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Rohullah Roien,1 Sayed Hamid Mousavi,1 Akihiko Ozaki,2,3 Sayed Abulqasem Baqeri,1 Sayed Mohammad Reza Hosseini,1 Shoaib Ahmad,4 Sunil Shrestha5,6 1Medical Research Centre, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan; 2Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; 3Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; 4Department of Pediatrics, District Head Quarters Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 5Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Service Research, Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Lalitpur, Province Bagmati, Nepal; 6Nobel College Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Province Bagmati, NepalCorrespondence: Rohullah Roien; Sayed Hamid Mousavi Email Rohullahroien@kateb.edu.af; Dr.mousavi@kateb.edu.afBackground: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health issue around the world. Health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of HBV infection because they have direct contact with HBV infected blood and body fluids in their work.Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of HCWs towards hepatitis B infection in Kabul, Afghanistan.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 502 HCWs, between November 2018 and January 2019 by a simple random sampling method. The data was collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire. Using this questionnaire, demographic characteristics and KAP of HCWs was assessed. In addition, descriptive and inferential analyses was conducted on the collected data using SPSS 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).Results: The overall KAP scores of HCWs were found to be 86.58%, 34.73%, and 61.22%, respectively. Most of the participants correctly recognized the HBV infection. Among the participants, only 77.45% had undergone screening for HBV, and 56.37% had received HBV vaccine (p < 0.0001). Moreover, only 6.77% had completed the three doses of vaccination for HBV. Among the HCWs, the group with higher education level had better knowledge than the group with lower education level. However, the attitude of most of the participants towards HBV prevention was found to be inadequate (53.98%).Conclusion: This study shows that HCWs in Kabul, Afghanistan are at high risk of HBV infection due to low vaccination coverage and inadequate infection control. Therefore, we strongly encourage providing an accessible and compulsory vaccination program for all HCWs to improve their attitude and awareness towards HBV infection and to achieve effective infection control.Keywords: hepatitis, hepatitis B virus, Kabul, health care worker

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is a deadly sinister cancer and the fourth leading reason for death worldwide. DNMT1 is essential for the conservation of the methylation landscape due to its ability to recognize hemimethylated DNA and conserve methylation during somatic cellular division.Ecad play a role in cellular connectivity through extracellular domains, Loss of Ecad Protein, lead to loss of Intercellular Connections, Provides Cell Metastasis. The pharmacological effects of curcumin include inducing apoptosis, anti-cell proliferation, antioxidant and anti-angiogenesis are proved and this compound has the potential to be used in cancer prevention. Objectives: The current study was performed in order to explore in vitro antitumor activity of curcumin in human pancreatic carcinoma cell line MIAPaCa2.DNMT1 and CDH1 genes expression were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Finally, the effects of curcumin on viability and DNMT1 gene and CDH1 gene expression status were evaluated. Method: MiaPaca-2cell line was cultured in monolayers. The cells were treated with curcumin using different concentrations of 2,5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μM for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Viability was checked by MTT assay and DNMT1 and CDH genes expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. Results: Our results indicate that the level of DNMT1 mRNA expression was decreased after treatment. Expression level of CDH1 mRNA were increased. Data obtained from MTT revealed antiproliferative effects of curcumin for 20,40,80 μM concentrations. Conclusions: We conclude that cell viability and level of DNMT1 mRNA was decreased after curcumin treatment, and level of CDH1 mRNA was increased. So, These observations suggest that curcumin, a molecule with varied actions, as a supplementary could be developed into an effective chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in traditional and device-made ice cream in Qazvin. Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, 100 samples of traditional and device-made ice cream in Qazvin were randomly collected over a period of one year and in different seasons. The culture method was then confirmed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique. Results: The inflammation rate of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was 5% in most seasons in the traditional and device-made ice cream and the most inflammation was in summer, and 80% (4 cases) of the isolated bacteria were methicillin resistant. Conclusion: The use of pasteurized ice cream and observance of health principles in producing traditional and device-made ice cream will reduce the risk of contamination and food poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the challenging problems in machine vision and computer graphic is realistic face modeling and animation. Using markers on the face key points and tracking the movements of the markers is a low cost method to determine these parameters. Since MPEG4 standard has defined parameters for face modeling and animation, we place markers on the key points defined in MPEG-4 standard, and propose a system for accurate tracking of them. We examine the system in real movie capturing conditions. Various distortions such as change of lightening, Gaussian noise, blurring, compression, and temporal filtering are examined, and the system degradation in each case is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although hepatotropic viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are well-identified viral agents for the development of hepatitis, infection with some other viruses may lead to varying degrees of liver injury. Moreover, the hepatic pathogenicity of a few viral agents still remains to be determined. In recent years, viral agents such as TTV and SEN virus with possible hepatic pathogenicity have been introduced. SEN virus has been reported with different rates of prevalence in high-risk groups such as dialysis patients, and low-risk groups such as blood donors. Identification of the SEN virus as a possible etiological agent of parenteral transmission hepatitis led to a major concern about the possibility of its role in liver diseases in hemodialysis patients as well as in renal transplant recipients. This manuscript provides an updated integrative review on SEN virus from virological aspect as well as epidemiologic and diagnostic medicine. Moreover, its role in liver diseases considering the co-infection with other hepatotropic viruses has also been reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Lichen Planus is a relatively common mucocutaneous disease which usually affects the oral mucosa. Patients with Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) suffer from symptoms that affect different aspects of their daily life. Although the exact etiology of OLP is unclear, the role of psychological disorders especially stress, anxiety and depression is debated. The aim of this study was to analyze mental health and oral health related quality of life in patients with OLP. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 35 patients with OLP along with 50 healthy people matched by age, sex and oral health level were involved. Both groups completed the GHQ-28 and OHIP-14 questionnaires. Oral examination was also performed. At the end, data were analyzed by SPSS v.18 software and Descriptive statistics, Chi Square Test, T-test and Mann-U- Whitney Test. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the functional limitation and physical disability aspects of OHIP-14 in patients with OLP in comparison with the normal group ( P =0/02(P= 0/03) respectively. Besides, there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to psychological disorders. ( P = 0/41) Conclusions: The quality of life in patients with OLP is reduced in some aspects. Moreover, our findings do not support a relation between OLP and psychological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low back pain (LBP) development has been associated with increased hip muscle co-activation and lumbar lordosis during standing in previously asymptomatic individuals. It is commonly advised to use footrests to relieve LBP. The impact of adjusting arm position on lumbar biomechanics can also be impressive. This study aimed to compare the effects of normalized footrest height and changing arm position on Gluteus medius (GMed) muscle activity, lumbar lordosis, and pain intensity. Twenty-four female pain developers (PDs) were recruited, identified by a > 10 mm increase on the visual analog scale (VAS) during prolonged standing. Electromyography (EMG) recorded GMed activity, and photogrammetry measured lumbar lordosis at time points over one hour-standing. The first group (A) used the footrest intermittently, while the second group (B) additionally changed their arm positions. These variables were analyzed using repeated measures (between/within) ANOVA. No significant interaction was observed between the groups in right and left GMed co-contraction index (CCI) (p =  0.14). However, both groups exhibited a significant decrease in CCI during prolonged standing (time *  condition: p =  0.003). Additionally, Group B consistently demonstrated lower overall levels of co-contraction across time (p =  0.01). An approximate 6-degree reduction in lumbar lordosis was observed after prolonged standing with both interventions (group A and group B; p =  0.008 and p =  0.01, respectively), although no significant differences in lumbar lordosis were detected between the groups. Lumbar discomfort increased over time; however, the interventions significantly alleviated this discomfort after the intervention time point. Notably, group B reported lower pain intensity compared to group A (p =  0.007). Applying these interventions in the workplace could be beneficial to reduce discomfort for individuals who stand for long periods of time. Further research is needed to optimize these strategies and assess long-term benefits., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2025 Abbasi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Spinal deformities characterized by malalignment of the spinal column, including scoliosis, hyper kyphosis, and lordosis, can significantly impact lower limb kinematics, potentially leading to altered gait patterns. We aimed to synthesize existing literature investigating the effect of spinal deformities on lower limb kinematics during walking. We searched Four databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase from their inception through 29th December 2024. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied to assess quality of included studies and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE system) was employed to assess the overall quality of the evidence in the meta-analysis. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with random effects model in RevMan version 5.4. The review included 35 studies with 1941 participants. Regarding scoliosis, strong evidence suggested a significant increase in right leg stance% and non-significant changes in left leg cadence, right and left leg speed and ankle transverse ROM in individuals with scoliosis compared to controls. Sensitivity analysis showed strong evidence of decrease in right leg stride length and ankle sagittal ROM, decrease in left leg single support and non-significant change in left leg step length. Individuals with sagittal malalignment showed strong evidence of significant reduction in velocity; moderate evidence suggested a significant increase in double support and a decrease in stride length, knee and hip sagittal ROM. Sensitivity analysis revealed strong evidence of a significant decrease in cadence during walking in individuals with sagittal trunk malalignment compared to controls. Participants with adult spinal deformity exhibited strong evidence of increased double support and decreased cadence during walking compared to controls. Spinal deformities significantly alter lower limb kinematics during gait. Our findings highlight the essential need for clinicians to take gait alterations into account when developing targeted interventions for individuals with spinal deformity., Competing Interests: Declarations. Declaration of competing interest: The author(s) declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

This study aimed to assess the risk factors and clinical-epidemiological patterns of acute poisoning among elderly individuals to guide prevention strategies. The epidemiological, clinical data, manner and cause of poisoning, and outcome of the registered elder cases (≥ 60 years old) in the clinical toxicology department of Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Silences (CTD-IRH-MUMS) were investigated for nine months. The sex and age distribution of the patients were compared with the general population of Khorasan-Razavi using direct standardization. Among the 3064 cases registered at the hospital, 124 elderly patients were included in the study. The majority (71.8%) were male, with a mean age of 69.47. Male gender was found to be a significant risk factor for poisoning among elderly individuals compared to the general population (OR = 2.62) (1.55-4.42) (p-value < 0.001), however, it was not significant for age. Substance dependency, particularly on opiates, was common among the patients (56.5%), with a higher prevalence in males. Substance overdose (35.4%) and suicide (23.3%) were the most common methods of poisoning, with varying frequencies between genders (p-value = 0.002). Male gender was identified as a risk factor for opiate intoxication (OR = 4.68, CI = 1.70-11.83, p-value < 0.05) but not for suicide attempts. The average hospital stay duration was similar between male and female patients. The mean length of hospital stay was 3.53 ± 4.02 days (median = 3.0, range = 0.5-26 days) and was similar in both sexes. In conclusion, male gender and opiate dependency were highlighted as key factors in the poisoning of elderly individuals. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing these factors in preventive measures., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate: This statement confirms that the study was conducted using data from the medical toxicology registry of Mashhad University of Medical Science (MTR-MUMS) program. The data was obtained in full confidentiality and privacy, and all patients or their legal guardians registered in the program had signed an informed consent form allowing their data to be used for research purposes. The MTR-MUMS program has been approved by the ethical committee of MUMS, with the approval code IR.MUMS.REC.1394.726. This approval from the ethical committee also serves as an approval for publishing research results conducted using this data set. We confirmed that all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Consent for Publication: Not applicable. Conflict of interest: None to be declared., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Nayband Marine National Park in the northern Persian Gulf is an important ecological areas, significantly impacted by industrial activites that poses risk of trace metal pollution to living organisms. In this study, we investigated the bioaccumulation of trace metals in scleractinian corals using annual growth bands and biota-sediment accumulation factor to assess their potential as biomonitoring organisms. Furthermore, to assess the sediment quality, sediment pollution indices and international guidelines was employed. To achieve this, three Faviidae coral and sixteen sediment samples were collected in March 2023 from three sites: an industrial zone (site I), a rural fishing zone (site II), and a marine protected area (site III). In first step, coral samples washed, sun-dried, sliced into 1-cm slabs, X-rayed to reveal annual growth bands, and powder was prepared from each growth band. Then freeze-dried sediments and coral powder were ground, sieved (63 μm), digested (using United States Environmental Protection Agency - Method 3050b) and filtered (Whatman No. 42). Finally, trace metals were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry instrument. The results show severe anthropogenic pollution at sites I and II compared to site III and significant differences between their sampling stations. Mg and Sr concentrations were highest in sediments and corals, respectively, while, Co is lowest in both. According to the sediment pollution indices, Site I showed the highest potential toxicity to biota, followed by Site II and then Site III. The results also suggest that the Faviidae corals are effective bio-indicators for Pb, Li, Cu, and Ni contamination., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Recent advancements in personalized treatments, such as anthracycline chemotherapy, coupled with timely diagnoses, have contributed to a decrease in cancer-specific mortality rates and an improvement in cancer prognosis. Anthracyclines, a potent class of antibiotics, are extensively used as anticancer medications to treat a broad spectrum of tumors. Despite these advancements, a considerable number of cancer survivors face increased risks of treatment complications, particularly the cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs like anthracyclines. These effects can range from subclinical manifestations to severe consequences such as irreversible heart failure and death, highlighting the need for effective management of chemotherapy side effects for improved cancer care outcomes. Given the lack of specific treatments, early detection of subclinical cardiac events post-anthracycline therapy and the implementation of preventive strategies are vital. An interdisciplinary approach involving cardiovascular teams is crucial for the prevention and efficient management of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Various factors, such as age, gender, duration of treatment, and comorbidities, should be considered significant risk factors for developing chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity. Tools such as electrocardiography, echocardiography, nuclear imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, histopathologic evaluations, and serum biomarkers should be appropriately used for the early detection of anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, understanding the underlying biological mechanisms is key to developing preventive measures and personalized treatment strategies to mitigate anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Exploring specific cardiotoxic mechanisms and identifying genetic variations can offer fresh perspectives on innovative, personalized treatments. This chapter aims to discuss cardiomyopathy following anthracycline therapy, with a focus on molecular mechanisms, preventive strategies, and emerging treatments., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Background and Objective: Retrograde urethrography (RUG) combined with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is the most common and preferred imaging modality for evaluating urethral strictures, despite its well-known limitations and disadvantages. In this study, we assessed the clinical relevance of RUG + VCUG, along with intraoperative assessment in measuring male urethral strictures., Method: This study was a single-center retrospective study involving 134 male patients diagnosed with urethral stricture disease. All participants underwent RUG + VCUG before the intervention, and the results were interpreted by a single radiologist. The location and length of urethral strictures were assessed. The accuracy of urethral stricture measurements obtained from combined VCUG and RUG imaging was compared to intraoperative measurements, which served as the reference standard. Urethral strictures were classified into three types: membranous and bulbomembranous, bulbar, and penile., Results: A total of 130 patients were included (38.14 ± 12.05 years) in the study. For patients with membranous and bulbar strictures, there were statistically significant differences in stricture length measurements between VCUG + RUG and surgical evaluation ( p  < 0.05). However, for patients with penile strictures, the differences in stricture length measurements between VCUG + RUG and surgical evaluation were not statistically significant ( p  = 0.448)., Conclusion: This study suggests that RUG + VCUG may underestimate urethral stricture, particularly in the membranous and bulbar regions., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: It has been shown that cavitary lesions on CT scans of patients with COVID-19 may be related to their clinical symptoms and mortality rate., Materials and Methods: The study population included patients diagnosed with COVID-19 based on RT-PCR results from throat samples or typical clinical and chest CT scan findings who were hospitalized at Sina Hospital in Tehran in 2020 and underwent chest CT scans. Chest CT scans were examined for the severity of pulmonary opacities and the presence, number, size, wall thickness, and distribution of cavitary lung lesions., Results: Oxygen saturation was lower in patients with cavitary lesions in the initial state and after treatment than those without cavitation, and a statistically significant relationship was observed (p < 0.05). In terms of gender, a significant correlation was observed, and the prevalence of cavitary lesions was higher in men (p < 0.05). Also, the in-hospital mortality rate was higher in patients with cavitary lesions (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Based on our results, the presence of cavitary lung lesions in COVID-19 patients is related to the mortality rate, severity of pulmonary involvement, and patients' gender., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2024 Greater Baltimore Medical Center.)

