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State employees of Tanjungpinang consists of 4,303 people whose origins and destinations are spread throughout the city. This is the reason for the high travel demand where private vehicles are still superior to the other modes of choice. This adds to problems in environmental aspects, especially the contributors to air pollution and noise on the road. This study uses a quantitative method with descriptive analysis and spatial analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to identify existing employee travel characteristics. The graphic display presented in the results of the descriptive analysis aims to make it easier to explain the results of the analysis of the formation of zones, the number of trips in each zone, as well as the focus services and existing facilities. Spatial analysis is used to point to the edge of the location of existing facilities, and the ease of origin and destination of employee travel. The results of the study indicate that the current supply of services and facilities has not been able to accommodate the travel demand of state employees. The supply of transport services and facilities is still lacking because they only serve and available in several sub-districts which are the points of origin and destinations travel for employees. This caused low interest of employees by using green transport whose origin and destination areas are not covered and crossed by services. Therefore, it is necessary to request institutional-based travel demand management to encourage employees to travel using green transport in the form of policies, coordination, and cooperation within the internal scope of the Tanjungpinang city government.

Yogyakarta is listed among the cities with the worst congestion in Indonesia. Besides, the development of Yogyakarta has now expanded to the surrounding area and agglomerated into the Yogyakarta Urban Area (KPY). Private vehicle ownership is closely correlated to the characteristics of households. This study aims to analyze the correlation of the level of private vehicle ownership with the characteristics of households and the correlation of private vehicle ownership towards the responses of households with transportation policies that will be implemented in the future. This study fully used secondary data. The total respondents were 8,810 households, and the research location was the Yogyakarta Urban Area (KPY). The path analysis was employed to find out the causal relation between variables and the contribution between variables in the analysis. The variables used were gender, age, education level of the heads of households, total household income, the number of adult family members ( 17 years old), the number of children (17 years old), the number of working family members, total motorcycle licenses in a household, total driver's licenses in a household, total motorcycle ownership in a household, total car ownership in a household, and the responses of households to the transportation policies that will be applied. The results of the study show that motorcycle ownership in a household is influenced by gender, age, the level of education of the heads of households, total household income, the number of adult family members, the number of children, the number of working family members, and total motorcycle licenses in a household. Meanwhile, car ownership in a household is influenced by age, total household income, the number of working family members, and total driver's licenses in a household. There is also a correlation between motorcycle and car ownership. Increasing car ownership in a household has a positive correlation with motorcycle ownership. Furthermore, motorcycle ownership has a good significance value and a positive correlation with pedestrianization policies prioritizing public transportation in the Mangkubumi-Malioboro-Kraton area.

Recently, the Indonesian government has been increasingly encouraging the population to utilize electric vehicles. In the public transportation sector, including ride-hailing services, the use of electric vehicles, especially motorcycles, is promoted. This study aims to explore the willingness to adopt electric motorcycles among ride-hailing drivers by specifying the preference for buying or renting in adopting electric motorcycles. Using a stated preference method, an interview survey was conducted on 416 ride-hailing drivers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Nine variables were tested to understand the determinants of electric motorcycle adoption, including purchase or rental costs, cost for motorcycle title transfer, fuel price, maximum coverage distance, maximum speed, the distance between battery exchange stations, annual tax, and credit payment. By using the ordered logit model, the results revealed two variables affecting the purchase of electric motorcycles: purchase price and maximum coverage distance. Meanwhile, four variables significantly influenced the determination of electric motorcycle rental: coverage distance, fuel price, rental fees, and the distance between battery exchange stations. Sociodemographic variables also significantly affect the decision to rent but not purchase electric motorcycles. Meanwhile, full-time drivers and students who work part-time as drivers are more likely to rent electric motorcycles. This study also found that renting electric motorcycles had a better likelihood of adoption than owning them. Finally, several policies were proposed to boost the adoption of electric motorcycles among ride-hailing drivers, including subsidy provisions, technology improvement, and priority provisions for drivers who use electric motorcycles.

Despite the establishment of the Trans Jogja Bus (TJB) service in 2008 as a solution for the problems with conventional bus services in numerous Indonesian cities, public transport ridership in Yog...

