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Abstract Abstract Dapagliflozin (DAPA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, is well-recognized for its therapeutic benefits in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases. In this comprehensive in vitro study, we investigated DAPA’s effects on cardiomyocytes, aortic endothelial cells (AECs), and stem cell-derived beta cells (SC-β), focusing on its impact on hypertrophy, inflammation, and cellular stress. Our results demonstrate that DAPA effectively attenuates isoproterenol (ISO)-induced hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes, reducing cell size and improving cellular structure. Mechanistically, DAPA mitigates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammation by activating the AKT pathway, which influences downstream markers of fibrosis, hypertrophy, and inflammation. Additionally, DAPA’s modulation of SGLT2, the Na+/H + exchanger 1 (NHE1), and glucose transporter (GLUT 1) type 1 highlights its critical role in maintaining cellular ion balance and glucose metabolism, providing insights into its cardioprotective mechanisms. In aortic endothelial cells (AECs), DAPA exhibited notable anti-inflammatory properties by restoring AKT and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) expression, enhancing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, and downregulating inflammatory cytokines at both the gene and protein levels. Furthermore, DAPA alleviated tumor necrosis factor (TNFα)-induced inflammation and stress responses while enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, suggesting its potential to preserve vascular function and improve endothelial health. Investigating SC-β cells, we found that DAPA enhances insulin functionality without altering cell identity, indicating potential benefits for diabetes management. DAPA also upregulated MAFA, PI3K, and NRF2 expression, positively influencing β-cell function and stress response. Additionally, it attenuated NLRP3 activation in inflammation and reduced NHE1 and glucose-regulated protein GRP78 expression, offering novel insights into its anti-inflammatory and stress-modulating effects. Overall, our findings elucidate the multifaceted therapeutic potential of DAPA across various cellular models, emphasizing its role in mitigating hypertrophy, inflammation, and cellular stress through the activation of the AKT pathway and other signaling cascades. These mechanisms may not only contribute to enhanced cardiac and endothelial function but also underscore DAPA’s potential to address metabolic dysregulation in T2D. Graphical abstract

Abstract Objectives Zygomatic implant surgery can be difficult due to the limited intraoperative visibility of the surgical field and the complex anatomy of the zygomatic bone, which could lead to serious complications. This study aims to assess the accuracy of zygomatic implants placement using computer-guided surgical templates. Materials and methods A total of 13 zygomatic implants were placed in four participants. Double-sleeve drill guides were used with the help of computer-guided surgical templates designed with a lateral window. The accuracy was evaluated by measuring the linear deviations regarding the implants’ platforms and apices’ positions in addition to the angular deviations. Moreover, deviations of both implants from three fixed planes of space were measured. Results The mean linear deviation at platforms was 2.44 mm ± 1.57 and at the apices 2.32 mm ± 1 while the mean angular deviation was 3.6˚ ± 1.92. Differences at the entry points were 0.43 ± 1.79 mm, 0.39 ± 1.12 mm, and − 0.54 ± 2.00 mm from the mid-sagittal, horizontal, and coronal planes respectively. Differences at the exit points were − 0.75 ± 1.25 mm, -0.06 ± 1.09 mm, and 0.63 ± 1.24 mm from the same planes respectively. Within all planes, there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusion Given the limitations of this study, the use of the computer-guided surgical templates augmented by the double sleeve drill guides allowed favorable control over the tip of the long surgical drill away from vital structures during the zygomatic implant osteotomy. It also allowed control over alveolar crest osteotomy and its placement in a favorable prosthetic position. Overall, this protocol should be considered for further research and improvement to allow more predictable surgical outcomes while preventing the occurrence of complications. Before conducting this study, the protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethical Committee of Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University in meeting no. (105), on 15th of July 2020 with the application no.: (FDASU-RecD072029).

