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In this paper, the philosophy of post-phenomenology has been discussed. Post-phenomenology is a new approach in the philosophy of technology, which especially emphasizes the role of technology in changing human experiences and perceptions. First, the relationship between post-phenomenology and phenomenology and then the relationship between post-phenomenology and pragmatism is mentioned. It has been stated that post-phenomenology is a philosophy combined with pragmatism and classical phenomenology. Post-phenomenology, while retaining some features of classical phenomenology and setting aside some other features, including the emphasis on opposition to essentialism, has led to the philosophy being called a kind of pragmatic phenomenology. In the following, Post-phenomenological research methods are discussed, in this regard, methods are introduced and discussed, which include methods such as interviewing participants, observing participants, reporting first-person experiences, interviewing objects, and Robert Rosenberger's proposed method. All of these methods ultimately examine the relationship between humans and technologies and the changes that result from these relationships in different ways.

In this paper, we propose an analytical model for dimensioning of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems in 5G networks by considering Internet of Thing (IoT) application using stochastic geometry. In these systems, some communication is lost when the number of required subcarriers is greater than the number of the available subcarriers. We compute the upper bound of the lost communication probability for downlink. In such a system, the position of the receiving users is modeled by the Poisson point process (PPP). The number of subcarriers dedicated to each user depends on its Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), position and the shadowing, hence for calculating the number of subcarriers, it is needed to use stochastic geometry. Since the focus of our work is on IoT application in 5G networks, a multi-group user system with each group of users having its own application and throughput requirement is considered. For having dimensioning in terms of subcarriers, we present concentration inequality for functions defined on PPP to calculate the upper bound of loss probability. The performance of the upper bound in different range of user intensity is investigated.

The main purpose of this research was to study the theory of morality of things and technology agency based on the ideas of Paul Peter Verbeek and its implications in education. So, the inference method was used. First, the ideas of Verbeek have been examined and then its educational implications have been discussed. Based on the mediation theory in post-phenomenology, Verbeek believes that the two components of morality, i.e., intentionality and freedom which are required for moral action, are distributed between human and artifacts, that is, the artifacts are part of human's wills as well as the freedom of human. In his view, human has independence, but his independence is not complete. He mentions, among other things, persuasive technologies and Ambient intelligence as to how they motivate humans to make specific decisions and do specific actions. Human agency is combined with artifacts and technologies. According to the results of this research, the hybrid agency and ethical and influential role of technologies must also be considered in planning and decision making in education. The technological foundations of education must also be taken into consideration. Ethical education in the technological society needs to be reconsidered and rethought. The responsibility of designing instructional technologies would be much more important, so that instructional technologies could act as educational technologies. Given the role of persuasive technologies in shaping human behavior, these technologies could be used in shaping the behavior and habits of children and adolescents. And some parts of education could be left to the artifacts.

Replacement of labourers by robots and automation has been one of the oldest concerns in the labour market, and many people have attributed rising unemployment to the growth of innovation and technology. Some researchers have linked the impact of technology on employment to breadth and depth of markets. Available evidence suggests that the impact of innovation and technology on employment depends on the international competitiveness of countries and the quality of their workforce. Since the economic complexity index measures both exports and the level of available knowledge in economies, it can be a good candidate for considering the breadth and depth of markets. The present study examines the effect of economic complexity on unemployment by controlling for GDP and inflation and asks whether there is a level of innovation determining the relationship between the economic complexity and unemployment. For this purpose, we use a panel threshold regression for a period 2008- 2017. Findings show that the relationship between economic complexity and unemployment is non-linear. Moreover, there is the evidence of substitution of labour by robots when the innovation index is in the range of [0.456, 0.493).

This study was conducted to compare the social adjustment of the mothers with transsexual children with that of mothers with normal kids in order to find out the negative impacts of having a trans child on social adjustment of mothers. This research had a causal-comparative design. The statistical population of the study comprised mothers with trans children referred to Tehran Psychiatric Institute as well as mothers of normal kids studying at Sina Educational Center, Tehran. The study sample included 80 mothers (40 mothers having trans children and 40 mothers having normal kids studying at middle and high schools). In the present study, the Weissman & Paykel Social Adjustment Scale was utilized which probed social adjustment in six role areas comprising daily work, social and leisure activities, relationships with extended family, role as a marital partner, parental role, and role within the family unit, including perceptions about economic functioning. The result showed that there was a significant difference between social adjustment of mothers with trans children and that of mothers with normal kids (P=0.001). Results of one-way ANOVA demonstrated that there was no significant relationship between the demographic variables, i.e., children’s age, mothers’ age, the length of marriage, mothers’ education level, number of children, and birth order, and social adjustment of mothers with trans kids. Based on the research findings, it can be stated that the social adjustment of mothers with trans children is lower than that of mothers with normal kids.

