreactivity, whereas principal cells and connecting segment cells had only a thin apical band of HK[[Alpha].sub.2c]. Labeled cells were evident through the middle third of the inner medullary collecting duct in the majority of animals. Immunolabel was also present in papillary surface epithelial cells, cells in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (cTAL), and the macula densa. Thus in the rabbit kidney, apical HK[[alpha].sub.2c] is present and may contribute to acid secretion or potassium uptake throughout the connecting segment and collecting duct in both type A and type B intercalated cells, principal cells, and connecting segment cells, as well as in cells in papillary surface epithelium, cTAL, and macula densa. hypokalemia; anatomy; renal function

Provides information on a study that examined the specific distribution of the hydrogen-potassium-adenosine triphosphatase alpha...-subunit isoform in rabbit kidney by immunohistochemistry. Methodology of the study; Results and discussion on the study.

In 2011, President Obama addressed the United Nations General Assembly and urged the global community to come together to prevent, detect, and fight every kind of biological danger, whether a pandemic, terrorist threat, or treatable disease. Over the past decade, the United States and key international partners have addressed these dangers through a variety of programs and strategies aimed at developing and enhancing countries' capacity to rapidly detect, assess, report, and respond to acute biological threats. Despite our collective efforts, however, an increasingly interconnected world presents heightened opportunities for human, animal, and zoonotic diseases to emerge and spread globally. Further, the technical capabilities required to develop biological agents into a weapon are relatively low. The launch of the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) provides an opportunity for the international community to enhance the linkages between the health and security sectors, accelerating global efforts to prevent avoidable epidemics and bioterrorism, detect threats early, and respond rapidly and effectively to biological threats. The US Department of Defense (DoD) plays a key role in achieving GHSA objectives through its force health protection, threat reduction, and biodefense efforts at home and abroad. This article focuses on GHSA activities conducted in the DoD Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Defense.