384 results on '"Mruthyunjaya, P"'
Search Results
2. RNAseq-based transcriptomics of treatment-naïve multi-inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) demonstrates predominant activation of matrisome, innate and humoral immune pathways
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Patnaik, Sibabratta, Mruthyunjaya, Prakashini, Murmu, Krushna Chandra, Mahapatra, Soumendu, Patro, A. Raj Kumar, Misra, Ramnath, Pati, Sanghamitra, Prasad, Punit, and Ahmed, Sakir
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- 2024
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3. People with osteoarthritis have a higher component of neuropathic pain as compared to those with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study
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Mahajan, Ayush, Mruthyunjaya, Prakashini, Padhee, Sourav, and Ahmed, Sakir
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- 2024
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4. Diagnostic delays in systemic vasculitides
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Auanassova, Akerke, Yessirkepov, Marlen, Zimba, Olena, Ahmed, Sakir, and Mruthyunjaya, Prakashini
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- 2024
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5. Rethinking Language Models as Symbolic Knowledge Graphs
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Mruthyunjaya, Vishwas, Pezeshkpour, Pouya, Hruschka, Estevam, and Bhutani, Nikita
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Symbolic knowledge graphs (KGs) play a pivotal role in knowledge-centric applications such as search, question answering and recommendation. As contemporary language models (LMs) trained on extensive textual data have gained prominence, researchers have extensively explored whether the parametric knowledge within these models can match up to that present in knowledge graphs. Various methodologies have indicated that enhancing the size of the model or the volume of training data enhances its capacity to retrieve symbolic knowledge, often with minimal or no human supervision. Despite these advancements, there is a void in comprehensively evaluating whether LMs can encompass the intricate topological and semantic attributes of KGs, attributes crucial for reasoning processes. In this work, we provide an exhaustive evaluation of language models of varying sizes and capabilities. We construct nine qualitative benchmarks that encompass a spectrum of attributes including symmetry, asymmetry, hierarchy, bidirectionality, compositionality, paths, entity-centricity, bias and ambiguity. Additionally, we propose novel evaluation metrics tailored for each of these attributes. Our extensive evaluation of various LMs shows that while these models exhibit considerable potential in recalling factual information, their ability to capture intricate topological and semantic traits of KGs remains significantly constrained. We note that our proposed evaluation metrics are more reliable in evaluating these abilities than the existing metrics. Lastly, some of our benchmarks challenge the common notion that larger LMs (e.g., GPT-4) universally outshine their smaller counterparts (e.g., BERT).
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- 2023
6. Revisiting articular syndrome in the peri-pandemic COVID-19 era
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Bekaryssova, Dana, Mruthyunjaya Vijaya, Prakashini, Ahmed, Sakir, Sondur, Suhas, and Zimba, Olena
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- 2023
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7. Conjunctival blue nevus in a child – Case report and review of literature
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Yasser Yahya, Purna Nangia, Hunain Ahmad, Rachel L. Frauches, Jonathan H. Lin, and Prithvi Mruthyunjaya
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Anterior segment optical coherence tomography ,Blue ,Nevus ,Conjunctiva ,Histopathology ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Purpose: To report a rare case of a conjunctival blue nevus in a child. Observations: A 10-year-old girl underwent an excisional biopsy for an atypical growing melanocytic conjunctival lesion. The diagnosis of a conjunctival blue nevus was confirmed on histopathology. We describe the histopathology and the anterior segment optical coherence tomography features of a blue nevus in a 10-year-old child along with a review of literature. Conclusion and importance: Conjunctival blue nevus is rare and has rarely been reported in a child. Multimodal imaging may help document lesion progression. This condition should remain in the differential for a growing, pigmented conjunctival lesion.
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- 2024
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8. A mystery choroidal mass
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Kapil Mishra and Prithvi Mruthyunjaya
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Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Published
- 2024
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9. ARTICULAR SYNDROME IN THE ELDERLY: COMMON DIFFERENTIALS AND CHALLENGES
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Prakashini Mruthyunjaya and Manvitha Nadella
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articular syndrome ,geriatrics ,multimorbidity ,arthritis ,Medicine - Abstract
Articular syndrome includes a spectrum of inflammatory and non-inflammatory joint involvement ranging from arthralgia to arthritis. Its phenotype, differentials and management differ slightly in the elderly, considering the added effect of physiological changes with ageing, comorbidity and multimorbidity. This review aims to provide an overview of the common differentials of articular syndrome in the elderly, including the inflammatory and degenerative causes. The common inflammatory arthritis in the elderly includes late-onset rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, paraneoplastic arthritis, crystal arthropathies, and systemic vasculitis, including ANCA-associated vasculitis, to name a few. The non-inflammatory articular syndromes in this age group predominantly include osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. There are also evident alterations in the gut microbiome associated with inflammatory arthritis and with physiological ageing and osteoarthritis, which have possible mechanistic significance. The management aspect in the geriatric population comes with challenges of addressing multimorbidity, polypharmacy, drug interactions, and not just disease activity. An integrated approach with effective physical therapy, and vocational activities, tailored to each patient is essential for optimal management.