Since the emergence of ride-hailing services has changed travel behaviors, a greater understanding of the ride-hailing mode enables us to explore choices and assists in the drafting of more effective policies. This paper aims to investigate the degree of perceived need for motorcycle-based ride-hailing services among university students because young and well-educated people dominate this service. By involving 632 respondents and considering 12 trip characteristics, the Rasch model was used as an instrument to measure the students’ perceived needs and inherent resistance to motorcycle-based ride-hailing services. The model results revealed that the students perceived the highest need for motorcycle-based ride-hailing services for their first- and last-mile trips when they needed to travel out of town by public transport. A need for this service was also perceived by the students for trips at peak periods, trips within tight schedules, trips to downtown areas, trips to campus, and food delivery. In contrast, the study found a weakly perceived need for motorcycle-based ride-hailing for shopping goods and documents delivery, trips for shopping, social, and momentary activities, and short-distance trips. The empirical findings also showed that the variable of gender, monthly income, motorcycle ownership, frequency of use, and time spent as motorcycle-based ride-hailing users contributed to differences of perceived need. The research findings can help the government in deciding effective policies for ride-hailing, especially those related to riding safety and increasing urban transit demand.

Research provides evidence that ride-sourcing has not only substituted for private transport but also public transport. For further investigation of this substitution effect, this paper explores the travel behaviour of ride-sourcing users and those users' socio-demographic characteristics as well as perception of the usefulness of ride-sourcing based on the users' previous modes of transport before ride-sourcing existed. For these purposes, the study collected data using a questionnaire survey in Bandung City in 2018. We found that substitution from public transport exists for younger travellers, while substitution from private transport is most likely associated with infrequent and higher-income travellers. We also found open spaces, a green environment and high interaction society in the residential environments that have more association with high-income travellers, thus associated with lower use of ride-sourcing for former private transport users. This study found that travellers who resided in areas with similar, high-income characteristics tend to have a positive appreciation of ride-sourcing. It appears that the increasing perceived usefulness does not straightforwardly increase the frequency of usage. Therefore, travellers who lived in a more high-end and active social environment might appreciate the role of ride-sourcing services in some of their trips that complement another daily trip.

Banyaknya aktifitas ojek online yang tidak terkontrol di kawasan stasiun membuat permasalahan berupa tingkat kepadatan lalu lintas yang tinggi sehingga menimbulkan kemacetan dan gangguan terhadap angkutan lanjutan bus Transjakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak perubahan kinerja ruas jalan dengan melakukan analisis pada kondisi eksisting, kondisi jika terdapatnya fasilitas integrasi dan kondisi dalam mengatasi permasalahan terhadap ojek online. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan berdasarkan MKJI tahun 1997 untuk mengetahui kapasitas ruas jalan di kawasan Stasiun Palmerah dan penentuan kinerja ruas jalan dan level of service berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 96 tahun 2015. Analisis selanjutnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan simulasi perangkat lunak Vissim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya fasilitas integrasi dan penanganan ojek online peningkatan kinerja ruas jalan khususnya di jalan terdampak langsung yaitu pada Jalan Tentara Pelajar 2 (arah Pejompongan) memiliki volume dari 2508 smp/jam menjadi 2519.6 smp/jam dengan kerapatan 308 kend/km menjadi 262 kend/km dan kecepatan 14.57 km/jam menjadi 17.21 km/jam, ruas Jalan Tentara Pelajar 3 (arah Kebayoran Lama) memiliki volume dari 1749.2 smp/jam menjadi 1880.4 smp/jam dengan kerapatan 456 kend/km menjadi 238 kend/km dan kecepatan 7.51 km/jam menjadi 15.44 km/jam, ruas Jalan Pejompongan Raya memiliki volume dari 1044.7 smp/jam menjadi 1108.8 smp/jam dengan kerapatan 233 kend/km menjadi 153 kend/km dan kecepatan 8.57 km/jam menjadi 13.85 km/jam dan ruas Jalan Palmerah Timur memiliki volume 756.6 smp/jam menjadi 778.3 smp/jam dengan nilai kerapatan 58 kend/km menjadi 49 kend/km dan kecepatan 26.57 km/jam menjadi 31.97 km/jam sehingga membuat peningkatan level of service dari “E” menjadi “D”.

