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Nitrogen (N) merupakan salah satu unsur hara esensial yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Oleh karena itu, pemupukan N harus diterapkan secara efisien untuk mencapai hasil yang optimal. Berbagai metode telah digunakan untuk menghitung kandungan N pada tanaman padi seperti analisis jaringan dan penggunaan teknologi soil plant analysis development (SPAD). Teknologi ini masih memiliki kekurangan, salah satunya adalah efisiensi waktu. Dibutuhkan teknologi pendukung lainnya untuk mendukung analisis pertanian secara presisi dengan cepat, seperti penggunaan Unmaned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis kandungan N pada tanaman padi menggunakan indeks vegetasi berbasis UAV dan menganalisis perbandingan akurasi pengukuran N antara klorofil SPAD dengan indeks vegetasi tanaman padi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dan uji laboratorium yang didasari atas beberapa pendekatan, yaitu analisis fisiologi fotosintesis, analisis jaringan daun, dan analisis indeks vegetasi menggunakan UAV. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan nilai indeks vegetasi NDVI yang berkolerasi kuat dengan nilai jaringan N daun dan hasil pengukuran klorofil SPAD. Sedangkan hasil pengujian akurasi, hasil pengukuran klorofil dengan SPAD (CI A) memiliki akurasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan indeks vegetasi NDVI. Nilai r antara CI A – N daun dengan NDVI – N daun tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang singnifikan. Selain itu, hasil korelasi menunjukkan variabel jaringan N Daun (r=0.83), CI A (r=0.88), CI B (r=81), dan CI TOT (r=0.87) memiliki hubungan korelasi yang sangat tinggi terhadap NDVI. Hal ini menunjukkan hubungan yang searah antara variabel sehingga variabel NDVI dapat dijadikan sebagai pertimbangan untuk mengetahui klorofil pada tanaman yang diteliti.

This study was conducted to determine the best practices for combination of planting media and coconut water concentration on large chilies growth characteristics using multivariate analysis. The second aim was to determine the best combination of temperature and cultivation combination for post-harvest characteristics of large chilies using non-parametric analyses. The study was conducted in Jeneponto Regency, Indonesia, at 100 meters above sea level with dusty clay soil and 21-34 °C temperatures. The study used two experimental set up. The first experiment was arranged in split-plot design with planting media (combination of soil, compost or husk charcoal) as main factor (3 level) and concentrations of coconut water as subplot (4 levels). The second experiment was the temperature conditions (the room and refrigeration temperature conditions) as the post-harvest experiment after the first experiment that arranged with a nested design. The observation parameters were consisted of 9 growth parameters in the first experiment analyzed by multivariate analyses and 2 post-harvest parameters in the second stage by non-parametric analyses. Based on the results of multivariate and non-parametric analyses, increase was observed in the cultivation technology effectiveness. The variance of growth and post-harvest characteristics of large chilies were more influenced by the coconut water than the planting media effect. Furthermore, the best concentration of coconut water in large chilli is expected to occur at 15%, with a blend of refrigeration temperature for post-harvest treatment. This value is recommended in the urban farming of large chillies, using organic applications

Breeding for high yielding, pest and disease resistance, and good quality Arabica coffee is the direction of the coffee breeding program in Indonesia. Threeway cross-breeding method becomes the alternative method to improve plant genetics to achieve those goals. This research was aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and grouping of Arabica coffee genotypes from three-way cross progeny. This study was conducted in Andungsari Experimental Station, Bondowoso, East Java from July until September 2021. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used as an experimental design. It consisted of eight Arabica genotypes resulting from three-way cross method and one check variety (Andungsari 1) as treatments. The tested genotypes were resulted from crossing parents i.e. S 1934, AB 3, RC, YC, S 795, and Catimor that was planted in 1997. The results of the agronomic performance evaluation showed that TWC (Tree Way Cross) 2 ((S 1934/AB 3 x AB 3) x AB 3) and TWC 3 (RC/S 795 x Catimor) had good agronomic characteristics i.e. weight of 100 cherries and cherry weight per tree. While grouping using heatmap clustering method showed that there were three groups of genotypes. One of the groups which consisted of TWC 1 ((S 1934/AB 3 x AB 3) x S 1934), TWC 2 ((S 1934/AB 3 x AB 3) x AB 3), and TWC 5 (S 1934/YC x S 1934) were categorized as moderate yield group.

