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In this study, we have analyzed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) consequences on the heat and mass transmission within unsteady dissipated liquid film flow. Flow is generated due to stretchable surface accompanied with effects of ohmic heating, chemical reaction and heat absorption. Moreover, the flow governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are further modified into equivalent ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by applying regular perturbation method to get its analytical solution after that we have applied sixth-order Runge–Kutta technique to get its numerical solution. These two solutions are validating each other in the simulations. Figures are plotted to study the changes in physical quantities like skin friction coefficient, concentration, velocity, temperature, Sherwood and Nusselt number with the variations of Prandtl numbers Pr, parameters of chemical reaction [Formula: see text], Eckert numbers Ec, magnetic parameter Ha (also known as Hartman number) Schmidt number and coefficient of heat absorption [Formula: see text].

CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry The Aga Khan University CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry The Aga Khan University CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry King Khaled Hospital Hail King Khaled Hospital Hail Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences Health Promotion Bureau, Minstry of Health, Sri Lanka Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust English Division of Medical University of Łódź Queen Alexandra Hospital Portsmouth Royal Hampshire County Hospital Winchester Children Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Lahore Abstract Background Incidence of stroke is persistently increasing followed by effective medical treatment resulting in high number of stroke survivors. Post stroke recovery is critical necessitating sufficient knowledge, effective prevention and control of chronic diseases, pre-existing complications, and potential risk factors. Objective This study aimed to identify and evaluate potential risks and prognostic factors that can negatively influence post stroke rehabilitation in order to prevent, readily diagnose, and promptly manage the most common manifestations of stroke. Study Design Cross-sectional observational study conducted at Stroke Rehabilitation Center, Lahore, Pakistan with the sample size of 120 patients, selected by using convenient sampling. Results One hundred and twenty stroke survivors admitted in neurorehabilitation center (Age Mean±SD 56.9±12.2) were classified into 4 groups based on Modified Rankin scale: Mild (17.5%), Moderate (26.6%), Moderate to severe (39.1%), and severe impairment (16.6%). The major modifiable post stroke complications included depression (91%) and anxiety (84%). Acute infections (RTI n=69, 58%, UTI n=78, 65%) and poorly managed chronic disorders such as DM (n=59, 49.1%, 95% CI 0.5-2.5), HTN (n=34, 28%, 95% CI 1.7-2.5), and Kidney failure (n=12, 10%, 95% CI 0.4-3.5) were strongly associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion Incidence of stroke was found to be more common in adults (Age: Range=44-69 years, Mean=56.9) with no gender predominance. Most common post stroke complications were depression and anxiety, significantly influencing the recovery process. The severity of the post stroke neurological deficit was positively associated with the frequency of complications and poor neurorehabilitation. Knowledge of post stroke recovery process and effects of various factors on it is essential for the implication of effective clinical and rehabilitation interventions to minimize morbidity and subsequent post stroke disability. Keywords: brain injury. stroke recovery, neurorehabilitation, disability, stroke management

This study examines viscoelastic fractional nanofluid flow through Darcy medium. Memory characteristics due to elasticity are explored with noninteger time derivatives. The unsteady motion of MHD flow is modeled by nonlinear differential equations. Buoyancy forces are incorporated via convection parameters in the flow domain. Fractional relaxation time is considered to control the propagation speed of temperature. A finite difference, along with finite element, a numerical algorithm has been developed for the computation of governing flow equations. Friction coefficient, Sherwood numbers, and Nusselt numbers are computed for the noninteger derivative model. Simulations revealed that noninteger numbers have congruous behavior for concentration, temperature, and velocity fields. It is also noted that heat flux, δ 1 , and mass flux, δ 2 , numbers have contradictory effects on the friction coefficient. Various flows, particularly in polymer industries and electrospinning for the production of nanofibers, can be tackled in a comparable pattern.

