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3. SoilTemp: A global database of near‐surface temperature

Author

Lembrechts, Jonas J, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B, De Frenne, Pieter, Kopecký, Martin, Lenoir, Jonathan, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya MD, Roupsard, Olivier, Fuentes‐Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A, Pellissier, Loïc, Pitteloud, Camille, Alatalo, Juha M, Smith, Stuart W, Björk, Robert G, Muffler, Lena, Backes, Amanda Ratier, Cesarz, Simone, Gottschall, Felix, Okello, Joseph, Urban, Josef, Plichta, Roman, Svátek, Martin, Phartyal, Shyam S, Wipf, Sonja, Eisenhauer, Nico, Pușcaș, Mihai, Turtureanu, Pavel D, Varlagin, Andrej, Dimarco, Romina D, Jump, Alistair S, Randall, Krystal, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Larson, Keith, Walz, Josefine, Vitale, Luca, Svoboda, Miroslav, Higgens, Rebecca Finger, Halbritter, Aud H, Curasi, Salvatore R, Klupar, Ian, Koontz, Austin, Pearse, William D, Simpson, Elizabeth, Stemkovski, Michael, Graae, Bente Jessen, Sørensen, Mia Vedel, Høye, Toke T, Calzado, M Rosa Fernández, Lorite, Juan, Carbognani, Michele, Tomaselli, Marcello, Forte, T'ai GW, Petraglia, Alessandro, Haesen, Stef, Somers, Ben, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Björkman, Mats P, Hylander, Kristoffer, Merinero, Sonia, Gharun, Mana, Buchmann, Nina, Dolezal, Jiri, Matula, Radim, Thomas, Andrew D, Bailey, Joseph J, Ghosn, Dany, Kazakis, George, Pablo, Miguel A, Kemppinen, Julia, Niittynen, Pekka, Rew, Lisa, Seipel, Tim, Larson, Christian, Speed, James DM, Ardö, Jonas, Cannone, Nicoletta, Guglielmin, Mauro, Malfasi, Francesco, Bader, Maaike Y, Canessa, Rafaella, Stanisci, Angela, Kreyling, Juergen, Schmeddes, Jonas, Teuber, Laurenz, Aschero, Valeria, Čiliak, Marek, Máliš, František, De Smedt, Pallieter, Govaert, Sanne, Meeussen, Camille, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Gigauri, Khatuna, Lamprecht, Andrea, Pauli, Harald, Steinbauer, Klaus, Winkler, Manuela, Ueyama, Masahito, and Nuñez, Martin A

Subjects
Climate Action, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Microclimate, Snow, Temperature, climate change, database, ecosystem processes, microclimate, soil climate, species distributions, temperature, topoclimate, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes.

Published
2020

4. Jet stream position explains regional anomalies in European beech forest productivity and tree growth

Author

Dorado-Liñán, Isabel, Ayarzagüena, Blanca, Babst, Flurin, Xu, Guobao, Gil, Luis, Battipaglia, Giovanna, Buras, Allan, Čada, Vojtěch, Camarero, J. Julio, Cavin, Liam, Claessens, Hugues, Drobyshev, Igor, Garamszegi, Balázs, Grabner, Michael, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hartl, Claudia, Hevia, Andrea, Janda, Pavel, Jump, Alistair S., Kazimirovic, Marko, Keren, Srdjan, Kreyling, Juergen, Land, Alexander, Latte, Nicolas, Levanič, Tom, van der Maaten, Ernst, van der Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke, Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet, Menzel, Annette, Mikoláš, Martin, Motta, Renzo, Muffler, Lena, Nola, Paola, Panayotov, Momchil, Petritan, Any Mary, Petritan, Ion Catalin, Popa, Ionel, Prislan, Peter, Roibu, Catalin-Constantin, Rydval, Miloš, Sánchez-Salguero, Raul, Scharnweber, Tobias, Stajić, Branko, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tegel, Willy, Teodosiu, Marius, Toromani, Elvin, Trotsiuk, Volodymyr, Turcu, Daniel-Ond, Weigel, Robert, Wilmking, Martin, Zang, Christian, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, and Trouet, Valerie

Published
2022
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5. Climate-change-driven growth decline of European beech forests

Author

Martinez del Castillo, Edurne, Zang, Christian S., Buras, Allan, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Esper, Jan, Serrano-Notivoli, Roberto, Hartl, Claudia, Weigel, Robert, Klesse, Stefan, Resco de Dios, Victor, Scharnweber, Tobias, Dorado-Liñán, Isabel, van der Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke, van der Maaten, Ernst, Jump, Alistair, Mikac, Sjepan, Banzragch, Bat-Enerel, Beck, Wolfgang, Cavin, Liam, Claessens, Hugues, Čada, Vojtěch, Čufar, Katarina, Dulamsuren, Choimaa, Gričar, Jozica, Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio, Janda, Pavel, Kazimirovic, Marko, Kreyling, Juergen, Latte, Nicolas, Leuschner, Christoph, Longares, Luis Alberto, Menzel, Annette, Merela, Maks, Motta, Renzo, Muffler, Lena, Nola, Paola, Petritan, Any Mary, Petritan, Ion Catalin, Prislan, Peter, Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro, Rydval, Miloš, Stajić, Branko, Svoboda, Miroslav, Toromani, Elvin, Trotsiuk, Volodymyr, Wilmking, Martin, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, and de Luis, Martin

Published
2022
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8. High phenotypic variation found within the offspring of each mother tree in Fagus sylvatica regardless of the environment or source population

Author

Schmeddes, Jonas, primary, Muffler, Lena, additional, Barbeta, Adrià, additional, Beil, Ilka, additional, Bolte, Andreas, additional, Holm, Stefanie, additional, Karitter, Pascal, additional, Klisz, Marcin, additional, Löf, Magnus, additional, Nicolas, Manuel, additional, Peñuelas, Josep, additional, Vitasse, Yann, additional, Weigel, Robert, additional, and Kreyling, Juergen, additional

Published
2023
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9. Species-specific effects of thermal stress on the expression of genetic variation across a diverse group of plant and animal taxa under experimental conditions

Author

Fischer, Klaus, Kreyling, Jürgen, Beaulieu, Michaël, Beil, Ilka, Bog, Manuela, Bonte, Dries, Holm, Stefanie, Knoblauch, Sabine, Koch, Dustin, Muffler, Lena, Mouginot, Pierick, Paulinich, Maria, Scheepens, J. F., Schiemann, Raijana, Schmeddes, Jonas, Schnittler, Martin, Uhl, Gabriele, van der Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke, Weier, Julia M., Wilmking, Martin, Weigel, Robert, and Gienapp, Phillip

Published
2021
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10. High phenotypic variation found within the offspring of each mother tree in Fagus sylvatica regardless of the environment or source population.

Author

Schmeddes, Jonas, Muffler, Lena, Barbeta, Adrià, Beil, Ilka, Bolte, Andreas, Holm, Stefanie, Karitter, Pascal, Klisz, Marcin, Löf, Magnus, Nicolas, Manuel, Peñuelas, Josep, Vitasse, Yann, Weigel, Robert, and Kreyling, Juergen

Abstract

Aim: Climate change challenges temperate forest trees by increasingly irregular precipitation and rising temperatures. Due to long generation cycles, trees cannot quickly adapt genetically. Hence, the persistence of tree populations in the face of ongoing climate change depends largely on phenotypic variation, that is the capability of a genotype to express variable phenotypes under different environmental conditions, known as plasticity. We aimed to quantify phenotypic variation of central Europe's naturally dominant forest tree across various intraspecific scales (individuals, mother trees (families), populations) to evaluate its potential to respond to changing climatic conditions. Location: Europe. Time Period: 2016–2019. Major Taxa Studied: European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Methods: We conducted a fully reciprocal transplantation experiment with more than 9000 beech seeds from seven populations across a Europe‐wide gradient. We compared morphological (Specific Leaf Area), phenological (leaf unfolding) and fitness‐related (growth, survival) traits across various biological scales: within single mother trees, within populations and across different populations under the contrasting climates of the translocation sites. Results: The experiment revealed significant phenotypic variation within the offspring of each mother tree, regardless of geographic origin. Initially, seedling height growth varied among mother trees and populations, likely due to maternal effects. However, the growth performance successively aligned after the first year. In summary, we observed a consistent growth response in different beech populations to diverse environments after initial maternal effects. Main Conclusions: The study strikingly demonstrates the importance of considering intraspecific variation. Given the surprisingly broad spectrum of phenotypes each mother tree holds within its juvenile offspring, we conclude that Fagus sylvatica might have the potential for medium‐term population persistence in face of climate change, provided that this pattern persists into later life stages. Hence, we also suggest further investigating the inclusion of passive adaptation and natural dynamics in the adaptive management of forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. ForestClim—Bioclimatic variables for microclimate temperatures of European forests

Author

Haesen, Stef, primary, Lembrechts, Jonas J., additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, Lenoir, Jonathan, additional, Aalto, Juha, additional, Ashcroft, Michael B., additional, Kopecký, Martin, additional, Luoto, Miska, additional, Maclean, Ilya, additional, Nijs, Ivan, additional, Niittynen, Pekka, additional, van den Hoogen, Johan, additional, Arriga, Nicola, additional, Brůna, Josef, additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Čiliak, Marek, additional, Collalti, Alessio, additional, De Lombaerde, Emiel, additional, Descombes, Patrice, additional, Gharun, Mana, additional, Goded, Ignacio, additional, Govaert, Sanne, additional, Greiser, Caroline, additional, Grelle, Achim, additional, Gruening, Carsten, additional, Hederová, Lucia, additional, Hylander, Kristoffer, additional, Kreyling, Jürgen, additional, Kruijt, Bart, additional, Macek, Martin, additional, Máliš, František, additional, Man, Matěj, additional, Manca, Giovanni, additional, Matula, Radim, additional, Meeussen, Camille, additional, Merinero, Sonia, additional, Minerbi, Stefano, additional, Montagnani, Leonardo, additional, Muffler, Lena, additional, Ogaya, Romà, additional, Penuelas, Josep, additional, Plichta, Roman, additional, Portillo‐Estrada, Miguel, additional, Schmeddes, Jonas, additional, Shekhar, Ankit, additional, Spicher, Fabien, additional, Ujházyová, Mariana, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, Weigel, Robert, additional, Wild, Jan, additional, Zellweger, Florian, additional, and Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, additional

