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The mining industry in the copper belt region of Africa was initiated in the early 1900s, with copper being the main ore extracted to date. The main objectives of the present study are (1) to characterize the microbial structure, abundance, and diversity in different ecological conditions in the cupriferous city of Lubumbashi and (2) to assess the metal phytoextraction potential of Leucaena leucocephala, a main plant species used in tailing. Four ecologically different sites were selected. They include a residential area (site 1), an agricultural dry field (site 2), and an agricultural wetland (site 3), all located within the vicinity of a copper/cobalt mining plant. A remediated tailing was also added as a highly stressed area (site 4). As expected, the highest levels of copper and cobalt among the sites studied were found at the remediated tailing, with 9447 mg/kg and 2228 mg/kg for copper and cobalt, respectively. The levels of these metals at the other sites were low, varying from 41 mg/kg to 579 mg/kg for copper and from 4 mg/kg to 110 mg/kg for cobalt. Interestingly, this study revealed that the Leucaena leucocephala grown on the remediated sites is a copper/cobalt excluder species as it accumulates soil bioavailable metals from the rhizosphere in its roots. Amplicon sequence analysis showed significant differences among the sites in bacterial and fungal composition and abundance. Site-specific genera were identified. Acidibacter was the most abundant bacterial genus in the residential and remediated tailing sites, with 11.1% and 4.4%, respectively. Bacillus was predominant in both dry (19.3%) and wet agricultural lands (4.8%). For fungi, Fusarium exhibited the highest proportion of the fungal genera at all the sites, with a relative abundance ranging from 15.6% to 20.3%. Shannon diversity entropy indices were high and similar, ranging from 8.3 to 9 for bacteria and 7.0 and 7.4 for fungi. Β diversity analysis confirmed the closeness of the four sites regardless of the environmental conditions. This lack of differences in the microbial community diversity and structures among the sites suggests microbial resilience and physiological adaptations.

Summary Background Biopsychosocial care is one of the approaches recommended in the health system by the WHO. Although efforts are being made on the provider side to implement it and integrate it into the health system, the community dynamic also remains to be taken into account for its support. The objective of this study is to understand the community's perceptions of the concept of integrated health care management according to the biopsychosocial approach (BPS) at the Health Center of a Health District and its evaluation in its implementation. Methods This cross-sectional study was done in six Health Areas belonging to four Health Districts in South Kivu, DRC. We conducted 15 semi-directive individual interviews with 9 respondents selected by convenience, including 6 members of the Development Committees of the Health Areas, with whom we conducted 12 interviews and 3 patients met in the health centers. The adapted Normalization MeAsure Development (NoMAD) tool, derived from the Theory of the Normalization Process of Complex Interventions, allowed us to collect data from November 2017 to February 2018, and then from November 2018 to February 2019. After data extraction and synthesis, we conducted a thematic analysis using the NoMAD tool to build a thematic framework. Six themes were grouped into three categories. Results Initially, community reports that the BPS approach of integrated care in the Health Centre is understood differently by providers; but then, through collective coordination and integrated leadership within the health care team, the approach becomes clearer. The community encouraged some practices identified as catalysts to help the approach, notably the development of financial autonomy and mutual support, to the detriment of those identified as barriers. According to the community, the BPS model has further strengthened the performance of health workers and should be expanded and sustained. Conclusions The results of our study show the importance of community dynamics in the care of biopsychosocial situations by providers. The barriers and catalysts to the mechanism, both community-based and professional, identified in our study should be considered in the process of integrating the biopsychosocial model of person-centered health care.

From 2015 to 2019, the "RIPSEC" program launched a mentorship program, transforming the Walungu health zone, in eastern crisis-affected Democratic Republic of Congo, into a "Learning and Research Zone" (LRZ). As part of the program, a local university was tasked with strengthening the LRZ manager's leadership capacities, including efforts to troubleshoot challenges related to the proliferation of informal healthcare facilities (IHFs). IHFs are unregulated healthcare structures operating on the fringes of the law, and claiming to offer cheaper, higher-quality care to the local population. This study evaluates the impact of RIPSEC mentorship on leadership development and the performance in the Walungu LRZ, particularly concerning the utilization of integrated curative health services in competition with IHFs. We used a mixed method approach, combining retrospective analysis of some key health indicators before (2014) and during RIPSEC program (2014 vs. 2015-2019), and in-depth qualitative interviews with members of the LRZ management team. Quantitative data were presented as frequencies and proportions. Simple linear regression (p