Background: Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is recognized for its pro-inflammatory properties and plays a central role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1946518 (-607C>A) and rs187238 (-137G >C ), that are found in the IL-18 promoter region can potentially impact the expression of the IL-18 gene. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between these two polymorphisms and RA in the Iranian population., Materials and Methods: In this study, we conducted a case-control analysis with a total of 275 subjects consisting of 135 patients with RA and 140 controls. The high-resolution melting (HRM) method, performed through real-time polymerase chain reaction, was utilized for genotyping these polymorphisms., Results: Regarding the rs1946518 polymorphism, the frequency of AA and CA genotypes and allele A was significantly greater in the control group compared to the RA group (AA vs CC; OR: 0.42; 95%CI [0.198-0.872], CA vs CC; OR: 0.57; 95%CI [0.324-1.001], A vs C; OR: 0.58; 95%CI [0.401-0.836] ( P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of genotypes and allele frequencies between the control and patient groups in terms of the rs187238 polymorphism ( P > 0.05). The level of both the C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was notably elevated in the patient group with CC genotype in rs1946518 ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: In the rs1946518 polymorphism, the AA and AC genotypes and the A allele demonstrated protective effects in RA. Besides, the CC genotype was associated with some laboratory characteristics in the RA group., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Advanced Biomedical Research.)

Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent and costly condition globally, prompting the need to identify risk factors for effective management. Lower extremity misalignment plays a crucial role in the incidence of LBP. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the current evidence on a link between lower limb alignment and LBP, enhancing the understanding of this relationship. We searched four databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, up to September 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies related to LBP and lower limb alignment, with eligible study types including case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies, all written in English. Two authors independently screened and assessed the methodological quality of the retrieved papers using the Downs and Black quality assessment checklist. Data of interest including study design, age, sample size, cases, association, and P-value were extracted from the included studies. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with random effects model in RevMan version 5.4. Thirteen articles evaluating lower limb alignment in individuals with LBP were included (102,359 participants in total). The meta-analysis results demonstrated that increased pronation with strong evidence(p = 0.02), increased hip internal rotation with moderate evidence, and increased knee internal rotation with limited evidence are associated with an increased risk of LBP. Overall, while some studies supported a relationship between lower limb alignment and LBP, the heterogeneity of study designs and methodological limitations hindered drawing a definitive conclusion. Future research should emphasize prospective cohort studies, incorporating objective measures of lower extremity alignment and standardized outcome measures., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Abbasi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Apoptosis may disrupt differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which can affect aging. Thus, the main goal of this study was to compare the effect of plasma exosomes from young and old people on the expression of Bcl-2-associated X ( BAX) and B-cell lymphoma 2 ( BCL-2 ) genes in the HSCs. Plasma samples were acquired from four elderly adults and four younger adults, referring to Blood Transfusion Organization of Tehran-Iran during August 2022- September 2022.Then, the exosomes of the samples were extracted and analyzed using DLS, TEM, and CD63 surface marker. HSCs were isolated from umbilical cord blood cells. The MTT test was used to assess the viability of exosomes-treated HSCs at doses of 5 and 10 μg/ml. The expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes in the cells was examined using real-time PCR. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to examine the distinctions among five groups. The viability of HSCs was not affected by the exosomes from young and old people than the control group (P = 0.453). Exosomes from young people (doses 5 and 10 µg/ml) did not have any significant impacts on BAX (P = 0.746, and P = 0.345, respectively) and BCL-2 (P = 0.773, and P = 0.461, respectively) expression in the HSCs compared to the control group. The BAX gene was significantly upregulated and the BCL-2 gene was significantly downregulated after utilizing the exosomes derived from the plasma of elderly individuals (dose 10 µg/ml) compared to the control (P = 0.001, P = 0.002, respectively). The current research shows that aged people's exosomes can increase BAX/ BCL-2 ratio in umbilical cord blood-derived HSCs compared to control and young groups., Competing Interests: Competing InterestsThe authors declare no conflict of interests., (© Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Background: Exosomes are a group of extracellular vesicles that are influential in intercellular signaling and can affect aging. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is the principal mediator in response to hypoxia and can regulate aging. Moreover, P21 is a part of the downstream signaling pathway of hypoxia and is elevated during aging. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the effect of plasma exosomes of younger and older individuals on the expression of HIF-1α gene and P21 protein in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)., Methods: Plasma exosomes were derived from older and younger men and were characterized. Then, HSCs were isolated from cord blood samples and treated with exosomes of older and younger men. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. Next, the expression of HIF-1α gene and P21 protein were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively., Results: HIF-1α gene expression was considerably increased in HSCs treated with 10 µg/mL of exosomes isolated from younger men (Y10-Exo) compared to the untreated group (P = 0.002). Moreover, HIF-1α gene expression was remarkably decreased in HSCs treated with 10 µg/mL of exosomes obtained from older men (O10-Exo) in comparison with the untreated group (P < 0.001). Additionally, the expression of P21 protein was significantly increased in HSCs treated with 5 µg/mL of exosomes derived from older individuals (O5-Exo) and O10-Exo compared to the untreated group (P = 0.000 and P = 0.002, respectively)., Conclusions: Our findings showed that exosomes isolated from younger participants cause elevation in HIF-1α and may lead to delayed aging in HSCs. In addition, exosomes isolated from older participants can probably lead to aging through the reduction in HIF-1α and elevation in P21., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright 2024, Rasti et al.)