Published
2023
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16. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Winkler, Manuela, Plichta, Roman, Buysse, Pauline, Lohila, Annalea, Spicher, Fabien, Boeckx, Pascal, Wild, Jan, Feigenwinter, Iris, Olejnik, Janusz, Risch, Anita, Khuroo, Anzar, Lynn, Joshua, di Cella, Umberto, Schmidt, Marius, Urbaniak, Marek, Marchesini, Luca, Govaert, Sanne, Uogintas, Domas, Assis, Rafael, Medinets, Volodymyr, Abdalaze, Otar, Varlagin, Andrej, Dolezal, Jiri, Myers, Jonathan, Randall, Krystal, Bauters, Marijn, Jimenez, Juan, Stoll, Stefan, Petraglia, Alessandro, Mazzolari, Ana, Ogaya, Romà, Tyystjärvi, Vilna, Hammerle, Albin, Wipf, Sonja, Lorite, Juan, Fanin, Nicolas, Benavides, Juan, Scholten, Thomas, Yu, Zicheng, Veen, G., Treier, Urs, Candan, Onur, Bell, Michael, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Siebicke, Lukas, Vives-Ingla, Maria, Eugster, Werner, Grelle, Achim, Stemkovski, Michael, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Matula, Radim, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Alatalo, Juha, Fenu, Giuseppe, Arzac, Alberto, Homeier, Jürgen, Porro, Francesco, Robinson, Sharon, Ghosn, Dany, Haugum, Siri, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Camargo, José, Zhao, Peng, Niittynen, Pekka, Liljebladh, Bengt, Normand, Signe, Dias, Arildo, Larson, Christian, Peichl, Matthias, Collier, Laura, Myers-Smith, Isla, Zong, Shengwei, Kašpar, Vít, Cooper, Elisabeth, Haider, Sylvia, von Oppen, Jonathan, Cutini, Maurizio, Benito-Alonso, José-Luis, Luoto, Miska, Klemedtsson, Leif, Higgens, Rebecca, Zhang, Jian, Speed, James, Nijs, Ivan, Macek, Martin, Steinwandter, Michael, Poyatos, Rafael, Niedrist, Georg, Curasi, Salvatore, Yang, Yan, Dengler, Jürgen, Géron, Charly, de Pablo, Miguel, Xenakis, Georgios, Kreyling, Juergen, Forte, Tai, Bailey, Joseph, Knohl, Alexander, Goulding, Keith, Wilkinson, Matthew, Kljun, Natascha, Roupsard, Olivier, Stiegler, Christian, Verbruggen, Erik, Wingate, Lisa, Lamprecht, Andrea, Hamid, Maroof, Rossi, Graziano, Descombes, Patrice, Hrbacek, Filip, Bjornsdottir, Katrin, Poulenard, Jérôme, Meeussen, Camille, Guénard, Benoit, Venn, Susanna, Dimarco, Romina, Man, Matěj, Scharnweber, Tobias, Chown, Steven, Pio, Casimiro, Way, Robert, Erickson, Todd, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Pușcaș, Mihai, Orsenigo, Simone, Di Musciano, Michele, Enquist, Brian, Newling, Emily, Tagesson, Torbern, Kemppinen, Julia, Serra-Diaz, Josep, Gottschall, Felix, Schuchardt, Max, Pitacco, Andrea, Jump, Alistair, Exton, Dan, Carnicer, Jofre, Aschero, Valeria, Urban, Anastasiya, Daskalova, Gergana, Santos, Cinthya, Goeckede, Mathias, Bruna, Josef, Andrews, Christopher, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Ewers, Robert, Pärtel, Meelis, Sagot, Clotilde, Herbst, Mathias, De Frenne, Pieter, Milbau, Ann, Gobin, Anne, Alexander, Jake, Kopecký, Martin, Buchmann, Nina, Kotowska, Martyna, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Penuelas, Josep, Gigauri, Khatuna, Prokushkin, Anatoly, Moiseev, Pavel, Jentsch, Anke, Klisz, Marcin, Barrio, Isabel, Ammann, Christof, Panov, Alexey, Van Geel, Maarten, Finckh, Manfred, Vaccari, Francesco, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Backes, Amanda, Robroek, Bjorn, Campoe, Otávio, Ahmadian, Negar, Boike, Julia, Thomas, Haydn, Pastor, Ada, Smith, Stuart, Pauli, Harald, Kollár, Jozef, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Michaletz, Sean, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, Urban, Josef, Greenwood, Sarah, Lens, Luc, Van de Vondel, Stijn, Vitale, Luca, Remmele, Sabine, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Meusburger, Katrin, Cremonese, Edoardo, Barros, Agustina, Bokhorst, Stef, Svátek, Martin, Allonsius, Camille, Høye, Toke, Smiljanic, Marko, Hik, David, Canessa, Rafaella, van den Hoogen, Johan, Altman, Jan, Björkman, Mats, Cesarz, Simone, Blonder, Benjamin, Kazakis, George, Opedal, Øystein, Assmann, Jakob, Tanentzap, Andrew, Sidenko, Nikita, le Maire, Guerric, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Montagnani, Leonardo, Muffler, Lena, Hederová, Lucia, Rubtsov, Alexey, Pauchard, Aníbal, Tielbörger, Katja, Sørensen, Mia, Crowther, Thomas, Remmers, Wolfram, Pitteloud, Camille, Zyryanov, Viacheslav, Nilsson, Matts, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Sallo-Bravo, Jhonatan, Moiseev, Dmitry, Spasojevic, Marko, Haase, Peter, Pearse, William, Tutton, Rosamond, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Siqueira, David, Ardö, Jonas, Nardino, Marianna, Tomaselli, Marcello, Pavelka, Marian, García, Rafael, Nosetto, Marcelo, Bon, Matteo, Semenchuk, Philipp, Choler, Philippe, Scott, Tony, Halbritter, Aud, Dušek, Jiří, Mackenzie, Roy, Stanisci, Angela, Nouvellon, Yann, Kovács, Bence, Haesen, Stef, Veenendaal, Elmar, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Verheijen, Frank, de Andrade, Ana, Verbeeck, Hans, Bader, Maaike, RENAULT, David, Zimmermann, Reiner, Ferlian, Olga, Medinets, Sergiy, Walz, Josefine, Rossi, Christian, Rocha, Adrian, Lembrechts, Jonas, Jactel, Hervé, Brum, Barbara, Aartsma, Peter, Kobler, Johannes, Eisenhauer, Nico, Bjerke, Jarle, Pellissier, Loïc, Ueyama, Masahito, Manca, Giovanni, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Meysman, Filip, Niessner, Armin, Curtis, Robin, Six, Johan, Saccone, Patrick, Wang, Runxi, Ahrends, Antje, Okello, Joseph, Kolle, Olaf, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Laska, Kamil, Freeman, Erika, Di Cecco, Valter, Ashcroft, Michael, Steinbauer, Klaus, Della Chiesa, Stefano, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Herberich, Maximiliane, Loubet, Benjamin, Barančok, Peter, Hermanutz, Luise, Souza, Bartolomeu, Contador, Tamara, Zhang, Zhaochen, Aerts, Rien, Stephan, Jörg, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Manco, Antonio, Larson, Keith, Mondoni, Andrea, Palaj, Andrej, Schmeddes, Jonas, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Järveoja, Järvi, Manise, Tanguy, Barthel, Matti, Marciniak, Felipe, Weigel, Robert, Rixen, Christian, Turtureanu, Pavel, Hoffrén, Raúl, Iwata, Hiroki, Vittoz, Pascal, Wedegärtner, Ronja, Penczykowski, Rachel, Phartyal, Shyam, Sitková, Zuzana, Nagy, Laszlo, Ujházy, Karol, Heinesch, Bernard, Berauer, Bernd, Ogée, Jérôme, Malfasi, Francesco, Greise, Caroline, Helfter, Carole, Mosedale, Jonathan, Senior, Rebecca, Magliulo, Enzo, Nuñez, Martin, García, María, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Carbognani, Michele, Thomas, Andrew, Eklundh, Lars, Erfanian, Mohammad, Villar, Luis, Maier, Regine, Dahlberg, C., Guglielmin, Mauro, Jucker, Tommaso, Kelly, Julia, Olesen, Jørgen, Lang, Simone, Tanneberger, Franziska, Gharun, Mana, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Convey, Peter, Aalto, Juha, Scheffers, Brett, Ujházyová, Mariana, Andres, Christian, Arriga, Nicola, Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Kanka, Róbert, Dick, Jan, Leihy, Rachel, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Maclean, Ilya, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Pampuch, Timo, Čiliak, Marek, Guillemot, Joannès, Sarneel, Judith, Souza, José, Svoboda, Miroslav, Björk, Robert, Merinero, Sonia, Zellweger, Florian, Simpson, Elizabeth, Cannone, Nicoletta, Abedi, Mehdi, Seipel, Tim, Klinges, David, Máliš, František, Basham, Edmund, Sewerniak, Piotr, Schwartz, Naomi, Trouillier, Mario, Vandvik, Vigdis, Shekhar, Ankit, Munoz-Rojas, Miriam, Nicklas, Lena, Goded, Ignacio, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Radujković, Dajana, Yu, Kailiang, Phoenix, Gareth, Cifuentes, Edgar, Seeber, Julia, Deronde, Bart, Lenoir, Jonathan, Frei, Esther, Wilmking, Martin, Hylander, Kristoffer, Graae, Bente, Calzado, M., Wang, Yifeng, Hampe, Arndt, Somers, Ben, Mörsdorf, Martin, Jastrzebowski, Szymon, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, BioGeoClimate Modelling Lab, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Universiteit Antwerpen = University of Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), LTSER Zone Atelier Alpes, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum [Frankfurt], Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 12P1819N, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, ANR-10-LABX-0045,COTE,COntinental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability and governance(2010), ANR-13-ISV7-0004,ODYSSEE,De nouvelles voies pour la modélisation des dynamiques d'assemblages d'espèces intégrant l'écologie et l'évolution: le cas des écosystèmes de montagne des Alpes et des Carpates(2013), ANR-20-EBI5-0004,ASICS,ASsessing and mitigating the effects of climate change and biological Invasions on the spatial redistribution of biodiversity in Cold environmentS(2020), ANR-19-CE32-0005,IMPRINT,IMpacts des PRocessus mIcroclimatiques sur la redistributioN de la biodiversiTé forestière en contexte de réchauffement du macroclimat(2019), European Project: 774124 , H2020,H2020-SFS-2017-2,SUPER-G (2018), European Project: 282910,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,ECLAIRE(2011), European Project: 641918,H2020,H2020-SC5-2014-two-stage,AfricanBioServices(2015), European Project: 678841,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,NICH(2016), European Project: 871128,eLTER PLUS (2020), European Project: 861974, H2020,SOCIETAL CHALLENGES - Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine, maritime and inland water research, and the bioeconomy,SustainSahel(2020), Lembrechts, Jonas J [0000-0002-1933-0750], van den Hoogen, Johan [0000-0001-6624-8461], Aalto, Juha [0000-0001-6819-4911], De Frenne, Pieter [0000-0002-8613-0943], Kemppinen, Julia [0000-0001-7521-7229], Kopecký, Martin [0000-0002-1018-9316], Luoto, Miska [0000-0001-6203-5143], Maclean, Ilya MD [0000-0001-8030-9136], Crowther, Thomas W [0000-0001-5674-8913], Bailey, Joseph J [0000-0002-9526-7095], Haesen, Stef [0000-0002-4491-4213], Klinges, David H [0000-0002-7900-9379], Niittynen, Pekka [0000-0002-7290-029X], Scheffers, Brett R [0000-0003-2423-3821], Van Meerbeek, Koenraad [0000-0002-9260-3815], Aartsma, Peter [0000-0001-5086-856X], Abdalaze, Otar [0000-0001-8140-0900], Abedi, Mehdi [0000-0002-1499-0119], Aerts, Rien [0000-0001-6694-0669], Ahmadian, Negar [0000-0002-7427-7198], Ahrends, Antje [0000-0002-5083-7760], Alatalo, Juha M [0000-0001-5084-850X], Alexander, Jake M [0000-0003-2226-7913], Allonsius, Camille Nina [0000-0003-2599-9941], Altman, Jan [0000-0003-4879-5773], Ammann, Christof [0000-0002-0783-5444], Andres, Christian [0000-0003-0576-6446], Andrews, Christopher [0000-0003-2428-272X], Ardö, Jonas 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Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], Q1, 01 natural sciences, Global map, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Soil temperature, Zone climatique, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences, bioclimatic variables, global maps, microclimate, near-surface temperatures, soil temperature, soil-dwelling organisms, temperature offset, weather stations, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, GB, Geology, PE&RC, 6. Clean water, Near-surface soil temperature, international, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 551: Geologie und Hydrologie, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Température du sol, Near-surface temperature, Near-surface temperatures, Biologie, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, MITIGATION, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology|Climate, Bioclimatic variables, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, 577: Ökologie, Biology, Ecosystem, Ekologi, Changement climatique, Cartographie, Biology and Life Sciences, Microclimate, 15. Life on land, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences|Environmental Monitoring, Agriculture and Soil Science, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Temperature offset, Weather stations, Plan_S-Compliant-OA, Soil, bepress|Life Sciences, ddc:550, Geología, Ecology, Temperature, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biological Sciences, FOREST, Weather station, Variation saisonnière, Chemistry, Bioclimatologie, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, 1171 Geosciences, Technology and Engineering, Climate Change, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, MOISTURE, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, PERMAFROST, ddc:570, SUITABILITY, G1, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Global maps, VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, Environmental Chemistry, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Soil-dwelling organisms, Aquatic Ecology, P30 - Sciences et aménagement du sol, Bioclimatic variable, SNOW-COVER, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Soil Science, Earth sciences, PLANT-RESPONSES, CLIMATIC CONTROLS, Soil-dwelling organism, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Réchauffement global, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