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- 2023
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10. Artificial Intelligence Improves Patient Follow-Up in a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program
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Dow ER, Chen KM, Zhao CS, Knapp AN, Phadke A, Weng K, Do DV, Mahajan VB, Mruthyunjaya P, Leng T, and Myung D
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telemedicine ,teleophthalmology ,fundus photography ,deep learning ,machine learning ,referral ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Eliot R Dow,1– 3 Karen M Chen,1 Cindy S Zhao,1 Austen N Knapp,1 Anuradha Phadke,4 Kirsti Weng,4 Diana V Do,1 Vinit B Mahajan,1 Prithvi Mruthyunjaya,1 Theodore Leng,1 David Myung1,2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Durham, NC, USA; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USACorrespondence: David Myung, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA, Tel +1 650 723-6995, Email djmyung@stanford.eduPurpose: We examine the rate of and reasons for follow-up in an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based workflow for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening relative to two human-based workflows.Patients and Methods: A DR screening program initiated September 2019 between one institution and its affiliated primary care and endocrinology clinics screened 2243 adult patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes without a diagnosis of DR in the previous year in the San Francisco Bay Area. For patients who screened positive for more-than-mild-DR (MTMDR), rates of follow-up were calculated under a store-and-forward human-based DR workflow (“Human Workflow”), an AI-based workflow involving IDx-DR (“AI Workflow”), and a two-step hybrid workflow (“AI–Human Hybrid Workflow”). The AI Workflow provided same-day results, whereas the other workflows took 1– 5 days. Patients were surveyed by phone about follow-up decisions.Results: Under the AI Workflow, 279 patients screened positive for MTMDR. Of these, 69.2% followed up with an ophthalmologist within 90 days. Altogether 70.5% (N=48) of patients who followed up chose their location based on primary care referral. Under the Human Workflow and AI–Human Hybrid Workflow, 12.0% (N=14/117) and 11.7% (N=12/103) of patients with a referrable screening result followed up compared to 35.5% of patients under the AI Workflow (N=99/279; χ2df=2 = 36.70, p < 0.00000001).Conclusion: Ophthalmology follow-up after a positive DR screening result is approximately three-fold higher under the AI Workflow than either the Human Workflow or AI–Human Hybrid Workflow. Improved follow-up behavior may be due to the decreased time to screening result.Keywords: telemedicine, teleophthalmology, fundus photography, deep learning, machine learning, referral
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- 2023
11. Endogenous Fusarium Endophthalmitis after Bone Marrow Transplant: A Case Report and Literature Review
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Cindy S. Zhao, Karen Wai, Eubee B. Koo, Ehsan Rahimy, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Vinit B. Mahajan, and Charles M. T. DeBoer
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endophthalmitis ,fungemia ,Fusarium ,antifungal ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Purpose: We aim to present a case of disseminated fusariosis that occurred in the setting of immunosuppression and presented with bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis, along with a literature review of Fusarium endophthalmitis, highlighting management strategies. Observation: A 70-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia who had recently undergone a bone marrow transplant noted bilateral floaters and decreased vision. He was found to have bilateral Fusarium endophthalmitis, with subsequent evidence of fungemia and fusariosis in his skin and joints. Despite aggressive local and systemic treatment, he succumbed to the disease. Endophthalmitis was initially stabilized with pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal amphotericin and voriconazole until the patient transitioned to comfort measures. A review of 31 cases demonstrates that outcomes are poor and that the disease must be treated aggressively, often both systemically and surgically. Conclusion: This case highlights the recalcitrance of Fusarium bacteremia and Fusarium endophthalmitis.
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- 2024
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12. Improved Robust ASR for Social Robots in Public Spaces
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Jankowski, Charles, Mruthyunjaya, Vishwas, and Lin, Ruixi
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Sound - Abstract
Social robots deployed in public spaces present a challenging task for ASR because of a variety of factors, including noise SNR of 20 to 5 dB. Existing ASR models perform well for higher SNRs in this range, but degrade considerably with more noise. This work explores methods for providing improved ASR performance in such conditions. We use the AiShell-1 Chinese speech corpus and the Kaldi ASR toolkit for evaluations. We were able to exceed state-of-the-art ASR performance with SNR lower than 20 dB, demonstrating the feasibility of achieving relatively high performing ASR with open-source toolkits and hundreds of hours of training data, which is commonly available.
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- 2020
13. Artificial Intelligence-Human Hybrid Workflow Enhances Teleophthalmology for the Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy
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Eliot R. Dow, MD, PhD, Nergis C. Khan, BS, Karen M. Chen, BS, Kapil Mishra, MD, Chandrashan Perera, MD, Ramsudha Narala, MD, Marina Basina, MD, Jimmy Dang, BSN, Michael Kim, MD, Marcie Levine, MD, Anuradha Phadke, MD, Marilyn Tan, MD, Kirsti Weng, MD, Diana V. Do, MD, Darius M. Moshfeghi, MD, Vinit B. Mahajan, MD, PhD, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD, MHS, Theodore Leng, MD, MS, and David Myung, MD, PhD
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Artificial intelligence ,Deep learning ,Diabetic retinopathy ,Human-in-the-loop ,Teleophthalmology ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Objective: Detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) outside of specialized eye care settings is an important means of access to vision-preserving health maintenance. Remote interpretation of fundus photographs acquired in a primary care or other nonophthalmic setting in a store-and-forward manner is a predominant paradigm of teleophthalmology screening programs. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based image interpretation offers an alternative means of DR detection. IDx-DR (Digital Diagnostics Inc) is a Food and Drug Administration-authorized autonomous testing device for DR. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of IDx-DR compared with human-based teleophthalmology over 2 and a half years. Additionally, we evaluated an AI-human hybrid workflow that combines AI-system evaluation with human expert-based assessment for referable cases. Design: Prospective cohort study and retrospective analysis. Participants: Diabetic patients ≥ 18 years old without a prior DR diagnosis or DR examination in the past year presenting for routine DR screening in a primary care clinic. Methods: Macula-centered and optic nerve-centered fundus photographs were evaluated by an AI algorithm followed by consensus-based overreading by retina specialists at the Stanford Ophthalmic Reading Center. Detection of more-than-mild diabetic retinopathy (MTMDR) was compared with in-person examination by a retina specialist. Main Outcome Measures: Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and gradability achieved by the AI algorithm and retina specialists. Results: The AI algorithm had higher sensitivity (95.5% sensitivity; 95% confidence interval [CI], 86.7%–100%) but lower specificity (60.3% specificity; 95% CI, 47.7%–72.9%) for detection of MTMDR compared with remote image interpretation by retina specialists (69.5% sensitivity; 95% CI, 50.7%–88.3%; 96.9% specificity; 95% CI, 93.5%–100%). Gradability of encounters was also lower for the AI algorithm (62.5%) compared with retina specialists (93.1%). A 2-step AI-human hybrid workflow in which the AI algorithm initially rendered an assessment followed by overread by a retina specialist of MTMDR-positive encounters resulted in a sensitivity of 95.5% (95% CI, 86.7%–100%) and a specificity of 98.2% (95% CI, 94.6%–100%). Similarly, a 2-step overread by retina specialists of AI-ungradable encounters improved gradability from 63.5% to 95.6% of encounters. Conclusions: Implementation of an AI-human hybrid teleophthalmology workflow may both decrease reliance on human specialist effort and improve diagnostic accuracy. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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- 2023
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14. Agricultural research and education: new ideology and innovations
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Mruthyunjaya
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- 2022
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15. Evaluation of sowing dates for managing yellow mosaic disease caused by mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in mungbean
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Swamy, Shobharani Mruthyunjaya, Sandra, Nagamani, Lal, Sandeep Kumar, Kumar, Atul, Dikshit, Harsh Kumar, Mandal, Bikash, and Munshi, A. D.