This research focuses on the impact of the existence of the volunteer (VO) in managing traffic at unsignalized intersections. VO is a person who manages traffic at unsignalized intersection without the legality of operations but in exchange for financial compensation from the road users. VO is a unique phenomenon that only occurs in Indonesia's cities. The location of this research was qualified at unsignalized intersections in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which had a high traffic volume and had VO managing the traffic. The selected data were those during peak traffic conditions, each of which was one day at the same time with and without VO. Traffic volume, speed, waiting time, and vehicle conflict were the data collected and analyzed in this research. The results indicated that although the existence of VO was needed psychologically to lessen the chaotic traffic situation at unsignalized intersection, it did not have a significant impact on reducing the waiting time for vehicles from the minor road to cross and merge to the major road. The difference in waiting time was only around an average of two seconds as a result of the existence of VO compared to non-VO. According to the findings, this research proposes to prohibit the untrained VO since the benefits derived in controlling the chaotic traffic is not proportional to the potential risk of getting hit or lawsuits from drivers who are disturbed by their existence.

Improving public transport (PT) services is critical to maintaining resilient and sustainable transportation. While the investment in PT (i.e., buses) has not been able to shift private vehicle users, especially motorcyclists, to buses, the emergence of motorcycle-based ride-sourcing (MBRS) has become a popular travel mode that threatens the existing bus demand. Due to this, this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the choice of buses over private motorcycles and MBRS among high school and university students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, through the hybrid choice model. The explored variables include sociodemographic characteristics, travel time, travel cost, and latent variables of travel mode perceptions. By involving 527 respondents, the analysis showed that travel time, travel cost, and sociodemographic factors, including education level, income, and motorcycle ownership, significantly impacted travel mode choices. The findings also revealed that convenience causes buses to be the chosen transport means among students, while lifestyle generates students to choose MBRS services. Based on findings, this study proposed some policies to increase bus demand, especially related to the identified convenience factors and travel time.

The Bali Government has made the implementation of the electric vehicle (EV) policy a high priority considering its attractiveness for emission and air pollution reduction to maintain the sustainability of Bali's nature and tourism sector. Considering the uniqueness of the tourism sector in Bali and the mobility it generates, this study aims to investigate the factors that influence EV use by tourists based on several scenarios for estimating EV share target and the emission reduction contributed. For those purposes, the stated choice questionnaire was distributed online and offline to tourists in Bali and analyzed using the multinomial logit (MNL) model. While the study done during pandemic times, where the number of the tourist is significantly decreasing and the travel behavior influenced by mobility restriction imposed by the government, the data collection still covered mobility of both international and domestic tourist. The survey found that rental cost and accessibility, as well as the quality of charging stations are factors that affect EV use by tourists. Motorcycle parking cost was also found to influence EV use. These findings align with previous studies, and interventions such as fiscal incentives for rental companies and infrastructure development are suggested similar to EV incentives implemented in China, India, or the US. The development of the low emission zone (LEZ) is also proposed to manage parking fares similar to what was implemented in London, specifically to push the shift from internal combustion engine (ICE) to EV. Based on emission inventory calculation, 1.9 million kg of potential annual CO2 can be prevented with the implementation of these policies by the government. Purpose Climate Lab; Federal Ministry of Economic and Development (BMZ), Federal Republic of Germany

After the Jakarta government enacted a policy to improve air quality in high-priority areas and established Low Emission Zone (LEZ) in the Kota Tua Tourism Area (KTTA), there is now a plan to replicate this LEZ in other locations. However, the current scale of the LEZ in the KTTA and the ongoing issues with public acceptance, raise the question of how the Jakarta Government effectively replicates this policy in other locations. This study aims to explore the socio-psychological factors that affect acceptability and restriction preference (i.e., type of vehicle and strategies) on LEZ replication in Jakarta. For those purposes, questionnaires were distributed to the commuters in Jakarta, and hierarchical Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Multinomial Logistics Regression (MNL) were used to analyze the data. The support for LEZ expansion to other locations was found to be shaped by the trust of the government, the level of environmental concern, and personal and social norms concerning LEZ implementation. The perception of the form of full-scale restriction (i.e., combinations of the vehicle types to be restricted and/or the TDM strategies) that should be implemented within the LEZ area is associated with higher acceptability and environmental concern. Moreover, younger and wealthier people are among the groups who are more concerned about the effectiveness of LEZ implementation.

