Search

BACKGROUND: Sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is one of the most destructive pests to an extensive range of crops and vegetables. Pesticide‐dependent management programs have led to severe health problems, including pesticide poisoning and cancer in human beings, as well as pesticide resistance in insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are considered safe and highly effective against many pests. Therefore, identifying the pathogenicity and virulence of EPFs against Bemisia tabaci is a valuable addition to the management of their infestations. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of conidia suspensions of Aschersonia aleyrodis, Isaria fumosorosea, Beauveria bassiana, and Akanthomyces muscarius (= Lecanicillium muscarium) against nymphal stages of Bemisia tabaci in cucumber seedlings under both optimal and suboptimal conditions. RESULTS: All of the EPFs demonstrated significant ovicidal effects, with the highest cumulative mortalities observed in Aschersonia aleyrodis (96.46%) and I. fumosorosea‐treated (94.60%) seedlings against host eggs and crawlers. Similarly, in the L4‐instars experiment, Aschersonia aleyrodis and I. fumosorosea were the most efficient, resulting in cumulative mortalities of 94.82% and 94.75%, respectively. However, Bemisia tabaci cumulative mortalities on seedlings treated with Akanthomyces muscarius (78.36%) and Beauveria bassiana (85.90%) were also significantly different from untreated seedlings (7.10%). Under suboptimal relative humidity (RH) conditions (≤ 45% RH), Aschersonia aleyrodis exhibited greater tolerance to harsh conditions, causing a significantly higher infection rate in L1–L2 nymphs (~92%) compared to the approximately 32% infected young nymphs observed in I. fumosorosea‐treated seedlings. CONCLUSION: All the selected EPF were more effective against the young nymphal instars. Our results also highlight the efficacy of Aschersonia aleyrodis under suboptimal conditions. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species feeding lower at the food web like cyprinids (carp) are often advocated for sustainable aquaculture. However, their gastrointestinal biology (lack of stomach) has limited their acid‐peptic digestion, acid lysis of plants and invertebrate tissues, and phosphorus uptake. This review presents data from 118 articles on the use of plant‐based feed additives (PFAs) in Cyprinus carpio (common carp). Our review shows that most PFA research in carp is focused on improving feed and nutrient utilization efficiency along various levels (in vivo digestibility, metabolizability to in situ nutrient loading), while other half is focused on ensuring animal welfare standards (biomass, immunity, welfare). Several reviewed plant‐based additives however tend to do both. The PFAs include essential oils (EOs), plant‐part extracts (PPEs), medicinal plants (herbs) and spices. The effective inclusion rate of EOs is lower (0.5%–0.75%). Whereas PPEs, herbs and spices work at a generic inclusion rate of 2%–5% in carp feeds. Even at an optimum inclusion rate, there are factors controlling PFAs efficacy such as methods of preparation (reviewed). PFAs like lemon beebrush, geranium, dill, Rosemary pepper and common mallow with/without certain pre‐conditions are better to avoid in cyprinid diets. Although certain PFAs may potentially alter organoleptic qualities of carp flesh or might assist in training carp immunity, information on these aspects is limited. The review also provides a quick guide to researchers and feed companies interested in exploring the potential of PFAs in C. carpio aquaculture. Potential PFAs that could be valuable for cyprinids, but not yet explored are also listed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass losses and circularity of aquaculture farm‐to‐fork are reviewed in this article, taking the example of an economically developed but land‐locked territory in Central Europe. We found that some waste valorization channels of locally farmed and slaughtered fish biomass are already functioning in the region (mostly for pet food, hunting bait). There is neither control nor information on how much local aquaculture farm‐to‐fork losses are upcycled to the local human food chain. Despite most of them qualify in 'category‐3' animal by‐products (useable for aquafeed) or preventable losses. Factors to improve farm‐to‐fork resource use efficiency 'locally' include: (a) 'at farm' (supplementary feeding, captive culture conditions, fat content, breed, rested harvest techniques, harvesting season); (b) 'towards fork' (purging duration, acclimatization before slaughtering, stunning efficacy, bleeding and filleting relative to rigour mortis, additive‐based cleaning, pre‐cooling, boned or deboned, grinding or baadering); (c) 'at fork' (coating‐ or GRAS additives‐based preservation, packaging, modern hurdle systems, freezing rate, interferences of freezing apparatus or packaging on freezing, storage temperature). From farm‐to‐fork, it is essential to understand that most fish processing by‐products can be made edible or valuable by other means. Better utilization strategies exist via low‐cost value‐added fish products, innovative dishes or utility products (e.g., feedstuff, fertilizers, industrial products, luxury items). Although upcycling to human food chain is priority, technological hurdles (prone to spoilage, bones in product, taste, safety) are associated with edible products but are solvable. More difficult things to overcome are at the fork (culinary industry, communication with society, future generations). Those are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this review are to describe the role of 'blue‐food production' (animals, plants and algae harvested from freshwater and marine environments) within a circular bioeconomy, discuss how such a framework can help the sustainability and resilience of aquaculture and to summarise key examples of novel nutrient sources that are emerging in the field of fed‐aquaculture species. Aquaculture now provides >50% of the global seafood supply, a share that is expected to increase to at least 60% within the next decade. Aquaculture is an important tool for reducing resource consumption in global protein production and increasing resilience to climate change and other global disruptions (i.e. pandemics, geo‐political instability). Importantly, blue foods also provide essential nutrition for a growing human population. Blue foods are helping to help the global goal of 'zero hunger' (United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 2) while reducing the dependency on finite natural resources but further refinement and new solutions are needed to make the industry more 'circular' and sustainable, particularly with respect to sourcing raw materials for aquafeeds. This review describes the feed resources that are available or may be created within a circular bioeconomy framework, their role within the framework and in aquaculture and ultimately, how these resources contribute to de‐risking and establishing a resilient aquaculture production chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]