Akfindarwan AK, Farid M, Syaiful SA, Anshori MF, Nur A. 2023. Selection criteria and index analysis for the S2 maize lines of double-crosses. Biodiversitas 24: 192-199. This study aimed to determine the selection criteria and the selection index for the S2 maize lineage from double cross crosses and to select the potential lines that could be continued in the S3 generation. The research was carried out in the field from July to November 2020 at the Experimental Farm of the Agriculture Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea District, Makassar City, South Sulawesi. The maize lines used were derived from 4 double cross populations of S1 generation, namely: DC1 (P36/B9//NK7328/JH2) with 19 genotypes, DC2 (B9)/HJ28/NK728), DC3 (B18/B2/B2/N29), and DC4 (JH45/B19/N29/B2). The results of this study revealed that the selection criteria suitable for this population were the weight of seeds per cob, peel cob weight, and weight of 100 seeds. Furthermore, the selection index analysis showed that there were 61 promising lines for F2 double cross maize that had a positive index value, while based on the Z value, there were 44 lines that had a better index value than the best parents. Therefore, it is recommended that the 61 S2 Maize lines from double crosses be further tested on to the S3 generation.

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), widely known as a drone, proves very effective in assessing cropping or crop cultivation. Its practical use in evaluating corn cultivation technology systems is feasible when based on farmer participation. UAV can generate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) algorithm that reflects the greenness of leaves, which is a parameter related to photosynthesis and plant productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the participation-based UAV-derived NDVI could be effectively used to assess corn cultivation technology and determine the appropriate technology to be used in the cultivation. The research was conducted in Tarowang Village in Galesong Selatan District, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, using two plots, namely, mother trial and baby trial. The mother trial applied a randomized block design in which eight packages of corn cultivation technology were randomly assigned, whereas the baby trial consisted of eight corn plots cultivated by farmers. In the latter, each farmer received one package of the cultivation technology. The study results indicated that NDVI and yield could effectively evaluate corn cropping. Three packages, i.e., P1, P4, and P5, are recommended for corn cultivation, especially in the village observed. Nevertheless, they are expected to be also applicable to other districts in South Sulawesi to promote improvement in corn production.

Farid M, Anshori MF, Ridwan I. 2022. Tomato F3 lines development and its selection index based on narrow-sense heritability and factor analysis. Biodiversitas 23: 5790-5797. The F3 is the early selection generation that has a good heritability and heredity pattern in a segregated population. The aims of this study are to identify the effectiveness of forming a selection index based on narrow-sense heritability and factor analysis and to select potential tomato F3 lines to be continued in the F4 generation. The research was arranged by an augmented design combined with a randomized complete block design as the environmental design. The research factors consisted of non-repeated genotypes, i.e. the lines with a limited number of seeds consisting of 75 lines and repeated genotypes as comparison varieties consisting of three varieties (Mawar, Tymoty, and Karina). The lines that were not repeated were divided into 5 blocks, while the check varieties were planted repeatedly in each block. The effective selection criteria in this study were the yield, fruit weight, number of branches, and total fruit number. The priority character besides yield in this study is fruit weight with high and normal narrow-sense heritability. The index selection results from this study showed that there were a good 32 tomato lines to be continued in the F4 generation. t was considered effective in the selection of tomato lines of the F3 generation.

