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Aims/Introduction We devised a new system called 'Educational Guidance' (E-Guide) for nutritional education based on self-efficacy. The present study aimed to examine the effects of E-Guide use on glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods We carried out an interventional and observational study that included 74 patients with type 2 diabetes. The extent of glycemic control in the 39 patients who received guidance through the E-Guide (E-Guide group) was compared with that of 35 patients who received conventional nutritional guidance (control group). We carried out a 1-year follow-up survey (subanalysis) based on the electronic health records of 18 patients from the E-guide group and 19 patients from the control group. These patients continued treatment at Hikone Municipal Hospital, Hikone, Shiga, Japan. Changes in glycated hemoglobin levels, body mass index and medication dose were examined from time of enrollment to the end of the 1-year intervention, and during the 1-year follow-up. Results Decreases in glycated hemoglobin levels were more pronounced in the E-Guide group than in the control group during the intervention period ( P < 0.05). The levels further decreased during the follow-up period ( P < 0.01). In the E-Guide group, body mass index decreased significantly throughout the follow-up period ( P < 0.001). Additionally, increased medication doses were significantly less common in the E-Guide group than in the control group ( P < 0.01). Conclusions Intervention based on our 'E-Guide' is more useful and powerful than the conventional methods for glycemic control and self-care behavior among patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the association between serum reproductive hormone concentrations, dietary intakes and skeletal muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes. This cross-sectional study investigated 54 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (32 males) during the period between 2014 to 2018. All patients completed measurements of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentration (DHEA-S), skeletal muscle index (SMI) and dietary intakes at same period. Those who had adrenal tumor, thyroid cancer, and thyroid dysfunction were excluded. In the analysis, as a first-step, we conducted single regression analysis between age, DHEA-S, SMI, total energy and each macronutrient intakes. SMI was positively correlated with total energy and protein intakes. Interestingly, while protein intakes derived from animal foods were positively correlated with SMI, those from plant foods showed negative correlation. On the other hand, DHEA-S was positively correlated with SMI. Then, multiple regression analysis (MRS) was performed to examine the contributors to SMI (Table). MRS revealed the association of SMI with DHEA-S and protein intakes. Our data suggest that DHEA-S and protein intakes are the factors contribute to SMI in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Disclosure: S. Moyama: None. H. Kuwata: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Y. Hamamoto: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. D. Yabe: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott. Research Support; Self; Astellas Pharma Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk Inc., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Y. Seino: Research Support; Self; Arkray, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Terumo Medical Corporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Arterial stiffness is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and it is considered to be affected by dietary intake. However, few studies have examined the relationship between major dietary patterns and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) among Japanese middle-aged subjects. We studied whether major dietary patterns were associated with baPWV in this population.Methods and Study Design: Between 2009 and 2012, 70 Japanese middle-aged subjects (39 men and 31 women) with no history of stroke, coronary heart disease, or cancer were studied. Dietary intake was documented using a validated food-frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were generated using factor analysis. Correlational analyses were performed between baPWV and identified dietary patterns and between baPWV and individual risk factors (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], non- HDL-C, LDL/HDL ratio, and augmentation index).Results: Two dietary patterns were identified: a rice-rich pattern (high in rice, breads, oils and fats, meats, and confectionery) and a vegetable-rich pattern (high in vegetables, fruit, fish, and seaweed). The rice-rich pattern was not associated with baPWVor other risk factors. A significant inverse correlation was found between baPWV and the vegetable-rich dietary pattern (p<0.05).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of vegetables, seafood, seaweed, fruit, and pulse is inversely associated with arterial stiffness measured by baPWV. This diet offers an additional nutritional approach to the prevention and treatment of arterial stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Arterial stiffness is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and it is considered to be affected by dietary intake. However, few studies have examined the relationship between major dietary patterns and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) among Japanese middle-aged subjects. We studied whether major dietary patterns were associated with baPWV in this population., Methods and Study Design: Between 2009 and 2012, 70 Japanese middle-aged subjects (39 men and 31 women) with no history of stroke, coronary heart disease, or cancer were studied. Dietary intake was documented using a validated food-frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were generated using factor analysis. Correlational analyses were performed between baPWV and identified dietary patterns and between baPWV and individual risk factors (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], non- HDL-C, LDL/HDL ratio, and augmentation index)., Results: Two dietary patterns were identified: a rice-rich pattern (high in rice, breads, oils and fats, meats, and confectionery) and a vegetable-rich pattern (high in vegetables, fruit, fish, and seaweed). The rice-rich pattern was not associated with baPWVor other risk factors. A significant inverse correlation was found between baPWV and the vegetable-rich dietary pattern (p<0.05)., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of vegetables, seafood, seaweed, fruit, and pulse is inversely associated with arterial stiffness measured by baPWV. This diet offers an additional nutritional approach to the prevention and treatment of arterial stiffness.