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- 2023
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16. Rare benign median nerve angiogenetic lipofibromatous hamartoma: A case report
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Doddabasappa Mruthyunjaya Talak, Ugrappa Harish, Sanchi Bharathkrishna, and Kumar Akash
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lipofibromatous hamartoma (lfh) ,median nerve ,angiogenesis ,carpal tunnel syndrome ,short tau inversion recovery (stir) ,Medicine - Abstract
Only a few cases of lipofibromatous hamartoma (LFH) of the median nerve have been described in the literature. LFH is a rare and low growing benign fibro-fatty tumour. It is characterised by the proliferation of mature adipocytes within the epineurium and the perineurium of the peripheral nerves. The median nerve is most frequently affected in the upper extremities. Carpal tunnel syndrome, paraesthesia, numbness and pain are frequently the results of involvement of the median nerve. In presented case, in addition to fibrolipoma, there was also new blood vessel formation noted, which was attributed to the chronicity of the lesion. Diagnosis was missed by ultrasound and MRI due to the presence of blood vessels. Histopathological diagnosis was confirmed. Surgical treatment with carpal tunnel release and neurolysis were performed. This resulted in favourable outcome in 3 months.
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- 2023
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17. Are we really improving the quality of life after hemiarthroplasty of the hip in the elderly? An observational study
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T Adarsh, Mruthyunjaya, C S Likhit, and Nawab Akthar Khan
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activities of daily living ,elderly ,hemiarthroplasty ,quality of life ,world health organization quality of life-brief version ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Introduction: Hip fractures are the major cause of disability and functional impairment in the elderly. Studies have correlated the results from treating femoral neck fractures; however, little has been described the quality of life (QOL) after hemiarthroplasty in these patients. Objective: An assessment of physical, psychological, social relationships, and environmental domains of QOL after hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients and to analyze the postsurgical impact on the activity of daily living and functional outcome of the hip. Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted on 100 elderly patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty. The hip function was scored with the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and activities of daily living were rated by the Barthel Index. Health-related QOL was rated by the World Health Organization QOL: Brief version applied before and 6 months after surgery. Results: There was fair to good HHS and decreased dependency in the activities of daily living with preserved function by the end of 6 months. Postsurgery ambulation showed that 30% of them used a walker for ambulation due to fear of falls. QOL improved but did not return to presurgery levels. The psychological domain was the most affected, followed by the environmental and social domains. Conclusion: Results showed the need for improvisation of various aspects of postoperative care such as designated rehabilitation protocols, fall clinics, psychotherapy and relaxation, and geriatric care for associated comorbidities. Implementing such a comprehensive specialty care approach along with good surgery will improve the QOL to presurgical level.
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- 2023
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18. Almond gum assisted synthesis of Mg doped Fe2O3 NPs: Structural analysis, electrochemical sensing, and optical applications
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Madanakumara Hanumanthappa, Jayanna Halepoojar Siddalingappa, Yellamagad Channabasaveshwara, Soundeswaran Sundararajan, Mruthyunjaya Vishwas, Shyamala Kurki Srinivasaiah, Surendra Boppanahalli Siddegowda, and Basavaraju Nandeesh
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Mg doped Fe2O3 photocatalyst ,Green combustion ,Electrochemical analysis ,Photocatalysis ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Mg-doped Fe2O3 nanoparticles (M-FNPs) are successfully prepared first time by facile green-aided (almond gum) combustion route. The structural analysis of synthesized nanoparticles was well analyzed by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and UV-Visible spectral studies. PXRD showed a nanocrystalline nature and determined the average particle size to be 85 nm. The surface morphologies of the prepared nanocomposite was measured by SEM technique reveals the porous and spongy like structure. The photodegradation activity on 20 × 10−6 of Fast Orange Red (FOR) organic model dye using M-FNPs (50 mg) under UV light irradiation was investigatedin detail. Electrochemical examination of the prepared material was conducted using graphite–M-FNP electrode paste in 0.1 M KCl solution, and its performance in redox reaction was determined to be very good via cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Further, an extension to sensor studies revealed broad differences in redox positions for paracetamol sensors, at 0.64 V and 0.41 V, confirming highly chemical sensor activity in alkaline medium for 1∼5 mM concentrations.
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- 2022
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19. A brain tumor identification using convolution neural network and fully convolution neural network
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Mruthyunjaya and Mandala Suresh Kumar
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Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Brain tumor identification, along with an investigation, is harmful to the patient. Segmentation, therefore, of paying attention to near-neighborhood growth remains accurate, effective, and healthy. Fully Convolution Neural Network (FCNN) is a reliable picture model to capitulate the hide quality. The form of the multifaceted with the incessant pixels taught with the crest state and the symbolic picture taught. In this research, the making of a totally convoluted method to obtain the participation of a random element and the production of correspondingly large-scale output with a resourceful assumption and information.. The approach has had several difficulties, as measurements are accurate for a variety of images. The improvement in the mortality rate of the programmed order is a critical condition. The scheduling of the mind tumor is an exceedingly troublesome task in the exceptional spatial and basic fluctuation that accompanies the local brain tumor. In this research, a programmed detection of Brain tumors proposed using the characterization of CNN. The most critical method of construction is the completion of the use of small holes. CNN's has less predictability and 97.5 accuracies.
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- 2024
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20. Multi-Layer Ensembling Techniques for Multilingual Intent Classification
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Costello, Charles, Lin, Ruixi, Mruthyunjaya, Vishwas, Bolla, Bettina, and Jankowski, Charles
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
In this paper we determine how multi-layer ensembling improves performance on multilingual intent classification. We develop a novel multi-layer ensembling approach that ensembles both different model initializations and different model architectures. We also introduce a new banking domain dataset and compare results against the standard ATIS dataset and the Chinese SMP2017 dataset to determine ensembling performance in multilingual and multi-domain contexts. We run ensemble experiments across all three datasets, and conclude that ensembling provides significant performance increases, and that multi-layer ensembling is a no-risk way to improve performance on intent classification. We also find that a diverse ensemble of simple models can reach perform comparable to much more sophisticated state-of-the-art models. Our best F 1 scores on ATIS, Banking, and SMP are 97.54%, 91.79%, and 93.55% respectively, which compare well with the state-of-the-art on ATIS and best submission to the SMP2017 competition. The total ensembling performance increases we achieve are 0.23%, 1.96%, and 4.04% F 1 respectively.