JJL received funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (grant nr. 12P1819N). The project received funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (grants nrs, G018919N, W001919N). JVDH and TWC received funding from DOB Ecology. JA received funding from the University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science (MICROCLIM, grant nr. 7510145) and Academy of Finland Flagship (grant no. 337552). PDF, CM and PV received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC Starting Grant FORMICA 757833). JK received funding from the Arctic Interactions at the University of Oulu and Academy of Finland (318930, Profi 4), Maaja vesitekniikan tuki ry., Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation, Nordenskiold Samfundet and Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. MK received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). TWC received funding from National Geographic Society grant no. 9480-14 and WW-240R-17. MA received funding from CISSC (program ICRP (grant nr:2397) and INSF (grant nr: 96005914). The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is supported by the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division. JMA received funding from the Funding Org. Qatar Petroleum (grant nr. QUEX-CAS-QP-RD-18/19). JMA received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant no. 678841) and from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 31003A_176044). JA was supported by research grants LTAUSA19137 (program INTER-EXCELLENCE, subprogram INTER-ACTION) provided by Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and 20-05840Y of the Czech Science Foundation. AA was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant FSRZ-2020-0014). SN, UAT, JJA, and JvO received funding from the Independent Research Fund Denmark (7027-00133B). LvdB, KT, MYB and RC acknowledge funding from the German Research Foundation within the Priority Program SPP-1803 'EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota' (grant TI 338/14-1&2 and BA 3843/6-1). PB was supported by grant project VEGA of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences No. 2/0132/18. Forest Research received funding from the Forestry Commission (climate change research programme). JCB acknowledges the support of Universidad Javeriana. JLBA received funding from the Direccion General de Cambio Climatico del Gobierno de Aragon; JLBA acknowledges fieldwork assistance by Ana Acin, the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park, and the Servicio de Medio Ambiente de Soria de la Junta de Castilla y Leon. RGB and MPB received funding from BECC - Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate. MPB received funding from The European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 657627 and The Swedish Research Council FORMAS - future research leaders No. 2016-01187. JB received funding from the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). NB received funding from the SNF (grant numbers 40FA40_154245, 20FI21_148992, 20FI20_173691, 407340_172433) and from the EU (contract no. 774124). ICOS EU research infrastructure. EU FP7 NitroEurope. EU FP7 ECLAIRE. The authors from Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFF, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Brazil were supported by the MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT - AcAo Transversal no68/2013 - Programa de Grande Escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera na Amazonia - LBA; Project 'Como as florestas da Amazonia Central respondem as variacoes climaticas? Efeitos sobre dinamica florestal e sinergia com a fragmentacAo florestal'. This is the study 829 of the BDFFP Technical Series. to The EUCFLUX Cooperative Research Program and Forest Science and Research Institute-IPEF. NC acknowledges funding by Stelvio National Park. JC was funded by the Spanish government grant CGL2016-78093-R. ANID-FONDECYT 1181745 AND INSTITUTO ANTARTICO CHILENO (INACH FR-0418). SC received funding from the German Research Foundation (grant no. DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). The National Science Foundation, Poland (grant no. UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228), within the framework of the 'Carbon dioxide uptake potential of sphagnum peatlands in the context of atmospheric optical parameters and climate changes' (KUSCO2) project. SLC received funding from the South African National Research Foundation and the Australian Research Council. FM, M, KU and MU received funding from Slovak Research and Development Agency (no. APVV-19-0319). Instituto Antartico Chileno (INACH_RT-48_16), Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio Nucleo Milenio de Salmonidos Invasores INVASAL, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), CONICYT PIA APOYO CCTE AFB170008. PC is supported by NERC core funding to the BAS 'Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation Team. EJC received funding from the Norwegian Research Council (grant number 230970). GND was supported by NERC E3 doctoral training partnership grant (NE/L002558/1) at the University of Edinburgh and the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. Monitoring stations on Livingston Island, Antarctica, were funded by different research projects of the Gobern of Spain (PERMAPLANET CTM2009-10165-E; ANTARPERMA CTM2011-15565-E; PERMASNOW CTM2014-52021-R), and the PERMATHERMAL arrangement between the University of Alcala and the Spanish Polar Committee. GN received funding from the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (ITA). The infrastructure, part of the UK Environmental Change Network, was funded historically in part by ScotNature and NERC National Capability LTS-S: UK-SCAPE; NE/R016429/1). JD was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GA17-19376S) and MSMT (LTAUSA18007). ED received funding from the Kempe Foundation (JCK-1112 and JCK-1822). The infrastructure was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme I (NPU I), grant number LO1415 and by the project for national infrastructure support CzeCOS/ICOS Reg. No. LM2015061. NE received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). BE received funding from the GLORIA-EU project no EVK2-CT2000-00056, the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (ITA), from the Tiroler Wissenschaftsfonds and from the University of Innsbruck. RME was supported by funding to the SAFE Project from the Sime Darby Foundation. OF received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). EFP was supported by the Jardin Botanico Atlantico (SV-20-GIJON-JBA). MF was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the context of The Future Okavango (Grant No. 01LL0912) and SASSCAL (01LG1201M; 01LG1201N) projects. EFL received funding from ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006. RAG received funding from Fondecyt 11170516, CONICYT PIA AFB170008 and ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006. MBG received funding from National Parks (DYNBIO, #1656/2015) and The Spanish Research Agency (VULBIMON, #CGL2017-90040-R). MG received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (ICOS-CH Phase 2 20FI20_173691). FG received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). KG and TS received funding from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Research Council (grant = 206/D16053). SG was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) (project G0H1517N). KJ and PH received funding from the EU Horizon2020 INFRAIA project eLTER-PLUS (871128), the project LTER-CWN (FFG, F&E Infrastrukturforderung, project number 858024) and the Austrian Climate Research Program (ACRP7 - CentForCSink - KR14AC7K11960). SH and ARB received funding through iDiv funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). LH received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). MH received funding from the Baden-Wurttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts via the project DRIeR (Drought impacts, processes and resilience: making the in-visible visible). LH received funding from International Polar Year, Weston Foundation, and ArcticNet. DH received funding from Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (Canada) (RGPIN-06691). TTH received funding from Independent Research Fund Denmark (grant no. 8021-00423B) and Villum Foundation (grant no. 17523). Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (projects LM2015078, VAN2020/01 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708). KH, CG and CJD received funding from Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University and from the Swedish research council Formas [grant n:o 2014-00530 to KH]. JJ received funding from the Funding Org. Swedish Forest Society Foundation (grant nr. 2018-485-Steg 2 2017) and Swedish Research Council FORMAS (grant nr. 2018-00792). AJ received funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF (Grant Nr. FKZ 031B0516C SUSALPS) and the Oberfrankenstiftung (Grant Nr. OFS FP00237). ISJ received funding from the Energy Research Fund (NYR-11 - 2019, NYR-18 - 2020). TJ was supported by a UK NERC Independent Research Fellowship (grant number: NE/S01537X/1). RJ received funding from National Science Centre of Poland (grant number: 2016/21/B/ST10/02271) and Polish National Centre for Research and Development (grant number: Pol-Nor/203258/31/2013). VK received funding from the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). AAK received funding from MoEFCC, Govt of India (AICOPTAX project F. No. 22018/12/2015/RE/Tax). NK received funding from FORMAS (grants nr. 2018-01781, 2018-02700, 2019-00836), VR, support from the research infrastructure ICOS-SE. BK received funding from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary (grant nr. K128441). Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (projects LM2015078 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708). Project B1-RNM-163-UGR-18-Programa Operativo FEDER 2018, partially funded data collection. Norwegian Research Council (NORKLIMA grants #184912 and #244525) awarded to Vigdis Vandvik. MM received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). Project CONICYT-PAI 79170119 and ANID-MPG 190029 awarded to Roy Mackenzie. This work was partly funded by project MIUR PON Cluster OT4CLIMA. RM received funding from the SNF project number 407340_172433. FM received funding from the Stelvio National Park. PM received funding from AIAS-COFUND fellowship programme supported by the Marie Skodowska- Curie actions under the European Union's Seventh Framework Pro-gramme for Research, Technological development and Demonstration (grant agreement no 609033) and the Aarhus University Research Foundation, Denmark. RM received funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project LTT17033). SM and VM received funding from EU FP6 NitroEurope (grant nr. 17841), EU FP7 ECLAIRE (grant nr. 282910), the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (projects nr. 505, 550, 574, 602), GEF-UNEP funded "Toward INMS" project (grant nr. NEC05348) and ENI CBC BSB PONTOS (grant nr. BSB 889). The authors from Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFF, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Brazil were supported by the MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT - AcAo Transversal no68/2013 - Programa de Grande Escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera na Amazonia - LBA; Project 'Como as florestas da Amazonia Central respondem as variacoes climaticas? Efeitos sobre dinamica florestal e sinergia com a fragmentacAo florestal'. FJRM was financially supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VICI grant 016.VICI.170.072) and Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-SBO grant S000619N). STM received funding from New Frontiers in Research Fund-Exploration (grant nr. NFRF-2018-02043) and NSERC Discovery. MMR received funding from the Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award (grant nr. DE180100570). JAM received funding from the National Science Foundation (DEB 1557094), International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis, ForestGEO, and Tyson Research Center. IM-S was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council through the ShrubTundra Project (NE/M016323/1). MBN received funding from FORMAS, VR, Kempe Foundations support from the research infrastructures ICOS and SITES. MDN received funding from CONICET (grant nr. PIP 112-201501-00609). Spanish Ministry of Science grant PID2019-110521GB-I00 and Catalan government grant 2017-1005. French National Research Agency (ANR) in the frame of the Cluster of Excellence COTE (project HydroBeech, ANR-10-LABX-45). VLIR-OUS, under the Institutional University Coorperation programme (IUC) with Mountains of the Moon University. Project LAS III 77/2017/B entitled: \"Estimation of net carbon dioxide fluxes exchanged between the forest ecosystem on post-agricultural land and between the tornado-damaged forest area and the atmosphere using spectroscopic and numerical methods\", source of funding: General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland. Max Planck Society (Germany), RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project number 20-45-242908. Estonian Research Council (PRG609), and the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange). Canada-Denmark Arctic Research Station Early Career Scientist Exchange Program, from Polar knowledge Canada (POLAR) and the Danish Agency for Science and Higher Education. AP received funding from Fondecyt 1180205, CONICYT PIA AFB170008 and ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006. MP received funding from the Funding Org. Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grant nr. 2015.0047), and acknowledges funding from the Swedish Research Council (VR) with contributing research institutes to both the SITES and ICOS Sweden infrastructures. JP and RO were funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science grant PID2019-110521GB-I00, the fundacion Ramon Areces grant ELEMENTAL-CLIMATE, and the Catalan government grant 2017-1005. MPB received funding from the Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund (grant project number 15/128) and the Research Council of Norway (Arctic Field Grant, project number 269957). RP received funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant INTER-TRANSFER nr. LTT20017). LTSER Zone Atelier Alpes; Federation FREE-Alpes. RP received funding from a Humboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers. Prokushkin AS and Zyryanov VI contribution has been supported by the RFBR grant #18-05-60203-Arktika. RPu received founding from the Polish National Science Centre (grant project number 2017/27/B/NZ8/00316). ODYSSEE project (ANR-13-ISV7-0004, PN-II-ID-JRP-RO-FR-2012). KR was supported through an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. Fieldwork was supported by the Global Challenges program at the University of Wollongong, the ARC the Australian Antarctic Division and INACH. DR was funded by the project SUBANTECO IPEV 136 (French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor), Zone Atelier CNRS Antarctique et Terres Australes, SAD Region Bretagne (Project INFLICT), BiodivERsa 2019-2020 BioDivClim call 'ASICS' (ANR-20-EBI5-0004). SAR received funding from the Australian Research Council. NSF grant #1556772 to the University of Notre Dame. Pavia University (Italy). OR received funding from EU-LEAP-Agri (RAMSES II), EU-DESIRA (CASSECS), EU-H2020 (SustainSahel), AGROPOLIS and TOTAL Foundations (DSCATT), CGIAR (GLDC). AR was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant 18-74-10048). Parc national des Ecrins. JS received funding from Vetenskapsradet grant nr (No: 2014-04270), ALTER-net multi-site grant, River LIFE project (LIFE08 NAT/S/000266), Flexpeil. Helmholtz Association long-term research program TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories). PS received funding from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant nr. N N305 304840). AS acknowledges funding by ETH Zurich project FEVER ETH-27 19-1. LSC received funding from NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship (Doctoral) Program; LSC was also supported by ArcticNet-NCE (insert grant #). Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (141513/2017-9); FundacAo Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (E26/200.84/2019). ZS received funding from the SRDA (grants nos. APVV-16-0325 and APVV-20-0365) and from the ERDF (grant no. ITMS 313011S735, CE LignoSilva). JS, MB and CA received funding from core budget of ETH Zurich. State excellence Program M-V \"WETSCAPES\". AfricanBioServices project funded by the EU Horizon 2020 grant number 641918. The authors from KIT/IMK-IFU acknowledge the funding received within the German Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) research program of the Helmholtz Association and from the Bavarian Ministry of the Environment and Public Health (UGV06080204000). Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), project number 192626868, in the framework of the collaborative German-Indonesian research project CRC 990 (SFB): 'EFForTS, Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems (Sumatra, Indonesia)'. MS received funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant nr. INTER-TRANSFER LTT19018). TT received funding from the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB Dnr 95/16) and the CASSECS project supported by the European Union. HJDT received funding from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC doctoral training partnership grant NE/L002558/1). German Science Foundation (DFG) GraKo 2010 \"Response\". PDT received funding from the MEMOIRE project (PN-III-P1-1.1-PD2016-0925). Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II; JPMXD1420318865). JU received funding from Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 21-11487S). TU received funding from the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research (CCCDI - UEFISCDI -project PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-4924 and PN2019-2022/19270201-Ctr. 25N BIODIVERS 3-BIOSERV). AV acknowledge funding from RSF, project 21-14-00209. GFV received funding from the Dutch Research Council NWO (Veni grant, no. 863.14.013). Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award DE140101611. FGAV received funding from the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) under CEECIND/02509/2018, CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020), FCT/MCTES through national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park. MVI received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through a doctoral grant (FPU17/05869). JW received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). CR and SW received funding from the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) and the de Giacomi foundation. YY received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 41861134039 and 41941015). ZY received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nr. 41877458). FZ received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant nr. 172198 and 193645). PZ received funding from the Funding Org. Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grant no. 2015.0047). JL received funding from (i) the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), under the framework of the young investigators (JCJC) funding instrument (ANR JCJC Grant project NoANR-19-CE32-0005-01: IMPRINT) (ii) the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (Defi INFINITI 2018: MORFO); and the Structure Federative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet (FR CNRS 3417: CREUSE). Fieldwork in the Arctic got facilitated by funding from the EU INTERACT program. SN, UAT, JJA and JvO would like to thank the field team of the Vegetation Dynamics group for their efforts and hard work. We acknowledge Dominique Tristan for letting access to the field. For the logistic support the crew of INACH and Gabriel de Castilla Station team on Deception Island. We thank the Inuvialuit and Kluane First Nations for the opportunity to work on their land. MAdP acknowledges fieldwork assistance and logistics support to Unidad de Tecnologia Marina CSIC, and the crew of Juan Carlos I and Gabriel de Castilla Spanish Antarctic Stations, as well as to the different colleagues from UAH that helped on the instrument maintenance. ERF acknowledges fieldwork assistance by Martin Heggli. MBG acknowledges fieldwork and technical assistance by P Abadia, C Benede, P Bravo, J Gomez, M Grasa, R Jimenez, H Miranda, B Ponz, J Revilla and P Tejero and the Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park staff. LH acknowledges field assistance by John Jacobs, Andrew Trant, Robert Way, Darroch Whitaker; we acknowledge the Inuit of Nunatsiavut, and the Co-management Board of Torngat Mountains National Park for their support of this project and acknowledge that the field research was conducted on their traditional lands. We thank our many bear guides, especially Boonie, Eli, Herman, John and Maria Merkuratsuk. AAK acknowledges field support of Akhtar Malik, Rameez Ahmad. Part of microclimatic records from Saxony was funded by the Saxon Switzerland National Park Administration. Tyson Research Center. JP acknowledges field support of Emmanuel Malet (Edytem) and Rangers of Reserves Naturelles de Haute-Savoie (ASTERS). Practical help: Roel H. Janssen, N. Huig, E. Bakker, Schools in the tepaseforsoket, Forskar fredag, Erik Herberg. The support by the Bavarian Forest National Park administration is highly appreciated. LvdB acknowledges CONAF and onsite support from the park rangers from PN Pan de Azucar, PN La Campana, PN Nahuelbuta and from communidad agricola Quebrada de Talca. JL and FS acknowledge Manuel Nicolas and all forest officers from the Office National des Forets (ONF) who are in charge of the RENECOFOR network and who provided help and local support for the installation and maintenance of temperature loggers in the field., Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 p ixels ( summarized f rom 8 519 u nique t emperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications., FWO G018919N W001919N 12P1819N, DOB Ecology, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science (MICROCLIM) 7510145, European Research Council (ERC) FORMICA 757833, Arctic Interactions at the University of Oulu, Academy of Finland 318930 337552, Maaja vesitekniikan tuki ry., Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation, Nordenskiold Samfundet, Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 20-28119S 20-05840Y GA17-19376S 21-11487S, Czech Academy of Sciences RVO 67985939, National Geographic Society 9480-14 WW-240R-17, CISSC (program ICRP) 2397, Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) 96005914, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division, Qatar Petroleum QUEX-CAS-QP-RD-18/19, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program 678841, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), European Commission 172198 193645 31003A_176044, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LTAUSA19137, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation FSRZ-2020-0014, Independent Research Fund Denmark 8021-00423B 7027-00133B, German Research Foundation (DFG) DFG- FZT 118 202548816 TI 338/14-1 TI 338/14-2 BA 3843/6-1, grant project VEGA of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic Slovak Academy of Sciences 2/0132/18, Forestry Commission, Universidad Javeriana, Direccion General de Cambio Climatico del Gobierno de Aragon, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Grant 657627 SNF 407340_172433 40FA40_154245 20FI21_148992 20FI20_173691, European Commission 17841 774124, MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT 68/2013, Project 'Como as florestas da Amazonia Central respondem as variacoes climaticas? Efeitos sobre dinamica florestal e sinergia com a fragmentacAo florestal', Spanish Government, European Commission CGL2016-78093-R, ANID-FONDECYT 1181745, National Science Foundation, Poland UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228, National Research Foundation - South Africa, Australian Research Council, Slovak Research and Development Agency APVV-19-0319, Instituto Antartico Chileno INACH_RT-48_16 INACH FR-0418, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) PIA APOYO CCTE AFB170008 PIA AFB170008, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Research Council of Norway, European Commission 230970, NERC E3 doctoral training partnership grant at the University of Edinburgh NE/L002558/1, Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, Gobern of Spain PERMAPLANET CTM2009-10165-E ANTARPERMA CTM2011-15565-E PERMASNOW CTM2014-52021-R, University of Alcala, Spanish Polar Committee, Autonomous Province of Bolzano (ITA), ScotNature, NERC National Capability LTS-S: UK-SCAPE NE/R016429/1, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LTAUSA18007, Kempe Foundation JCK-1112 JCK-1822, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme I (NPU I) LO1415, project for national infrastructure support CzeCOS/ICOS LM2015061 GLORIA-EU EVK2-CT2000-00056, Tiroler Wissenschaftsfonds, University of Innsbruck, Sime Darby Foundation, Jardin Botanico Atlantico SV-20-GIJON-JBA, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) 01LL0912 01LG1201M 01LG1201N, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 11170516 1180205, ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006, National Parks (DYNBIO) 1656/2015, Spanish Research Agency (VULBIMON) CGL2017-90040-R, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) 20FI20_173691, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) 206/D16053 FWO G0H1517N, EU Horizon2020 INFRAIA project eLTER-PLUS 871128, project LTER-CWN (FFG, F&E Infrastrukturforderung) 858024, Austrian Climate Research Program ACRP7 - CentForCSink - KR14AC7K11960, iDiv by the German Research Foundation DFG- FZT 118 202548816, Baden-Wurttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts, Weston Foundation, ArcticNet, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) RGPIN-06691, Villum Foundation 17523, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LM2015078 VAN2020/01 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708 LTT17033 LTT20017 INTER-TRANSFER LTT19018, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Swedish Research Council Swedish Research Council Formas 2014-00530 2018-00792 2016-01187, Swedish Forest Society Foundation 2018-485-Steg 2 2017, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) FKZ 031B0516C SUSALPS, Oberfrankenstiftung OFS FP00237, Energy Research Fund NYR-11 - 2019 NYR-18 - 2020, UK NERC Independent Research Fellowship NE/S01537X/1, National Science Centre, Poland 2016/21/B/ST10/02271, Polish National Centre for Research and Development Pol-Nor/203258/31/2013, MoEFCC, Govt of India (AICOPTAX project) 22018/12/2015/RE/Tax, Swedish Research Council Formas 2018-01781 2018-02700 2019-00836, research infrastructure ICOS-SE, National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary K128441, Programa Operativo FEDER 2018 B1-RNM-163-UGR-18, Norwegian Research Council (NORKLIMA grants) 184912 244525, CONICYT-PAI 79170119, ANID-MPG 190029, project MIUR PON Cluster OT4CLIMA, Stelvio National Park, AIAS-COFUND fellowship programme - Marie Skodowska- Curie actions under the European Union's Seventh Framework Pro-gramme for Research, Technological development and Demonstration 609033, Aarhus University Research Foundation, Denmark, EU FP6 NitroEurope 17841, EU FP7 ECLAIRE 282910, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine 505 550 574 602, GEF-UNEP NEC05348, ENI CBC BSB PONTOS BSB 889, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) 016.VICI.170.072, New Frontiers in Research Fund-Exploration NFRF-2018-02043, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Australian Research Council DE180100570, National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB 1557094, International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis, Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Tyson Research Center, UK Natural Environment Research Council through the ShrubTundra Project NE/M016323/1, Swedish Research Council Formas Swedish Research Council, Kempe Foundations - research infrastructure ICOS Kempe Foundations - research infrastructure SITES, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) PIP 112-201501-00609, Spanish Government PID2019-110521GB-I00, Catalan government 2017-1005, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-10-LABX-45, General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland, Max Planck Society, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), Krasnoyarsk Territory Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science 20-45-242908, Estonian Research Council PRG609, Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation 2015.0047, Swedish Research Council, fundacion Ramon Areces grant ELEMENTAL-CLIMATE, Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund 15/128, Research Council of Norway 269957, Humboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) 18-05-60203-Arktika, Polish National Science Centre 2017/27/B/NZ8/00316, ODYSSEE project (PN-II-ID-JRP-RO-FR-2012) ANR-13-ISV7-0004, Australian Government, Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Global Challenges program at the University of Wollongong, ARC the Australian Antarctic Division, INACH, project SUBANTECO IPEV 136 (French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor), Zone Atelier CNRS Antarctique et Terres Australes, SAD Region Bretagne (Project INFLICT), BiodivERsa 2019-2020 BioDivClim call 'ASICS' ANR-20-EBI5-0004, National Science Foundation (NSF) 1556772, EU-LEAP-Agri (RAMSES II) EU-DESIRA (CASSECS) EU-H2020 (SustainSahel), AGROPOLIS, Total SA, CGIAR, Russian Science Foundation (RSF) 18-74-10048, Swedish Research Council 2014-04270, ALTER-net multi-site grant, River LIFE project LIFE08 NAT/S/000266, Flexpeil, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland N N305 304840, ETH Zurich FEVER ETH-27 19-1, NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship (Doctoral) Program, ArcticNet-NCE, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 141513/2017-9, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ) E26/200.84/2019, SRDA APVV-16-0325 APVV-20-0365, ERDF (CE LignoSilva) ITMS 313011S735, ETH Zurich, EU Horizon 2020 641918, German Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) research program of the Helmholtz Association, Bavarian Ministry of the Environment and Public Health UGV06080204000 German Research Foundation (DFG) 192626868, Swedish National Space Board (SNSB) 95/16, CASSECS project by the European Union, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/L002558/1, MEMOIRE project PN-III-P1-1.1-PD2016-0925, Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) JPMXD1420318865, Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice (CNCS), Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI) PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-4924 PN2019-2022/19270201, 25N BIODIVERS 3-BIOSERV, Russian Science Foundation (RSF) 21-14-00209., Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) 863.14.013, Australian Research Council DE140101611, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology CEECIND/02509/2018 CESAM UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology European Commission, FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement, Compete 2020, Spanish Government FPU17/05869, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Giacomi foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 41861134039 41941015 41877458, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-19-CE32-0005-01 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure Federative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet (FR CNRS 3417: CREUSE), EU INTERACT program, Inuit of Nunatsiavut, Co-management Board of Torngat Mountains National Park, Saxon Switzerland National Park Administration, Bavarian Forest National Park administration, BECC - Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate, Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-SBO) S000619N

