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Traumatic abdominal wall hernias (TAWHs) are uncommon health conditions that involve a disruption of the muscular layers after a blunt abdominal injury. A consensus in the management of TAWHs has not been established, owing to the scarce number of reported cases. These hernias can occur under a broad array of clinical presentations, from stable and asymptomatic patients to emergency situations with associated intra-abdominal injuries. The aetiology of TAWHs is diverse and can occur at all ages, however it is more likely to be reported in children and elderly patients. Clinical findings must be correlated with a CT scan, which will confirm the diagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment were found to be associated with a lower risk of complications and mesh use during the surgical repair is an efficient mean of reducing recurrences after the surgical repair. However, the timing of repair and surgical solution still depends on the patient's condition.

We present a case of severe hypertriglyceridemia- induced acute pancreatitis associated with diabetic ketoacidosis, managed in intensive care unit. The patient was a 39-year-old woman, with a medical history of Graves-Basedow disease, essential arterial hypertension and morbid obesity (body mass index=31). Firstly, we aggressively corrected hypovolemia and hemodynamic imbalances (administrating fluids and systemic anticoagulant) and then we focused on the infection prevention and control of intra-abodminal pressure, for latter outcome. We decided to start first session of plasma exchange. The patient responded well to the treatment applied. Plasma-exchange was very efficient, reducing TG levels by 60% after the first treatment and achieving a decrease of 77.6% at the third plasmapheresis session. This case was safely and effectively managed with plasmapheresis (three sessions), antibiotics, multimodal analgesia (intravenous and thoracic epidural catether), early jejunal nutrition and forced mobilization. The patient's evolution was significantly favorable, with a reduction of the peripancretic necrosis on computer scan, at day 28 and she was discharged with a normal value of TG and without pain or any clinical signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting with simple empirical observations and continuing with studies on animals and humans, the medical knowledge of IAH/ACS has been gradually enriched. The subtlety of the signs and symptoms caused by the increase in IAP requires the implementation of a simple and effective and also adaptable method of measuring this parameter as well as careful monitoring of the patients at risk. Moreover, technological advances are oriented to measuring IAP and managing IAH by less invasive and less expensive methods, prophylaxis of this syndrome and prevention of its complications being the ones that prevail. For the purpose of exposing the most relevant historical aspects as well as the most recent developments, we have chosen studies between 1947 and 2017.This review aims at presenting some of the key moments in the evolution of understanding of the consequences of increased IAP, to defining current diagnostic and treatment protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, imposing an urgent need to develop more efficient treatment alternatives. In this respect, much attention has been drawn from conventional cancer treatments to more modern approaches, such as the use of nanotechnology. Extensive research has been done for designing innovative nanoparticles able to specifically target tumor cells and ensure the controlled release of anticancer agents. To avoid the potential toxicity of synthetic materials, natural nanoparticles started to attract increasing scientific interest. In this context, this paper aims to review the most important natural nanoparticles used as active ingredients (e.g., polyphenols, polysaccharides, proteins, and sterol-like compounds) or as carriers (e.g., proteins, polysaccharides, viral nanoparticles, and exosomes) of various anticancer moieties, focusing on their recent applications in treating diverse malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are 3 therapeutic modalities to treat cystic echinococcosis: chemotherapy, surgery (classic or laparoscopic), PAIR technique (puncture, aspiration, injection, and re-aspiration), with the latter two being performed with or without chemotherapy. We present the case of of a 17-year-old female, with a 6-month-old caesarean section in her medical history, diagnosed, by another medical facility, with a hepatic hydatid cyst, who presents with pain in the right hypochondrium, nausea and vomiting. The ultrasound examination revealed a cystic mass in the fifth hepatic segment, on the visceral surface, which compresses the right branch of portal vein and the gall bladder. It was decided to perform a Lagrot cystectomy under general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation. The pacient received albendazole postoperatively, knowing that the patient will continue breastfeeding, because this treatment can be safely administered due to the reduced concentration of the active metabolite in breast milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]