A New Approach to Select Doubled Haploid Rice Lines under Salinity Stress Using Indirect Selection Index This study determined the indirect selection index of doubled haploid (DH) rice using a multivariate analysis approach to select lines adaptive to salinity stress, comprising three experiments. The first experiment involved the selection of good agronomic characters in a field experiment conducted at an experimental station in Bogor, Indonesia. The second experiment involved salinity tolerance screening through hydroponic cultures using 0 and 120 mmol/L NaCl, conducted at a greenhouse in Bogor. The third experiment involved the validation of the indirect adaptability selection index (IASI) through a field experiment in Sukra (saline area). Field experiments followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD), whereas an RCBD nested factorial design was used for the greenhouse experiment. The first and second experiments used 56 DH lines and four check varieties with three replications. In the second experiment, Pokkali and IR29 varieties were also added as tolerant and sensitive checks of salinity, respectively. The third experiment used 28 selected DH lines, Inpari 29 and one sensitive DH line. The good agronomic index (GAI) was 0.465 yield + 0.433 number of productive tillers + 0.31 number of filled grains. This generated 24 DH rice lines with good agronomic traits. The salinity tolerance index (SaTI) was developed through the average of standardized salinity tolerance score and salinity selection index based on discriminant analysis. This generated 34 DH rice lines with good salinity stress tolerance. The IASI (IASI = GAI – SaTI) selected 28 DH rice lines adaptive to salinity stress and it was considered effective by Sukra validation.

lt;bgt;Background and Objective:lt;/bgt; Maize cultivation technology package development is a solution in increasing maize production, especially prolific maize. However, technology package evaluation has to be evaluated with interaction towards crop genetics. The purpose of this research is to discover the interaction between maize variety towards cultivation technology (plant fertilization and spacing) and to find information about secondary production characters in cultivation technique optimization.lt;bgt;Materials and Methods:lt;/bgt; This research used a split-split-plot design. The main plot was planting system (S) consisted of three planting systems. Sub Plot (SP) was fertilizing plans halt;supgt;1lt;/supgt; (P) consisted of four plans. Whereas Sub-Sub Plot (SSP) were (V): NASA 29 (Vlt;subgt;1lt;/subgt;), Bisi 2 (Vlt;subgt;2lt;/subgt;) and Sinha's 1 (Vlt;subgt;3lt;/subgt;). There were 15 characters observed.lt;bgt;Results:lt;/bgt; The results prolific potential is very dynamic which is determined by genetic potential, cultivation technology and genetic-cultivation technology interactions. The increase in the prolific potential will have a direct effect on increasing maize productivity. In general, the use of legowo lines and Eco-farming (biofertilizer) can increase prolific potential and productivity.lt;bgt;Conclusion:lt;/bgt; According to this research, the prolific potential is highly dynamic which is determined by genetic potential, cultivation technology and genetic-cultivation interaction. Technology considered in increasing maize productivity is Legowo plant spacing (50+100)×20 cm combined with N:P:K = 200:100:50+KNOlt;subgt;3lt;/subgt; 25 kg halt;supgt;1lt;/supgt;+Eco farming 5 cc Llt;supgt;1lt;/supgt;. This technique combination is recommended in maize productivity increase.

Abstract. Farid M, Anhsori MF, Ridwan I, Dungga NE, Ermiyanti I. 2022. Half diallel of F1 tomato hybrid and its double cross-compatibility. Biodiversitas 23: 1813-1821. Breeding program for improvement of tomato fruit can be done through diallelic crosses genetic combinations. Therefore, genetic evaluation is needed to meet the breeding objective. This process can be combined with crosses between F1 to produce high diversity. However, evaluating the crosses' compatibility is required to increase the effectiveness of the assembly process. This study aimedto assess the half-diallel crosses of F1 tomatoes in the field and determine the most compatible pair cross combinationsin forming double and three-way F1 populations. This study was carried out in the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. The field evaluation was arranged ina randomized complete block design with ten genotypes, while the compatibility evaluationwas carried out using 6 F1 half diallel as the parents. The results showed that the Mawar and Chung varieties were better parents in the crossings. Furthermore, the results showed that F1 K/M (the best yield component), M/C (the best TDS and Lycopene traits), and BC/K (the genotype has good traits of yield component, TDS and Lycopene) were the best single F1 crosses that could be inherited to the F2 generation. In contrast, F1 K/M and F1 K/C crosses were the best male and female parents, respectively. The recommended double-crosses include K/C//BC/M, and BC/C//K/M, while for the F1 unbalanced three-way cross was K/C//K/M.