Background: Up-regulation of the microRNA-625 and abnormal expression of the Sox2 gene have been studied and seen in several tumors. Few reports have also shown the aberrant expression of miR-625 and Sox2 expression in various cancers. Several studies have also confirmed that phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase /protein kinase B pathways regulate hematological malignancies, including Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of mir-625 up-regulation on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle by targeting the Sox2 gene via the downstream Akt signaling pathway and cell cycle regulators, such as p21, p27, and cyclin E in the KG-1 cell line. Materials and Methods: Cells obtained from the KG-1 cell line were cultured and transfected with plasmid DNA (miR-625) and scrambled as the control using the Lonza electroporation system. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis. Relative gene expression was validated by qRT-PCR. All data were analyzed using graph pad prism 7.01 and REST 2009. Results : KG-1 cells transfected with the mir625-GFP construct showed decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest. Low levels of Sox2, p21, cyclin E, and up-regulation of p27 were confirmed and validated by qRT-PCR ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion: MiR-625 can be a promising approach to aid in the treatment of AML. However, further studies are required in this field., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Controlling gas admission by regulating pore accessibility in porous materials has been a topic of extensive research. Recently, the electric field (E-field) has emerged as an external stimulus to alter the adsorption behavior of some microporous adsorbents. However, the mechanism behind this phenomenon is not yet fully understood. Here, we demonstrate the crucial role of the trapdoor cations of zeolite molecular sieves in E-field-regulated gas adsorption. The E-field activation caused framework expansion and cation deviation, significantly reducing the energy barrier for gas molecules passing through the pore aperture gated by the trapdoor cation. This led to an increase in the N 2 adsorption capacity of ZSM-25 and a 60% improvement in N 2 /CH 4 selectivity in the quest for nitrogen rejection for natural gas processing. By combining experimental and computational approaches, we elucidated the influence of E-field activation as a concurrent effect of the reduced heat of adsorption caused by framework expansion and the decrease in the energy barrier resulting from promoted cation oscillation. These findings pave the way for the material design of E-field-regulated adsorption and its application in molecular separation.

Background: Individuals with pronated feet often experience altered foot biomechanics, leading to increased risk of lower limb injuries. Step width modification has been proposed as a potential intervention to improve foot alignment during gait., Research Question: Does modifying step width influence rearfoot eversion and medial longitudinal arch angle (MLAA) in individuals with pronated feet during walking and running?, Methods: Twenty individuals with pronated feet underwent analysis during walking and running on treadmill, maintaining increased or decreased step width using real-time visual feedback. Three-dimensional motion analysis measured rearfoot eversion and MLAA during the stance phase of gait., Results: Wide step width significantly reduced peak rearfoot eversion during waking (mean difference - with normal step width - (MD) = 3.6°, p < 0.001) and running (MD = 4.4°, p < 0.001), time to peak rearfoot eversion during walking (MD = 16.6 p < 0.001) and running (MD = 13.8°, p = 0.014), rearfoot eversion at touch down (TD) during walking (MD = 1.3°, p = 0.004), rearfoot eversion excursion during running (MD = 4.3°, p < 0.001), and peak MLAA during walking (MD = 2.9°, p = 0.006) and MLAA excursion during running (MD = 4.8°, p = 0.004). By contrast, during running, narrow condition significantly increased peak rearfoot eversion (MD = 3.4°, p < 0.001). During walking, time to peak rearfoot eversion (MD = 16.1, p < 0.001), rearfoot eversion at TD (MD = 1.4°, p = 0.008), rearfoot eversion excursion (MD = 5.9°, p < 0.001), and peak MLAA (MD = 3.4°, p < 0.001) were significantly increased., Significance: This study highlights the potential of step width modification as a simple yet effective intervention to improve foot biomechanics in pronated feet individuals during walking and running. Further research could lead to the development of personalized strategies for pronated feet individuals., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Due to the many applications of manganese oxides in water treatment, this research aimed to synthesize α-Mn 2 O 3 nanoparticles through a green method and investigate the dye adsorption capacity of them. The α-Mn 2 O 3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using KMnO 4 and aqueous extract of Pyracantha angustofolia fruits under hydrothermal conditions and calcination. The products were identified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The adsorption capacity of methyl orange (MO) and Congo red (CR) dyes were evaluated at different concentrations (25, 50, and 75 ppm) using α-Mn 2 O 3 nanoparticles. Results revealed the spherical and porous structure of α-Mn 2 O 3 nanoparticles with a specific surface area of 21.7 m 2 .g -1 . Dye removal significantly increased with pH decrement. The adsorption capacity for MO and CR was 73.07 and 70.70 mg.g -1 , respectively. The adsorption data of both dyes followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The best fitted models for MO and CR adsorption were the Langmuir isotherm and the Dubinin-Radushkevich, respectively. In addition, a possible adsorption mechanism was proposed for both dyes. The findings showed that α-Mn 2 O 3 nanoparticles are very efficient adsorbents for removing anionic dyes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background and Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that occurs following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and can significantly impact clinical outcomes. We investigated the incidence and predictors of AF following STEMI in patients, as well as its association with major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE)., Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, including all STEMI patients who presented under code 247 to Tehran Heart Center between 2016 and 2020 and completed a 1-year follow-up. Patients were divided into two groups based on the development of AF during follow-up, and their baseline and clinical characteristics were compared. We used multivariable regression models to identify predictors of MACCE., Results: Out of 3647 STEMI patients, 84 (2.3%) developed new-onset AF (NOAF). Patients with AF were significantly older and had lower levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and hemoglobin, but higher levels of fasting blood sugar and creatinine. AF patients were also more likely to have a history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), congestive heart failure, and cerebrovascular accidents. The multivariable logistic regression model identified the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score and CKD as independent predictors of NOAF following primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Furthermore, the incidence of MACCE was higher in the AF group, and AF independently predicted MACCE with a hazard ratio of 2.766., Conclusion: The CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score and the presence of CKD can serve as useful predictors of NOAF among patients with STEMI. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial to improve outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objective: The present work examined the anti-metastatic effects of auraptene and their underlying mechanisms of action in U87 Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells., Materials and Methods: To test the hypothesis, cell culture, Matrigel invasion assay, scratch wound healing assay, gelatin zymography assay, qRT-PCR, and western blot experiments were conducted., Results: At sublethal concentrations of 12.5 and 25 µg/ml, auraptene exhibited a significant reduction in cell invasion and migration of U87 cells, as assessed using scratch wound healing and Transwell tests, respectively. The qRT-PCR and zymography experiments demonstrated a significant decrease in both mRNA expression and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 following auraptene treatment. Western blot analysis also showed that MMP-2 protein level and phosphorylation of metastasis-related proteins (p-JNK and p-mTOR) decreased in auraptene-treated cells. Molecular docking studies consistently demonstrated that auraptene exhibits a significant affinity towards MMP-2/-9, the ATP binding site of mTOR and JNK1/2/3., Conclusion: Auraptene inhibited the migration and invasion of GBM cells. This inhibitory effect was induced by modulating specific mechanisms, including suppressing MMPs, JNK, and mTOR activities., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that there is no conflict of interest.

Purpose: Ferula gummosa Boiss. is a well-known and valuable medicinal plant in Iran. Research has shown that this plant has several pharmacological properties, including anti-bacterial, anti-cancer and etc. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic properties of F. gummosa Boiss. extract in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells., Methods: The cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic properties of the extract were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and propidium iodide (PI) stained cells, respectively. Apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated by annexin V-PI staining. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS),malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined to evaluate oxidative stress. The cell migration and the gene expression were assessed by scratch assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR), respectively., Results: The extract of F. gummosa decreased the viability and cell cycle progression of MCF-7 cells by inducing apoptosis and necrosis, increasing ROS and MDA levels, and decreasing GSH levels and SOD activity. It also lowered the cells' migration capability by enhancing p53 mRNA levels and reducing MMP-9 mRNA expression., Conclusion: F. gummosa exhibited pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-metastatic effects on MCF-7 cells. It is therefore recommended that detailed future research be done on different parts of the plant or its secondary metabolites to find anti-cancer lead compounds., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Foot pronation is a prevalent condition known to contribute to a range of lower extremity injuries. Numerous interventions have been employed to address this issue, many of which are expensive and necessitate specific facilities. Gait retraining has been suggested as a promising intervention for modifying foot pronation, offering the advantage of being accessible and independent of additional materials or specific time. We aimed to systematically review the literature on the effect of gait retraining on foot pronation. We searched four databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase from their inception through 20 June 2023. The Downs and Black appraisal scale was applied to assess quality of included studies. Two reviewers screened studies to identify studies reporting the effect of different methods of gait-retraining on foot pronation. Outcomes of interest were rearfoot eversion, foot pronation, and foot arch. Two authors separately extracted data from included studies. Data of interest were study design, intervention, variable, sample size and sex, tools, age, height, weight, body mass index, running experience, and weekly distance of running. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with random effects model in RevMan version 5.4. Fifteen studies with a total of 295 participants were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that changing step width does not have a significant effect on peak rearfoot eversion. The results of the meta-analysis showed that changing step width does not have a significant effect on peak rearfoot eversion. Results of single studies indicated that reducing foot progression angle (MD 2.1, 95% CI 0.62, 3.58), lateralizing COP (MD -3.3, 95% CI -4.88, -1.72) can effectively reduce foot pronation. Overall, this study suggests that gait retraining may be a promising intervention for reducing foot pronation; Most of the included studies demonstrated significant improvements in foot pronation following gait retraining. Changing center of pressure, foot progression angle and forefoot strike training appeared to yield more favorable outcomes. However, further research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness and long-term benefits., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Mousavi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Opium abuse and exposure to heavy metals elevate the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, we aimed to determine the association between opium abuse and blood lead levels (BLLs) and the CAD complexity. We evaluated patients with acute coronary symptoms who underwent