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Avaliou-se os fatores que explicariam diferentes padrões de consumo alimentar da população urbana brasileira, com base na Pesquisa sobre Padrões de Vida, realizada no Nordeste e no Sudeste em 1996-1997. Foram incluídos os dados de consumo familiar (últimos 14 dias a partir de uma listagem com 28 alimentos) de 5.121 adultos na faixa etária de 20 a 50 anos, após exclusão das gestantes, das lactantes e das pessoas que referiram problema de saúde crônico. Os padrões de consumo alimentar foram definidos pela análise de componentes principais, onde o valor de carga de uma determinada variável (alimento) é proporcional à sua contribuição para o fator (padrão de consumo) em questão, com a carga negativa indicando que a variável está inversamente associada com o fator, enquanto a positiva indica uma associação direta. A Região Nordeste comparada à Região Sudeste associou-se negativamente a um padrão misto, quando todos os alimentos foram igualmente importantes. O índice de massa corporal associou-se positivamente ao padrão misto, e praticar atividade física e ser negro associou-se negativamente a este padrão. Escolaridade e renda foram as variáveis que mais explicaram o consumo alimentar, mas mesmo ajustando por elas, a região de residência foi o terceiro maior componente explicativo.

Objectives This study examined the effect of Vitis vinifera grape skin extract (ACH09) on hyperglycaemia and the insulin-signalling cascade in alloxan-treated mice. Methods Glycaemia, serum insulin and Western blot analysis of insulin cascade proteins were evaluated in the gastrocnemius muscles of four groups of adult mice: control, ACH09 (200 mg/kg per day, p.o.), alloxan (300 mg/kg, i.p.) and alloxan + ACH09. Insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets was also studied. Key findings Glycaemia values in the alloxan + ACH09 and ACH09 groups were significantly lower than in the alloxan-treated and control groups, respectively. Increased insulin resistance (HOMA index) was observed in the alloxan-treated group but not in the alloxan + ACH09 group. Insulin receptor content and Akt phosphorylation were significantly greater in the alloxan + ACH09 group compared with the alloxan-treated group. The glucose transporter (GLUT-4) content was reduced in alloxan-treated mice compared with the control group, while alloxan + ACH09 and ACH09-treated mice showed a significant increase in GLUT-4 content. ACH09 treatment did not change glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets. Conclusions The results suggest that ACH09 has hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effects that are independent of an increase in insulin release but are probably dependent on an increase in insulin sensitivity resulting from an activation of the insulin-signalling cascade in skeletal muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the protective effect of a Vitis vinifera L. grape skin extract (ACH09) on blood pressure, lipid profile, and oxidative status in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels, as well as oxidative damage and antioxidant activity in the plasma and kidney, were evaluated in four experimental groups: control Wistar rats (W-C) and SHR-C that received water, and Wistar rats and SHR treated with ACH09 (200 mg/kg/d) in drinking water for 12 weeks (W-ACH09 and SHR-ACH09, respectively). SBP increased in the SHR group compared with the W groups and the treatment with ACH09 prevented the development of hypertension. Plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels increased in SHR compared with W-C rats; these changes prevented by treatment with ACH09. Glucose levels did not differ between the groups. The SHR group had increased oxidative damage in plasma, as expressed by 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, and this prevented by ACH09. Levels of TBARS in the kidneys were lower in the SHR-ACH09 group than in the SHR-C group. Further, ACH09 increased the superoxide dismutase activity in both the plasma and kidneys of both SHR and Wistar rats. These results suggest that ACH09 is protective against disruption of blood pressures, oxidant status, and lipid profile in SHR, and provide important evidence on the benefits of ACH09 on hypertension and associated cardiovascular complications., Competing Interests: AUTHOR DISCLOSURE STATEMENT Roberto Soares de Moura is the inventor of a patent (PCT/BR02/00038) that supported the development of a new patent application (PI0605693 A2-8). The other authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 by The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. All rights Reserved.)