Published
2021

17. Summer drought exposure, stand structure, and soil properties jointly control the growth of European beech along a steep precipitation gradient in northern Germany.

Author

Weigel, Robert, Bat‐Enerel, Banzragch, Dulamsuren, Choimaa, Muffler, Lena, Weithmann, Greta, and Leuschner, Christoph

Subjects
DROUGHTS, EUROPEAN beech, GROWING season, CLIMATE change, SUMMER, CLIMATE sensitivity
Abstract

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Published
2023
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18. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Lembrechts, Jonas J., primary, van den Hoogen, Johan, additional, Aalto, Juha, additional, Ashcroft, Michael B., additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, Kemppinen, Julia, additional, Kopecký, Martin, additional, Luoto, Miska, additional, Maclean, Ilya M. D., additional, Crowther, Thomas W., additional, Bailey, Joseph J., additional, Haesen, Stef, additional, Klinges, David H., additional, Niittynen, Pekka, additional, Scheffers, Brett R., additional, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, additional, Aartsma, Peter, additional, Abdalaze, Otar, additional, Abedi, Mehdi, additional, Aerts, Rien, additional, Ahmadian, Negar, additional, Ahrends, Antje, additional, Alatalo, Juha M., additional, Alexander, Jake M., additional, Allonsius, Camille Nina, additional, Altman, Jan, additional, Ammann, Christof, additional, Andres, Christian, additional, Andrews, Christopher, additional, Ardö, Jonas, additional, Arriga, Nicola, additional, Arzac, Alberto, additional, Aschero, Valeria, additional, Assis, Rafael L., additional, Assmann, Jakob Johann, additional, Bader, Maaike Y., additional, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, additional, Barančok, Peter, additional, Barrio, Isabel C., additional, Barros, Agustina, additional, Barthel, Matti, additional, Basham, Edmund W., additional, Bauters, Marijn, additional, Bazzichetto, Manuele, additional, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, additional, Bell, Michael C., additional, Benavides, Juan C., additional, Benito Alonso, José Luis, additional, Berauer, Bernd J., additional, Bjerke, Jarle W., additional, Björk, Robert G., additional, Björkman, Mats P., additional, Björnsdóttir, Katrin, additional, Blonder, Benjamin, additional, Boeckx, Pascal, additional, Boike, Julia, additional, Bokhorst, Stef, additional, Brum, Bárbara N. S., additional, Brůna, Josef, additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Buysse, Pauline, additional, Camargo, José Luís, additional, Campoe, Otávio C., additional, Candan, Onur, additional, Canessa, Rafaella, additional, Cannone, Nicoletta, additional, Carbognani, Michele, additional, Carnicer, Jofre, additional, Casanova‐Katny, Angélica, additional, Cesarz, Simone, additional, Chojnicki, Bogdan, additional, Choler, Philippe, additional, Chown, Steven L., additional, Cifuentes, Edgar F., additional, Čiliak, Marek, additional, Contador, Tamara, additional, Convey, Peter, additional, Cooper, Elisabeth J., additional, Cremonese, Edoardo, additional, Curasi, Salvatore R., additional, Curtis, Robin, additional, Cutini, Maurizio, additional, Dahlberg, C. Johan, additional, Daskalova, Gergana N., additional, de Pablo, Miguel Angel, additional, Della Chiesa, Stefano, additional, Dengler, Jürgen, additional, Deronde, Bart, additional, Descombes, Patrice, additional, Di Cecco, Valter, additional, Di Musciano, Michele, additional, Dick, Jan, additional, Dimarco, Romina D., additional, Dolezal, Jiri, additional, Dorrepaal, Ellen, additional, Dušek, Jiří, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Eklundh, Lars, additional, Erickson, Todd E., additional, Erschbamer, Brigitta, additional, Eugster, Werner, additional, Ewers, Robert M., additional, Exton, Dan A., additional, Fanin, Nicolas, additional, Fazlioglu, Fatih, additional, Feigenwinter, Iris, additional, Fenu, Giuseppe, additional, Ferlian, Olga, additional, Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa, additional, Fernández‐Pascual, Eduardo, additional, Finckh, Manfred, additional, Higgens, Rebecca Finger, additional, Forte, T'ai G. W., additional, Freeman, Erika C., additional, Frei, Esther R., additional, Fuentes‐Lillo, Eduardo, additional, García, Rafael A., additional, García, María B., additional, Géron, Charly, additional, Gharun, Mana, additional, Ghosn, Dany, additional, Gigauri, Khatuna, additional, Gobin, Anne, additional, Goded, Ignacio, additional, Goeckede, Mathias, additional, Gottschall, Felix, additional, Goulding, Keith, additional, Govaert, Sanne, additional, Graae, Bente Jessen, additional, Greenwood, Sarah, additional, Greiser, Caroline, additional, Grelle, Achim, additional, Guénard, Benoit, additional, Guglielmin, Mauro, additional, Guillemot, Joannès, additional, Haase, Peter, additional, Haider, Sylvia, additional, Halbritter, Aud H., additional, Hamid, Maroof, additional, Hammerle, Albin, additional, Hampe, Arndt, additional, Haugum, Siri V., additional, Hederová, Lucia, additional, Heinesch, Bernard, additional, Helfter, Carole, additional, Hepenstrick, Daniel, additional, Herberich, Maximiliane, additional, Herbst, Mathias, additional, Hermanutz, Luise, additional, Hik, David S., additional, Hoffrén, Raúl, additional, Homeier, Jürgen, additional, Hörtnagl, Lukas, additional, Høye, Toke T., additional, Hrbacek, Filip, additional, Hylander, Kristoffer, additional, Iwata, Hiroki, additional, Jackowicz‐Korczynski, Marcin Antoni, additional, Jactel, Hervé, additional, Järveoja, Järvi, additional, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Jiménez, Juan J., additional, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., additional, Jucker, Tommaso, additional, Jump, Alistair S., additional, Juszczak, Radoslaw, additional, Kanka, Róbert, additional, Kašpar, Vít, additional, Kazakis, George, additional, Kelly, Julia, additional, Khuroo, Anzar A., additional, Klemedtsson, Leif, additional, Klisz, Marcin, additional, Kljun, Natascha, additional, Knohl, Alexander, additional, Kobler, Johannes, additional, Kollár, Jozef, additional, Kotowska, Martyna M., additional, Kovács, Bence, additional, Kreyling, Juergen, additional, Lamprecht, Andrea, additional, Lang, Simone I., additional, Larson, Christian, additional, Larson, Keith, additional, Laska, Kamil, additional, le Maire, Guerric, additional, Leihy, Rachel I., additional, Lens, Luc, additional, Liljebladh, Bengt, additional, Lohila, Annalea, additional, Lorite, Juan, additional, Loubet, Benjamin, additional, Lynn, Joshua, additional, Macek, Martin, additional, Mackenzie, Roy, additional, Magliulo, Enzo, additional, Maier, Regine, additional, Malfasi, Francesco, additional, Máliš, František, additional, Man, Matěj, additional, Manca, Giovanni, additional, Manco, Antonio, additional, Manise, Tanguy, additional, Manolaki, Paraskevi, additional, Marciniak, Felipe, additional, Matula, Radim, additional, Mazzolari, Ana Clara, additional, Medinets, Sergiy, additional, Medinets, Volodymyr, additional, Meeussen, Camille, additional, Merinero, Sonia, additional, Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães, additional, Meusburger, Katrin, additional, Meysman, Filip J. R., additional, Michaletz, Sean T., additional, Milbau, Ann, additional, Moiseev, Dmitry, additional, Moiseev, Pavel, additional, Mondoni, Andrea, additional, Monfries, Ruth, additional, Montagnani, Leonardo, additional, Moriana‐Armendariz, Mikel, additional, Morra di Cella, Umberto, additional, Mörsdorf, Martin, additional, Mosedale, Jonathan R., additional, Muffler, Lena, additional, Muñoz‐Rojas, Miriam, additional, Myers, Jonathan A., additional, Myers‐Smith, Isla H., additional, Nagy, Laszlo, additional, Nardino, Marianna, additional, Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona, additional, Newling, Emily, additional, Nicklas, Lena, additional, Niedrist, Georg, additional, Niessner, Armin, additional, Nilsson, Mats B., additional, Normand, Signe, additional, Nosetto, Marcelo D., additional, Nouvellon, Yann, additional, Nuñez, Martin A., additional, Ogaya, Romà, additional, Ogée, Jérôme, additional, Okello, Joseph, additional, Olejnik, Janusz, additional, Olesen, Jørgen Eivind, additional, Opedal, Øystein H., additional, Orsenigo, Simone, additional, Palaj, Andrej, additional, Pampuch, Timo, additional, Panov, Alexey V., additional, Pärtel, Meelis, additional, Pastor, Ada, additional, Pauchard, Aníbal, additional, Pauli, Harald, additional, Pavelka, Marian, additional, Pearse, William D., additional, Peichl, Matthias, additional, Pellissier, Loïc, additional, Penczykowski, Rachel M., additional, Penuelas, Josep, additional, Petit Bon, Matteo, additional, Petraglia, Alessandro, additional, Phartyal, Shyam S., additional, Phoenix, Gareth K., additional, Pio, Casimiro, additional, Pitacco, Andrea, additional, Pitteloud, Camille, additional, Plichta, Roman, additional, Porro, Francesco, additional, Portillo‐Estrada, Miguel, additional, Poulenard, Jérôme, additional, Poyatos, Rafael, additional, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., additional, Puchalka, Radoslaw, additional, Pușcaș, Mihai, additional, Radujković, Dajana, additional, Randall, Krystal, additional, Ratier Backes, Amanda, additional, Remmele, Sabine, additional, Remmers, Wolfram, additional, Renault, David, additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Rixen, Christian, additional, Robinson, Sharon A., additional, Robroek, Bjorn J. M., additional, Rocha, Adrian V., additional, Rossi, Christian, additional, Rossi, Graziano, additional, Roupsard, Olivier, additional, Rubtsov, Alexey V., additional, Saccone, Patrick, additional, Sagot, Clotilde, additional, Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan, additional, Santos, Cinthya C., additional, Sarneel, Judith M., additional, Scharnweber, Tobias, additional, Schmeddes, Jonas, additional, Schmidt, Marius, additional, Scholten, Thomas, additional, Schuchardt, Max, additional, Schwartz, Naomi, additional, Scott, Tony, additional, Seeber, Julia, additional, Segalin de Andrade, Ana Cristina, additional, Seipel, Tim, additional, Semenchuk, Philipp, additional, Senior, Rebecca A., additional, Serra‐Diaz, Josep M., additional, Sewerniak, Piotr, additional, Shekhar, Ankit, additional, Sidenko, Nikita V., additional, Siebicke, Lukas, additional, Siegwart Collier, Laura, additional, Simpson, Elizabeth, additional, Siqueira, David P., additional, Sitková, Zuzana, additional, Six, Johan, additional, Smiljanic, Marko, additional, Smith, Stuart W., additional, Smith‐Tripp, Sarah, additional, Somers, Ben, additional, Sørensen, Mia Vedel, additional, Souza, José João L. L., additional, Souza, Bartolomeu Israel, additional, Souza Dias, Arildo, additional, Spasojevic, Marko J., additional, Speed, James D. M., additional, Spicher, Fabien, additional, Stanisci, Angela, additional, Steinbauer, Klaus, additional, Steinbrecher, Rainer, additional, Steinwandter, Michael, additional, Stemkovski, Michael, additional, Stephan, Jörg G., additional, Stiegler, Christian, additional, Stoll, Stefan, additional, Svátek, Martin, additional, Svoboda, Miroslav, additional, Tagesson, Torbern, additional, Tanentzap, Andrew J., additional, Tanneberger, Franziska, additional, Theurillat, Jean‐Paul, additional, Thomas, Haydn J. D., additional, Thomas, Andrew D., additional, Tielbörger, Katja, additional, Tomaselli, Marcello, additional, Treier, Urs Albert, additional, Trouillier, Mario, additional, Turtureanu, Pavel Dan, additional, Tutton, Rosamond, additional, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A., additional, Ueyama, Masahito, additional, Ujházy, Karol, additional, Ujházyová, Mariana, additional, Uogintas, Domas, additional, Urban, Anastasiya V., additional, Urban, Josef, additional, Urbaniak, Marek, additional, Ursu, Tudor‐Mihai, additional, Vaccari, Francesco Primo, additional, Van de Vondel, Stijn, additional, van den Brink, Liesbeth, additional, Van Geel, Maarten, additional, Vandvik, Vigdis, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, Varlagin, Andrej, additional, Veen, G. F., additional, Veenendaal, Elmar, additional, Venn, Susanna E., additional, Verbeeck, Hans, additional, Verbrugggen, Erik, additional, Verheijen, Frank G. A., additional, Villar, Luis, additional, Vitale, Luca, additional, Vittoz, Pascal, additional, Vives‐Ingla, Maria, additional, von Oppen, Jonathan, additional, Walz, Josefine, additional, Wang, Runxi, additional, Wang, Yifeng, additional, Way, Robert G., additional, Wedegärtner, Ronja E. M., additional, Weigel, Robert, additional, Wild, Jan, additional, Wilkinson, Matthew, additional, Wilmking, Martin, additional, Wingate, Lisa, additional, Winkler, Manuela, additional, Wipf, Sonja, additional, Wohlfahrt, Georg, additional, Xenakis, Georgios, additional, Yang, Yan, additional, Yu, Zicheng, additional, Yu, Kailiang, additional, Zellweger, Florian, additional, Zhang, Jian, additional, Zhang, Zhaochen, additional, Zhao, Peng, additional, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, additional, Zimmermann, Reiner, additional, Zong, Shengwei, additional, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I., additional, Nijs, Ivan, additional, and Lenoir, Jonathan, additional