Tomatoes are known as one of the natural source of antioxidant, which is a compound that can inhibit and reduce oxidative cell and biomolecule damages, such as lipid, protein, and DNA. Health benefits from lycopene made this compound a tomato breeding subject for increasing its nutrient content. Tomato breeding is an environment friendly and sustainable method in agriculture biofortification methods, hence making the efforts for increasing tomato lycopene content to be possible. The aim of this research was to produce tomato hybrid with high lycopene and yield. This research was conducted in Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin Univerisy, Makassar throughout June-Septermber 2020. This research was done in full diallel analysis using Griffing 1 method. Hybrid characters are highly determined with the presence of maternal effect. Lycopene has no correlation with productionCharacters correlated with lycopene are plant height, number of leaves, number of fruits per bunch, fruit length and fruit diameter, whilst productivity is correlated with number of leaves, stem diameter, and fruit diameter. Hybrids that can be used in further selection are CM, MC, MBC and KBC

Corn is one of the most important food commodities consumed by most people in various parts of the country. There is a real interaction between spacing varieties on the observed characters. There are one or more production chatacters that have a significant correlation with production. This research will be carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Bajeng Cereal Research Institute, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, with a coordinate point of 5o18'21.5 "LS, 119o28'38.6" BT. The research was conducted from August to November 2020. This study used a separate plot experimental design. The main plot is a planting system legowo (S) which consists of 3 planting systems, namely the spacing of 75 x 20 cm = 66,667 pop / ha (J1), Legowo (50 + 100) x 20 cm = 66,667 population / ha (J2), and Legowo (50 + 100) x 18 cm = 74,074 population / ha (J3). Meanwhile, the subplots were maize varieties (V), namely NASA 29 (V1), Bisi 2 (V2), and Sinhas 1 (V3). From the research results, it can be concluded that the spacing has no effect on the character of the observation. the variety has a very significant effect on the observed character, except for rod diameter. As for the correlation, the observed characters that had an effect on production were ear length and weight of 1000 seeds

The research was aimed to obtain male and female rows ratio and best pruning technique towards SINHAS 1 maize production. This research was conducted in Experimental Farm Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea District, Makassar, South Sulawesi with elevation of 22,4 meters above the sea level throughout May – August 2020. The experiment was carried out in the form of Split Plot Design with male-female row ratio as main plot, which consisted of three levels: 1:2 ratio, 1:3 ratio, and 1:4 ratio. Sub plot was pruning techniques: no pruning, male parent pruning and leaf pruning under the cob of female parent. The result showed that the favorable male-female row ratio towards SINHAS 1 maize production was 1:4 ratio. Male parent pruning was the best pruning technique for SINHAS 1 maize production. The interaction between male-female ratio and best pruning technique was 1:3 male-female ratio with male parent pruning technique. Characters that showed positively direct significance towards productivity were cob diameter, cob length, and number of seed rows per cob

One of approaches to maintain the yield stability of the lowland tropical wheat is the use of secondary traits in the selection process. The identification of these characters requires a statistical approach in the form of genetic parameter analysis and multivariate analysis. The objective of this study was to determine the secondary traits of adaptive wheat mutants in the lowlands through the use of genetic parameters and multivariate analysis on the parameters. The study consisted of three field trials conducted in three different regencies, namely Jeneponto (135 m above sea level (asl)), Maros (100 m asl) and Bantaeng (125 m asl). The study used a nested design, where replications were nested in the environments. The genotype factors consisted of 20 genotypes repeated three times. 11 characters were observed including vegetative and reproductive characters. The analysis used consisted of repeatability, correlation, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, factor analysis, and cross print analysis. The overall results of the analysis indicate that the number of productive tillers is the main secondary trait for the selection of adaptive wheat in the lowlands. The character can be recommended for selection criteria in testing wheat lines in the lowlands to make an effective selection.