The mining industry in the copper belt region of Africa was initiated in the early 1900s, with copper being the main ore extracted to date. The main objectives of the present study are (1) to characterize the microbial structure, abundance, and diversity in different ecological conditions in the cupriferous city of Lubumbashi and (2) to assess the metal phytoextraction potential of Leucaena leucocephala, a main plant species used in tailing. Four ecologically different sites were selected. They include a residential area (site 1), an agricultural dry field (site 2), and an agricultural wetland (site 3), all located within the vicinity of a copper/cobalt mining plant. A remediated tailing was also added as a highly stressed area (site 4). As expected, the highest levels of copper and cobalt among the sites studied were found at the remediated tailing, with 9447 mg/kg and 2228 mg/kg for copper and cobalt, respectively. The levels of these metals at the other sites were low, varying from 41 mg/kg to 579 mg/kg for copper and from 4 mg/kg to 110 mg/kg for cobalt. Interestingly, this study revealed that the Leucaena leucocephala grown on the remediated sites is a copper/cobalt excluder species as it accumulates soil bioavailable metals from the rhizosphere in its roots. Amplicon sequence analysis showed significant differences among the sites in bacterial and fungal composition and abundance. Site-specific genera were identified. Acidibacter was the most abundant bacterial genus in the residential and remediated tailing sites, with 11.1% and 4.4%, respectively. Bacillus was predominant in both dry (19.3%) and wet agricultural lands (4.8%). For fungi, Fusarium exhibited the highest proportion of the fungal genera at all the sites, with a relative abundance ranging from 15.6% to 20.3%. Shannon diversity entropy indices were high and similar, ranging from 8.3 to 9 for bacteria and 7.0 and 7.4 for fungi. Β diversity analysis confirmed the closeness of the four sites regardless of the environmental conditions. This lack of differences in the microbial community diversity and structures among the sites suggests microbial resilience and physiological adaptations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market flexibility can be described as the ability to react competently to customers’ fluctuating demands. This ability has become critical to the survival of small to medium-sized enterprises. This study aimed at improving small to medium-sized manufacturers’ flexibility. The framework proposed in this paper has a mixed make-to-order and make-to-stock strategy, supported by a manual assembly line setup based on workers’ movements at its core. The hybrid system designed through this study allows small to medium-sized manufacturers to improve their responsiveness to the current dynamically changing market environment, and to stay competitive by providing them with the tools for fast customer response and financial expansion.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of organomineral fertilizer on the growth and mineral composition of Moringa oleifera organs. The experiment included three doses of cow dung, three doses of mineral fertilizers and two doses combining mineral fertilizers and cow dung. Soil samples and samples of M. oleifera organs were analyzed. Results revealed the contribution of fertilizer to improve soil chemical properties, except pH. The best vegetative development was obtained with the dose of 125 kg of mineral fertilizers per hectare. However, the mineral composition of Moringa oleifera has been improved by the application of organic matter compared to mineral fertilizers. In the second year of harvest, the results showed that the young leaves of Moringa are rich in moisture and ash, whereas mature leaf, have high levels of lipid, cellulose and proteins compared to young leaves. In the context of poor nutrition, Moringa oleifera L. is a sustainable solution when grown organically.

The responsibility of judges in their skill and their treatment of files in Congoleses Courts. It is a big issue, because their attitude and behavior, according to the great deal of people.having files in Congolese courts. ln fully awareness, files are attributed in fully violation according to laws. Which determine the conditions and criterions of attribution. He is the first to add a document to a file, the second one is linked to the lateness do ne in the treatment of the so called files by the judges or the magistrates. ln spite of the legal delay, there are both in penal documents or in civil ones. Through lack of good training of judges and magistrates, after their universities studies together with readiness of oblige, this should be one of the main reason of this behavior. Therefore it is necessary to create a school of magistrates where we will teach to judges and magistrates when they are hired (taken in work).

INTRODUCTION: l'onchocercose constitue un problème majeur de santé publique et l'on a noté environ 13 millions de personnes affectées et 26 millions exposées au cours de l'année 2012 en RDC. L'objectif de notre étude est fournir les données sur le niveau de connaissance, d'attitudes et des pratiques de la communauté huit ans après le lancement de la distribution de l'ivermectine sous directives communautaires. METHODES: il s'agit d'une étude descriptive transversale dans la communauté de l'aire de santé SAMBWA de la zone de santé de KAFUBU. La population cible de l'étude est toute personne de la communauté âgée de 15 à 65 ans. Les paramètres étudiés sont: âge, niveau d'instruction, connaissance de la maladie en langue locale et des signes, attitudes devant les personnes atteintes, perception de la maladie, utilisation des pratiques traditionnelles, association entre le niveau d'instruction et la connaissance de savoir si l'on peut suivre un traitement. RESULTATS: la moyenne d'âge des répondants était de 38,14 ans et 67,54% des enquêtés étaient de niveau primaire. L'étude a montré que 99,53 % des répondants connaissaient le terme onchocercose en langue locale (UBUMFUKU) et un niveau moyen de connaissance en ce qui concerne les lésions de la peau (66,9%) était noté. 1,9% des répondants craignaient les personnes atteintes et 42,2% des répondants percevaient l'onchocercose comme une maladie. Une proportion de 55% qui prenaient les plantes comme médicament. Il y avait association significative entre le niveau d'instruction et la connaissance de suivre un traitement contre l'onchocercose (p: 0,008). CONCLUSION: ces résultats interpellent en ce qui concerne la sensibilisation de la communauté sur l'onchocercose. Les stratégies de lutte contre l'onchocercose devraient prendre en compte ces différentes insuffisances de la communauté pour améliorer le traitement des masses par l'ivermectine tant au niveau du ménage que des coordinations de programme de lutte.