coronary angiography, and those with >50% stenosis in at least one of the coronary arteries were included. Furthermore, Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery I (SYNTAX I) score and BLLs were measured. Based on the opium abuse, 95 patients were subdivided into opium (45) and control (50) groups. Differences in demographics and CAD risk factors were insignificant between the two groups. The median BLLs were remarkably higher in the opium group than in controls (36 (35.7) and 20.5 μg/dL (11.45), respectively, p = 0.003). We also revealed no significant differences in SYNTAX score between the two groups (15.0 (9.0) and 17.5 (14.0), respectively, p = 0.28). Additionally, we found no significant correlation between BLLs and the SYNTAX scores (p = 0.277 and r = -0.113). Opium abuse was associated with high BLLs. Neither opium abuse nor high BLLs were correlated with the complexity of CAD. Further studies are warranted to establish better the relationship between opium abuse, BLLs, and CAD., (© 2024 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in Afghanistan., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of all RVO cases that underwent intravitreal ant-VEGF injection at the two leading hospitals in Kabul. The main outcome measures were visual acuity and central retinal thickness as determined by optical coherence tomography. Information was also collected on the distance traveled by each patient and the frequency of injections., Results: One hundred and twenty-five eyes of 121 patients (86 males) with RVO were identified as having undergone treatment, with a mean age of 53.1 years (range 20-80). The only agent used was bevacizumab. The mean central retinal thickness reduced from 624.2 ± 24.9 μm at the baseline to 257.8 ± 5.7 μm following treatment ( P < 0.001). There was a small increase in visual acuity from 1.33 LogMAR at the baseline to 1.13 LogMAR following the most recent injection ( P = 0.03, paired t -test). The mean distance traveled by patients was 173.9 km (range 2-447 km)., Conclusion: Despite the challenges of health-care provision in Afghanistan, this review shows that the use of intravitreal bevacizumab has provided an effective treatment for macular edema after RVO., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Oman Ophthalmic Society.)

Trigeminal neuralgia is a heterogeneous disorder with likely multifactorial and complex etiology; however, trigeminal nerve demyelination and injury are observed in almost all patients with trigeminal neuralgia. The current management strategies for trigeminal neuralgia primarily involve anticonvulsants and surgical interventions, neither of which directly address demyelination, the pathological hallmark of trigeminal neuralgia, and treatments targeting demyelination are not available. Demyelination of the trigeminal nerve has been historically considered a secondary effect of vascular compression, and as a result, trigeminal neuralgia is not recognized nor treated as a primary demyelinating disorder. In this article, we review the evolution of our understanding of trigeminal neuralgia and provide evidence to propose its potential categorization, at least in some cases, as a primary demyelinating disease by discussing its course and similarities to multiple sclerosis, the most prevalent central nervous system demyelinating disorder. This proposed categorization may provide a basis in investigating novel treatment modalities beyond the current medical and surgical interventions, emphasizing the need for further research into demyelination of the trigeminal sensory pathway in trigeminal neuralgia. PERSPECTIVE: This article proposes trigeminal neuralgia as a demyelinating disease, supported by histological, clinical, and radiological evidence. Such categorization offers a plausible explanation for controversies surrounding trigeminal neuralgia. This perspective holds potential for future research and developing therapeutics targeting demyelination in the condition., (Copyright © 2024 United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of resistance training (RT) combined with aerobic training (AT) and Tirzepatide supplementation on lipid profiles, insulin resistance, anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness in prediabetic obese soldiers., Methods: 61 obese men were randomly divided into six groups: Placebo; Tirzepatide 5 mg (T5); Tirzepatide 2.5 mg (T2.5); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Placebo (Ex+P); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Tirzepatide 5 mg (Ex+T5); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Tirzepatide 2.5 mg (Ex+T2.5). All training groups performed aerobic training (AT) after resistance training. Subjects trained for six weeks, three sessions per week. Before and after the intervention period, the participants were evaluated for anthropometric measures, body composition [body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and fat mass (FM)], cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and muscle strength (chest press 1RM and leg press 1RM). Blood biochemistry evaluations included triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin level and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). To evaluate the differences between the groups, ANCOVA statistical method was used along with Bonferroni's post hoc test, and the significance level was P < 0.05., Results: Body weight, BMI, WC, FM, FBG, LDL-C, TC, TG and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased in Ex+P, Ex+T5 and Ex+T2.5 groups compared to Placebo, T5 and T2.5 groups. WHR significantly decreased in Ex+P, Ex+T5 and Ex+T2.5 groups compared to Placebo group. HDL-C, chest press and leg press significantly increased in Ex+P, Ex+T5 and Ex+T2.5 groups compared to Placebo, T5 and T2.5 groups. VO2max significantly increased and insulin significantly decreased in Ex+P group compared to Placebo, T5 and T2.5 groups. FM, FBG and TG were significantly decreased in both the T2.5 and T5 groups compared to Placebo group. HOMA-IR, LDL-C and TC significantly decreased in the T5 group compared to Placebo group. Also, leg press significantly increased in Ex+P group compared to all other groups., Conclusions: Performing six weeks of combined resistance and aerobic training in the form of RT+AT alone is more effective than the simultaneous use of Tirzepatide on cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and modulating insulin levels. Taking Tirzepatide in doses of 5 mg and 2.5 mg in combination with exercise training did not have a significant advantage over exercise training alone. Finally, taking Tirzepatide in doses of 5 mg or 2.5 mg in combination with exercise training is not significantly superior to each other.