Published
2022
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19. ForestTemp – Sub‐canopy microclimate temperatures of European forests

Author

Haesen, Stef, primary, Lembrechts, Jonas J., additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, Lenoir, Jonathan, additional, Aalto, Juha, additional, Ashcroft, Michael B., additional, Kopecký, Martin, additional, Luoto, Miska, additional, Maclean, Ilya, additional, Nijs, Ivan, additional, Niittynen, Pekka, additional, Hoogen, Johan, additional, Arriga, Nicola, additional, Brůna, Josef, additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Čiliak, Marek, additional, Collalti, Alessio, additional, De Lombaerde, Emiel, additional, Descombes, Patrice, additional, Gharun, Mana, additional, Goded, Ignacio, additional, Govaert, Sanne, additional, Greiser, Caroline, additional, Grelle, Achim, additional, Gruening, Carsten, additional, Hederová, Lucia, additional, Hylander, Kristoffer, additional, Kreyling, Jürgen, additional, Kruijt, Bart, additional, Macek, Martin, additional, Máliš, František, additional, Man, Matěj, additional, Manca, Giovanni, additional, Matula, Radim, additional, Meeussen, Camille, additional, Merinero, Sonia, additional, Minerbi, Stefano, additional, Montagnani, Leonardo, additional, Muffler, Lena, additional, Ogaya, Romà, additional, Penuelas, Josep, additional, Plichta, Roman, additional, Portillo‐Estrada, Miguel, additional, Schmeddes, Jonas, additional, Shekhar, Ankit, additional, Spicher, Fabien, additional, Ujházyová, Mariana, additional, Vangansbeke, Pieter, additional, Weigel, Robert, additional, Wild, Jan, additional, Zellweger, Florian, additional, and Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, additional

Published
2021
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20. Mismatches between soil and air temperature

