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Particulate matter (PM) is a complex form of air pollution that includes all types of solid and liquid droplets present in the atmosphere. Primary PM Emission rates, sizes, and composition are difficult to predict since they rely not only on the industry, but also on the fuel properties, infrastructure, and other aspects of the emission process. Normal (volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and weathering of parent material and sea salt) and anthropogenic (power plants, internal combustion engines, and the thermo-degradation process) sources of airborne particulate matter exist. In order to uphold human health conditions and a clean climate; it has become important to reduce PM concentrations. Given the negative effects of particulates, their regulation is becoming increasingly necessary. In this article, we look at all of the origins of particulate matter, their negative consequences, and the monitoring systems that are used to minimize PM emissions. However, manufacturing and plant operations will get the most attention because they are the backbone of a country’s economy as well as one of the largest causes of PM pollution and traffic regulation.

Three new species of eriophyoid mites from South China are described and illustrated: Acadicrus sterculus sp. nov. infesting Sterculia lanceolata Cav. (Sterculiaceae) belongs to subfamily Phyllocoptinae (Eriophyidae), Diptacus cinnamomus sp. nov. infesting Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb. (Lauraceae) and Diptilomiopus heteropanax sp. nov. infesting Heteropanax fragrans (Roxb.) Seem. (Araliaceae) belong to Diptilomiopinae (Diptilomiopidae). All are vagrants causing no apparent damage to their host plants.

The 2019-novel-coronavirus was recognized in oneself gathered salivation of 93.8% (12/13) of patients. Sequential spit viral burden observing commonly demonstrated a declining pattern. Live infection was distinguished in salivation by viral culture. Our current research was conducted at Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from April to July 2020. In 2009, risky intense respiratory illness coronavirus produced an overwhelming worldwide flare-up with a case-casualty pace of 12%. In April 2020, the SARS-CoV-like coronavirus, the Covid-19, has advanced in Punjab Province of Pakistan, and has spread quickly in territory Pakistan and to different pieces of the world. Salivation is very auspicious non-obtrusive example for determination, observing, and contamination control in cases having Coronavirus disease. Keywords: Saliva, auspicious, non-obtrusive, contamination, coronavirus.

The event of the endless races was previously evaluated in 185 continuous patients rewarded with radiation for gynecological diseases illness. Our current research was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from May 2018 to April 2019. An examination of gastrointestinal diseases Side effects have shown a high recurrence of the races; 14% of the patients had at least 21 intestines per week and 4% had at least 29. In total, the number of patients who underwent cholecystectomy remained in rally through loose guts. (X2=8.27; p Keywords: Chronic diarrhea, radiotherapy, Gynae.

s Background: Among the various complications of diabetes, lower-extremity amputation due to diabetic foot is a common problem. In Pakistan, 6-7% of patients with diabetes suffer from diabetic foot ulceration. Objectives: Our primary objective was to explore the frequency of diabetic foot amputations, and the secondary objective was to calculate the economic burden of these preventable surgeries on the health budget of the provincial government. Materials & Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional observational study conducted after obtaining approval from the Ethical Review Committee of Allied hospital, Faisalabad Medical University. The data of diabetic foot patients who underwent amputations between July 2017 and December 2017 were retrieved from three Surgical Units (I, II & III), using a purposive sampling technique. All amputations carried out for reasons other than diabetic foot were excluded. The direct medical cost of one diabetic foot amputation was calculated via a local survey of the various private hospitals of Faisalabad. The indirect costs in terms of loss of productivity and disability costs, transport costs, rehabilitation costs were not included in this study. The data were evaluated by using SPSS Version 23. Results: A total of 85 patients were included in our study. The male to female ratio was 2.7 to 1. The mean direct treatment cost for minor amputation was PKR 46926.00 ± 11730.90 ($382.35 ± 95.58), and the mean direct treatment cost for major amputation was PKR 53720.00 ± 12401.24 ($437.71 ± 101.40). Out of 85 amputations, 63 (74%) were major amputations, and the remaining 22 (26%) were minor amputations. The total cost for 63 major amputations was PKR 3,384,360 ($27568.91) and for 22 minor amputation was PKR 1,032,372 ($8409.67). The net cost came out to be PKR 4,416,732 ($35978.59) for all the 85 cases being reported in a tertiary care hospital of Faisalabad for six months. Conclusion: Diabetic foot, a preventable complication of long-term diabetes mellitus, has an economic burden on the hospital budget, which, if adequately addressed via primary prevention programme, can yield not just economical but medical benefits as well.

Consumer life-style is directly affected by environment and their surrounding climate. The life-style in-turn affects the consumer energy utilization. Considering the climate drifts, weather and environment of a certain premises, an optimum demand and supply strategy can be derived. To develop such control strategy, a co-relation between the consumer load and weather parameters is required. Various weather parameters affecting the consumer demand needs to be addressed. This paper proposes a study of various environmental factors affecting the living standard of consumer and their energy demands accordingly. The co-relations are further discussed using Pearson, Spearman and Kendall models between the load and weather parameters. The results are compared with real-time Texas-State data for verification. The simulation results verify the climatic effect on energy utilization pattern for the consumers.

In the recent past, domain specific solutions for detailed semantic analysis have got acceptable by natural language processing community and use of applications involving natural language based user interface. Different approaches that has been previously used is focusing on quality of text and improving the text contents by adding semantic information with text then the existing approaches used for semantic analysis can provide better results. In this, an approach was presented to address the problem of non-availability of semantic information required for better semantic analysis. This problem is solved by using semantic technology to annotate text of software requirements expressed in a natural language with their domain specific semantics and investigate the effect of semantic analysis with attached semantics. The presented approach uses a semantic framework specifically designed for interpretation and detailed semantic analysis of natural language software requirement specifications. The used framework is based on semantic technology involves knowledge extracted from existing software requirement documents and knowledge extracted from existing applications. The presented approach shows that by adapting and combing existing ontologies to support knowledge management, developing system and performing experiments on requirement of real world software systems. In this approach start with software requirement specification, after this clean the irrelevant requirements, convert the cleaned requirements into graph that represents inter related different elements. Represent the requirement graph into sparse matrix, after these all steps; we generate ontology with the help of OntoGen tool.

This study evaluates three popular loose plastic packaging namely polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) for damage in packaging and weight loss in packed wheat flour by Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebriondiae) for three different time periods. The study lasted for three months and data was recorded three times with 30 day interval between data recordings to see damages in packaging, i.e., holes and penetrations made by beetles in packaging; number of beetles inside packages were counted to see their population growth after a given time period inside packed wheat flour and weight loss in wheat flour. Maximum holes by beetles were in polyethylene packaging, penetrations and numbers of beetles were more in polyethylene packaging type. Similarly weight loss in wheat flour was also more in polyethylene bags in contrast with other packaging materials used (P < 0.05). Effect of time period showed significantly more weight loss in wheat flour after 90 days than after 60 or 30 days (P < 0.05) however time period had non-significant effect on holes made by beetles into packaging and penetrations as well as numbers of beetles counted or their population growth after given time period in different packaging materials (P > 0.05). These results revealed that out of three packaging materials tested polyethylene was a susceptible packaging material because it had maximum number of holes and penetrations by insects into them. Similarly maximum weight loss occurred in polyethylene. Effect of time period showed non-significant effect on holes and insect penetrations into packaging materials. However more weight loss occurred after more time period than after less time period. These results are important and can be employed for integrated management of T. castaneum regarding packed foodstuffs i.e., wheat flour.