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- 2018
21. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Escalating Intravenous Infusions of Lignocaine and Ketamine in Reducing Pain and Disability for Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study
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GS Ashwini, RS Deepak, Mruthyunjaya Nagaraj, and K Bhavyashree
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chronic pain ,electrocardiogram ,numerical rating scale ,postinfusion ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, disability, sleep, memory and mood issues. The pain of fibromyalgia is difficult to manage and has no complete remission. While there is no cure for fibromyalgia, a variety of medications have been tried to minimise symptoms and improve general health. Hence, a trial was conducted to evaluate lignocaine and ketamine as pharmacological modalities to treat fibromyalgia. Aim: To evaluate effectiveness of intravenous (i.v.) lignocaine-ketamine infusions in reducing pain and disability in fibromyalgia syndrome. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India, between March 2021 and March 2022, on patients aged between 18-60 years diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome. Sixty patients were included in the study. Escalating doses of i.v. lignocaine of 5 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg and 7 mg/kg followed by escalating doses of i.v. ketamine of 0.4 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg were administered on alternate days over a period of 12 days. Infusions were given in 50 mL normal saline through syringe pump over a period of 45 minutes. Pre and postinfusion 11 point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score was used to assess pain and World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 score to assess disability. Data are presented as mean and standard deviation. Statistical analysis was done by using the t-test for pre and post-treatment score, with a p-value
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- 2023
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22. Endoscopic enucleation and clinicopathologic correlation of a small choroidal melanoma hiding massive extrascleral extension
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Michael D. Yu, Bryce Chiang, Malini Veerappan Pasricha, Benjamin P. Erickson, and Prithvi Mruthyunjaya
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Choroid ,Melanoma ,Extraocular extension ,Metastasis ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Purpose: To report the unusual case of a previously stable choroidal nevus, closely followed for over 15 years, which underwent malignant transformation into small choroidal melanoma with massive extrascleral extension. Observations: A 67-year-old Caucasian female was referred to the Stanford Ocular Oncology Service with concern for malignant transformation of a previously stable choroidal nevus in her left eye. Her funduscopic examination demonstrated a dome-shaped choroidal lesion with overlying associated lipofuscin and subretinal fluid, consistent with a diagnosis of small choroidal melanoma. By B-scan ultrasonography, the lesion measured 8.0 × 6.0 mm in base and 2.1 mm in thickness. B-scan ultrasonography also disclosed an associated retroscleral mass, which appeared contiguous with the intraocular melanoma and was confirmed on subsequent orbital magnetic resonance imaging. A decision was made to proceed with enucleation. Under direct endoscopic visualization, the globe and extrascleral mass were fully isolated, mobilized, and removed in toto. At 24 months post-enucleation, the patient remains disease-free without evidence of systemic metastasis or local recurrence. Conclusions/importance: This case describes a small choroidal melanoma hiding massive extrascleral extension, underscoring the value of B-scan ultrasonography. This case also describes the unique management of choroidal melanoma with extrascleral extension using endoscopic enucleation. Performing enucleation under direct endoscopic visualization ensures complete resection and prevents inadvertent transection of the extrascleral component.
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- 2023
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23. 15-Gene Expression Profile and PRAME as Integrated Prognostic Test for Uveal Melanoma: First Report of Collaborative Ocular Oncology Group Study No. 2 (COOG2.1).
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Harbour, J. William, Correa, Zelia M., Schefler, Amy C., Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi, Materin, Miguel A., Aaberg Jr, Thomas A., Skalet, Alison H., Reichstein, David A., Weis, Ezekiel, Kim, Ivana K., Fuller, Timothy S., Demirci, Hakan, Piggott, Kisha D., Williams, Basil K., Shildkrot, Eugene, Capone Jr, Antonio, Oliver, Scott C., Walter, Scott D., Mason III, John, and Char, Devron H.
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- 2024
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24. Current Status of Machine Learning for Precision Rheumatology: Are We There Yet?
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Mruthyunjaya, Prakashini, Agarwal, Avarna, and Ahmed, Sakir
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Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are often characterised by heterogeneity in presentation. The traditional approach to diseases guided by their phenotype may be suboptimal with the advent of precision medicine. Precision medicine is the integration and application of multiomics to predict the best-performing drug and its toxicity profile to derive optimal benefits. With novel drug discoveries and an expanding therapeutic armamentarium, it potentially aids in clinical and therapeutic decision-making, while saving time and averting adverse events. However, multiomics comes with 'big data', and owing to the costs, the sample size is usually small. Machine learning (ML) plays an important role in these scenarios where conventional statistics fall short. So, by integrating clinical data with the data from -omics, ML models can be built, which can accurately predict the clinical factors or even novel biomarkers that predict response. This approach has a potential for great benefit as valuable time or the 'therapeutic window of opportunity' would be saved, with fewer adverse events, eventually translating to lower damage accrual and better outcomes. Most of the evidence for the use of ML in precision rheumatology comes from rheumatoid arthritis and the factors predicting response to various drugs, including tumour necrosis factor inhibitors. This approach also has its limitations such as the lack of generalizability and the current scarcity of longitudinal data. These models must be tested in larger cohorts and population-based studies for validation, failing which there is a risk of apparent identification of multiple 'novel' biomarkers that may or may not be mechanistic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. A Novel ASIC Implementation of Two-Dimensional Image Compression Using Improved B.G. Lee Algorithm
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Tanya Mendez, Vishnumurthy Kedlaya K, Dayananda Nayak, H. S. Mruthyunjaya, and Subramanya G. Nayak
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discrete cosine transform ,error-tolerant adder ,pipelining ,low-power ,fixed-point multiplier ,Application Specific Integrated Circuit ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
A 2D Discrete Cosine Transform and Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform using the B.G. Lee algorithm, incorporating a signed error-tolerant adder for additions, and a signed low-power fixed-point multiplier to perform multiplications are proposed and designed in this research. A novel Application Specific Integrated Circuit hardware implementation is used for the 2D DCT/IDCT computation of each 8 × 8 image block by optimizing the input data using the concepts of pipelining. An enhanced speed in processing and optimized arithmetic computations was observed due to the eight-stage pipeline architecture. The 2D DCT/IDCT of each 8 × 8 image segment can be quickly processed in 34 clock cycles with a substantially reduced level of circuit complexity. The B.G. Lee algorithm has been implemented using signed error-tolerant adders, signed fixed-point multipliers, and shifters, reducing computational complexity, power, and area. The Cadence Genus tool synthesized the proposed architecture with gpdk-90 nm and gpdk-45 nm technology libraries. The proposed method showed a significant reduction of 31.01%, 12.17%, and 21.11% in power, area, and PDP in comparison to the existing image compression architectures. An improved PSNR of the reconstructed image was also achieved compared to existing designs.
