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This study investigates Land Use Land Cover changes in the Chattogram metropolitan area, the second-largest city in Bangladesh. Using a questionnaire survey of 150 local inhabitants, the study explores perceived human-induced causes of landslides. Using time series Landsat images, this study also analyzes Land Use Land Cover changes from 1990 to 2020. The analysis reveals built-up area extended rapidly during 1990–2020. In 1990, total built-up area was 82.13 km2, which in 30 years, stood at 451.34 km2. Conversely, total vegetative area decreased rapidly. In 1990, total vegetation area was 364.31 km2, which reduced to 130.44 km2 in 2020. The survey results show that most of the respondents faced landslide therefore; it is nothing new among them. Respondents were identified several reasons for landslide like extensive rainfall, hill cutting, steep hill, weak soil texture, etc. A large number of local people opined that diverse human activities are causes of landslide in their local area and it has impacted on their livelihood. Chi-square test suggests that there are statistically significant differences between local and non-local inhabitants regarding their opinion on whether excessive hill cutting is alone responsible for landslide and whether deforestation is the sole reason for landslide. This study also used four multinomial logistic regression (MLR) to examine the effects of independent variables like gender, age, level of education, income, housing pattern and experience of facing landslide on their perception of human-induced causes of landslide. Findings show that age and experience of facing landslide are two significant predictors for the first model, explaining excessive hill cutting was alone responsible for landslide. Level of education and experience of facing landslide are found statistically significant for explaining our second model that is building infrastructures solely causes landslide. Moreover, our third model claims only deforestation can be blamed for landslide which is significantly explained by three predictors, namely gender, age and income. Finally, we found our fourth model that is landslide occurs only due to excessive sand collection is significantly explained by participant's gender, level of education, and income.

The prime and foremost purpose of this study was to explore climate change perception among indigenous people living in Sylhet, Bangladesh. This study also tried to investigate the nexus between some socio-demographic dimensions of the respondents and their perception regarding climate change. The present study followed descriptive-explanative research design where survey method used to collect necessary data. In case of survey method, a self-developed semi structured questionnaire was provided to the respondents for collecting relevant data. Total number of population was 75 and 63 respondents has been interviewed following the sample size estimation of Nurul Islam (2011). Findings of this study revealed that, there is a statistically significant difference between some socio-demographic dimensions (like; Age, Family type, Education and Income) and climate change perception. Furthermore, no statistically significant relationship found between Gender, Religion, Savings and climate change perception of the respondents. The present study is useful for the policy makers to take necessary steps for making people aware about climate change which is must needed for the upcoming days as; various study claims Bangladesh as one of the most vulnerable county to the impacts of climate change.

Climate change is likely to worsen the food security situation through its impact on food production, which may indirectly affect fertility behaviour. This study examines the direct and indirect effects of climate change (e.g., temperature and precipitation) via the production of major crops, as well as their short- and long-term effects on the total fertility rate (TFR) in Bangladesh. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to perform path analysis and distinguish the direct influence of climate change on fertility and its indirect influence on fertility through food security. We also applied the error correction model (ECM) to analyze the time-series data on temperature and precipitation, crop production and fertility rate of Bangladesh from 1966 to 2015. The results show that maximum temperature has a direct effect and indirect negative effect–via crop production–on TFR, while crop production has a direct positive effect and indirect negative effect–via infant mortality–on TFR. In the short term, TFR responds negatively to the maximum temperature but positively in the long term. The effect of rainfall on TFR is found to be direct, positive, but mainly short-term. Although indicators of economic development play an important part in the fertility decline in Bangladesh, some climate change parameters and crop production are non-negligible factors.

Since climate change education is an integral element in the increasingly urgent global approach to solving the problem of climate change, understanding perceptions of climate change among teachers in different academic institutions could play a significant role in how and to what extent institutions address the need to educate learners on this subject, specifically, and participate in other climate change mitigation strategies, in general. This study, therefore, examines teachers’ perceptions of climate change regarding its significance, causes, consequences, and mitigation, through analysis of a self-administered structured questionnaire completed by 95 teachers from public and private educational institutions in the city of Sylhet in Bangladesh. Results from descriptive and inferential statistical analysis show that public and private school teachers have an understanding of climate change regarding its significance, causes, consequences, and mitigation. The results also reveal that the sociodemographic characteristics of teachers, as well as academic-related factors, influence their perceptions of climate change. This research concludes that teachers in public institutions have a greater awareness and understanding of climate change than those working in private schools. The research findings have broader implications for further research and policy recommendations and, in particular, draw the attention of the Departments of Education and Disaster Management in Bangladesh or in countries with similar contexts to introduce environmental and disaster education and training opportunities for teachers.

