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Most athletes have experienced negative anger when facing coach authority, but coach authority may also evoke positive emotions in athletes, as coach authority contains two layers of connotations: authoritarianism and strictness. This study explores the relationship between coach authority and athlete's emotional and behavioral tendencies based on Lazarus's emotional theory, elucidates the emotional changes of athletes facing coach authority, summarizes the theoretical framework and possible development process of coach authority and athlete's emotional and behavioral tendencies, and provides important references for the training skills and team management of sports coaches.

Introduction：Cognitive deficits refer to impairments in the brain's ability to process information, memory, attention, reasoning, decision-making, and other cognitive functions.Cognitive rehabilitation (CR) is a therapeutic approach aimed at improving cognitive function through various strategies, training, and interventions, ultimately enhancing quality of life. Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) are key rehabilitation methods in the cognitive domain and have been widely used in related studies. Recently, the combination of motor imagery and action observation therapy (AO+MI) has emerged as a promising research direction, receiving increasing support in the academic community. Aim of the study: This study aims to explore the mechanisms behind the combination of action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI) and assess the effectiveness of this innovative approach in cognitive rehabilitation. Material and methods: A literature review was conducted by searching databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for English-language articles. Keywords including "motor imagery," "action observation," and "cognitive rehabilitation" were used in the search. Conclusions: Both motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) have demonstrated positive effects on cognitive function. However, the combination of MI and AO may produce three distinct states that require further investigation. Preliminary findings suggest that AO+MI has shown promising results in enhancing corticospinal excitability (CE), benefiting children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and improving outcomes in stroke patients. However, some scholars have raised concerns, emphasizing the need for further experimental validation.

Abstract Introduction The treatment of elderly‐onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pursues the same objectives as in younger patients: to control the symptoms, to prevent structural damage, to preserve function, and to decrease excess mortality. The presence of co‐morbidities is more specific in elderly patients with RA, which raises therapeutic challenges for physicians. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is an essential tool that examines factors affecting the course of disease and the outcome of treatment. CGA includes the patient's functional, physical, mental, emotional, pharmacotherapeutic, and socioeconomic status. This article aims to present CGA in the evaluation and management of frail elderly patient with RA. Patient & Result A case study of an 80‐year‐old man with RA and ILD is presented to describe the process of CGA and provides nutritional supplement therapy, patient education, and rehabilitation guidance to help patient progress from frailty to non‐frailty. Discussion The case revealed that CGA provides physicians with information on the reversible area of frailty and the leading cause of deterioration in EORA.

Background: Lifestyle contributors to frailty among the elderly were previously reported in the developed Western countries, while evidence from the less developed East Asian regions was still lacking. Due to the well-acknowledged sex-based disparity of frailty and sex-difference of socioeconomic status and lifestyle, it is worth investigating the sex-specific association between the social and behavioral contributors and the risk of frailty among the East Asian longevous population.Methods: The present study was an observational study based on the four waves of interviews of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2008 to 2018. The participants aged ≥65 years and without frailty at baseline were included. Fried criteria (exhaustion, shrink, weakness, low mobility, and inactivity) were adopted to identify the incidence of frailty (≥3 domains) and pre-frailty (1–2 domains) during the follow-up. The sex-specific association between lifestyle (smoke status, drinking status, food intake, sleep, exercise, and physical activity) and the risk of incident pre-frailty and frailty was analyzed using the multinomial logistic regression models.Results: Altogether, 3,327 participants aged 81.2 ± 10.3 (range 65–116) years were included. In total, 964 (29.0%) and 1,249 (37.5%) participants were recognized as having incident pre-frailty and frailty, respectively. Older women were disproportionately uneducated, frequently did housework and labor work, but seldom did exercise. Men had diverse dietary and recreational activities but were frequently exposed to tobacco and alcohol. The protective effects of higher income, exercise, doing housework, and daily intake of fresh fruits/vegetables were found in both the sexes (P < 0.05). Sleep disorders (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.28–3.62) and labor work (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.42–3.33) were associated with the increased risk of frailty among women. For men, diverse dietary (four types of food added: OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09–0.50) showed a protective effect on the risk of frailty, but daily intake of pickled vegetables showed the opposite effect (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.12–3.07).Conclusion: Socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and the association with the risk of frailty showed substantial difference between the sexes among the longevous population in China. To establish the individualized strategy of behavioral improvement for the frailty prevention should consider the sex disparity.