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- 2023
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26. Discontinuation and loss to follow-up rates in clinical trials of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections
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Rosenblatt, Tatiana R., Rayess, Nadim, Al-Moujahed, Ahmad, Khurana, Rahul N., and Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi
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- 2022
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27. Comparing clinical outcomes of macular hole surgeries performed by trainee surgeons using a 3D heads-up display viewing system versus a standard operating microscope
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Reddy, Subhakar, Mallikarjun, Kushanth, Mohamed, Ashik, Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi, Dave, Vivek Pravin, Pappuru, Rajeev Reddy, Chhablani, Jay, and Narayanan, Raja
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- 2021
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28. Intravitreal brolucizumab as treatment of early onset radiation retinopathy secondary to plaque brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma
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Natacha C. Villegas, Kapil Mishra, Nathan Steinle, Wu Liu, Beth Beadle, and Prithvi Mruthyunjaya
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Radiation retinopathy ,Brolucizumab ,Cystoid macular edema ,Choroidal melanoma ,Anti-VEGF ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Purpose: To describe the efficacy and safety of brolucizumab (Beovu®, Novartis Pharmaceuticals) in a case of cystoid macular edema associated with radiation retinopathy as a result of iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy (PBT) for choroidal melanoma, resistant to treatment with other anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. Observations: A 67-year-old woman with choroidal melanoma in the right eye and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20, underwent uncomplicated PBT. On post-operative month 7, the patient developed early onset radiation retinopathy. She failed to improve significantly with sub-tenon triamcinolone and 3 injections of intravitreal bevacizumab; BCVA was 20/200. Intravitreal brolucizumab was administered, and one month after, macular edema had resolved completely on optical coherence tomography, and BCVA improved to 20/50. At last follow up, 1 month after the third brolucizumab injection, BCVA was 20/60 and there was sustained resolution of intraretinal fluid. There were no signs of intraocular inflammation, progressive RR or optic neuropathy on exam or fluorescein angiography. Conclusions: This case suggests a positive effect of brolucizumab in the management of radiation retinopathy following PBT refractory to other anti-VEGF agents. However, one must consider the risk of severe vision loss associated with retinal vasculitis from use of brolucizumab.
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- 2022
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29. Presumed bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation – A case report and review of literature
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Shweta Parakh, Shrey Maheshwari, Shrutanjoy Das, Vinod Kumar, Rupesh Agrawal, Vishali Gupta, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, and Saurabh Luthra
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Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation ,Sunitinib ,Plasmapheresis ,Renal cell carcinoma ,Neovascular glaucoma ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Purpose: To describe a case of presumed bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and provide an updated review of literature. Observations: A 58-year-old man, with a history of radical nephrectomy for RCC 8 years ago, presented with gradual diminution of vision. Based on multimodal imaging and detailed systemic evaluation, a diagnosis of presumed BDUMP and metastatic RCC was made. He was started on sunitinib malate as palliative chemotherapy. However, he refused plasmapheresis for BDUMP. The patient rapidly developed bilateral exudative retinal detachment. Subsequently, he progressed to bilateral neovascular glaucoma secondary to closed funnel retinal detachment. Eventually, he was lost to follow up after 13 months. Conclusions & Importance: BDUMP portends an underlying advanced systemic malignancy. Studies have not conclusively proven any definite treatment for BDUMP and survival is generally poor. Ocular side effects of palliative targeted chemotherapy for the primary malignancy, such as sunitinib, should be borne in mind.
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- 2022
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30. Intraoperative 4-Dimensional Microscope-Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided 27-Gauge Transvitreal Choroidal Biopsy for Choroidal Melanoma.
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Grewal, Dilraj, Bhullar, Paramjit, Pasricha, Neel, Carrasco-Zevallos, Oscar, Viehland, Christian, Keller, Brenton, Shen, Liango, Izatt, Joseph, Kuo, Anthony, Toth, Cynthia, and Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi
- Subjects
Choroid ,Choroid Neoplasms ,Humans ,Image Processing ,Computer-Assisted ,Image-Guided Biopsy ,Melanoma ,Monitoring ,Intraoperative ,Tomography ,Optical Coherence - Abstract
PURPOSE: We describe two cases of intraoperative 4D microscope–integrated swept source optical coherence tomography (4D MIOCT) guided 27-gauge transvitreal retinochoroidal biopsy for choroidal melanoma. METHODS: Two 68-year-old females with choroidal melanomas underwent a transvitreal 27-gauge vitrectomy assisted chorioretinal biopsy for histologic and cytogenetic testing during I-125 radioactive episcleral plaque placement. A 4D (volumetric imaging through time) MIOCT device was used to simultaneously enable OCT image acquisition with surgical maneuvers during entry of and engagement of the vitreous cutter in the choroidal lesion. RESULTS: 4D MIOCT permitted real-time visualization of the choroidal tumor for selection of biopsy site in an area of adequate thickness and free of subretinal fluid, relatively perpendicular entry of the vitrectomy probe into the choroidal lesion, confirmation of adequate penetration depth prior to and during engagement of the vitreous cutter, and absence of subretinal fluid surrounding the retinotomy following removal of the probe. In both cases an adequate sample for histological and cytogenetic testing was obtained and no tamponade was required. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative 4D MIOCT imaging permits real-time visualization of vitreous cutter penetration and depth into the choroidal melanoma during a transvitreal choroidal biopsy.
- Published
- 2017
31. Comparison of ultrasound-guided dynamic needle tip positioning and acoustic shadowing technique with palpation technique for radial arterial cannulation by experienced clinicians: A randomized controlled trial
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Siddaramaiah, Mruthyunjaya Nalluru, Sharma, Ankur, Goyal, Shilpa, Kumar, Sandeep, Kumari, Kamlesh, Goel, Akhil Dhanesh, Bhatia, Pradeep, and Kothari, Nikhil
- Abstract
Background: Radial artery cannulation is usually done for monitoring invasive blood pressure during intraoperative period. The dynamic needle tip positioning approach allows continuous visualization of the needle tip during ultrasound-guided cannulation. The acoustic shadowing technique, using two lines on the ultrasound probe, might be used to facilitate radial artery puncture. We aimed to compare these two ultrasound-guided techniques of radial artery cannulation with the traditional palpation method in adult patients.Methods: In this trial, 180 adult patients requiring arterial cannulation were randomized into three groups (Traditional palpation (TP), Dynamic needle tip positioning (DNTP), and acoustic shadow technique (AST)). All cannulations were carried out by experienced anesthetists. Data was analyzed for the success rate of arterial cannulation in the first attempt, total number of attempts in 5 min, time taken to cannulate, number of cannulas used, and complications related to the procedure.Results: The first attempt success rates among TP, DNTP, and AST were 66.7%, 66.7%, and 71.7%, respectively (p= 0.794). The median time taken for cannulation was 60.5 (37.0, 129.5) s, 71.0 (50.0, 170.0) s, and 108.0 (58.0, 181.0) s, respectively (p= 0.066) and the median number of cannulation attempts was 1, in all the three groups (p= 0.684). There was also no difference in the total number of cannulas used, the overall success rate of cannulation, and complications related to the procedure in the three groups.Conclusion: The TP, DNTP, and AST technique for radial artery cannulation had comparable first attempt success rate, the time taken for cannulation, the number of cannulas used, and overall complications. We conclude that radial arterial cannulation by palpation, as well as ultrasound-guided DNTP and AST techniques performed by experienced clinicians in hemodynamically stable adult patients are equally advantageous.