Thyroid hormones play essential roles in spermatogenesis, but their effects on infertile males remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of combining carbimazole (CBZ) with vitamin E (VE) on testicular injury induced by experimental hyperthyroidism in adult albino rats, focusing on oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways. In this experimental study, 64 adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into eight groups: Group I (control-untreated), Group II (CBZ-control), Group III (VE-control), Group IV (CBZ + VE-control), Group V (levothyroxine-induced testicular injury), Group VI (levothyroxine + CBZ-treated), Group VII (levothyroxine + VE-treated), and Group VIII (levothyroxine + CBZ + VE-treated). The study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (Ismailia, Egypt). After cervical decapitation, both testes and epididymis were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Significant differences were observed among groups concerning malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT; all P < 0.001). Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed significant differences in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl2), p53, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA levels (all P < 0.001). Hyperthyroid group treated with CBZ alone (Group VI) exhibited testicular side effects, affecting seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis. However, the Group VIII showed improved spermatogenesis and a decrease in testicular side effects. The addition of VE to the treatment of hyperthyroid rats with CBZ reduced testicular side effects and seminiferous tubular affection when potentially improving spermatogenesis. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms fully.

Abstract Background This research aims to determine the probable protective effect of nano-curcumin (N-CUR) on caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine)-induced neurotoxicity in cerebral rats. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, caffeine (150 mg kg−1), and caffeine (150 mg kg−1) treated with N-CUR (300 mg kg−1). All treatments were administrated by gavage every day for a month. Results Administration of caffeine significantly elevated the levels of serum interleukins 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2). Also, there was a significant increase in levels of cerebral malondialdehyde (MDA), significantly diminished glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Caffeine administration significantly downregulated the gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and upregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Administration of N-CUR caused a significant amelioration in TNF-α and IL-6 levels and a significant rise in SOD activity, while it caused a significant downregulation in NF-κB mRNA expression. Additionally, N-CUR has exerted insignificant amelioration of COX-2 and MDA contents and Nrf2 mRNA expression compared to the caffeine-treated group. Conclusion N-CUR may have a mild to moderate ameliorative effect on caffeine-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in the cerebrum.

Escherichia coli is a major cause of serious infections, with antibiotic resistance rendering many treatments ineffective. Hence, novel strategies to combat this pathogen are needed. Anti-virulence therapy is a promising new approach for the subsequent era. Recent research has examined the impact of sub-inhibitory doses of ascorbic acid and paracetamol on Escherichia coli virulence factors. This study evaluated biofilm formation, protease production, motility behavior, serum resistance, expression of virulence-regulating genes (using RT-PCR), and survival rates in a mouse model. Ascorbic acid significantly reduced biofilm formation, protease production, motility, and serum resistance from 100% in untreated isolates to 22–89%, 10–89%, 2–57%, and 31–35% in treated isolates, respectively. Paracetamol also reduced these factors from 100% in untreated isolates to 16–76%, 1–43%, 16–38%, and 31–35%, respectively. Both drugs significantly down-regulated virulence-regulating genes papC, fimH, ompT_m, stcE, fliC, and kpsMTII. Mice treated with these drugs had a 100% survival rate compared with 60% in the positive control group control inoculated with untreated bacteria. This study highlights the potential of ascorbic acid and paracetamol as anti-virulence agents, suggesting their use as adjunct therapies alongside conventional antimicrobials or as alternative treatments for resistant Escherichia coli infections.

Abstract The development of flame-retardant materials has become an important research direction. For the past dozen years, researchers have been exploring flame retardants with high flame-retardant efficiency, low toxicity, less smoke, or other excellent performance flame retardants. Therefore, this work aimed to synthesize new cyclodiphosph(V)azane derivatives and their Cu(II) and Cd(II) metal complexes and investigated their potential applications as high flame-retardant efficiency. Various techniques were used to characterize the prepared ligand H2L and its metal complexes, including elemental analyses, mass spectra, conductivity measurements, electronic spectral data UV–vis, FT-IR, 1H,13C-NMR, TGA, XRD, and molecular docking experiments studies were M. tuberculosis receptors (PDB ID: 5UHF) and the crystal structure of human topoisomerase II alpha (PDB ID: 4FM9). Wood-based paint was physically mixed with the ligand H2L and its metal complexes. The obtained results of mechanical characteristics of the dried paint layers were noticed to improve, such as gloss value, which ranged from 85 to 95, hardness 1.5–2.5 kg, adhesion 4B to 5B, and impact resistance, which improved from 1.3 to 2.5 J. Moreover, the obtained results of flame-retardant properties showed a significant retardant impact compared to the blank sample, such as ignitability, which includes the heat flux which increased from 10 to 25 kW/m2, and ignition time, ranging from 550 to 1200 s, respectively, and limiting oxygen index (LOI) (%) which has been increased from 21 to 130 compared with the plywood sample and sample blank. The ordering activity of the observed results was noticed that coated sample based on Cd(II) metal complexes > coated sample based on Cu(II) metal complexes of Cyclophosphazene ligand > coated sample based on phosphazene ligand H2L > coated sample without additives > uncoated sample. This efficiency may be attributed to (1) the H2L is an organophosphorus compound, which contains P, N, Cl, and aromatic six- and five-member ring, (2) Cu(II) and Cd(II) metal complexes characterized by high thermal stability, good stability, excellent performance flame retardants, and wide application.

