Search

The field of medical imaging gains value by increasing the need for automatic, reliable, fast and effective diagnostics that can provide insight into the image better than the human eye. A brain tumor is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men aged 20 to 39 and the fifth leading cause of cancer among women in the same age group. Diagnosis of a tumor is a very important part of its treatment. Images are obtained by Computed Tomography (CT) and are processed for medical and therapeutic purposes. This paper discusses Watershed algorithm that can inform the user of tumor details using basic image processing techniques. This process helps to determine the size, shape and shape of the tumor. It helps medical staff and the patient understand the seriousness of the tumor. The contour GUI of the tumor and its boundary can provide information to medical personnel by clicking the user selection buttons.

Because of the rapid growth of the population, the advancement of industry and innovation, and the development of commercialization, modern waste materials and resultant yields have increased rapidly in recent decades. With the growing demand on the environment to reduce waste and contamination, extensive research has been conducted to look at all feasible reuse options. Construction waste, blast furnace slag, steel slag, coal fly ash, and bottom ash have all been recommended as alternative materials in bridges, streets, asphalts, businesses, and building construction. In development operations, industrial waste is employed as a halfway substitute for crude resources, saving landfill area and reducing the demand for extraction of specific crude elements. The residue of chrome manufacturing is ferrochrome slag. Seeing slags as a potentially valuable asset rather than a waste has ecological and economic benefits. The limited area available and monetary cost repercussions of the slag heaps have influenced the executives at ferrochrome providing companies. Ferrochrome slag is used financially in the street and development sectors all over the world, including in South Africa, India, Norway, Turkey, East Europe, China, Sweden, and the United States. South Africa, India, Norway, Turkey, East Europe, China, Sweden, and the United States all employ ferrochrome slag for financial purposes in the street and development sectors. This material has lately been attempted in concrete, and also totals in the solid industry, block manufacturing, and asphalt development as a building fill. This report gives an overview of recent developments in the use of ferrochrome slag in various structural design applications, such as street building and the bond and solid industries., {"references":["Das, S. K., & Yudhbir. (2005). Geotechnical characterization of some Indian fly ashes. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 17(5), 544-552.","Gray, D. H., & Lin, Y. K. (1972). Engineering properties of compacted fly ash. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 98(4), 361- 380.","Hart, B. R., Powell, M. A., Fyfe, W. S., Sahu, K. C., & Tripathy, S. (1991). Mineralogic and element association of coals from the Gevra mine, Korba coal field, Madhya Pradesh, India. In Environmental impact of coal utilization (from raw material to waste resources): Proceedings.","Zelić, J. (2005). Properties of concrete pavements prepared with ferrochromium slag as concrete aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(12), 2340-2349.","Gencel, O. , Koksal, F., Ozel, C., Brostow, W. Constr. Build. Mater.29 (2012)","Panda, C. R., Mishra, K. K., Panda, K. C., Nayak, B. D., & Nayak, B. B. (2013). Environmental and technical assessment of ferrochrome slag as concrete aggregate material. Construction and Building Materials, 49, 262-271.","Pandian, N. S. (2004). Fly ash characterization with reference to geotechnical applications. Journal of the Indian Institute of Science, 84(6), 189.","Parekh, B. K., & Goldberger, W. M. (1976). An assessment of technology for possible utilization of Bayer process muds. U. S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Off. Res. Dev., Rep. EPA, 1976, EPA-600/2-76-301, 143.","Patel, H., & Pitroda, J. K. (2013). A study of utilization aspect of quarry dust in Indian context. Journal Of International Academic Research For Multidisciplinary, Impact Factor, 1.","Kumar, P. H., Srivastava, A., Kumar, V., Majhi, M. R., & Singh, V. K. (2014). Implementation of industrial waste ferrochrome slag in conventional and low cement castables: Effect of microsilica addition. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2(2), 169-175."]}

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in the world in the month of Dec. 2019 in China and rapidly spread all over the world. The major issue with the disease is that it spread just by coming into contact with the infected person or infected object, and therefore, it is very difficult to operate day-to-day operations, jobs, and various economic activities in a country. The most damaging impact of this pandemic is that it has disturbed various economic activities all over the world. Many people lost their jobs, many businesses shut down, and many services stopped. Now the point is how to operate these various activities in more strategic ways so that negative impacts of the same can be minimized. Every economic activity has its own parameters and system of operations, and therefore, every activity has to be dealt with in a unique way. This chapter discusses post-pandemic strategies for critical sectoral development to resume their development. The required data for the present study was collected from both primary and secondary sources.