Salinity screening under hydroponic Deep Flow Technique (DFT) has not been widely studied, especially on the nature of rice tolerance to salinity stress. According to previous screening studies, this method was effective in distinguishing the nature of rice tolerance to salinity stress. However, they were tested only at generative phase. Therefore, evaluation on screening method with hydroponic DFT at all phases of paddy growth is essential. The objective of this study is to evaluate the filtering under hydroponic DFT at all paddy phase and to determine secondary character that support productivity which can be utilized as selection character in this screening process. The experiment was arranged with a complete nested group design with nested replication is the NaCl stress. There were 5 (Five) tested rice varieties and the stress environment consisted of three levels: 0, 60, and 120 mM of NaCl, all with 3 (three) replications. The nutrient culture screening was adapted to the modified Egdane method. The results showed that screening under hydroponic DFT was effective at the concentration of 60 nM of NaCl. The best selection character was yields per clump, number of productive tillers and total chlorophyll. The variety of Jeliteng, Ciherang and Inpari 34 of Salin Agritan, were classified as tolerant group. This hydroponic DFT Filtering method could be recommended as one salinity screening method for all paddy growing phases

Fadli M, Farid M, Yassi A, Nasaruddin, Anshori MF, Nur A, Suratman. 2021. Evaluation of the advanced yield trial on tropical wheat (Triticum aestivum) mutant lines using selection index and multivariate analysis. Biodiversitas 23: 540-547. The development of adaptive wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mutant lines in tropical climate is a long-term solution. The advanced yield trial is an important stage in this development, which is carried out using a selection index and multivariate analysis. This study aims to determine the selection effectiveness of tropical wheat mutant lines by using a selection index and multivariate analysis. the study was conducted in three locations, which included two locations for the follow-up yield test in Kelara Village and Ujung Bulu Village (South Sulawesi, Indonesia), and the third location for the selection validation in Padang Magek Village (West Sumatra, Indonesia). This study was designed by a nested Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with replications nested in locations. The samples included 16 wheat genotypes (13 mutant lines and three comparison varieties) that were replicated three times. The result showed that the selection of tropical wheat mutant lines using selection index and multivariate analysis were considered effectively with high determination value of 0.57 (57%). The results of the selection index show that seven lines were recommended for multi-location trials since they had a better selection index potential than Dewata variety.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of biofertilizer application based on the types and spraying frequencies on the yield components of maize variety SINHAS 1. The research was conducted in Tarowang Village, Galesong Selatan District, Takalar Regency from August to November 2020. Three types of biofertilizer were used applied in five different frequencies of spraying. The study employed a split plot design with types of biofertilizer as the main plot and application frequencies as the sub plots. The research was repeated 3 times, resulted in a total of 45 experimental units. The maize variety used was SINHAS 1 and observations were made on the yield components of the ear height, wet weight of peeled cobs, ear length and diameter, percentage of seed yield, weight of 1000 seeds at 15% moisture content, and productivity. The results shows that the frequency of biofertilizer application had more dominant effect than the type of biofertilizer. The type of biofertilizer used has relatively the same role in the growth of the yield components of SINHAS 1 corn. Based on the results, it is recommended to apply the biofertilizer in four times in fertilizing the SINHAS 1 maize crop

Padjung R, Farid M, Musa Y, Anshori MF, Nur A, Masnenong A. 2021. Drought-adapted maize line based on morphophysiological selection index. Biodiversitas 22: 4028-4035. Synthetic line formation is an effort to increase maize productivity in drought-stressed areas. This process requires systematic selection in determining adaptability levels involving important secondary characters formulated in the selection index. Furthermore, the principal component index had been widely reported, both in normal and stressed conditions. The selection index development on morpho-physiological characters based on multivariate analysis was expected to increase drought stress tolerance and maize lines selection precision. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to form a selection index based on morpho-physiological characters and selecting synthetic lines adaptive under drought stress. This research was designed using a split-plot with 3 replications, where the main plot consisted of normal and stressed irrigation, while the subplot was genotype consisting of 6 lines and 3 check varieties namely Bisma, Lamuru, and Sukamarga. Observations were performed on 18 morphological and 4 physiological characters, and the results showed that the selection index was formed based on multivariate analysis from 9 characters. Through index selection, Syn_2-2 (0.79), Syn_2-15 (0.85) and Syn_2-16 (0.97) were considered as drought stress adaptive lines. Therefore, the 3 lines can be recommended in the synthetic variety release process.

