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Urothelial carcinomas are malignant tumours originating from the epithelial layer of the urinary bladder. In this instance, a case of papillary and infiltrative urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder of a 2-year-old terrier dog was defined clinically, histopathologically and immunohistochemically. The material of the presented case consisted of urinary bladder tissue samples that were surgically extirpated from a two-year-old terrier-breed female dog that applied to the Department of Surgery of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University with the complaint of hematuria. The tumour brought to the pathology laboratory was 11*10*12 cm in size and had finger-shaped extensions. Its outer surface was rough and hemorrhagic. Tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and paraffin blocks were obtained by going through the necessary routine follow-up procedures. Afterward, sections were taken and subjected to Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson's Trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining. As a result of the pathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the tumoral tissue samples taken from the urinary bladder, the diagnosis of papillary and infiltrative urothelial carcinoma was reached, and the case was discussed with the information provided by the literature. In addition, immunohistochemically, intense Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) staining has been associated with malignancy.

Bakır zehirlenmesi, bakırın vücuda alınımı ve atılımı arasındaki dengesizlikten kaynaklanan patolojik bir durumdur. Akut zehirlenme genellikle antihelmintik ilaçlar, mineral karışımları veya aşırı miktarda çözünür bakır tuzlarının uygulanmasından sonra görülür. Sunulan bu çalışmanın materyalini 900 toklu oluşturmaktadır. Hasta hayvanlarda abdominal sancı, ishal, hemoglobinüri, ikterus ve ölüm bulunmaktaydı. Yapılan nekropsiler sonucu deri altı yağ dokusu, serozalar ve organların etrafındaki yağ dokuda şiddetli sarılık belirlendi. Karaciğerin koyu kahve ya da sarımtırak renkte ve kolay parçalandığı görüldü. Safra keseleri dolgun, safra koyu renkte ve granüler yapıdaydı. Böbreklerin oldukça şişkin ve koyu siyah renkte olduğu görüldü. İdrar keseleri hemoglobinüriye bağlı olarak koyu kırmızı renkte idrar içermekteydi. Histopatolojik muayenede hepatositlerde hidropik dejenerasyon, vakuoler dejenerasyon, yağlanma, multifokal nekrozlar ve dissosiasyon, hepatositlerin sitoplazmasında sarı kahve renkte granüllerin yanı sıra hepatosit sitoplazmaları ve safra kanalcıklarında sarımsı-yeşil renkte safra pigmentlerine rastlandı. Portal alanlarda mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonları ile safra kanalı artışı belirlendi. Karaciğer kesitlerine Rodaninle yapılan boyamalarda hepatositlerin sitoplazmalarında kırmızımsı renkte pozitif boyanmalar tespit edildi, Böbreklerde tubul epitellerinde şişkinlik ve vakuoler dejenerasyon, bilurubin pigmenti dikkati çekti. Sunulan bu çalışmada koyunlarda görülen ve yem katkısından kaynaklandığı belirlenen akut bakır zehirlenmesinin klinik, toksikolojik ve patolojik bulgularının ortaya konulması ve son yıllarda oldukça sık karşılaşılan yem katkısı kaynaklı zehirlenme olaylarına dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır., Copper poisoning is a pathological condition resulting from an imbalance between the uptake and excretion of copper. Acute poisoning is usually observed after administering anthelmintic drugs, mineral mixtures, or excessively soluble copper salts. The material of the present study consists of 900 yearling sheep. Sick animals had abdominal pain, diarrhea, hemoglobinuria, icterus, and death. As a result of the necropsies, severe icterus was determined in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, serosas, and adipose tissue around the organs. It was observed that the liver was dark brown or yellowish and easily disintegrated. The gallbladders were full, the bile was dark in color and granular. It was observed that the kidneys were quite swollen and dark black. The urinary bladders contained dark red urine due to hemoglobinuria. Histopathological examination revealed hydropic degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, steatosis, multifocal necrosis, and dissociation in hepatocytes, yellowish-brown granules in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, as well as yellowish-green bile pigments in the hepatocyte cytoplasm and bile ducts. Mononuclear cell infiltration and bile duct increase were determined in portal areas. In the staining of liver sections with Rodanin, positive staining in reddish color was detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Swelling and vacuolar degeneration in the tubular epithelium in the kidneys and bilirubin pigment were noted. This study it is aimed to reveal the clinical, toxicological, and pathological findings of acute copper poisoning in sheep, which is determined to be caused by feed additives and to draw attention to feed additive poisoning events that have been encountered quite frequently in recent years.

Plant growth and development are regulated by light, which is a significant environmental component. It is involved in seedling de-etiolation, phototropism, shadow escaping, seed germination, circadian rhythms, and blooming timing, among other reactions in the plant life cycle (collectively termed photomorphogenesis). These light responses are controlled by phytochromes, which interact with a variety of partner proteins. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe members of the phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) gene family including the basic helix loop helix (bHLH) binding site in Phaseolus vulgaris plants, as well as to investigate their responses to salt and drought stress. Various tools in silico approaches were used to identify five Pvul-PIF gene families in the P. vulgaris genome. This gene family contained 324 to 726 amino acids and has molecular weights ranging from 35.11 kDa to 77.67 kDa. The theoretical isoelectric points range from 6.03 (Pvul-PIF-3.3) to 8.30 (Pvul-PIF-3.2). Pvul-PIF proteins were shown to be clustered in three main groups with Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, Solanum lycopersicum, Zea mays, Arachis hypogaea L., Oryza sativa, Vitis vinifera, Glycine max, and Phaseolus vulgaris species as a result of the phylogenetic study. Segmental duplication was detected between Pvul-PIF-3.2, Pvul-PIF-3.3 and Pvul-PIF-3.1 genes, Pvul-PIF-4.1 and Pvul-PIF-4.2 genes and Pvul-PIF-3.3 and Pvul-PIF-3.1 genes. When the expression patterns of the Pvul-PIF genes were examined, it was observed that they had different levels of expression under salt and drought stress and that they may be involved in specific biological and molecular processes in response to different abiotic and biotic stresses. The results of this research, which were established for the first time in the response to salt and drought stress in P. vulgaris of the PIF gene family, will be a valuable source of knowledge and additional information in the fields of plant biotechnology, agricultural biotechnology, and molecular biology.