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In the context of the need for the production of knowledge in low-and middle-income countries, as well as in high-income countries with their socially vulnerable populations and the concomitant, minimal availability of funding for international research, university researchers should innovate. This paper discusses critical methodological issues in the process of designing and implementing international online survey research. This is done in the context of responding to the need for innovation in the research methodology and research design in the field of global health. The focus is ondata collection instrumentation to expand their responsiveness to the international field and the participants’ characteristics. The chapter is organized with the presentation of online international research, first presenting insights for an alternative and innovative design, then formulating questions to remotely collect international data highlighting survey methods, renewing a dialogue setting, and exploring issues of recruitment, attrition,and participation. It also reports successful experiences of the internationalization of research, intellectual partnerships,and shared successes in the process of creating, exchanging,and translating knowledge in the context of global health and the democratization of knowledge. The experiences are related to qualitative inspired research implemented in the continental sphere (Africa, South and North America, and Europe) with the creation of survey questionnaires for an exploration of narratives, experiences, and decisions. The mobilization of researchers’ social and professional networks, in addition to the constant reformulation of intellectual partnerships in research, istoday the most common strategies to face the current challenges in academia. Innovation for methodological advances in audacious design for unpredictable fieldwork may require the revisiting of epistemological grounds. Emerging issues in this type of research, such as “research fatigue”, should be considered.

International audience; Introduction:Marker-based kinematics is hardly compatible with sports movement analysis, especially because it hinders natural movement. Hence, deep-learning based markerless solutions are being developed, such as Pose2Sim [1]. Sports in competition may also be subject to setup constraints, preventing the use of heavy equipment and installation. The use of lightweight action cameras, with post-calibration and post-synchronization, can be pertinent in this context. This study aimed at investigating the accuracy of the Pose2Sim pipeline in such suboptimal conditions. We assessed the measures of key performance indicators in boxing, which involves swift and 3-dimensional full-body movements.Methods:One male elite boxer performed 6 repetitions of a boxing sequence composed of 3 punches (jab, high hook, low hook). His 3D motion was captured both with a marker-based protocol, and with a light-weight markerless one. The latter involved 8 GoPro cameras, which were post-calibrated based on the dimensions of the boxing ring, and post-synchronized based on time-lagged correlations of 2D keypoints speeds between paired cameras. The markerless kinematic analysis was then performed with Pose2Sim. Both protocols used the same OpenSim [2] model to optimize inverse kinematics. Displacement of lead foot, pelvis, lead fist, and velocity of lead fist were analyzed for the jab. Rotation of rear foot, pelvis, displacement of rear fist, and velocity of rear fist were analyzed for the hooks. Waveform similarity was assessed with the inter-protocol coefficient of multiple correlation [3]. Time and magnitude of peaks were also compared.Results:Results from the marker-based and markerless approaches demonstrated excellent waveform similarity (CMC>0.94), and times-to-peak exhibited intervals of under one frame (i.e., 17 ms). Magnitudes-at-peak were very close for displacements (below 6 cm), but not for fist velocity on jab (1.2m/s difference) nor for rotations on hooks (up to 20° difference, e.g. for pelvis rotation).Conclusion:Despite the use of action cameras, and of suboptimal calibration and synchronization procedures, our lightweight markerless protocol gives satisfying results for the analysis of key performance indicators in boxing, especially for limb displacements. Nevertheless, results should be taken with caution for velocity and for rotation measurements. Such a light-weight markerless protocol could be useful in situations where more accurate marker-based approaches are not conceivable, such as sports competitions.

International audience; When implementing computer vision algorithms, the quality of the video input is a crucial parameter for systematic application as :• Training and inference conditions of Deep Learning models may differ.• Video quality may be downgraded due to sourcing or transfer encoding.• Storage capacity may limit the volume/quantity of data available.To better understand the sensitivity of inference with regarding video quality, we investigated the effect of video compression on the output of a human pose estimation network model.

The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HBs Ag in HIV-infected patients followed at the Maradi CHR.This is a retrospective study based on the records of the infectious diseases department of the CHR of Maradi. Included were all HIV-positive adults seen in consultation who received HBs Ag research between 2006 and 2018. The data was collected from patients' medical records.In total, 2770 patients included in our study. The average age of the cohort was 38 years old. Of these patients, 159 had HBs Ag or a prevalence of 5.74% (95% CI: 4.93 - 6.67). HIV-HBV coinfections were higher in men (52.20%). HIV1 subtype was involved in 96.86% of cases. Two patients co-infected with HIV-HBV had HIV1 and HIV2 dual profile. Which represents 1.26% (95% CI: 0.15 - 4.47).This study confirms the high prevalence rate of HBV coinfection in HIV-infected patients. It is therefore necessary to screen all HIV-infected patients for better management.La présente étude visait à déterminer la séroprévalence de l'Ag HBs chez les patients infectés par le VIH suivi au CHR de Maradi.Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective réalisée à partir des registres du service des maladies infectieuses du CHR de Maradi. Ont été inclus tous les adultes séropositifs au VIH vus en consultation et ayant bénéficié d'une recherche de l'Ag HBs entre 2006 et 2018. Les données ont été collectées à partir des dossiers médicaux des patients.Au total, 2770 patients inclus dans notre étude. L'âge moyen était de 38 ans. Parmi ces patients, 159 étaient porteuses de l'Ag HBs soit une prévalence de 5,74% (IC 95% : 4,93 - 6,67). Le taux des coinfectés VIH-VHB étaient plus élevé chez les hommes (52,20%). Le sous type VIH1 était impliqué dans 96,86% des cas. Deux patients co-infectés VIH-VHB avait présenté le double profile VIH1 et VIH2 soit 1,26% (IC 95% : 0,15 - 4,47).Cette étude confirme le taux de prévalence élevé de la coinfection par le VHB chez les patients infectés par le VIH. Il est donc nécessaire de dépister tous les patients infectés par le VIH en vue d'une meilleure prise en charge.