Salinity stress can reduce rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and cause crop failure. This problem needs a solution by development of tolerant varieties, and this development closely relates to the effectiveness of its screening. Screening at the phase of germination and seedling are the most common ones. However, the interactions between screenings based on the growth character selection index have not been widely reported, particularly with the principal component analysis (PCA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the interaction between phases of rice salinity screening through a selection index based on PCA. This study consisted of two phases of salinity screening, namely growth phase of germination and seedlings. Both screenings were designed with a nested randomized complete block design, where replicates were nested in a selection environment. The selection environment consisted of two levels, normal (0 mM NaCl) and saline (120 mM NaCl). The genotypes consisted of eight varieties and was repeated three times. Observations were based on morphological and physiological characters, especially in seedling phase screening. Results showed that morphological character approach of the seedlings had a large distribution of salinity tolerances. The use of stress tolerance index and PCA were considered effective in the formation of the selection index on salinity screening. As for, the morphology index was formulated as 0.32 shoot height + 0.33 root fresh weight + 0.33 shoot fresh weight + 0.26 root length + 0.01 number of tillers, length + 0.34 total biomass fresh weight. Therefore, the use of this analytical concept is recommended in screening the tolerance of rice lines to salinity stress.

Akbar MR, Purwoko BS, Dewi IS, Suwarno WB, Sugiyanta, Anshori MF. 2021. Agronomic and yield selection of doubled haploid lines of rainfed lowland rice in advanced yield trials. Biodiversitas 22: 3006-3012. Selection process is important step to obtain high yielding variety. This study aimed to obtain information on agronomic performance of doubled haploid lines of rainfed rice in advanced yield trials and select the best lines for multi-location yield trials. Two experiments were conducted in Bogor and Subang using a randomized complete block design for each location and consisted of 35 doubled haploid lines and two check varieties namely Ciherang and Inpari 18 as a treatment. The result revealed that interaction between genotype and environment (G x E) significantly affected all agronomic characters, except on the panicle length. Characters with high heritability value were all agronomic characters except number of productive tillers and productivity. Genotypic correlation analysis showed that number of productive tillers and weight of 1000 grains had significant and positive correlation with productivity. The selection used weighted selection index based on multivariate analysis. Fourteen lines were selected for multi-location yield trials. These lines had characteristics as follows: number of productive tillers (14.0-17.7 tillers), weight of 1000 grains (24.7-32.5 g), and productivity (5.0-6.2 ton ha-1). The selected lines can be evaluated further to obtain superior lines in multi-location trials.

This research was aimed to evaluate the efectivity of screening method and identification of tolerance screening selection character in statis hydroponic system towards drough stress. The research was carried out in Hydroponic Screenhouse Perdos Unhas, Tamalanrea, Makassar which throughout February-April 2020. This research was conducted in factorial design in nested patterns, where environment was the nested replication. Environments used were normal (0% PEG) and drought stress (10% PEG). Five rice varieties were used: Inpari 34, Ciherang, IR29 and Jeliteng. Research result showed that canopy height and fresh weight were the suitable selection character in drought tolerance screening through statis hydroponic cultivation. Grouping consistency was found between drought and salinity stress. Inpari 34, Ciherang, Jeliteng and Inpari 29 was considered to be have drought tolerance, whilst IR29 was examined to be responsive to drough stress in hydroponic culture. From the overall result, it can be concluded that hydroponic screening and PEG application was quite effective in rice drought stress tolerance screening

Fadhli N, Farid M, Rafiuddin, Efendi R, Azrai M, Anshori MF. 2020. Multivariate analysis to determine secondary characters in selecting adaptive hybrid corn lines under drought stress. Biodiversitas 21: 3617-3624. The development of adaptive hybrid corn varieties under drought stress needs an effective selection. Multivariate analysis has been reported can increase the effectiveness of selection in plants by attaching the secondary characters in the selection. Therefore, this concept also can be applied to develop adaptive corn varieties under drought stress. The objectives of this study are to determine the main secondary characters and select the best hybrid lines adaptive to drought stress. The experiment was arranged by a nested design, where replications nested under two environmental conditions, namely normal and drought stress. The main factor was genotypes consisted of 30 genotypes and was repeated three times. Moreover, the observations of this research consisted of 20 variables. The result of this research showed that the weight of harvested cob was an effective secondary character as a selection criterion along with productivity in selecting adaptive maize genotypes under drought stress. The number of green leaves was the character outside of the yield component could be as an alternative secondary character besides the weight of harvested cob. The selection results based on the weight of the harvested cob and productivity resulted in 12 hybrid corn lines considered adaptive to drought stress.

