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Myrmeleon trivialis was originally described by Gerstaecker in 1885 based on the description of one female specimen from Himalayas, India. However, this species is now widely spread in Pakistan, China, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam. In India, it is known from Arunachal Pradesh, Darjeeling, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and West Bengal. The present study communicates the new record of Myrmeleon trivialis from Kashmir Valley (Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary, District Shopian), India. The study constitutes the first evidence of the occurrence of this species from the North-Western Himalayan Region of Kashmir Valley (Jammu and Kashmir, Union Territory) and extending the range of species into the Kashmir Himalayas. The addition of this species to the Jammu and Kashmir UT fauna makes a remarkable contribution to the Order Neuroptera, as the Neuropteran species from the Kashmir Himalayan region of India have been less explored compared to that of other Insect orders and families from the region.

A novel preclinical mouse model harboring an activating mutation in Gucy2c demonstrates features seen in patients with familial GUCY2C diarrhea syndrome. Fecal microbiome changes and colonic gene expression identify cell intrinsic and extrinsic roles of cGMP in gut inflammation., Activating mutations in receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), the target of gastrointestinal peptide hormones guanylin and uroguanylin, and bacterial heat-stable enterotoxins cause early-onset diarrhea and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GC-C regulates ion and fluid secretion in the gut via cGMP production and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase II. We characterize a novel mouse model harboring an activating mutation in Gucy2c equivalent to that seen in an affected Norwegian family. Mutant mice demonstrated elevated intestinal cGMP levels and enhanced fecal water and sodium content. Basal and linaclotide-mediated small intestinal transit was higher in mutant mice, and they were more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis. Fecal microbiome and gene expression analyses of colonic tissue revealed dysbiosis, up-regulation of IFN-stimulated genes, and misregulation of genes associated with human IBD and animal models of colitis. This novel mouse model thus provides molecular insights into the multiple roles of intestinal epithelial cell cGMP, which culminate in dysbiosis and the induction of inflammation in the gut., Graphical Abstract