The respiratory consequences of acute COVID‐19 infection and related symptoms tend to resolve 4 weeks post‐infection. However, for some patients, new, recurrent, or persisting symptoms remain beyond the acute phase and persist for months, post‐infection. The symptoms that remain have been referred to as long‐COVID. A number of research sites employed 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the pandemic and evaluated patients post‐infection, months after hospitalization or home‐based care as a way to better understand the consequences of infection on 129Xe MR gas‐exchange and ventilation imaging. A systematic review and comprehensive search were employed using MEDLINE via PubMed (April 2023) using the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings and key words: post‐COVID‐19, MRI, 129Xe, long‐COVID, COVID pneumonia, and post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome. Fifteen peer‐reviewed manuscripts were identified including four editorials, a single letter to the editor, one review article, and nine original research manuscripts (2020–2023). MRI and MR spectroscopy results are summarized from these prospective, controlled studies, which involved small sample sizes ranging from 9 to 76 participants. Key findings included: 1) 129Xe MRI gas‐exchange and ventilation abnormalities, 3 months post‐COVID‐19 infection, and 2) a combination of MRI gas‐exchange and ventilation abnormalities alongside persistent symptoms in patients hospitalized and not hospitalized for COVID‐19, 1‐year post‐infection. The persistence of respiratory symptoms and 129Xe MRI abnormalities in the context of normal or nearly normal pulmonary function test results and chest computed tomography (CT) was consistent. Longitudinal improvements were observed in long‐term follow‐up of long‐COVID patients but mean 129Xe gas‐exchange, ventilation heterogeneity values and symptoms remained abnormal, 1‐year post‐infection. Pulmonary functional MRI using inhaled hyperpolarized 129Xe gas has played a role in detecting gas‐exchange and ventilation abnormalities providing complementary information that may help develop our understanding of the root causes of long‐COVID. Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Gender dysphoria is a disorder that causes problems for families and societies. This research compared the level of social adjustment between mothers of transgender children and mothers of normal children. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether having a transgender child has or has not a negative effect on social adjustment of mothers. This research compared the level of social adjustment between mothers of transgender children and mothers of normal children. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether having a transgender child has or has not a negative effect on social adjustment of mothers. Materials and methods: In a case-control study 80 mothers with transgender teenagers (n= 40) and normal children (n= 40) were randomly selected from those attending Tehran Psychiatry Institute. The Social Adjustment Scale (Weissman & Paykel) was used which investigates social adjustment in seven main areas. Results: The results showed a significant difference between social adjustment in mothers of transgender children and mothers of normal children (P

A suboptimum search algorithm that considers the users' power profile in conjunction with a primary stage of polynomial-expanded (PE) linear muitinser detector for mobile uplink is proposed to suppress interference level. The initial stage is improved by mathematical analysis using two new ideas based on the Rayleigh--Ritz and Gershgorin theorems for both synchronous and asynchronous users. The performance of the PE structure is further enhanced by a new suboptimum search algorithm as the second stage. The structure of the search algorithm is based on starting from a point close to the optimum search and performing sequential steps to modify it. The proposed structures of the PE method and the suboptimum search algorithm are well suited together and make them collaboratively work without encountering a high level of complexity, since they use similar information as the correlation matrix. The power profile of the users is also considered in the suboptimum search algorithm, which led to more than a 50% reduction of the complexity, while keeping the performance almost the same. The performance of the final structure is carried out by means of computer simulations, and it has been compared to a partial parallel interference cancellation method with optimized partial coefficients. One of the main features of the structure proposed in this paper is that it performs its operations on the canonical formulation of the system, which makes it highly suitable for a broad range of systems such as multicarrier code division multiple access and multiinput multioutput. Index Terms--Direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA), polynomial-expanded (PE) multiuser detection (MUD), suboptimum search algorithm.