The lithospheric velocity structure of the lower Indus basin has been evaluated through inversion of fundamental modes of both Love and Rayleigh wave group velocities from the broadband records of a seismic network maintained by the Institute of Seismological Research, Gujarat, India. We have considered three clusters of wave paths A, B, and C that mainly cross the lower Indus basin from south to north; the wave paths of A mainly cross the continental shelf, and the wave paths of B and C pass through the lower Indus basin. The measured group velocities correspond to periods of 5 to 90 s for Rayleigh waves, and 5 to 115 s for Love waves. These data sets resolve the structure of the lithosphere through a nonlinear inversion based on a genetic algorithm with a wide solution space. The mean and standard deviation (S.D.) of the 70 accepted solutions for each of these three clusters provide the 2D structure for the lower Indus basin from south to north. The sediment consists of two layers with total thickness from 5.7 to 6.6 km increasing northward. The crustal thickness also increases northward from 32.9 (cluster A) to 39.7 km (cluster C) in the lower Indus region. The S -wave velocity below the crust varies from 4.55 to 4.59 km/s, which is close to the corresponding velocity of 4.60 km/s of the Indian shield region to the east of the Aravalli range. The thicknesses of the lithosphere, as well as the velocities of the uppermost mantle of the lower Indus plain, are similar to that of the Indian shield.

In this paper, shear wave velocity (Vs) investigations are carried out using Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method at ten representative sites in the NCT region, New Delhi. The analysis shows that the Vs obtained from the sites located on Alwar quartzites of Delhi Super Group ranges from 770 m/s to 2800 m/s, whereas on other sites located on lake/river sediments (Nazafgarh, Balsava and Akshar Dham) have Vs less than 180 m/s. The sites located on thick sediments shows Vs of the order of 180 m/s to 250 m/s. According to the soil classification, the sites covered can be classified under three categories: Class ‘B’ (Vs30 as >760m/s; JNU site and Asola site), class ‘D’ (Vs30>180 m/sec-360; Bhavana, Suhalpur, Ghazipur and Kirbi cantt. sites), whereas the sites located near lake/river sediments are classified as class ‘E’ (with very soft soil) and will be prone to liquefaction potential during strong earthquake shaking.

The seismically active Northwest (NW) Himalaya falls within Seismic Zone IV and V of the hazard zonation map of India. The region has suffered several moderate (~25), large-to-great earthquakes (~4) since Assam earthquake of 1897. In view of the major advancement made in understanding the seismicity and seismotectonics of this region during the last two decades, an updated probabilistic seismic hazard map of NW Himalaya and its adjoining areas covering 28–34°N and 74–82°E is prepared. The northwest Himalaya and its adjoining area is divided into nineteen different seismogenic source zones; and two different region-specific attenuation relationships have been used for seismic hazard assessment. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) estimated for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 and 10 years at locations defined in the grid of 0.25 × 0.25°. The computed seismic hazard map reveals longitudinal variation in hazard level along the NW Himalayan arc. The high hazard potential zones are centred around Kashmir region (0.70 g/0.35 g), Kangra region (0.50 g/0.020 g), Kaurik-Spitti region (0.45 g/0.20 g), Garhwal region (0.50 g/0.20 g) and Darchula region (0.50 g/0.20 g) with intervening low hazard area of the order of 0.25 g/0.02 g for 10% probability in 50 and 10 years in each region respectively.

The travel and tourism industry has emerged as one of the fastest growing sectors contributing significantly to global economic growth and development. While traditionally Europe and America have remained among the tourism markets, new emerging markets are expected to witness high growth in international tourist visits over the next decade. India has significant potential to become a preferred tourist destination globally. Its rich and diverse cultural heritage, abundant natural resources and biodiversity provides numerous tourist attractions. The total tourist visits in India have been growing at a steady rate of about 16 per cent over the past five years. The travel and tourism sector in India provides significant socio economic benefits. Several industry drivers such as government initiatives, diverse product offerings, growing economy, increasing disposable income levels and marketing initiatives along with key trends such as increasing number of women and senior citizen travellers, multiple short trips and weekend holidays, introduction of innovative tourism concepts and customised tour packages are playing a pivotal role in shaping the Indian tourism sector. Total tourist visits in various states of India over a five year period reveal that while states of Karnataka, Delhi, Punjab, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu and Jammu and Kashmir have improved their positions in 2012 as compared to 2008, those of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala have witnessed decline. Key attributable reason to the success of tourism in states is the increase in state investments towards the tourism sector. While the key commercial and leisure destinations of Delhi and Maharashtra enjoy good quality transport and accommodation infrastructure, states of Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan and Jharkhand may need significant improvements in their rail, road and airport infrastructure. Abundant natural and cultural resources in the northern states provide ample opportunities for development of diverse tourism products along with a single integrated tourism circuit. While an array of ancient and modern temples may provide an opportunity for developing states in northern India to emerge pilgrimage destinations, presence of palaces, forts and historical monuments help define their multi-cultural heritage. Also, wildlife sanctuaries with a wide variety of flora and fauna, mighty Himalayas, rivers, deserts, climate and diverse landscape provide attractive opportunities for thrill and adventure activities. It is worthwhile to mention here that tourism sector cannot develop without support of travel. Both are closely linked to each other and hence both the sector should be studied together. The research paper is intended to cover the potential, opportunities and framework for sustainable growth of travel and tourism industry in India. The main source of data will be of secondary type collected through various reliable sources.