In this paper, we will define a new metric space called n-gonal graphical b-metric space. We will also prove some fixed point theorems in said metric space and give suitable examples to illustrate our results. These results will help to solve many nonlinear convex models in machine learning and optimization by formulating them in fixed point schemes of optimization. Our paper opens the door for researchers to work in the intersecting area of machine learning and functional analysis in the frame work of [Formula: see text]-gonal graphical [Formula: see text]-metric space.

This analysis explores stagnation point in Jeffery liquid flow over a stretchable cylinder. Heat and mass transfer are investigated through Cattaneo–Christov model with double stratification, heat source and thermal relaxation. Moreover, the flow of liquid is caused by stretchable cylinder. Cylindrical coordinates are used for mathematical formulations. The acquired boundary layer problems for stretchable cylinder are dealt through homotopy analysis method. Results of variables appeared in governing equations are disclosed through graphs for flow, temperature, concentration and skin friction. The findings of the study show that higher values of ratio parameter and Deborah number in terms of relaxation time reduce magnitude of drag coefficient while reverse trend is noted for larger Deborah number in terms of retardation time and curvature parameter. Comparison of present work with previous published date is presented.

Heat transfer in a time-dependent flow of incompressible viscoelastic Maxwell fluid induced by a stretching surface has been investigated under the effects of heat radiation and chemical reaction. The magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the direction of flow. Velocity, temperature, and concentration are functions of z and t for the modeled boundary-layer flow problem. To have a hereditary effect, the time-fractional Caputo derivative is incorporated. The pressure gradient is assumed to be zero. The governing equations are non-linear, coupled and Boussinesq approximation is assumed for the formulation of the momentum equation. To solve the derived model numerically, the spatial variables are discretized by employing the finite element method and the Caputo-time derivatives are approximated using finite difference approximations. It reveals that the fractional derivative strengthens the flow field. We also observe that the magnetic field and relaxation time suppress the velocity. The lower Reynolds number enhances the viscosity and thus motion weakens slowly. The velocity initially decreases with increasing unsteadiness parameter δ. Temperature is an increasing function of heat radiation parameter but a decreasing one for the volumetric heat absorption parameter. The increasing value of the chemical reaction parameter decreases concentration. The Prandtl and Schmidt numbers adversely affect the temperature and concentration profiles respectively. The fractional parameter changes completely the velocity profiles. The Maxwell fluids modeled by the fractional differential equations flow faster than the ordinary fluid at small values of the time t but become slower for large values of the time t.

Two different frames’ temperature creates thermal transport that gives advantage in energy fabrication in the power sector, burning in microscopic devices, and for remedy transport through heat transfer in materials. Here the article scrutinizes the transport of head utilizing the thermo-sloutal time’s relaxation, and aspects of non-Fick’s flux with variable conductivity and mass diffusivity in Carreau fluid have been elaborated. The magnetic aspect is also examined in a bidirectional stretched surface. The numerical procedure of ODEs via bvp4c method has been aimed at the solutions of influential parameters. The portrayal of influential factors is also presented. The intensifying behavior has been noted on concentration and temperature scattering when inconsistent thermal conductivity and variable mass diffusivity boost up. Furthermore, the temperature and concentration relaxation times are incorporated for the better understanding of the flow problem. The assessments of current article with former literature are also presented for the endorsement of outcomes.

This exertion is part of a liable approach for the advancement of nanotechnology and nanoscience to scrutinize the thermal and rheological aspects of the nanofluids. The conformist heat transport fluids are broadly reported to be one of the notable reasons of the reduced enactment of heat transport tools, boosting the energy charges. For this concern to be stable, nanofluids have been familiarized as probable proxies to the conformist fluids because of their intensify aptitude of heat transport coefficient. Here, the up-front goal is to investigate the aspect of nonlinear radiated and chemical reaction with aspects of Arrhenius activation energy in Carreau nanofluid. Additionally, mixed convection, MHD, and new mass flux theory is explored. The framed system is envisioned numerically via bvp4c. Temperature field intensifies against enhanced values of radiation and thermophoresis parameters, respectively. Concentration has conflicted performance for escalating activation energy and Brownian motion parameters, respectively.