Sweet sorghum is a potential crop of agro-industry for food, feed and bioenergy. The availability of sweet sorghum varieties in Indonesia is still limited. One of the varieties that have a great demand is Numbu. Numbu has a large seed size, attractive color and contains juice in the stem, however it is still has weaken on small stems and low and unstable brix juice content. The efforts to assemble new superior varieties can be achieved through mutation breeding activities. Mutant lines produced from irradiation of Numbu varieties are expected to experience better character improvements than Numbu varieties. This study aims to find out the character improvements that occur in Numbu mutant lines which are tested in several different locations and to select potential Numbu mutant lines to be released as new superior sweet sorghum varieties. The research was conducted in five environments using 10 Numbu mutant lines and arranged into randomize block design with 3 replications. The results showed that the environment, genetic and interaction of genetic x environment had a significant effect for all observed, while the interaction of genetic x environments value for all observed characters have high variation depend on environment and environement gave the biggest contribution to variation, however generally mutant lines were have a better characters than Numbu variety There is no important characters has stability performance in various environment, but they have a good performance on specific environment. Four mutant lines those have the potential to be released as new superior varieties were MNB3, MNB5, MNB8 and MNB10.

The development of drought rice screening is one of the keys to increase selection effectiveness. This development can be done by developing the analytical method. In general, identification of tolerant rice can be conducted with the cluster analysis. However, the common cluster analysis just was focused on genotype clusters so that the reason for the clustering does not can explain. Therefore, the other analysis approach needs to be done, such as cluster heatmap analysis. The objective of this study is to identify the effectiveness of cluster heatmap used in rice tolerance screening under drought stress. This study was designed with a nested randomized complete group design, where replications were nested in PEG 6000 concentration as a screening environment. The concentration of PEG used in this study was 0% PEG and 20% PEG. The genotype used consisted of 8 genotypes repeated three times. Hydroponic culture used ABmix in culture solution. As for, the number of characters observed was seven morphology characters and three physiological characters. The results of this study showed that cluster heatmap analysis could distinguish between the rice tolerant group drought-tolerant variety control (Salumpikit, Pokkali, and Inpari 29), and sensitive variety control (IR 20). Besides that, the good selection characters in hydroponic drought screening were shoot length, the number of tillers, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and total biomass fresh weight. Based on this study, the cluster heatmap can be recommended as one of the analytical methods in hydroponic drought screening.

Development of adaptability rice under salinity stress needs effective and selective methods in the screening process. The seedling screening method is a general method used in salinity screening. However, this screening method often uses conventional observation in its screening process. This observation is rated that has a high error level. Therefore, the development of a digital approach through image-based phenotyping expected could minimize the error in the adaptability screening. This study was designed with a nested randomized complete group design, where replications were nested in a stressful environment. The environment in this study was normal (0 mM NaCl) and salinity stress (120 mM NaCl). The genotype used consisted of 8 genotypes which were repeated three times. The number of characters observed was nine image-based phenotyping. The results of this study showed that green percentage, the 3rd leaf length, and total area were the selection characters of image-based phenotyping under seedling salinity screening. Besides that, the used adaptability index in salinity screening became a good approach in considered and distinguished tolerance responses among varieties, especially to Pokkali (tolerant control variety) and IR 29 (sensitive control variety). Based on this study, the application of image-based phenotyping recommended in the screening process of line adaptability under salinity stress.