Author

Vaccari, Francesco, Seipel, Tim, Kljun, Natascha, Radujković, Dajana, Crowther, Thomas, Grelle, Achim, Mondoni, Andrea, Finckh, Manfred, Wang, Yifeng, Abedi, Mehdi, Simpson, Elizabeth, Verheijen, Frank, Andres, Christian, Assis, Rafael, Descombes, Patrice, Manco, Antonio, Lens , Luc, Pitacco, Andrea, Erfanian, Mohammad, Phoenix, Gareth, Iwata, Hiroki, de Andrade, Ana, Medinets, Sergiy, Dušek, Jiří, Bruna, Josef, Svoboda, Miroslav, Aalto, Juha, Buysse, Pauline, Lynn , Joshua, Hylander, Kristoffer, Rubtsov, Alexey, Macek, Martin, Freeman, Erika, Venn, Susanna, Bauters, Marijn, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Feigenwinter, Iris, Mackenzie, Roy, Tanneberger, Franziska, Normand, Signe, Tomaselli, Marcello, Okello, Joseph, Alatalo, Juha, Scharnweber, Tobias, Aerts, Rien, Wang, Runxi, Meysman, Filip, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg, Dimarco, Romina, Vandvik , Vigdis, Penczykowski, Rachel, Guénard, Benoit, Nouvellon, Yann, Spasojevic, Marko, Svátek, Martin, Barthel, Matti, Stanisci, Angela, Yu, Zicheng, Nuñez, Martin, Cesarz, Simone, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Candan, Onur, Jucker, Tommaso, Ahmadian, Negar, Way, Robert, Ashcroft, Michael, Kolle, Olaf, Pitteloud, Camille, Høye, Toke, Montagnani, Leonardo, Vittoz, Pascal, Dolezal, Jiri, Goeckede, Mathias, Schmidt, Marius, Moiseev, Dmitry, Goded, Ignacio, Benito-Alonso, José-Luis, di Cella, Umberto, Convey, Peter, Lorite, Juan, Sagot, Clotilde, Bader, Maaike, Shekhar, Ankit, Porro, Francesco, Jastrzebowski, Szymon, Manca, Giovanni, Helfter, Carole, Exton, Dan, Smith, Stuart, Olejnik, Janusz, Cremonese, Edoardo, Pearse, William, Jump, Alistair, Pastor, Ada, Sarneel, Judith, Matula, Radim, Pauli, Harald, Stemkovski, Michael, Dick, Jan, Lohila, Annalea, Trouillier, Mario, Man, Matěj, Björk, Robert, Sewerniak, Piotr, Géron, Charly, Bon, Matteo, Santos, Cinthya, Curtis, Robin, Kollár, Jozef, Vives-Ingla, Maria, Pio, Casimiro, DIAZ, Jose, Boike, Julia, Basham, Edmund, Liljebladh, Bengt, Rossi, Graziano, Siqueira, David, Mosedale, Jonathan, Varlagin, Andrej, Máliš, František, Laska, Kamil, RENAULT, David, Verbeeck, Hans, Heinesch, Bernard, García, María, Zhang, Zhaochen, Sidenko, Nikita, Poyatos, Rafael, Bjornsdottir, Katrin, Hrbacek, Filip, Andrews, Christopher, Senior, Rebecca, Jactel, Hervé, Wilmking, Martin, Choler, Philippe, Aschero, Valeria, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Lamprecht, Andrea, Jimenez, Juan, Khuroo, Anzar, Phartyal, Shyam, Moiseev, Pavel, García, Rafael, Zyryanov, Viacheslav, Kemppinen, Julia, Yang , Yan, Van Geel, Maarten, Nardino, Marianna, Malfasi, Francesco, Haider, Sylvia, Hamid, Maroof, Leihy, Rachel, de Pablo, Miguel, Rossi, Christian, Urban, Anastasiya, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Bell, Michael, Marchesini, Luca, Urbaniak, Marek, Zong, Shengwei, Ammann, Christof, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Smiljanic, Marko, Uogintas, Domas, Xenakis, Georgios, Sitková, Zuzana, Stoll, Stefan, Haase, Peter, Hermanutz, Luise, Peichl, Matthias, Altman, Jan, Verbruggen, Erik, Čiliak, Marek, Thomas, Andrew, Assmann, Jakob, Tyystjärvi, Vilna, Panov, Alexey, Milbau, Ann, Nagy, Laszlo, Kelly, Julia, Pärtel, Meelis, Campoe, Otávio, Myers, Jonathan, Muffler, Lena, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Hoffrén, Raúl, Pavelka, Marian, Plichta, Roman, Munoz-Rojas, Miriam, Niittynen, Pekka, Daskalova, Gergana, Maclean, Ilya, Alexander, Jake, Carnicer, Jofre, Herbst, Mathias, Larson, Christian, Cannone, Nicoletta, Arzac, Alberto, Ujházyová, Mariana, Jentsch, Anke, Penuelas, Josep, Nosetto, Marcelo, Chown, Steven, Kanka, Róbert, Walz, Josefine, Rixen, Christian, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Steinbauer, Klaus, Zellweger, Florian, Frei, Esther, Scott, Tony, Erickson, Todd, Luoto, Miska, Wedegärtner, Ronja, Bravo, Jhonatan, Ujházy, Karol, Zhang, Jian, Järveoja, Järvi, Nijs, Ivan, Olesen, Jørgen, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Greenwood, Sarah, Buchmann, Nina, von Oppen, Jonathan, Deronde, Bart, Merinero, Sonia, Semenchuk, Philipp, Myers-Smith, Isla, Steinwandter, Michael, Dengler, Jürgen, Hammerle, Albin, Kovács, Bence, Forte, Tai, Haugum, Siri, Klemedtsson, Leif, Homeier, Jürgen, Calzado, M., Chojnicki, Bogdan, Ardö, Jonas, Scholten, Thomas, Risch, Anita, Robroek, Bjorn, Larson, Keith, Nilsson, Matts, Higgens, Rebecca, Magliulo, Enzo, Gharun, Mana, Fenu, Giuseppe, Herberich, Maximiliane, Newling, Emily, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Orsenigo, Simone, Souza, José, Bokhorst, Stef, Knohl, Alexander, Spicher, Fabien, Di Cecco, Valter, Ogée, Jérôme, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Rocha, Adrian, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Björkman, Mats, Kreyling, Juergen, Treier, Urs, van den Hoogen, Johan, Loubet, Benjamin, Opedal, Øystein, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Vitale, Luca, Blonder, Benjamin, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Speed, James, Boeckx, Pascal, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Dahlberg, C., Carbognani, Michele, Gobin, Anne, Remmers, Wolfram, Arriga, Nicola, Thomas, Haydn, Marciniak, Felipe, Remmele, Sabine, Collier, Laura, Wingate, Lisa, Seeber, Julia, Cooper, Elisabeth, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Barrio, Isabel, Hampe, Arndt, Ogaya, Romà, Michaletz, Sean, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, le Maire, Guerric, Abdalaze, Otar, Guillemot, Joannès, Mörsdorf, Martin, Canessa, Rafaella, Tanentzap, Andrew, Backes, Amanda, Poulenard, Jérôme, De Frenne, Pieter, Graae, Bente, Yu, Kailiang, Palaj, Andrej, Meeussen, Camille, Mazzolari, Ana, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Niessner, Armin, Van de Vondel, Stijn, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, Bailey, Joseph, Petraglia, Alessandro, Kašpar, Vít, Goulding, Keith, Somers, Ben, Schwartz, Naomi, Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Lenoir, Jonathan, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Aartsma, Peter, Urban, Josef, Eklundh, Lars, Roupsard, Olivier, Curasi, Salvatore, Greise, Caroline, Ferlian, Olga, Randall, Krystal, Camargo, José, Meusburger, Katrin, Siebicke, Lukas, Ueyama, Masahito, Eisenhauer, Nico, Brum, Barbara, Kotowska, Martyna, Stiegler, Christian, Kazakis, George, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Berauer, Bernd, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Winkler, Manuela, Hik, David, Pauchard, Aníbal, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Contador, Tamara, Turtureanu, Pavel, Souza, Bartolomeu, Manise, Tanguy, Cutini, Maurizio, Benavides, Juan, Stephan, Jörg, Tutton, Rosamond, Di Musciano, Michele, Barros, Agustina, Kopecký, Martin, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Ghosn, Dany, Haesen, Stef, Ahrends, Antje, Wipf, Sonja, Zimmermann, Reiner, Tagesson, Torbern, Maier, Regine, Wild, Jan, Tielbörger, Katja, Zhao, Peng, Prokushkin, Anatoly, Kobler, Johannes, Klisz, Marcin, Pușcaș, Mihai, Veen, G., Villar, Luis, Bjerke, Jarle, Wilkinson, Matthew, Allonsius, Camille, Dias, Arildo, Six, Johan, Gigauri, Khatuna, Pampuch, Timo, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Cifuentes, Edgar, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Hederová, Lucia, Klinges, David, Govaert, Sanne, Scheffers, Brett, Eugster, Werner, Guglielmin, Mauro, Medinets, Volodymyr, Lang, Simone, Pellissier, Loïc, Niedrist, Georg, Fanin, Nicolas, Nicklas, Lena, Schmeddes, Jonas, Veenendaal, Elmar, Barančok, Peter, Weigel, Robert, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Sørensen, Mia, Gottschall, Felix, Ewers, Robert, Halbritter, Aud, and Lembrechts, Jonas

Subjects
bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Soil Science, bepress|Life Sciences, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology|Climate, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences|Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Research in environmental science relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature at around 2 meter above ground1-3. These climatic grids however fail to reflect conditions near and below the soil surface, where critical ecosystem functions such as soil carbon storage are controlled and most biodiversity resides4-8. By using soil temperature time series from over 8500 locations across all of the world’s terrestrial biomes4, we derived global maps of soil temperature-related variables at 1 km resolution for the 0–5 and 5–15 cm depth horizons. Based on these maps, we show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding 2 m gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C, with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Soils in cold and/or dry biomes are annually substantially warmer (3.6°C ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are slightly cooler (0.7 ± 2.3°C). As a result, annual soil temperature varies less (by 17%) across the globe than air temperature. The effect of macroclimatic conditions on the difference between soil and air temperature highlights the importance of considering that macroclimate warming may not result in the same level of soil temperature warming. Similarly, changes in precipitation could alter the relationship between soil and air temperature, with implications for soil-atmosphere feedbacks9. Our results underpin that the impacts of climate and climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments.

Published
2021

21. High plasticity in germination and establishment success in the dominant forest tree Fagus sylvatica across Europe

Author

Muffler, Lena, primary, Schmeddes, Jonas, additional, Weigel, Robert, additional, Barbeta, Adrià, additional, Beil, Ilka, additional, Bolte, Andreas, additional, Buhk, Constanze, additional, Holm, Stefanie, additional, Klein, Geoffrey, additional, Klisz, Marcin, additional, Löf, Magnus, additional, Peñuelas, Josep, additional, Schneider, Léonard, additional, Vitasse, Yann, additional, and Kreyling, Juergen, additional

Published
2021
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22. SoilTemp: A global database of near-surface temperature

Author

Lembrechts, Jonas J., Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., De Frenne, Pieter, Kopecký, Martin, Lenoir, Jonathan, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M.D., Roupsard, Olivier, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A., Pellissier, Loïc, Pitteloud, Camille, Alatalo, Juha M., Smith, Stuart W., Björk, Robert G., Muffler, Lena, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Cesarz, Simone, Gottschall, Felix, Okello, Joseph, Urban, Josef, Plichta, Roman, Svátek, Martin, Phartyal, Shyam S., Wipf, Sonja, Eisenhauer, Nico, Pușcaș, Mihai, Turtureanu, Pavel D., Varlagin, Andrej, Dimarco, Romina D., Jump, Alistair S., Randall, Krystal, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Larson, Keith, Walz, Josefine, Vitale, Luca, Svoboda, Miroslav, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Halbritter, Aud H., Curasi, Salvatore R., Klupar, Ian, Koontz, Austin, Pearse, William D., Simpson, Elizabeth, Stemkovski, Michael, Jessen Graae, Bente, Vedel Sørensen, Mia, Høye, Toke T., Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa, Lorite, Juan, Carbognani, Michele, Tomaselli, Marcello, Forte, T'ai G.W., Petraglia, Alessandro, Haesen, Stef, Somers, Ben, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Björkman, Mats P., Hylander, Kristoffer, Merinero, Sonia, Gharun, Mana, Buchmann, Nina, Dolezal, Jiri, Matula, Radim, Thomas, Andrew D., Bailey, Joseph J., Ghosn, Dany, Kazakis, George, de Pablo, Miguel A., Kemppinen, Julia, Niittynen, Pekka, Rew, Lisa, Seipel, Tim, Larson, Christian, Speed, James D.M., Ardö, Jonas, Cannone, Nicoletta, Guglielmin, Mauro, Malfasi, Francesco, Bader, Maaike Y., Canessa, Rafaella, Stanisci, Angela, Kreyling, Juergen, Schmeddes, Jonas, Teuber, Laurenz, Aschero, Valeria, Čiliak, Marek, Máliš, František, De Smedt, Pallieter, Govaert, Sanne, Meeussen, Camille, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Gigauri, Khatuna, Lamprecht, Andrea, Pauli, Harald, Steinbauer, Klaus, Winkler, Manuela, Ueyama, Masahito, and Nuñez, Martin A.

Subjects
soil climate, climate change, species distributions, topoclimate, temperature, database, ecosystem processes, microclimate
Abstract

© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes.

Published
2020

23. Species-specific effects of thermal stress on the expression of genetic variation across a diverse group of plant and animal taxa under experimental conditions

Author

Fischer, Klaus, primary, Kreyling, Jürgen, additional, Beaulieu, Michaël, additional, Beil, Ilka, additional, Bog, Manuela, additional, Bonte, Dries, additional, Holm, Stefanie, additional, Knoblauch, Sabine, additional, Koch, Dustin, additional, Muffler, Lena, additional, Mouginot, Pierick, additional, Paulinich, Maria, additional, Scheepens, J. F., additional, Schiemann, Raijana, additional, Schmeddes, Jonas, additional, Schnittler, Martin, additional, Uhl, Gabriele, additional, van der Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke, additional, Weier, Julia M., additional, Wilmking, Martin, additional, Weigel, Robert, additional, and Gienapp, Phillip, additional

Published
2020
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25. Tree growth influenced by warming winter climate and summer moisture availability in northern temperate forests

Author

Harvey, Jill E., primary, Smiljanić, Marko, additional, Scharnweber, Tobias, additional, Buras, Allan, additional, Cedro, Anna, additional, Cruz‐García, Roberto, additional, Drobyshev, Igor, additional, Janecka, Karolina, additional, Jansons, Āris, additional, Kaczka, Ryszard, additional, Klisz, Marcin, additional, Läänelaid, Alar, additional, Matisons, Roberts, additional, Muffler, Lena, additional, Sohar, Kristina, additional, Spyt, Barbara, additional, Stolz, Juliane, additional, Maaten, Ernst, additional, Maaten‐Theunissen, Marieke, additional, Vitas, Adomas, additional, Weigel, Robert, additional, Kreyling, Jürgen, additional, and Wilmking, Martin, additional

Published
2020
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26. Climatically controlled reproduction drives interannual growth variability in a temperate tree species