Nanofluids can be engineered as per requirements and have applications in microelectronic, therapeutic activities, hybrid-mechanical machineries, aeronautics zones, thermonuclear storehouses, shielding of miscellaneous engines etc. Here, the aspects of new mass flux theory in magneto Carreau nanofluid with convective and variable connectivity have been studied. Additionally, nonlinear properties of mixed convection are examined. The shear thinning–thickening properties are analysed by utilising bvp4c algorithm for influential variables. The fluid temperature increases with thermophoresis and variable conductivity parameters. The outcomes of thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters have conflicting influences on concentration field.

The addressed work explains SWCNTs (Single walled carbon nanotubnes) and MWCNTs (Multi walled carbon nanotubnes) nanofluid flow under the influences of temperature dependent viscosity and mixed convection. Comparative study of SWCNTs and MWCNTs suspended in base liquid is presented. Further heat and mass transfer are addressed for nanofluid effected by radiation, heat generation/absorption and diffusion species. Mathematical development of problem is taken in cylindrical coordinates. System of highly nonlinear differential equations are constructed via appropriate transformations. The system of equations are tackled numerically by bvp4c MATLAB solver. The findings of the study show that larger volume fraction $$\left( \phi \right)$$ ϕ contributes to enhance the nanoliquid flow. The velocity by submerging MWCNTs is noted higher than SWCNTs. Furthermore, the relationship between the viscosity variable $$\left( \theta _{r}\right)$$ θ r and the temperature is such that the temperature near the surface decreases with increase in $$\left( \theta _{r}\right)$$ θ r , while at the same time the temperature away from the surface increases. Subsequently, higher temperature is observed in SWCNTs-liquid compared to the MWCNTs-liquid to the similar values of $$\left( \theta _{r}\right)$$ θ r . Further, heat transfer is an increasing function of varying viscosity variable $$\left( \theta _{r}\right)$$ θ r .

Fractional MHD viscoelastic fluid flow has been discussed in this study. Two dimensional and two directional unsteady flow field is more critically analyzed via non-integer time derivatives. Three memory parameters are incorporated to explore the viscoelastic characteristics of the model. Variations in concentration occurred due to homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions in the flow domain. Change in concentrations consequently leads to one of the lasting chemical species. Heterogeneous reactions are observed at the boundary while homogeneous reactions are seen in the flowing region. We consider different orders of diffusion coefficients of chemical reacting species to tackle the wider class of physical and chemical processes. Governing equations are nonlinear in nature. Hence a recently established finite difference technique along with “L1 algorithm” is used for discretization and solution of governing fractional partial differential equations. Presence of chemical reactions in flow process made the simulations valuable for chemical industry.

In this communication we have examined the magneto-hydrodynamic flow of viscoelastic liquid with revise version of thermal flux. Thermal conductivity of the fluid is variable. Effects of body forces such as gravity are also examined in terms of convection. Non-integer time derivatives are used for the better understanding of viscoelastic flow characteristics. In literature, these derivatives have been proved suitable for the predictions of hereditary systems such as viscoelastic flows. Heat transfer is analyzed in the flow field via modified fractional thermal gradient. Temperature gradient exists between the flow boundaries and increases with the passage of time. Flow is generated by the variable movement of flow boundary. All the segments of numerical modeling are completely addressed in this paper i.e. physical system, mathematical model, simulation, prediction, validation and verification. Unsteady motion of in-compressible fluid is directed by differential equations with fractional partial derivatives, for the solutions of these equations numerical techniques are necessary to use. Governing equations with appropriate flow conditions have been discretized by finite difference along with finite element algorithms. Theoretical error appraisals are hypothesized and created numerical plan has been approved by doing error investigations numerically regarding spatial directions. We have shown the estimate error and plotted the error curves in logarithmic scales of L 2 ( Ω ) and H 1 ( Ω ) norms by taking absolute approximations of the space discretization. Local Nusselt number and coefficients of skin friction are determined for non-integer viscoelastic model. Flow field is simulated for various values of physical parameters. The obtained results showed that fractional exponent α has opposite effects on the velocity, temperature profiles for time t = 2 . It is also noted that temperature gradient increases by the increase of fractional number α and thermal relaxation parameter γ . Viscoelastic flows in polymer and plastics industries can be addressed by similar technique.