In this study, gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were synthesized using HAuCl4 and quince seed mucilage (QSM) extract, which was characterized by conventional methods including Fourier transforms electron microscopy (FTIR), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Field emission electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light spectroscopy (DLS), and Zeta-potential. The QSM acted as reductant and stabilizing agents simultaneously. The NP's anticancer activity was also investigated against osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63), which showed an IC50 of [Formula: see text]/mL.

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous synthetic monomer primarily used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins and as a non-polymer additive to other plastics, can leach into the food and water supply and has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to analyze BPA levels in patients with varying numbers of coronary artery stenosis and evaluate the prognostic value of new biomarkers cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), compared to troponin I and creatine kinase (CK) MB, for detecting myocardial injury., Method: Eighty nine patients undergoing angiography at Urmia Hospital from March 2019 to 2020 were included. Serum levels of BPA, CD36, H-FABP, troponin I, and CK-M were measured., Results: When comparing CD36 and H-FABP with troponin I and CK-MB across coronary occlusion classes, receiver operating characteristic curves indicated CD36 and H-FABP had higher accuracy than troponin I and CK-MB for detecting stenosis stages. In patients with occlusion, significant alterations were detected in age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking. BPA serum concentration significantly increased compared to normal subjects., Conclusions: Our study revealed that serum biomarkers were valuable for prognosticating myocardial injury. Among these, CD36 and H-FABP were more accurate. BPA concentration correlated with myocardial necrosis, underlying disease, and occlusion stage, suggesting BPA's harmful effects., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Masoumeh Karami reports financial support was provided by AJA University of Medical Sciences, Iran. there is nothing If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Background: Biofeedback may alter the biomechanics of lower extremities in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). We aimed to systematically review the literature on the effect of gait-training and biofeedback on biomechanical parameters in individuals with CAI and conduct a meta-analysis., Methods: We searched four databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase from their inception through 30th June 2022. The Downs and Black appraisal scale was applied to assess quality of included studies. Two reviewers screened studies to identify those reporting the effect of biofeedback on biomechanical factors associated with CAI. Outcomes of interest were kinetics and kinematics. Two authors separately extracted data from included studies. Data of interest were study design, number of sessions, intervention, tools, outcomes, number, sex, age, height, and body mass of participants., Results: Thirteen studies with a total of 226 participants were included. Biofeedback was capable of shifting center of pressure (COP) and lateral plantar pressure medially and reducing foot inversion, adduction, propulsive vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), ankle joint contact force, peak pressure and pressure time integral in the lateral mid-foot and forefoot. Auditory biofeedback had agreater impact on modifying plantar pressure in individuals with CAI. The meta-analyses revealed that visual biofeedback reduces peak pressure in lateral mid-foot and pressure time integral at lateral and medial heel and pressure increases under the hallux., Conclusion: Biofeedback can alter pressure, vGRF, and foot inversion associated with CAI. Auditory biofeedback had greater impact on modifying plantar pressure in individuals with CAI. Further studies are required to assess the prolonged effect and clinical consequences of biofeedback or a combination of feedback on CAI in different age groups. Moreover, developing a low-cost and user-friendly device that can be evaluated in high quality RCTs is important prior to implementing the intervention in the clinical setting to reduce symptoms of CAI., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Gram-negative bacteria are infectious and life-threatening agents after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). So, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antibiotic resistance in patients who have received Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation through a systematic review. The systematic search was done with key words; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from 2000 to the end of July 2023 in Google Scholar and PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. Twelve studies were able to include our study. Quality assessment of studies was done by Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. The most of the included studies were conducted as allo-HSCT. Infections such as respiratory infection, urinary infection and bacteremia have occurred. The rate of prevalence with P. aeruginosa has varied between 3 and 100%. The average age of the participants was between 1 and 74 years. The rate of prevalence of P. aeruginosa resistant to several drugs has been reported to be variable, ranging from 20 to 100%. The highest antibiotic resistance was reported against cefotetan (100%), and the lowest was related to tobramycin (1.8%) followed by amikacin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin with the prevalence of 16.6%. Our findings showed a high prevalence and antibiotic resistance rate of P. aeruginosa in Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Therefore, more serious health measures should be taken in patients after transplantation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None declared., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)