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- 2024
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32. Lipohypertrophy in insulin injecting patients with diabetes mellitus: an under-recognized barrier for glycemic control
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Kumar, Rajinder, Gupta, Riddhi Das, Shetty, Sahana, Prabhu, C. S., Sathyakumar, Kirthi, Mruthyunjaya, Mahesh Doddabelavangala, Jebasingh, Felix K., Inbakumari, Mercy, Christina, Flory, Asha, H. S., Paul, Thomas Vizhalil, and Thomas, Nihal
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- 2021
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33. Liquid biopsy proteomics of uveal melanoma reveals biomarkers associated with metastatic risk
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Gabriel Velez, Huy V. Nguyen, Teja Chemudupati, Cassie A. Ludwig, Marcus Toral, Sunil Reddy, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, and Vinit B. Mahajan
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Proteomics ,Vitreous ,Liquid biopsy ,Uveal melanoma ,Cancer ,Biomarker ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2021
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34. A Simple Radioassay to Detect Nanoscale Membrane Disruption
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Neha Nanajkar, Lekhana S. Mruthyunjaya, and Deepesh Nagarajan
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radioassay ,membrane damage ,antimicrobial peptides ,colistin ,antibiotics ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms and kinetics of membrane damage is of interest to researchers in several overlapping fields of biology. In this study, we describe the development and validation of a simple 32PO43− release radioassay used to track nanometer-scale damage to the bacterial cell membrane. Nanoscale membrane damage will result in the release of small cytoplasmic molecules, such as amino acids, sugars, and osmolytes. Our radioassay tracks the release of these molecules using the release of cytoplasmic 32PO43− as a proxy. Our assay can both detect 32PO43− release and track release kinetics in the order of minutes. We demonstrate the use of our radioassay using A. baumannii treated with colistin and Ω76: two agents known to cause membrane damage. Our assay tracks greater membrane damage in A. baumannii treated with both these agents, compared to an untreated control. Our assay fills a niche that is not covered by traditional 51Cr release radioassays and fluorescent staining techniques. Furthermore, our assay can potentially be used to track membrane damage in other membrane systems such as lipid vesicles, animal cells, and organelles.
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- 2023
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35. Clinical Profile of Acute Methotrexate Toxicity in Rheumatic Diseases: A Series of 15 Cases.
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Mruthyunjaya, Prakashini, Maikap, Debashis, Bhuyan, Biswajit, Ahmed, Sakir, Misra, Ramnath, Tripathy, Ratikanta, and Padhan, Prasanta
- Abstract
Background: Methotrexate (MTX) at a dose of ≤25 mg/week is one of the most prescribed disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in a variety of rheumatic diseases. It can potentially cause life-threatening neutropenic sepsis, and acute renal and hepatotoxicity when taken inadvertently at high doses. We aim to analyse the clinical profile and risk factors of patients who presented with acute MTX toxicity. Methods: All patients presenting to the Rheumatology department with a history of inadvertent consumption of higher doses of MTX (>25 mg/week), from July 2021 to May 2023 were included. Additional data was extracted from hospital electronic medical health records. The clinical profile, risk factors, and outcome of patients with MTX toxicity were analysed. Results: The median age of the patients in our cohort was 52 IQR (40–62.5) years, with 80% females. The median cumulative dose of MTX was 120 mg (IQR 95–150). The reason for overdose in our cohort was medication error in comprehending once-weekly dosing. The most common major adverse event was neutropenia (80%). All our patients had stomatitis, with half of them having oral bleeding. Gastrointestinal adverse events like vomiting and diarrhoea were seen in 60% and 13% of the patients, respectively. Our cohort had two patients who succumbed to the complications due to neutropenic sepsis. The dose of MTX did not correlate with the severity of the disease or duration of hospital stay; however, the latter was significantly influenced by lower absolute neutrophil count (ANC). Conclusion: Acute MTX toxicity is one of the severe rheumatological emergencies and the toxicity profile includes haematological, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and renal adverse events. Severe neutropenia leading to sepsis can be fatal if not intervened early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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36. Displacement of submacular hemorrhage with intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator following 27 gauge transvitreal fine needle aspiration biopsy for choroidal melanoma
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Ramsudha Narala, Zachary Bodnar, and Prithvi Mruthyunjaya
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Transvitreal choroidal biopsy ,Subretinal hemorrhage ,Gas bubble displacement ,Tissue plasminogen activator ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Purpose: To describe the management of submacular hemorrhage (SMH), a vision threatening complication following transvitreal choroidal biopsy, with intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and pure perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas bubble injection. Observations: A 53 year old female with choroidal melanoma of the left eye underwent iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy placement and 27 gauge transvitreal fine needle aspiration choroidal biopsy for gene expression profiling. On postoperative day 2, large SMH was identified on dilated fundus examination. At the time of plaque brachytherapy removal, intravitreal tPA and pure C3F8 gas bubble injection with post operative positioning was also performed to attempt displacement of SMH. At postoperative month 1 following tPA and gas bubble displacement, the SMH was completely displaced inferotemporally outside of the macula and visual acuity improved from 20/70 at postoperative week 1 to 20/25 at postoperative month 1. Conclusions and importance: Subretinal hemorrhage can be a complication of transvitreal choroidal tumor biopsy but early detection and prompt treatment can result in good visual outcomes.