3D-AHM 2022, 17th International Symposium of 3-D Analysis of Human Movement, Tokyo, JAPON, 16-/07/2022 - 19/07/2022; This work aims to compare markerless joint kinematics of the upper extremity processed with Theia3D with respect to those measured by marker-based method during in-the-field shadow boxing.

Pancoast tumours (PTs) are apical tumours of the lung that manifest with a variety of symptoms. Herein, we describe a rare case of a 56-year-old female with a one-month history of persistent left leg pain despite advanced imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and orthopaedic input, which was focused onto her left knee being the prime cause of her pain. Her non-resolving symptoms prompted her to attend the Emergency Department. A careful clinical examination pointed towards the left proximal tibia being the most probable cause. Basic radiographic imaging (x-ray) of the left tibia revealed a lytic lesion which was later confirmed to be metastatic disease arising from a Pancoast tumour (PT) following further advanced imaging and diagnostics. This case highlights a unique presentation of a Pancoast tumour that, to our knowledge, has never been reported before in the medical literature. A high index of suspicion, careful examination, and investigation were essential to reach this diagnosis.

Objectives: Emphasize the importance of setting up training load quantification models in sport.News: Sometimes neglected due to its time-consuming aspect, the quantification of training loads proves to be of great interest nevertheless, including in high performance sport. It is essential to place load quantification at the center of the training program so that it regains its main role within practice.Perspectives: This will have to go through the setting up of mixed models, including external and internal loads. Recent articles have placed internal loads as predominant indicators, which highlight the athlete’s knowledge on how they perceive fatigue, recovery or session intensity. A recent model of loads ratio taking into account the chronic load and the acute load seems extremely relevant. This reflection on acute/chronic ratios needs to be extrapolated to other variables of follow-up and to cross with the monitoring of fatigue and injuries.Conclusion: This model is useful for physical preparation, training monitoring, injury preven- tion and reathletisation in accordance to competitive requirements. Moreover, the computing of the ratio load could be transferable to all sports and all levels., Objectifs: Souligner la nécessité et l'intérêt de la mise en place de modèles de quantification de charge dans le sport de haut niveau. Actualités: Parfois délaissé, y compris dans le sport de haut niveau, notamment par son aspect chronophage, la quantification de la charge d'entraînement revêt pourtant de grands intérêts. Il est essentiel de replacer au centre de la programmation la quantification de la charge afin que la pierre névralgique de tout entraînement retrouve la place qui est la sienne.Perspectives et projets: Ceci devra passer par la mise en place de modèles mixtes, incluant charge externe et interne. De récents articles positionnent les indicateurs de charges internes comme prépondérants et soulignent la bonne connaissance des athlètes sur leur ressenti de niveau de fatigue, récupération ou intensité des séances. Un modèle récent de ratio de charges prenant en compte la charge chronique et la charge actuelle, paraît extrêmement pertinent. Ce positionnement autour de ratios aiguë/chronique est à extrapoler sur d’autres variables de suivi et intéressant à croiser avec du monitoring de la fatigue et des blessures.Conclusion: Ce type de modèle s’avère utile à la préparation physique, au suivi d’entraînement, à la prévention de la blessure, la réathlétisation face aux exigences compétitives. Par ailleurs, le calcul du ratio de charge peut se révéler transférable à tous les sports et tous les niveaux.

Epoxy is normally used to seal segment joints in precast/prestressed concrete bridges. Historically, it has not always been possible to create a good seal at the joint faces. Two new epoxy applications were tested in this study: a top strip recess at the joint, and a recessed annulus groove around the duct that provides a distinct guide for the proper amount of epoxy applications, top strip and annulus. The beams were post-tensioned with a minimum required prestress force. Tanks placed above the joints were used to measure the seepage of water and joint permeability comparisons. Pressurized water was used to detect cross-grouting between ducts. The top strip provided slightly more seepage resistance than that provided by the current one-face epoxy application technique. This feature also improved alignment problems, segment defects, and epoxy application procedures. The practice of one-face application performed well in both tests, but problems occurred in providing the proper epoxy thickness and clearances. Both features performed well and assisted the epoxy application process in producing a reliable joint equivalent to solid concrete.