The objective of this study is to obtain mutant and convergent wheat breeding lines adapted to lowlands with high productivity and high heritability characters. This research was carried out in Bonto Parang, Tolo Selatan Village, Kelara District, Jeneponto Regency with coordinates 5°24′58.0″S 119°54′58.2″E at 135 m above sea level (asl). This research took place from May to September 2019. This study was arranged with Randomized Complete Block Design with 20 genotypes and 4 control varieties (Dewata, Guri-3, Selayar, and Nias). The study was conducted with 3 replications so that there were 72 experimental units. The results show that adaptive mutant lines and convergent wheat breeding in lowlands with high productivity were shown by genotype N 250 4.6.2 (2.27 t ha−1), S 300 7.9.1 (2.29 t ha−1), S 300 8.3. 1 (2.35 t ha−1), N 200 2.5.2 (2.27 t ha−1), S 300 2.1 (2.29 t ha−1), CBF6-110 (2, 31 t ha−1), and CBF6-192 (2.37 t ha−1). Characters that have high heritability values were panicle length, the number of spikelets per panicle, seed weight per panicle, the potential yield per plant, and productivity.

The objective of this study is to study the response of various chinese broccoli varieties to ratio of ammonium and nitrate and to determine the characters that have high heritability values. This research was conducted at the Screen House at the University of Hasanuddin Lecturer Residences, Tamalanrea Sub-district, Makassar from August to October 2019. This study was arranged by using nested design and randomized complete block design as its environmental design. Replication was set in nesting to each ratio of ammonium and nitrate. The main factor was 7 varities of chinese broccoli, namely Full White, New Veg Gin, Winsan, Yama F1, Sakura F1, Nemo, and Nova, while ratio of the ammonium and nitrate consisted of 4 levels, namely AB Mix, ammonium: nitrate (1: 4), ammonium : nitrate (1: 8) and ammonium: nitrate (1: 12). The results showed that the ratio of ammonium and nitrate which gave the high growth and production responses to chinese broccoli was ammonium: nitrate ratio of 1: 12 (171.38 g). Varieties that have high growth and production response to the amomonium and nitrate ratio was the chinese broccoli New Veg Gin (214.04 g). Characters that have high heritability are leaf numbers, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and total weight.

The development of salinity tolerant varieties can be done by using doubled haploid technology. In the determination of the salinity tolerance trait, hydroponic screening at the seedling stage is the most common screening method. However, it needs improvement on the assignment of the tolerance traits. Cluster heatmap analysis has been reported to select lines by combining various data. The objective of the study was to select tolerant doubled-haploid rice lines to salinity stress at the seedling phase and evaluate the use of cluster heatmap analysis by combining tolerance score and growth characters. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using a nested factorial design (repetition nested in NaCl concentrations), with 3 replications. The plant materials used consisted of 62 genotypes and NaCl concentration levels consisted of 0 (1 dS/m) and 120 mM (13.3 dS/m). Hydroponic cultures used a Yoshida solution. Each container contained 14 experimental units and 2 units of check i.e. sensitive and tolerant controls. Observations was carried out on tolerance scoring and growth parameters. The results showed that tolerant and moderate genotypes have a lower pattern of decline than sensitive genotypes, especially in shoot-related characters. Based on the cluster heatmap analysis, there were 38 doubled haploid rice lines considered good tolerance traits under saline condition. The cluster heatmap assignment was considered more selective than only focused on tolerance score, especially in negative selection to sensitive lines.

Doubled haploid rice formation through anther culture becomes one of the alternatives in the plant breeding. The lines need to be characterized, clustered, and selected. This study aimed at determining heritability, characters, and cluster of doubled haploid lines obtained from anther culture. This experiment was conducted at IPB Rice Field Experiment Station, Darmaga, Bogor from October 2016 until January 2017. The experiment was managed according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications and genotype as the single factor treatment. Genotypes used were 60 genotypes consisting of 56 doubled haploid lines and 4 control varieties. The controls were Ciherang, Inpara 5, Inpari 29, and Inpari 34 Salin Agritan. The results showed that all characters have significant effect and high heritability (above 60%), so they could be used as a selection character. The tested genotypes could be grouped into three main groups. The first group consisted of 11 genotypes, the second group consisted of 44 genotypes, and the third group consisted of 5 genotypes. The main group determinant characters were productive tillers, percentage of filled grain number, plant height, panicle length, and weight of 1,000 grains. The number of filled grain and productive tillers can be used as selection characters together with yield potential.Keywords: filled grain, heatmap, panicle length, productive tillers, yield potential