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- 2022
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37. In-network Aggregation using Efficient Routing Techniques for Event Driven Sensor Network
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Pai, Smitha N., Shet, K. C., and Mruthyunjaya, H. S
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Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture - Abstract
Sensors used in applications such as agriculture, weather, etc., monitoring physical parameters like soil moisture, temperature, humidity, will have to sustain their battery power for long intervals of time. In order to accomplish this, parameter which assists in reducing the consumption of power from battery need to be attended to. One of the factors affecting the consumption of energy is transmit and receive power. This energy consumption can be reduced by avoiding unnecessary transmission and reception. Efficient routing techniques and incorporating aggregation whenever possible can save considerable amount of energy. Aggregation reduces repeated transmission of relative values and also reduces lot of computation at the base station. In this paper, the benefits of aggregation over direct transmission in saving the amount of energy consumed is discussed. Routing techniques which assist aggregation are incorporated. Aspects like transmission of average value of sensed data around an area of the network, minimum value in the whole of the network, triggering of event when there is low battery are assimilated., Comment: 20 pages 16 figures, 7 tables
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- 2014
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38. The role of olecranon autograft as a void filler in the surgical management of enchondroma of the phalanx- A case report
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Mruthyunjaya Mruthyunjaya, Supreeth Nekkanti, V Sheshagiri, Arunodhaya Siddartha, T Pramod, C S Likhit, and Mohammed Ameen
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bone graft ,curettage ,enchondroma ,olecranon ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Enchondromas of the phalanx are common benign tumours. They exhibit a monostotic or polyostotic pattern of presentation.These lesions are symptomatic and are usually diagnosed coincidentally. We report a 56-year-old female patient who presented to us with complaints of pain and swelling of the left-hand fourth finger when it was jammed in a gate. Plain radiograph of the hand confirmed the diagnosis of an enchondroma. A surgical curettage and olecranon bone graft was performed in this patient. In this article, the authors attempt to highlight the advantages of olecranon bone harvesting and the good functional results associated with this graft. Our patient had a good functional outcome with no evidence of recurrence at the end of one year.
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- 2020
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39. Liquid biopsy proteomics of uveal melanoma reveals biomarkers associated with metastatic risk
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Velez, Gabriel, Nguyen, Huy V., Chemudupati, Teja, Ludwig, Cassie A., Toral, Marcus, Reddy, Sunil, Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi, and Mahajan, Vinit B.
- Published
- 2021
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40. Widefield imaging of retinal and choroidal tumors
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Natalia F. Callaway and Prithvi Mruthyunjaya
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Eye ,Tumor ,Choroid ,Retina ,Retinoblastoma ,Hemangioma ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Abstract Background Wide-field imaging plays an increasingly important role in ocular oncology clinics. The purpose of this review is to describe the commonly used wide-field imaging devices and review conditions seen in ocular oncology clinic that underwent wide-field imaging as part of the multimodal evaluation. Summary of review Wide-field or wide-angle imaging is defined as greater than 50° field of view. Modern devices can reach far beyond this reporting fields of view up to 267°, when utilizing montage features, with increasingly impressive resolution. Wide-field imaging modalities include fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), indocyanine angiography (ICG), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and recently wide-field OCT Angiography (OCTA). These imaging modalities are increasingly prevalent in practice. The wide-field systems include laser, optical, and lens based systems that are contact or non-contact lens systems each with its own benefits and drawbacks. The purpose of this review is to discuss commonly used wide-field imaging modalities for retinal and choroidal tumors and demonstrate the use of various widefield imaging modalities in select ocular oncology cases. Conclusions Clinical examination remains the gold standard for the evaluation of choroidal and retinal tumors. Wide-field imaging plays an important role in ocular oncology for initial documentation, surgical planning, determining the relationship of the tumor to adjacent ocular structures, following tumor size after treatment, and monitoring for recurrence.
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- 2019
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41. Plasmonic nanoslit-based dual-wavelength multiplexer
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Aparna, U., Mruthyunjaya, H. S., and Sathish Kumar, M.
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- 2020
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42. Energy Aware Path Search for Sensor with parameters as used in agricultural field
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Pai, Smitha N., Shet, K. C., and Mruthyunjaya, H. S.
- Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture - Abstract
Sensors placed in agricultural field should have long network life. Failure of node or link allows rerouting and establishing a new path from the source to the sink. In this paper, a new path is established such that it is energy aware during path discovery and is active for longer interval of time once it is established. The parameters used for simulation are as those used in agricultural application., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures
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- 2012
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43. Impact of Atmospheric Correction Methods Parametrization on Soil Organic Carbon Estimation Based on Hyperion Hyperspectral Data
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Prajwal Mruthyunjaya, Amba Shetty, Pruthviraj Umesh, and Cécile Gomez
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Hyperion ,hyperspectral imagery ,atmospheric corrections ,soil organic carbon ,ATCOR ,FLAASH ,Science - Abstract
Visible Near infrared and Shortwave Infrared (VNIR/SWIR, 400–2500 nm) remote sensing data is becoming a tool for topsoil properties mapping, bringing spatial information for environmental modeling and land use management. These topsoil properties estimates are based on regression models, linking a key topsoil property to VNIR/SWIR reflectance data. Therefore, the regression model’s performances depend on the quality of both topsoil property analysis (measured on laboratory over-ground soil samples) and Bottom-of-Atmosphere (BOA) VNIR/SWIR reflectance which are retrieved from Top-Of-Atmosphere radiance using atmospheric correction (AC) methods. This paper examines the sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) estimation to BOA images depending on two parameters used in AC methods: aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the FLAASH (Fast Line-of-Sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes) method and water vapor (WV) in the ATCOR (ATmospheric CORrection) method. This work was based on Earth Observing-1 Hyperion Hyperspectral data acquired over a cultivated area in Australia in 2006. Hyperion radiance data were converted to BOA reflectance using seven values of AOD (from 0.2 to 1.4) and six values of WV (from 0.4 to 5 cm), in FLAASH and ATCOR, respectively. Then a Partial Least Squares regression (PLSR) model was built from each Hyperion BOA data to estimate SOC over bare soil pixels. This study demonstrated that the PLSR models were insensitive to the AOD variation used in the FLAASH method, with R2cv and RMSEcv of 0.79 and 0.4%, respectively. The PLSR models were slightly sensitive to the WV variation used in the ATCOR method, with R2cv ranging from 0.72 to 0.79 and RMSEcv ranging from 0.41 to 0.47. Regardless of the AOD values, the PLSR model based on the best parametrization of the ATCOR model provided similar SOC prediction accuracy to PLSR models using the FLAASH method. Variation in AOD using the FLAASH method did not impact the identification of bare soil pixels coverage which corresponded to 82.35% of the study area, while a variation in WV using the ATCOR method provided a variation of bare soil pixels coverage from 75.04 to 84.04%. Therefore, this work recommends (1) the use of the FLAASH AC method to provide BOA reflectance values from Earth Observing-1 Hyperion Hyperspectral data before SOC mapping or (2) a careful selection of the WV parameter when using ATCOR.