This study aims to investigate students’ difficulties in using the bus to get to school based on Rasch analysis and examines students’ innate abilities in handling the barriers. A total of 536 high school students in Yogyakarta were randomly surveyed. This study considers forty barriers of bus use grouped into eight aspects: safety, bus stop reliability, accessibility, mobility, payment system, bus reliability, transfer efficiency, and information and communication technology. The results show that the students experienced 18 main barriers in using the bus. The limited time of travel, circuitous routes, and distance to the bus stops were the three most significant barriers for students in using the bus during the morning commute. Conversely, students reported no difficulty using the bus regarding safety and payment system aspects. This result additionally shows that gender, age, allowance, and drivers’ licenses also influence the extent of the barrier experienced by the students. Finally, some strategies to increase the students’ ability to overcome barriers in utilizing the bus are proposed to create a sustainable public transport system in Yogyakarta.

The emergence of motorcycle-based ride-hailing services provides more transportation options to users in developing countries like Indonesia. However, many people currently believe that the availability of these new options threatens the demand for public transportation. This study aims to understand the latent factors that influence passengers to prefer bus service over motorcycle-based ride-hailing. The study includes 19 variables and applies a hybrid choice model by employing 703 bus passenger responses in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Our analysis shows three latent variables that most significantly impact the selection of bus service over motorcycle-based ride-hailing: forced bus use, bus service quality, and favorable conditions for bus use. These three variables were influential enough to outweigh the potential time and cost savings of motorcycle ride-hailing. The results also indicate that the decision of which option to use is significantly influenced by users’ age and income. Lastly, results of our analysis show that future bus service demand will depend on how much buses can improve to meet users’ needs, if they are to win the competition over transportation options that can be booked online such as motorcycle ride-hailing.

This study examines the change in activities and associated travel during the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study is particularly interested in analyzing the role of attitudes, descriptive norms, protective behaviors toward COVID-19, travel frequency before the pandemic, and spatial and individual characteristics on activity-travel behavior changes in relation to information and communication technology (ICT) use. Data were obtained from 1062 respondents using a web-based questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the complex relationships among variables. This study found that descriptive norms positively affected the frequency of travel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teleworking and e-learning and attitudes toward COVID-19 directly affected activity-travel behavior changes. On the contrary, teleshopping did not contribute to reducing out-of-home activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Experience of ICT influenced a decline in travel frequency and ride-hailing use. Furthermore, although personal attributes insignificantly influenced activity-travel behavior change, these attributes directly affected ICT use. Meanwhile, people living outside of Java Island had a higher travel frequency during the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic than their counterparts. Based on our findings, this study recommends that the very initial step in an emergency caused by a disaster be to massively socialize or educate people about the risk of the pandemic and to continue with a policy to minimize travel by encouraging teleworking and e-learning. Empowering ICT to support activities from home will beneficially minimize the spread of the pandemic.

