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Dianthus chinensis is a widely used landscaping plant with high commercial value. Understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for floral organ formation can help to improve the traits (e.g.,, petal size, floral organ shape, etc.) of D. chinensis. However, there has no comprehensive study of ABCE MADS-box genes in D. chinensis. In this study, we identified 15 ABCE MADS-box genes of D. chinensis. The expression and interactions patterns among ABCE MADS-box genes were analysis by in situ, qRT-PCT, Yeast two‐hybrid and bimolecular fluorescent complimentary experiments. In different stages of petal development, the expression of DcNAC56 changes with DcPI2. The overexpression of DcPI2 in D. chinensis resulted in high expression levels of DcNAC56. 35S: DcPI2 transgenic plants had a larger petal size with petals expansion. Furthermore, we observed that the DcPI2 protein can bind to the DcNAC56 promoter in D. chinensis. On the basis of these results, we propose that spatiotemporal expression of class ABCE genes and different combinations between class ABCE proteins might regulate floral organ specification. And DcPI2 can regulate the expansion of petals by binding to DcNAC56 involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. These results provide new insights into the improving cultivars of Dianthus by change floral traits.

International audience; Rose (Rosa chinensis) is one of the most famous ornamental plants worldwide, with a variety of colors and fragrances. Terpene synthases (TPSs) play critical roles in the biosynthesis of terpenes. In this work, we report a comprehensive study on the genome-wide identification and characterization of the TPS family in R. chinensis. We identified 49 TPS genes in the R. chinensis genome, and they were grouped into five subfamilies (TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-g and TPS-e/f). Phylogenetics, gene structure and conserved motif analyses indicated that the RcTPS genes possessed relatively conserved gene structures and the RcTPS proteins contained relatively conserved motifs. Multiple putative cis-acting elements involved in the stress response were identified in the promoter region of RcTPS genes, suggesting that some could be regulated by stress. The expression profile of RcTPS genes showed that they were predominantly expressed in the petals of open flowers, pistils, leaves and roots. Under osmotic and heat stresses, the expression of most RcTPS genes was upregulated. These data provide a useful foundation for deciphering the functional roles of RcTPS genes during plant growth as well as addressing the link between terpene biosynthesis and abiotic stress responses in roses.

Rose (