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- 2022
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44. Update in Molecular Testing for Intraocular Lymphoma
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Michael J. Heiferman, Michael D. Yu, and Prithvi Mruthyunjaya
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vitreous biopsy ,diagnostic vitrectomy ,intraocular lymphoma ,masquerade ,ocular pathology ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
The diagnosis of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma and central nervous system lymphoma is challenging. In cases with intraocular involvement, vitreous biopsy plays a pivotal role. Several diagnostic tests are employed to confirm a diagnosis and include cytologic evaluation, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and cytokine analysis. The limitations of these conventional diagnostic tests stem from the often paucicellular nature of vitreous biopsy specimens and the fragility of malignant cells ex vivo. Several emerging molecular techniques show promise in improving the diagnostic yield of intraocular biopsy, possibly enabling more accurate and timely diagnoses. This article will review existing diagnostic modalities for intraocular lymphoma, with an emphasis on currently available molecular tests.
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- 2022
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45. A New Generalized Closed Form Expression for Average Bit Error Probability Over Rayleigh Fading Channel
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Singh, Sanjay, Kumar, M. Sathish, and Mruthyunjaya, H. S.
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Computer Science - Information Theory - Abstract
Except for a few simple digital modulation techniques, derivation of average bit error probability over fading channels is difficult and is an involved process. In this letter, curve fitting technique has been employed to express bit error probability over AWGN of any digital modulation scheme in terms of a simple Gaussian function. Using this Gaussian function, a generalized closed form expression for computing average probability of bit error over Rayleigh fading channels has been derived. Excellent agreement has been found between error probabilities computed with our method and the rigorously calculated error probabilities of several digital modulation schemes., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, ICIIS 2010
- Published
- 2012
46. Performance Analysis of Error Control Coding Techniques for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction of Multicarrier Signals
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Singh, Sanjay, Kumar, M. Sathish, and Mruthyunjaya, H. S.
- Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory - Abstract
Increasing demands on high data rate mobile communications services will inevitably drive future broadband mobile communication systems toward achieving data transmission rates in excess of 100 Mbps. One of the promising technologies which can satisfy this demand on high data rate mobile communications services is the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission technology which falls under the general category of multicarrier modulation systems. OFDM is a spectrally efficient modulation technique that can achieve high speed data transmission over multipath fading channels without the need for powerful equalization techniques. However the price paid for this high spectral efficiency and less intensive equalization is low power efficiency. OFDM signals are very sensitive to non-linear effects due to the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which leads to the power inefficiency in the RF section of the transmitter. This paper analyzes the relation between aperiodic autocorrelation of OFDM symbols and PAPR. The paper also gives a comparative study of PAPR reduction performance of various channel coding techniques for the OFDM signals. For our study we have considered Hamming codes, cyclic codes, convolution codes, Golay and Reed-Muller codes. The results show that each of the channel coding technique has a different PAPR reduction performance. Coding technique with the highest value of PAPR reduction has been identified along with an illustration on PAPR reduction performances with respect to each code., Comment: 26 pages, 12 figures
- Published
- 2012
47. Progression to Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- Author
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Alsoudi, Amer F., Wai, Karen M., Koo, Euna, Parikh, Ravi, Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi, and Rahimy, Ehsan
- Abstract
IMPORTANCE: The Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network Protocol S suggested that vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage (VH) or tractional retinal detachment (TRD) was more common among eyes assigned initially to panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) vs anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). These clinical implications warrant further evaluation in the clinical practice setting. OBJECTIVE: To explore outcomes of PDR treated with PRP monotherapy compared with matched patients treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective cohort study using an aggregated electronic health records research network. Patients with PDR who received PRP or anti-VEGF monotherapy between January and September 2023 were included before propensity score matching. Patients were excluded with 6 or fewer months’ follow-up after monotherapy or with a combination of PRP and anti-VEGF. Data were analyzed in September 2023. EXPOSURES: Patients with new PDR diagnoses stratified by monotherapy with PRP or anti-VEGF agents using Current Procedural Terminology code. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), VH, or TRD. RESULTS: Among 6020 patients (PRP cohort: mean [SD] age, 64.8 [13.4]; 6424 [50.88%] female; 3562 [28.21%] Black, 6180 [48.95%] White, and 2716 [21.51%] unknown race; anti-VEGF cohort: mean [SD] age, 66.1 [13.2]; 5399 [50.52%] male; 2859 [26.75%] Black, 5377 [50.31%] White, and 2382 [22.29%] unknown race) who received treatment, PRP monotherapy was associated with higher rates of PPV when compared with patients treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy at 5 years (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05-1.36; RD, 1.37%; 95% CI, 0.39%-2.37%; P < .001), with similar associations at 1 and 3 years. PRP monotherapy was associated with higher rates of VH at 5 years (relative risk [RR], 1.72; 95% CI, 1.52-1.95; risk difference [RD], 7.05; 95% CI, 5.41%-8.69%; P < .001) and higher rates of TRD at 5 years (RR, 2.76; 95% CI, 2.26-3.37; RD, 4.25%; 95% CI, 3.45%-5.05%; P < .001), with similar magnitudes of associations at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years, when compared with patients treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings support the hypothesis that patients with PDR treated with PRP monotherapy are more likely to develop VH, TRD, and undergo PPV when compared with matched patients treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy. However, given the wide range in relative risk, confounding factors may account for some of the association between PRP vs anti-VEGF monotherapy and outcomes evaluated.
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- 2024
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48. A natural language based intelligent banking chatbot
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Pasha, Nawaz, Ramesh, Dadi, Mohmmad, Sallauddin, Shabana, Dhandapani, Kothandaraman, and Mendu, Mruthyunjaya
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- 2024
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49. Wild life animals image classification for photographers using VGG19
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Ranjith, Durgunala, Sravan Kumar, Vanam, Chandramouli, Narsingoju, Sagar, Rachoori, Mahender, Akoju, Dhandapani, Kothandaraman, and Mendu, Mruthyunjaya
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- 2024
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50. Artificial intelligence based approach for real time data analytics with machine learning
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Mendu, Mruthyunjaya, Karthikeyan, C., Sudarshan, E., Bolukonda, Prashanth, Sruthi, Kandhagatla, Sravani, Mittapalli, Pasha, Syed Nawaz, and Nuneti, Govardhan
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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