This article presents unsteady, magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) flow of viscoelastic fluid through porous medium. Constitutive relationship for this model is established by fractional calculus approach. Flow is considered between two parallel plates of infinite length. Finite element-finite difference scheme is used for the solution of the governing nonlinear partial differential equation. Influence of the fractional flow parameters on the velocity profile and skin friction coefficient is shown by graphical illustrations. Numerical values are also computed for the skin friction coefficient. It is expected that present work helps as a motivation for modeling further porous medium flows that involve catalytic converters, gas turbines and condensers.

Bimodal porous structures were prepared by combining conventional sacrificial template and partial sintering methods. These porous structures were analysed by comparing pore characteristics and gas permeation properties of alumina/mullite specimens sintered at different temperatures. The pore characteristics were investigated by SEM, mercury porosimetry, and capillary flow porosimetry. A bimodal pore structure was observed. One type of pore was induced by starch, which acted as a sacrificial template. The other pore type was due to partial sintering. The pores produced by starch were between 2 and 10 µm whereas those produced by partial sintering exhibited pore size of 0.1–0.5 µm. The effects of sintering temperature on porosity, gas permeability, and mullite phase formation were studied. The formation of the mullite phase was confirmed by XRD. Compressive strengths of 37.9 MPa and 12.4 MPa with porosities of 65.3% and 70% were achieved in alumina and mullite specimens sintered at 1600 °C.

Influence of electric and magnetic fields in a nonlinear viscoelastic flow is studied in this communication. Microscopic description of Joule heating can be seen with the proposed model. Fractional formulation of the problem with Cattaneo–Maxwell model leads to oscillation and relaxation processes that show memory and delay of thermal and diffusing flux. Abrupt change in temperature and concentration in MHD flow can be controlled with this formalism. Time-dependent flow is governed by highly nonlinear fractional differential equations. Finite-element–finite-difference algorithm is used to solve the fractional coupled fields and flow dynamics problem. Remarkable physical parameters are calculated to signify the importance of problem under observation. Modeled problem can be tackled in numerous ways to obtain accurate simulations in polymer and electromagnetic casting industries.

This article presents the phase dynamics of an inline long Josephson junction in voltage state under the influence of constant external magnetic field. Fractional calculus approach is used to model the evolution of the phase difference between the macroscopic wave functions of the two superconductors across the junction. The governing non-linear partial differential equation is then solved using finite difference-finite element schemes. Other quantities of interest like Josephson current density and voltage across the junction are also computed. The effects of various parameters in the model on phase difference,Josephson current density and voltage are analyzed graphically with the help of numerical simulations.

An ordered semiconductor has a crystalline lattice in which charge carriers move around by the Gaussian process of normal diffusion. The mean square displacement (MSD) of these charge carriers is proportional to time. On the contrary, the movement of carriers in a material with a non-crystalline structure such as amorphous semiconductors is considered to be non-Gaussian in nature. In this case, MSD is proportional to some power of time. Diffusion in this type of transport mechanism is classified as anomalous diffusion. The usual drift-diffusion equation (DDE) cannot adequately describe this process because it has non-Gaussian and dispersive transport mechanisms. Fractional calculus has been used to generalize the standard DDE to a time fractional equation in order to include the hereditary effects of the carrier transport. For power devices, the distribution and conduction of heat is the primary criteria considered when making a device. Therefore, an equation for heat conduction is added to the model for inclusion of variable temperature. The coupled system is solved using a Numerical scheme wherein Finite Difference method has been employed to discretize the Riemann - Liouville time derivative of order α and the space variable. The effects of different physical factors such as light intensity, heat and applied electric field are discussed with the help of graphical illustrations.