Author

Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Ascoli, Davide, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Biondi, Franco, Cavin, Liam, Conedera, Marco, Drobyshev, Igor, Liñán, Isabel Dorado, Friend, Andrew, Grabner, Michael, Hartl, Claudia, Kreyling, Juergen, Lebourgeois, François, Levanič, Tom, Menzel, Annette, Van Der Maaten, Ernst, Van Der Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke, Muffler, Lena, Motta, Renzo, Roibu, Catalin-Constantin, Popa, Ionel, Scharnweber, Tobias, Weigel, Robert, Wilmking, Martin, Zang, Christian, University of Liverpool, University of Naples Federico II, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), University of Nevada [Reno], University of Stirling, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), INIA-CIFOR, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Slovenian Forestry Institute, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Institute for Forest Growth, Dept Agr Forest & Food Sci DISAFA, University of Turin, University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava (USU), National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry, John Fell Oxford University Press (OUP) Research Fund (REF161/025), European Union (EU) COST Action PROFOUND (FP1304), research training group RESPONSE - German Research Council (DFG Fi 846/8-1, DFG GRK2010), Office of Research and Innovation at the University of Nevada, Reno (USA), European Project: 282250,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-StG_20101109,E3(2012), Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Johannes Gutenberg - University of Mainz (JGU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Friend, Andrew [0000-0002-9029-1045], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), and Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO)

Subjects
Letter, structural equation modelling, Dendrochronology, Fagus sylvatica, Climate Change, Reproduction, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Trade-off, drought, Forests, masting, Trees, European beech, structural equationmodelling, Structural equation modelling, SEM, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Fagus, forest growth, path analysis, Letters, trade‐off, trade-off
Abstract

International audience; Climatically controlled allocation to reproduction is a key mechanism by which climate influences tree growth and may explain lagged correlations between climate and growth. We used continent‐wide datasets of tree‐ring chronologies and annual reproductive effort in Fagus sylvatica from 1901 to 2015 to characterise relationships between climate, reproduction and growth. Results highlight that variable allocation to reproduction is a key factor for growth in this species, and that high reproductive effort (‘mast years’) is associated with stem growth reduction. Additionally, high reproductive effort is associated with previous summer temperature, creating lagged climate effects on growth. Consequently, understanding growth variability in forest ecosystems requires the incorporation of reproduction, which can be highly variable. Our results suggest that future response of growth dynamics to climate change in this species will be strongly influenced by the response of reproduction.

Published
2018

27. Climatically controlled reproduction drives interannual growth variability in a temperate tree species

Author

Hacket-Pain, Andrew J., Ascoli, Davide, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Biondi, Franco, Cavin, Liam, Conedera, Marco, Drobyshev, Igor, Liñán, Isabel Dorado, Friend, Andrew D., Grabner, Michael, Hartl, Claudia, Kreyling, Juergen, Lebourgeois, François, Levanič, Tom, Menzel, Annette, van der Maaten, Ernst, van der Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke, Muffler, Lena, Motta, Renzo, Roibu, Catalin-Constantin, Popa, Ionel, Scharnweber, Tobias, Weigel, Robert, Wilmking, Martin, and Zang, Christian S.

Subjects
ddc
Published
2018

29. Climatically controlled reproduction drives interannual growth variability in a temperate tree species

Author

Hacket-Pain, Andrew J, Ascoli, Davide, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Biondi, Franco, Cavin, Liam, Conedera, Marco, Drobyshev, Igor, Liñán, Isabel Dorado, Friend, Andrew D, Grabner, Michael, Hartl, Claudia, Kreyling, Juergen, Lebourgeois, François, Levanič, Tom, Menzel, Annette, Van Der Maaten, Ernst, Van Der Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke, Muffler, Lena, Motta, Renzo, Roibu, Catalin-Constantin, Popa, Ionel, Scharnweber, Tobias, Weigel, Robert, Wilmking, Martin, and Zang, Christian S

Subjects
Dendrochronology, Fagus sylvatica, Climate Change, Reproduction, drought, 15. Life on land, structural equation modelling, Forests, masting, European beech, Trees, 13. Climate action, SEM, forest growth, Fagus, path analysis, FOS: Medical biotechnology, trade-off
Abstract

Climatically controlled allocation to reproduction is a key mechanism by which climate influences tree growth and may explain lagged correlations between climate and growth. We used continent-wide datasets of tree-ring chronologies and annual reproductive effort in Fagus sylvatica from 1901 to 2015 to characterise relationships between climate, reproduction and growth. Results highlight that variable allocation to reproduction is a key factor for growth in this species, and that high reproductive effort ('mast years') is associated with stem growth reduction. Additionally, high reproductive effort is associated with previous summer temperature, creating lagged climate effects on growth. Consequently, understanding growth variability in forest ecosystems requires the incorporation of reproduction, which can be highly variable. Our results suggest that future response of growth dynamics to climate change in this species will be strongly influenced by the response of reproduction.

30. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Lembrechts, Jonas J, Van Den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B, De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya MD, Crowther, Thomas W, Bailey, Joseph J, Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H, Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Jake M, Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L, Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C, Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Bell, Michael C, Benavides, Juan C, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berauer, Bernd J, Bjerke, Jarle W, Björk, Robert G, Björkman, Mats P, Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara NS, Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, José Luís, Campoe, Otávio C, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L, Cifuentes, Edgar F, Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R, Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N, De Pablo, Miguel Angel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D, Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M, Exton, Dan A, Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Fernández Calzado, M Rosa, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Higgens, Rebecca Finger, Forte, T'ai GW, Freeman, Erika C, Frei, Esther R, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A, García, María B, Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Graae, Bente Jessen, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoit, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H, Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V, Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S, Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T, Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin Antoni, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A, Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M, Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I, Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, Le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I, Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Mazzolari, Ana Clara, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, Mesquita, Rita De Cássia Guimarães, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip, Michaletz, Sean T, Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Morra Di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonathan R, Muffler, Lena, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonathan A, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B, Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo D, Nouvellon, Yann, Nuñez, Martin A, Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Olesen, Jørgen Eivind, Opedal, Øystein H, Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V, Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Aníbal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D, Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M, Penuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S, Phoenix, Gareth K, Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Pușcaș, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C, Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A, Robroek, Bjorn JM, Rocha, Adrian V, Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, Rubtsov, Alexey V, Saccone, Patrick, Sagot, Clotilde, Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan, Santos, Cinthya C, Sarneel, Judith M, Scharnweber, Tobias, Schmeddes, Jonas, Schmidt, Marius, Scholten, Thomas, Schuchardt, Max, Schwartz, Naomi, Scott, Tony, Seeber, Julia, Segalin De Andrade, Ana Cristina, Seipel, Tim, Semenchuk, Philipp, Senior, Rebecca A, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Sewerniak, Piotr, Shekhar, Ankit, Sidenko, Nikita V, Siebicke, Lukas, Siegwart Collier, Laura, Simpson, Elizabeth, Siqueira, David P, Sitková, Zuzana, Six, Johan, Smiljanic, Marko, Smith, Stuart W, Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Somers, Ben, Sørensen, Mia Vedel, Souza, José João LL, Souza, Bartolomeu Israel, Souza Dias, Arildo, Spasojevic, Marko J, Speed, James DM, Spicher, Fabien, Stanisci, Angela, Steinbauer, Klaus, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Steinwandter, Michael, Stemkovski, Michael, Stephan, Jörg G, Stiegler, Christian, Stoll, Stefan, Svátek, Martin, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tagesson, Torbern, Tanentzap, Andrew J, Tanneberger, Franziska, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Thomas, Haydn JD, Thomas, Andrew D, Tielbörger, Katja, Tomaselli, Marcello, Treier, Urs Albert, Trouillier, Mario, Turtureanu, Pavel Dan, Tutton, Rosamond, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A, Ueyama, Masahito, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Uogintas, Domas, Urban, Anastasiya V, Urban, Josef, Urbaniak, Marek, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Vaccari, Francesco Primo, Van De Vondel, Stijn, Van Den Brink, Liesbeth, Van Geel, Maarten, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Varlagin, Andrej, Veen, GF, Veenendaal, Elmar, Venn, Susanna E, Verbeeck, Hans, Verbrugggen, Erik, Verheijen, Frank GA, Villar, Luis, Vitale, Luca, Vittoz, Pascal, Vives-Ingla, Maria, Von Oppen, Jonathan, Walz, Josefine, Wang, Runxi, Wang, Yifeng, Way, Robert G, Wedegärtner, Ronja EM, Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Wilkinson, Matthew, Wilmking, Martin, Wingate, Lisa, Winkler, Manuela, Wipf, Sonja, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Xenakis, Georgios, Yang, Yan, Yu, Zicheng, Yu, Kailiang, Zellweger, Florian, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Zhaochen, Zhao, Peng, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Zimmermann, Reiner, Zong, Shengwei, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I, Nijs, Ivan, and Lenoir, Jonathan

Subjects
soil temperature, Climate Change, Temperature, soil-dwelling organisms, Microclimate, 15. Life on land, weather stations, near-surface temperatures, Soil, bioclimatic variables, 13. Climate action, temperature offset, global maps, Ecosystem
Abstract

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

31. Winter and spring frost events delay leaf-out, hamper growth and increase mortality in European beech seedlings, with weaker effects of subsequent frosts.

Author

Muffler L, Weigel R, Beil I, Leuschner C, Schmeddes J, and Kreyling J

Abstract

The persistence of plant populations depends crucially on successful regeneration. Yet, little is known about the effects of consecutive winter and spring frost events on the regeneration stage of trees from different seed sources, although this will partly determine the success of climate warming-driven poleward range shifts. In a common garden experiment with European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) seedlings from winter 2015/2016 to autumn 2017, we studied how simulated successive spring and winter frost events affect leaf-out dates, growth performance, and survival rates of 1- to 2-year-old seedlings from provenances differing in climate at origin. We further investigated the combined effects of successive frost events. The first spring frost after germination led to a mortality rate up to 75%, resulting in reduced seedling numbers but better frost tolerance of the survivors, as reflected in a weaker impact of the following winter frost event in the survivors compared to the non-acclimated control. Final plant height was most strongly reduced by the spring frost in the second year. The winter frost event delayed leaf-out by up to 40 days, leading to severe growth impairment in 2017. Our results indicate partly successful frost acclimation and/or the selection of frost-hardier individuals, because the negative growth effects of consecutive frost events did not add up after exposure to more than one event. Both mechanisms may help to increase the frost tolerance of beech offspring. Nevertheless, mortality after the first spring frost was high, and frost exposure generally caused growth reductions. Thus, achieving higher frost tolerance may not be sufficient for beech seedlings to overcome frost-induced reductions in competitive strength caused by winter frost damage and delayed leaf enfolding., Competing Interests: All authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2024 The Author(s). Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
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32. Climatically controlled reproduction drives interannual growth variability in a temperate tree species.

Author

Hacket-Pain AJ, Ascoli D, Vacchiano G, Biondi F, Cavin L, Conedera M, Drobyshev I, Liñán ID, Friend AD, Grabner M, Hartl C, Kreyling J, Lebourgeois F, Levanič T, Menzel A, van der Maaten E, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, Muffler L, Motta R, Roibu CC, Popa I, Scharnweber T, Weigel R, Wilmking M, and Zang CS

Subjects
Climate Change, Forests, Reproduction, Fagus, Trees growth & development
Abstract

Climatically controlled allocation to reproduction is a key mechanism by which climate influences tree growth and may explain lagged correlations between climate and growth. We used continent-wide datasets of tree-ring chronologies and annual reproductive effort in Fagus sylvatica from 1901 to 2015 to characterise relationships between climate, reproduction and growth. Results highlight that variable allocation to reproduction is a key factor for growth in this species, and that high reproductive effort ('mast years') is associated with stem growth reduction. Additionally, high reproductive effort is associated with previous summer temperature, creating lagged climate effects on growth. Consequently, understanding growth variability in forest ecosystems requires the incorporation of reproduction, which can be highly variable. Our results suggest that future response of growth dynamics to climate change in this species will be strongly influenced by the response of reproduction., (© 2018 The Authors Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2018
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