Penelitian ini berfokus pada peningkatan kualitas lahan parkir UGM. Kinerja lahan parkir dievaluasi pada awal penelitian dan dilanjutkan dengan rencana pengembangan sebagai lahan parkir yang terintegrasi dengan sistem transportasi kampus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji fasilitas lahan parkir UGM yang disebabkan oleh fenomena peningkatan jumlah kendaraan mahasiswa yang terjadi setiap tahunnya. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Data diolah dengan analisis hitung karakteristik parkir dan analisis deskriptif terkait tanggapan mahasiswa terhadap perkembangan sistem transportasi kampus. Setelah itu, prinsip kawasan Transit Oriented Development (TOD) direncanakan untuk menciptakan kawasan yang kondusif dalam sistem transportasi. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak ada kondisi ideal di antara kedua sampel lahan parkir tersebut, dengan indeks parkir 135% untuk parkir Fakultas Filsafat Timur dan 103% untuk parkir PBB Selatan. Selain itu, berdasarkan metrik penilaian TOD menurut ITDP (2014), UGM mendapat nilai 74 dari 100. Oleh karena itu, solusi alternatif yang diberikan dalam penelitian ini adalah perancangan arsitektur sebagai tempat parkir, trotoar pejalan kaki, jalan sepeda dan jalur bus kampus. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk membawa UGM menjadi salah satu kampus educopolis. Kata kunci: kampus educopolis, tempat parkir, transit-oriented development Abstract The focus of this study is by the quality increase of UGM parking lots. Parking lots performance is evaluated at the beginning of this study and continued with the development planning as a parking lot that integrated with the campus transportation system. The aim of this study is to examine the UGM parking lots facilities caused by the phenomenon of an increase in the number of student vehicles that occur every year. The data collection process was done by field observation and interview using questioner. The data is processed by counting-analysis of parking characteristic and descriptive analysis related students' responses about the development of campus transportation system. After that, the Transit Oriented Development (TOD) principle area is planned to create conducive area in the transportation system. The result of statistical analysis showed there was no ideal condition in between both of parking lot samples, with parking index 135% for the Eastern Faculty of Philosophy parking lot and 103% for the PPB South parking lot. In addition, based on the TOD assessment metric according to ITDP (2014), UGM scored 74 out of 100. Therefore, alternative solution given by this study were architectural design as parking lots, pedestrian sidewalk, bicycle road, and bus-campus route. The effort created to bring UGM to be one of educopolis campus. Keywords: educopolis campus, parking lots, transit-oriented development

Pedestrians are different from vehicles. Pedestrian has its unique characteristic, especially for its flexibility in traffic. Pedestrians play an important role in supporting sustainable roads as the impact from the vehicle such as pollution, even crowded vehicles create more problems than pedestrians. Pedestrians’ characteristics can be divided based on their activity, area, and even based on their behaviour when they are walking. All pedestrian management policies must be started from knowing local and then global characteristics. This will serve more details about pedestrian lanes, and can also be used to derive fundamental parameters for pedestrian operations and to create pedestrian models. In traffic research, one of the volume functions related to speed and density was also used to pre-analyze pedestrian behaviour. The purpose of this study was to introduce the local characteristic of pedestrians in Yogyakarta as a basic term for making regulations or policies as well as better planning for pedestrian lanes. The results showed that pedestrian volume had different characteristics between morning flow and afternoon flow. The characteristic volume of the morning flow tended to decrease due to the difference in temperatures which was lower in the morningandhigher temperatures during the day. As for the afternoon flow, pedestrian fluctuations increased duetothe temperatures decreasefromnoonto evening. This was reinforced byan independent T test. Another result showed that pedestrians groupsdominated the shopping area, hospital area, as well as public space. Lastly, the characteristics ofpedestriansin the sidewalk commercial areaalsohad different characteristicsin terms of carrying goods, whereas the shopping areasweremoredominatedbypedestrianscarrying goodsthan others. These basic terms were expected to be the basic foundation for managing and planning pedestrian lanes based on their local characteristics.

Budaya bersepeda sebagai moda transportasi ramah lingkungan masih terus digalakkan di berbagai wilayah. Pelajar remaja tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) dan Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) merupakan potensi besar pengguna di kota Yogyakarta, dimana secara usia dapat lebih mandiri untuk perjalanan harian sekolah. Mayoritas pelajar remaja saat ini tergantung pada kendaraan bermotor yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Untuk itu, kami berusaha menemukan faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan sepeda pada pelajar remaja non-pesepeda. Kami menggunakan metode analisis faktor eksploratori pada 248 responden pelajar remaja, untuk merumuskan faktor yang mempengaruhi, mulai tahap sesaat sebelum berangkat dari rumah, sampai dengan sekolah dan sebaliknya. Kami menemukan empat faktor, secara berurutan yaitu : faktor mobilitas dan aksesibilitas; faktor keamanan dan keselamatan; faktor kenyamanan; dan faktor kualitas infrastruktur bersepeda, yang mempengaruhi pelajar remaja di kota Yogyakarta enggan menggunakan sepeda untuk perjalanan sekolah. Temuan kami membuktikan bahwa manajemen mobilitas dan perilaku pengguna infrastruktur, dengan lebih banyak waktu seharian dihabiskan hanya di sekolah lebih mendorong penggunaan sepeda, dan setelahnya meningkatkan kualitas infrastruktur bersepeda lebih aman, selamat dan nyaman dapat dilakukan.