PurposeThe present study tests the hypothesis that mitochondrial genes have retrograde signaling capacity that influences the expression of nuclear genes related to angiogenesis pathways. Cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) in vitro cell lines with patient specific mitochondria inserted into an immortalized retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) were used to test this hypothesis. This type of analysis can provide important information to identify the optimal regimen of anti-VEGF treatment, personalizing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) therapies.MethodsMitochondria deficient ARPE-19 cells (Rho0) were fused with AMD donor's platelets to create individual cybrid cell lines containing mitochondria from patients with phenotypic AMD disease and nuclear DNA from the immortalized RPE cell line. The cybrids were treated with Ranibizumab (Lucentis, Genentech, San Francisco, CA), at 4 different concentrations for 24 h, and subsequently the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), gene expression for VEGF-A, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-a) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) were measured. The clinical evolution of the two AMD-donors were correlated with the molecular findings found in their 'personalized' cybrids.ResultsCybrids from Patient-01 showed down-regulation of gene expression of VEGF-A and HIF-1a at both 1X and 4X Ranibizumab concentrations. Patient-01 AMD cybrid cultures had an increase in the ROS levels at 1X (P = 0.0317), no changes at 2X (P = 0.8350) and a decrease at 4X (P = 0.0015) and 10X (P = 0.0011) of Ranibizumab. Clinically, Patient-01 responded to anti-VEGF therapy but eventually developed geographic atrophy. Patient-02 cybrids demonstrated up-regulation of gene expression of VEGF-A and HIF-1a at Ranibizumab 1X and 4X concentrations. There was decreased ROS levels with Ranibizumab 1X (P = 0.1606), 2X (P = 0.0388), 4X (P = 0.0010) and 10X (P =

Background: A fracture is considered a medical emergency leading to considerable complications. Aim: This study aimed to describe the accelerating action of Ag-NPs-FG on fracture healing in rabbits. Methods: AgNPs were reduced with FG, loaded into a starch gel base, and investigated for their morphology, size, and charge. Four equal groups were randomly formed of 40 adult male rabbits. A 3.5 mm diameter bone defect was created at the proximal metaphysis the right tibia in each rabbit. Groups 1 to 4 were injected with placebo saline, AgNPs-FG, plain gel, and FG-gel at the bone defect zone, respectively. The healing was assessed for 8 weeks postoperatively based on the radiographic, bone turnover markers, and histopathological examinations. Results: The AgNPs-FG was obtained as a faint reddish color, spherical in shape, with an absorbance of 423 nm, a size of 118.0±1.7 nm, and a surface charge of -7.8±0.518 mV. The prepared AgNPs-FG hydrogel was clear, translucent, and homogenous. The pH values were 6.55-6.5±0.2, the viscosity of 4000 and 1875 cPs, and spreadability of 1.6±0.14 and 2.0±0.15 for both FG and AgNPs-FG hydrogel, respectively. Radiographic union scale was significantly (p [Open Vet J 2024; 14(5.000): 1281-1293]