Recently, nanofluids are habitually proficient to provide a process to intensify the probable heat transport of a structure with quite rare harmful influences formed by its addition. The usage of nanofluids and their optimum attentions has develop a range of prodigious concern with diverse nanofluid applications existence key to a structures attainment or interruption. Here the phenomena of activation energy and radiation in chemically reactive stagnation point Maxwell nanofluid have been elaborated. The magnetic properties with the influence of chemical reaction is also explored. The thermophoretic and Brownian dispersal are incorporated by utilizing the theory of Buongiorno model. The suitable conversions yield PDEs into ODEs. The facets of momentous parameters are examined via homotopic algorithm. The Brownian motion factor reports conflicting impact on temperature and concentration fields, respectively. The concentration field enhances for activation energy factor and decays for fitted rate constant. The Nusselt number decays for higher thermophoretic and Brownian factors.

In the arena of pharmaceutical, nanotechnology and nanoscience numerous scientists are fascinated to explore the notion of nanofluid because nanofluids are two-phase ingredients comprising of disreputable fluid and nanoparticles which have notable possessions of heat transportation. Nanofluids are of boundless worth due to the higher enactment on progress of thermal act. This exertion sightsee the thought of new mass flux and activation energy in magnetized transient Carreau nanofluid with variable conductivity. The convective phenomenon, heat sink-source and chemical reaction are also scrutinized. The bvp4c algorithm exploited for solutions of ODEs. The outcomes of influential parameters are sketched graphically and in tabular shape. The temperature field escalates for Biot number and falloff for Prandtl number. The thermophoretic and activation energy parameters have analogous influence on concentration scattering and intensify the concentration field. Furthermore, the comparative fallouts are acknowledged and attained outstanding agreement.

Convective phenomena in a nanofluid flow under the influence of gravitational and magnetic body forces is analyzed in this communication. Nanofluid is of viscoelastic nature that preserves viscosity as well as elasticity. In order to capture the more realistic behavior of the convective phenomena Caputo fractional derivative and fractional relaxation time are introduced in the Buongiorno nanofluid model. Fractional derivative and relaxation time are used for controlled flow mechanism and to overcome infinite propagation speed for the temperature and concentration. The proposed model will also help to understand the hereditary and memory properties of the viscoelastic nanofluid. In order to more closely analyze the buoyancy forces nonlinear convection is introduced in the mathematical modeling of the flow problem. Finite difference-finite element numerical computations are carried out for the governing nonlinear partial differential equations. Quantities of physical interest are computed and discussed for the fractional model. The proposed fractional model can be used to realistically simulate various flow problems in polymer and chemical industries.

Heat transfer through a Forchheimer medium in an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) developed differential-type fluid flow is analyzed numerically in this study. The boundary layer flow is modeled with the help of the fractional calculus approach. The fluid is confined between infinite parallel plates and flows by motion of the plates in their own plane. Both the plates have variable surface temperature. Governing partial differential equations with appropriate initial and boundary conditions are solved by employing a finite-difference scheme to discretize the fractional time derivative and finite-element discretization for spatial variables. Coefficients of skin friction and local Nusselt numbers are computed for the fractional model. The flow behavior is presented for various values of the involved parameters. The influence of different dimensionless numbers on skin friction and Nusselt number is discussed by tabular results. Forchheimer medium flows that involve catalytic converters and gas turbines can be modeled in a similar manner.

This paper presents magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point flow of second grade fluid over a permeable stretching cylinder. Analysis has been carried out with heat and mass transfer. Viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects are also investigated. Suitable transformations are used to convert non-linear partial differential equations into the non-linear ordinary differential equations. Variation of different parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are shown graphically. Numerical values of skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are computed. Comparison of f″(0), −θ′(0) and −c′(0) with the previous results are also examined.