Nowadays, airports are expected to be operated as a self-service organisation that provides efficient and high-quality services. Since the satisfaction of passengers is essential for airport’s operators, the efforts to provide better services for passengers become a concern for airport’s operators by increasing the quality of service to passengers. It is crucial to identify which kind of services that would be the top priority service for the passengers. Thus, this study aims to improve the quality of service to passengers that are conducted by combining the Servqual method and Kano model. Servqual method is used to capture consumer perceptions and expectations of service along with the multi-dimensional research instrument, while the Kano model is a theory to observe costumer’s satisfaction preferences. The combination of the methods aims to determine the type of service that becomes the top priority for immediate improvement so that it can improve the service quality effectively. The selection of the priority services is based on the magnitude of the gap between expectations and perceptions of passengers on a particular service, and the assessment of passengers on the type of service that significantly influences passengers’ satisfaction with the service performance at the airport. The results of this research showed that there were three types of services as the top priority for improving their performance, namely the type of services related to the personal attention to passengers, the attractive waiting room conditions, and the understanding of each passenger’s needs individually. The airport management is expected to immediately improve the performance of the services so that the quality of service can immediately increase.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan membandingkan perilaku siswa sekolah dasar yang telah menerima edukasi keselamatan lalu lintas dengan siswa yang belum menerima edukasi keselamatan berlalu lintas. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 4 Sekolah Dasar yaitu SD Negeri Krebet, SD Puluhan, SD Priyan dan SD Bendosari Kabupaten Bantul dengan pertimbangan bahwa Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Bantul paling banyak menerima edukasi tentang keselamatan lalu lintas Safety for Children yang diselenggarakan oleh Gachon University bekerjasama dengan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dinas Perhubungan, Kepolisian Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan dan Koica. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Penyebaran kuesioner pada siswa dilakukan untuk memperoleh data kuantitatif. Kuesioner yang dibagikan melalui google form dan pengisian oleh siswa dapat dibantu oleh orang tua/wali murid. Berdasarkan anlisis penelitian diketahui bahwa siswa yang telah mendapatkan pendidikan keselamatan berlalulintas lebih memahami praktik dan pemahaman berlalulintas dibandingkan dengan siswa yang tidak mendapatkan pendidikan keselamatan berlalulintas, meskipun perbandingan nilainya tidak signifikan. Kata kunci: Perilaku berlalu lintas anak, Edukasi keselamatan lalu lintas, Pemahaman berlalu lintas anak

Advances in information and communication technology are driving the rapid development of online transportation. The growth rate of online transportation has an impact on intermodal competition, especially in urban areas. One of the most-used online transportation applications in Indonesia is the online motorcycle taxi. This type of raid-hailing transportation offers flexibility, as it can filter through traffic, and affordable costs, making it a popular mode of transportation for the wider community. It is interesting to find out variables affecting people’s choice of online motorcycle taxi as compared to private vehicles of the same type, namely motorcylce. This study aims to build a mode selection model to compare between motorcycle - as the most widely used mode - and online motorcycle taxi. The data were collected through a home- interview survey of 150 workers in Yogyakarta Indonesia who normally travel to work using motorcycle or online motorcycle taxis on their daily basis. Data analysis were conducted using binary logistic regression in SPSS version 24 and included sociodemographic variables and travel characteristics. The analysis showed that gender, age, number of vehicle ownership, and travel time affected people’s choice on online motorcycle taxi or motorcycle.

Traffic condition in Yogyakarta City faces growing volume each year. Meanwhile, the development of road is increasingly harder to expand due to limited availability of lands and funds. Therefore, evaluation of road networks is needed to avoid, reduce and eliminate traffic congestion in Yogyakarta. In this study, the authors aim to build road network model representing traffic condition in Yogykarta. Capacity restraint method is used for traffic assignment with the assistance of ZIN software. ZIN capability to model complex road networks is also assessed.