This article evaluates the impact of upstream water withdrawal on downstream land use and livelihood changes in the Teesta River basin, using a combination of geospatial and social data. Results show that water bodies gradually decreased, indicating a low volume of water discharge from upstream of the Teesta River basin due to the construction of several barrages. During the study period, a significant change in the area of water bodies was observed between 2012 and 2016, from 881 to 1123 Ha, respectively. The cropland area increased because farmers changed their cropping practice due to water scarcity and floods. Trend analyses of riverbank erosion and accretion patterns suggest an increase in accretion rates compared to the rate of riverbank erosion. A household survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire where 450 respondents have participated (farmers: 200 and fishermen: 250). Survey results show that most of the farmers (65.5%) and fishermen (76.8%) think that the construction of upstream barrages caused harm to them. The majority of farmers and fishermen feel water scarcity, mainly in the dry season. We found that a large number of participants in the study area are willing to change their occupations. Furthermore, participants observed that many local people are migrating or willing to migrate to other places nowadays. Our study also found that farmers who face water scarcity in their area are more likely to change their location than their counterparts, while those who face problems in their cultivation are less likely to move. On the other hand, upstream barrages, fishing effects, and getting support in crisis significantly predict fishermen's occupation changes. We believe our results provide essential information on the significance of transboundary water-sharing treaties, sustainable water resource management, and planning.

This study investigates Land Use Land Cover changes in the Chattogram metropolitan area, the second largest city in Bangladesh. Using a questionnaire survey of 150 local inhabitants, the study explores perceived human-induced causes of landslides. Using time series Landsat images this study also analyzes Land Use Land Cover changes from 1990 to 2020. The analysis reveals built-up area extended rapidly during 1990 to 2020. In 1990, total built up area was 82.13km², which in 30 years, stood at 451.34km². Conversely, total vegetative area decreased rapidly. In 1990, total vegetation area was 364.31km², which reduced to 130.44 km² in 2020. The survey respondents identified extensive rainfall, hill cutting, steep hill, and weak soil texture as several reasons for landslide. Findings show that age and experience of facing landslide are two significant predictors to explain whether excessive hill cutting is solely responsible for landslide. Level of education and experience of facing landslide are statistically significant in explaining building infrastructure as solitary cause to landslide. Gender, age and income of the respondents significantly explain deforestation as the only responsible for landslide. Finally, gender, level of education, and income of the respondents significantly explain only excessive sand collection causes landslide.

Climate change and associated extreme climatic hazards are the most pressing issues in the world of climate emergency. It is now widely recognised that climate change research is important for education and reorienting education in the current climate emergency. In facing the adverse effects of climate change, educational institutions, particularly universities, play an essential role in creating and promoting knowledge and integrating climate change issues into their teaching and research programmes. Therefore, this chapter carried out a systematic review of the literature on how academic institutions shape perceptions of climate change and how climate change perceptions vary in terms of types of educational institutions, disciplinary backgrounds, and experiences with climate-related extreme events. The chapter also covered a discussion from relevant literature to understand climate change perception at the university, college or school level. The chapter also aimed to add a critical review of how and why climate change perceptions vary between teachers and students. The literature review findings demonstrated that teachers and students have a well understanding of climate change. Moreover, there is a consensus among them that climate change is happening globally, and the significant cause is human-induced. Several factors influence and even lead the variations of climate change understanding between teachers and students: socio-demographics, the experience of climatic disasters, climate change-related education, and involvement in environmental activities. The research’s broader implication includes promoting climate change education and awareness-raising programmes across the disciplines of academic institutions to minimise the risk of climate change and address appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies.

This study addresses the perceptions of indigenous people in Bangladesh in relation to the causes and impacts of climate change and how they use their indigenous knowledge to manage their forest resources and apply a variety of coping strategies in the face of climate change. This study selected two indigenous communities living in Lawachara Punji (Khasia community, 18 households) and in Dolubari/Dulahazra (Tripura community, 60 households). This study used purposive sampling and collected information through a survey questionnaire as well as in-depth interviews. Findings show some differences between the two indigenous communities in terms of their beliefs about the causes and impacts of climate change, as well their perceptions, techniques, and knowledge as indigenous people in terms of managing their forest resources and coping with the effects of climate change. Tripura respondents believe that climate change has had adverse impacts on humans and that human activities are responsible for climate change, while Khasia respondents hold different beliefs in these respects. Khasia respondents emphasize government responsibility, raising public awareness, and the various roles people need to perform to mitigate the effects of climate change. Findings from this kind of study can provide a deeper understanding of people’s views of the causes and impacts of climate change and related dimensions, including forest resource management and coping strategies in terms of indigenous beliefs and practices. These findings can contribute to policy making in countries like Bangladesh that are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, contributing to environmental sustainability in developing countries.

The prime and foremost purpose of this study was to explore climate change perception among indigenous people living in Sylhet, Bangladesh. This study also tried to investigate the nexus between some socio-demographic dimensions of the respondents and their perception regarding climate change. The present study followed descriptive-explanative research design where survey method used to collect necessary data. In case of survey method, a self-developed semi structured questionnaire was provided to the respondents for collecting relevant data. Total number of population was 75 and 63 respondents has been interviewed following the sample size estimation of Nurul Islam (2011). Findings of this study revealed that, there is a statistically significant difference between some socio-demographic dimensions (like; Age, Family type, Education and Income) and climate change perception. Furthermore, no statistically significant relationship found between Gender, Religion, Savings and climate c...