A total of 1800 Fayoumi chicks, 28 day-old of age, were used in this study to determine the effects of two levels of Aloe vera leaves on performance and immune parameters. Basal Fayoumi’s diet supplementation with 0, 1.0 or 2.0% Aloe vera leaves was investigated. The chicks were randomly divided into 9 separate floor pens each comprising 200 chicks and three pens (replicates) per treatment group in a completely randomized design. At the end of study, birds fed diets supplemented with 1.0 or 2.0% Aloe vera leaves had greater body weight gain, better feed intake and feed efficiency than those fed diets without Aloe vera leaves. Low morality was recorded in treatment groups. The geometric means HI titres of birds fed on diets containing Aloe vera leaves were higher than those fed on control. Aloe vera leaves included in the Fayoumi’s diet upto 1.0 or 2.0% did not have any deleterious effects on their performance and immunity.

We present a case of bladder leiomyoma and concurrent left lower ureteric leiomyoma in a sixty-two year old Bahraini male without any other comorbid conditions. He had infrequent hematuria for the last two years; it was associated with burning and discomfort during urination, frequency and urgency. Urine culture did not reveal any growth. Contrast CT abdomen revealed a mass in the bladder and lower ureteral narrowing with hydronephrosis. Histopathology of both lesions revealed leiomyoma. Limited resection with subsequent stenting saved patient from having major surgery. The patient was followed up after removal of left ureteric stent. He had MAG3 (Mercapto Acetyl Triglycine) scan, which was satisfactory with no restriction to drainage.

Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms has been employed for the measurement of the total electron impact cross sections of the ground state 62S1/2 of 133Cs atoms in the energy range from 80 to 500 eV. The total electron impact cross sections of the cold Cs atoms in the MOT were measured by observing the decay of the MOT after the interaction with the electron beam, and were found to depend only on the electron flux and not on the total number of atoms in the MOT. We confirm and extend the existing data on these measurements.

International audience; Performance of a System in-Package (SiP) module is evaluated in this paper. The solution consists of a Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) excited by a Power Amplifier (PA).The impact of the bond wire and the closed proximity of the PA element have been considered in the simulation for the co-design of this highly integrated sub-system. Experimental results show a total EIRP of 21 dBm measured for the PA/DRA configuration.

International audience; A Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) for a System in Package (SiP) millimeter wave transmitter is proposed. A commercially available Quad-Flat No-leads (QFN) package is chosen and the DRA is designed taking into account the package environment. The final design shows a 14% impedance bandwidth (56.5 GHz - 65 GHz @VSWR=2) with a maximum realized gain of 8 dBi. The package is considered as well as the different interconnections between the Si-chip and access pads, thus offering a SMD (Surface Mounted Device) antenna solution fulfilling the unlicensed 60 GHz band requirements for short range communications.

International audience; In this paper, a completely packaged solution is presented for high data rate radio front end operating around 60 GHz. A cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is micromachined as a part of the package surrounding other active elements. This resonator is magnetically coupled to a nearby integrated coplanar-fed slotted dipole. Simulation results show a 6.1GHz impedance matching bandwidth (VSWR=2) with a gain greater than 5dBi throughout the entire bandwidth.

In this work, we have explored ab initio the capture process in a magneto-optical trap by theory, simulation and experiment. We measured the capture velocity vc of a cesium vapor cell magneto-optical trap (VCMOT) from its capture rate R and developed an exact model for the capture rate of a VCMOT in terms of its capture velocity, background density and trap laser beam diameter. We measured the capture velocity of a cesium VCMOT for various trap laser intensities and magnetic field gradients. We observed that the capture velocity is a damping force as well as a restoring force phenomenon. We supported our findings by performing simulations for single atom trajectories in a 1D cesium MOT. Finally, we concluded that two MOTs can have the same capture velocities but very different capture rates, thereby revealing that these are two fundamentally different characteristics of the MOT.