Epoxy is used between precast bridge segments to fill voids on the faces, keep water and contaminants from seeping into joints, prevent grout from bleeding into joints from posttensioning ducts, and act as a lubricant between the segments during assembly. To create a good seal at the joint faces, two experimental epoxy applications were tested: a top strip recess at the joint formed in the concrete during precasting, and a recessed annulus groove around the duct that provides a distinct guide for epoxy application. Eight beams were fabricated with various combinations of epoxy face applications, top strip, and annulus. Six segments were cast by using match casting. After curing, the beams were posttensioned with the minimum required prestress force. Tanks above the joints were used to measure the seepage of water and joint permeability comparisons. Pressurized water was used to test the cross grouting between ducts. The top strip provided slightly more resistance than did the current one face epoxy application technique and improved alignment problems, segment defects, and epoxy application procedures. The annulus created a watertight seal around the ducts and assisted in aligning the segments and coupling the ducts. The existing practice of one face application performed well in both tests, but problems occurred in epoxy thickness and clearances. The top strip and annulus features eliminated the approximation of edge and duct clearances. Both performed well together and helped the epoxy application process produce a more reliable joint without additional work in casting or erection of the segments.

International audience; La crue de 2012 a Niamey : un paroxysme du paradoxe du Sahel ? E n août 2012, le fleuve Niger a connu une crue exceptionnelle dans le bassin du Niger moyen. Plusieurs episodes pluvieux parfois exceptionnels se sont succ ed e dans ce bassin et notamment sur le bassin-versant des affluents burkinab es. Elle a provoqu e de tr es graves inondations dans la r egion de Niamey. L'Autorit e du bassin du Niger (ABN) qui coordonne les activit es de suivi du fleuve, doit eclairer les d ecisions a prendre, tant au niveau r egional que dans les pays concern es. Le bilan humain est terrible puisque 81 personnes ont perdu la vie au Niger ; les d egâts mat eriels sont enormes. Cette crue fait

Nineteen 14 in. (356 mm) square prestressed concrete piles were tested to study the effect of pile embedment on the development length of 1/2 in. (13 mm) diameter prestressing strands. The primary objective of this investigation was to determine the required embedment length of strands in piles, so that the ultimate flexural moment can be developed without strand end slippage. In this study, equations for development length in the AASHTO Specifications and ACI Code were evaluated. Also examined were the general bond slip and the maximum average bond stress at failure.

The paper discusses the testing procedure and strength evaluation of two identical double tee prestressed concrete bridges owned by the City of Tallahassee, Florida. The various elements of each bridge were examined by placing strain or deflection transducers at critical locations along the elements. The bridge was then incrementally loaded to induce maximum stress-strain effects. The data collected from various instruments were used to establish the strength of each component and also to determine the load distribution in the structure. The load testing procedure, data acquisition, analytical model, and comparison of experimental data to analytical results are presented.

In 1997, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) funded a study to evaluate interface bond from full-scale tests. This paper presents results from model and full-scale tests to assess the interface bond between a cast-in-place concrete seal slab and steel H-piles in cofferdams, which are usually required in the construction of bridge foundations over waterways. Three seal slab placement conditions--freshwater, saltwater, and bentonite slurry--were evaluated and results compared against controls where no fluid was displaced by the concrete. The results show that significant bond stresses developed even in the worst placement condition. Recommendations made for revising current values in specifications have already been implemented by FDOT.

In this paper, experimental results are presented from a study conducted to assess the interface bond between a cast-in-place concrete seal slab and prestressed concrete piles in cofferdams. Three different seal slab placement conditions (fresh water, salt water, and bentonite slurry) were evaluated with results compared against controls where no fluid had to be displaced by the concrete. Normal pile surfaces were also studied. Additionally, the situation of soil-caked piles was also investigated. Both model and full-scale tests were conducted. In the model tests, 28 15-cm sq. prestressed sections were used with the embedment depth varied between d and 2d, where d is the width of the pile. 16 specimens were tested in the full-scale tests. The prestressed piles were 36 cm sq., with the emdbedment varied between 0.5 and 2d. Four of the 16 piles were cast with embedded gages located at the top, middle, and bottom of the interface region. The results show that loads were transferred to the piles over an effective area, not the entire embedded depth. Significant bond stresses developed even for the worst placement condition. Recommendations are made for revising current values in specifications.

The appearance of longitudinal cracking and spalling in the web section near the end block of Florida bulb-tee concrete girders have raised some concerns regarding possible problems which may be inherent in the design and construction procedures of the girders. Several factors believed to cause the stress buildup and the cracking were investigated in this study. Results showed that stress accumulation started at the end of the transition section where the web width gradually reduced to 178 mm (7 in.). A wedging effect due to out-of-plane stresses was the most critical factor causing stress buildups in the transition zone. The effect of grout pressure was more severe in ducts with oval cross sections than in round ones.