Mohamed M Ahmed,1,2,&ast; Mohammad Zaino,1,&ast; Mahmoud Moustafa,3,&ast; Ramzi Abdu Alajam,1,&ast; Abdulaziz H Alameer,1,&ast; Walaa E Morsy,1,4,&ast; Esraa Mohammed Fayed,1,4,&ast; Shazia Malik,1,&ast; Wafaa Mahmoud Amin1,5,&ast; 1Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; 3Diagnostic Radiography Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; 5Basic Science for Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wafaa Mahmoud Amin, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 82722, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966596211342, Email wafaa_770@yahoo.comPurpose: This study was conducted to release the debate and examine the short-term impact of KT on the quadriceps muscle following arthroscopic surgery for partial meniscectomy.Patients and Methods: As part of a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 40 people who had an arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) were randomly put into two groups, A and B. Group A received Kinesio tape (KT) for the superficial heads of the quadriceps muscle, while group B received placebo KTk. After 10 minutes of KT application, the peak torque of both groups was measured using a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer.Results: Peak torque showed a significant increase in group A in comparison with group B during angular velocity 60◦/Sec. (F (1, 130) = 58.9, p < 0.001, ƞ2 =0.31) and during angular velocity 180◦/Sec. (F (1, 38) = 25.0, p < 0.001, ƞ2 =0.40).Conclusion: After APM, individuals experienced an immediate and significant improvement in the quadriceps’ peak torque following KT application to the Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, and Vastus lateralis muscles from origin to insertion.Keywords: quadriceps, kinesio tape, peak torque, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy

The increasing demand for materials possessing enhanced mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity, and excellent electrical properties has grown significantly. Cu-matrix composites, especially Cu– Ni, present a promising candidate to fulfill these demands. In this study, Cu–Ni composites were successfully synthesized using powder metallurgy with various additions (0–1.5 wt%) of Yttria (Y2O3)-reinforcement aiming to enhance their mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. The microstructural investigations demonstrated a uniform distribution of Y2O3 particles and a slight increase in porosity of the Cu–Ni matrix. The Cu–Ni composites with 1.5 wt% Y2O3 showed the presence of Cu2NiZn intermetallic compounds, potentially harming their physical and mechanical properties. Y2O3-reinforcement significantly increased the hardness and led to a moderate rise in the yield and ultimate compressive strengths. The results indicated that the Cu–Ni matrix without Y2O3-reinforcement had the highest coefficient of thermal expansion, which decreased with the addition of Y2O3, potentially leading to improved thermal properties of Cu–Ni composites. This study puts an emphasis on the importance of Y2O3 particles dispersion and on the extent of porosity in enhancing the thermal and mechanical properties of Cu–Ni composites.

The convergence of smart technologies and predictive modelling in prisons presents an exciting opportunity to revolutionize the monitoring of inmate behaviour, allowing for the early detection of signs of distress and the effective mitigation of suicide risks. While machine learning algorithms have been extensively employed in predicting suicidal behaviour, a critical aspect that has often been overlooked is the interoperability of these models. Most of the work done on model interpretations for suicide predictions often limits itself to feature reduction and highlighting important contributing features only. To address this research gap, we used Anchor explanations for creating human-readable statements based on simple rules, which, to our knowledge, have never been used before for suicide prediction models. We also overcome the limitation of anchor explanations, which create weak rules on high-dimensionality datasets, by first reducing data features with the help of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). We further reduce data features through anchor interpretations for the final ensemble model of XGBoost and random forest. Our results indicate significant improvement when compared with state-of-the-art models, having an accuracy and precision of 98.6% and 98.9%, respectively. The F1-score for the best suicide ideation model appeared to be 96.7%.

Abstract A novel hybrid ternary metallic electrocatalyst of amorphous Mo/Co oxides and crystallized Cu metal was deposited over Ni foam using a one-pot, simple, and scalable solvothermal technique. The chemical structure of the prepared ternary electrocatalyst was systematically characterized and confirmed via XRD, FTIR, EDS, and XPS analysis techniques. FESEM images of (Mo/Co)Ox–Cu@NF display the formation of 3D hierarchical structure with a particle size range of 3–5 µm. The developed (Mo/Co)Ox–Cu@NF ternary electrocatalyst exhibits the maximum activity with 188 mV and 410 mV overpotentials at 50 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results for the (Mo/Co)Ox–Cu@NF sample demonstrate the minimum charge transfer resistance (Rct) and maximum constant phase element (CPE) values. A two-electrode cell based on the ternary electrocatalyst just needs a voltage of about 1.86 V at 50 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting (OWS). The electrocatalyst shows satisfactory durability during the OWS for 24 h at 10 mA cm−2 with an increase of only 33 mV in the cell potential.