The main purpose of this research is to introduce, study and analyze the philosophical and educational ideas of Bernard Stigler, the contemporary philosopher of technology. Drawing on the findings of French anthropologist Leroi Gourhan, Stiegler claims that human evolution took place through tools and technology. He believes that through the use of tools, the human brain evolved and the human being became what it is today. According to Stiegler, technologies are passed on to the next generations in the form of epiphylogenetic retention and provide the basis for human evolution and progress. Also, digital technologies today create a kind of proletariat through weakening life skills. Stiegler also believes that digital technologies are destroying the "attention" of young people and adolescents, and these technologies are even changing the brains of young people and their way of thinking. The results of this study show that, according to Stiegler's philosophy, attention to technology has significant implications for the anthropological foundations of education. Hyper attenton can occur in the virtual education we are dealing with today. According to Stiegler, the proletarianization can be seen in today's education, especially in the domain of commercial education. Given the deterioration of attention in today's world, it is necessary to consider the necessary skills on how to manage and control "attention" in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explain the place of individual as well as the ways to maintain individuality in education according to the ideas of existential thinkers. Putting emphasis on individuality could be taken as one of the most significant basics of existential philosophy. Existential philosophy has been applied widely in various fields including education. The existential thinkers believe that today the individuality of human being has been lost among the masses and it has been invaded. This study, by applying the comparative analysis method and philosophical inquiry, recommends that the teacher should establish a one to one interaction with students through a Socratic method and s/he should provide the background for students to become self. This goal could be achieved through methods such as changing the teacher-students pattern of interaction to teacher-student, decreasing the number of students in a classroom, taking the standpoint of students by the teacher so that the teacher is able to reach an improved understanding of the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale and Objectives: Hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI quantifies ventilation-defect-percent (VDP), the ratio of 129 Xe signal-void to the anatomic 1 H MRI thoracic-cavity-volume. VDP is associated with airway inflammation and disease control and serves as a treatable trait in therapy studies. Semi-automated VDP pipelines require time-intensive observer interactions. Current convolutional neural network (CNN) approaches for quantifying VDP lack external validation, which limits multicenter utilization. Our objective was to develop an automated and externally validated deep-learning pipeline to quantify pulmonary 129 Xe MRI VDP., Materials and Methods: 1 H and 129 Xe MRI data from the primary site (Site1) were used to train and test a CNN segmentation and registration pipeline, while two independent sites (Site2 and Site3) provided external validation. Semi-automated and CNN-based registration error was measured using mean-absolute-error (MAE) while segmentation error was measured using generalized-Dice-similarity coefficient (gDSC). CNN and semi-automated VDP were compared using linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis., Results: Training/testing used data from 205 participants (healthy volunteers, asthma, COPD, long-COVID; mean age=54 ± 16y; 119 females) from Site1. External validation used data from 71 participants. CNN and semi-automated 1 H and 129 Xe registrations agreed (MAE=0.3°, R 2 =0.95 rotation; 1.1%, R 2 =0.79 scaling; 0.2/0.5px, R 2 =0.96/0.95, x/y-translation; all p < .001). Thoracic-cavity and ventilation segmentations were also spatially corresponding (gDSC=0.92 and 0.88, respectively). CNN VDP correlated with semi-automated VDP (Site1 R 2 /ρ = .97/.95, bias=-0.5%; Site2 R 2 /ρ = .85/.93, bias=-0.9%; Site3 R 2 /ρ = .95/.89, bias=-0.8%, all p < .001)., Conclusion: An externally validated CNN registration/segmentation model demonstrated strong agreement with low error compared to the semi-automated method. CNN and semi-automated registrations, thoracic-cavity-volume and ventilation-volume segmentations were highly correlated with high gDSC for the datasets., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The respiratory consequences of acute COVID-19 infection and related symptoms tend to resolve 4 weeks post-infection. However, for some patients, new, recurrent, or persisting symptoms remain beyond the acute phase and persist for months, post-infection. The symptoms that remain have been referred to as long-COVID. A number of research sites employed 129 Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the pandemic and evaluated patients post-infection, months after hospitalization or home-based care as a way to better understand the consequences of infection on 129 Xe MR gas-exchange and ventilation imaging. A systematic review and comprehensive search were employed using MEDLINE via PubMed (April 2023) using the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings and key words: post-COVID-19, MRI, 129 Xe, long-COVID, COVID pneumonia, and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Fifteen peer-reviewed manuscripts were identified including four editorials, a single letter to the editor, one review article, and nine original research manuscripts (2020-2023). MRI and MR spectroscopy results are summarized from these prospective, controlled studies, which involved small sample sizes ranging from 9 to 76 participants. Key findings included: 1) 129 Xe MRI gas-exchange and ventilation abnormalities, 3 months post-COVID-19 infection, and 2) a combination of MRI gas-exchange and ventilation abnormalities alongside persistent symptoms in patients hospitalized and not hospitalized for COVID-19, 1-year post-infection. The persistence of respiratory symptoms and 129 Xe MRI abnormalities in the context of normal or nearly normal pulmonary function test results and chest computed tomography (CT) was consistent. Longitudinal improvements were observed in long-term follow-up of long-COVID patients but mean 129 Xe gas-exchange, ventilation heterogeneity values and symptoms remained abnormal, 1-year post-infection. Pulmonary functional MRI using inhaled hyperpolarized 129 Xe gas has played a role in detecting gas-exchange and ventilation abnormalities providing complementary information that may help develop our understanding of the root causes of long-COVID. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)