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1. Effect of Simulation-based Training on Surgical Proficiency and Patient Outcomes: A Randomised Controlled Clinical and Educational Trial

Author

Baig, Umair, Aya, Haleema, Husnain Iqbal, Mohammed, Kum, Francesca, Bultitude, Matthew, Glass, Jonathan, Khan, Azhar, Makanjuola, Jonathan, McCabe, John E., Samsuddin, Azi, McIlhenny, Craig, Brewin, James, Kulkarni, Shashank, Khwaja, Sikandar, Islam, Waliul, Marsh, Howard, Bhat, Taher, Thomas, Benjamin, Cutress, Mark, Housami, Fadi, Nedas, Timothy, Bates, Timothy, Mukherjee, Rono, Graham, Stuart, Bordenave, Matthieu, Coker, Charles, Ahmed, Shwan, Symes, Andrew, Calvert, Robert, Lynch, Ciaran, Long, Ronan, Patterson, Jacob M., Rukin, Nicholas J., Khan, Shahid A., Dasgupta, Ranan, Brown, Stephen, Grey, Ben, Mahmalji, Waseem, Lam, Wayne, Scheitlin, Walter, Saelzler, Norbert, Fiedler, Marcel, Ishikawa, Shuhei, Sasaki, Yoshihiro, Sazawa, Ataru, Shinno, Yuichiro, Mochizuki, Tango, Peter Jessen, Jan, Steiner, Roland, Wendt-Nordahl, Gunnar, Atassi, Nabil, Kohns, Heiko, Cox, Ashley, Rendon, Ricardo, Lawen, Joseph, Bailly, Greg, Marsh, Trevor, Aydın, Abdullatif, Ahmed, Kamran, Abe, Takashige, Raison, Nicholas, Van Hemelrijck, Mieke, Garmo, Hans, Ahmed, Hashim U., Mukhtar, Furhan, Al-Jabir, Ahmed, Brunckhorst, Oliver, Shinohara, Nobuo, Zhu, Wei, Zeng, Guohua, Sfakianos, John P., Gupta, Mantu, Tewari, Ashutosh, Gözen, Ali Serdar, Rassweiler, Jens, Skolarikos, Andreas, Kunit, Thomas, Knoll, Thomas, Moltzahn, Felix, Thalmann, George N., Lantz Powers, Andrea G., Chew, Ben H., Sarica, Kemal, Shamim Khan, Muhammad, and Dasgupta, Prokar

Published
2022
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2. The role of the Raf/MAP kinase pathway in the development of androgen-insensitive prostate cancer

Author

Mukherjee, Rono

Subjects
616.99463071
Abstract

Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in the Western world and the second most common cause of male cancer-specific death. The development of novel therapies to treat androgen-insensitive prostate cancer (AIPC) has been hampered in the past by limited information regarding underlying molecular causes. A profound understanding of the various molecular pathways involved is crucial as specific targets are needed for molecular-based cancer therapy. Such potential targets include the type 1 receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR and HER2) and their downstream pathways. We hypothesised that the Raf/MAP Kinase cascade to be one such pathway, based on previous gene array data from our laboratory. This revealed amplification of members of the Raf/MAP Kinase pathway along with HER2 with the development of AIPC, which suggested that the Raf/MAP Kinase pathway promoted the development of clinical AIPC. The purpose of this M.D. was to further investigate the role of this signal cascade in AIPC by determining if these previously identified genetic changes had functional consequences in terms of protein expression. The role of the Raf/MAP Kinase pathway was investigated using clinical, archival material which consisted of paired, matched histological tissue specimens obtained before commencement of androgen deprivation therapy and after the development of androgen-escape. The expression levels and activation status of Raf-1 and MAP Kinase (2 critical members of the MAP kinase cascade) were determined in these matched ASPC and AIPC tumours using immunohistochemistry. Protein expression was then correlated with time to biochemical relapse, time to death from relapse and overall survival. Correlations were also made with the type 1 tyrosine kinase receptors, EGFR and HER2 (known to activate the pathway), and the known downstream targets, AR and AP-1, in the same cohort of patients. In doing so, increased protein expression of the pathway was seen to significantly impact on patient survival. Patient tumour specimens which displayed a rise in Raf-l expression had a significant reduction in time to biochemical relapse (< 0.0005). Furthermore, rising nuclear expression of MAP Kinase was strongly associated with shortened time to death from (p=0.0255) relapse resulting in reduced overall survival (p=0068). Correlations also existed with other critical members of the pathway in vivo. Correlations were seen between type 1 receptor tyrosine kinases and members of the Raf/MAP Kinase pathway before and after the development of AIPC, whilst further significant correlations developed with the c-fos and c-jun (components of the transcription factor AP-1) with the development of AIPC. From this data, the following can be concluded. Raf-1 and MAP Kinase appear to be involved in the development of AIPC, as their expression significantly impacts on known clinical parameters - namely, time to biochemical relapse and overall survival. This indicates a potential prognostic role for the MAP Kinase cascade in AIPC. In addition, positive correlations with other proteins may indicate that a type 1-tyrosine kinase receptor/Raf-MAP Kinase /AP-1 axis forms a functional pathway which plays a role in the development of clinical AIPC. This would imply that members of the Raf/MAP Kinase pathway may act as a therapeutic target in selected patients. The data provides, for the first time, clinical evidence to support our hypothesis that the Raf/MAP Kinase pathway is utilised in AIPC and plays a role in promoting its' development and progression. Further analysis of this pathway, and its' role in AIPC using clinical material, are clearly warranted. These findings lead us to hypothesise further that expression of Raf-1 and MAP Kinase would yield useful predictive information for patients at risk of AIPC and that targeting of the type 1-tyrosine kinase receptor/Raf-MAP Kinase /AP-1 axis in this sub-group of patients may yield a novel and exciting therapeutic avenue in the future.

Published
2005

4. The use of artificial intelligence and deep learning reconstruction in urological computed tomography: Dose reduction at ghost level.

Author

Rauf, Abdul, Javed, Saqib, Chandrasekar, Bhargavi, Miah, Saiful, Lyttle, Margaret, Siraj, Mamoon, Mukherjee, Rono, McLeavy, Christopher, Alaaraj, Hazem, and Hawkins, Richard

Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence, DEEP learning, COMPUTED tomography, URINARY calculi, URINARY organs, DICOM (Computer network protocol)
Abstract

Objective: The objective of the study is to demonstrate that with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in computed tomography (CT), radiation doses of CT kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) and CT urogram (CTU) can be reduced to less than that of X-ray KUB and CT KUB, respectively, while maintaining the good image quality. Materials and Methods: We reviewed all CT KUBs (n = 121) performed in September 2019 and all CTUs (n = 74) performed in December 2019 at our institution. The dose length product (DLP) of all CT KUBs and each individual phase of CTU were recorded. DLP of each scan done with new scanner (Canon Aquilion One Genesis with AiCE [CAOG]) which uses AI and deep learning reconstruction (DLR) were compared against traditional non-AI scanner (GE OPTIMA 660 [GEO-660]). We also compared DLPs of both scanners against the United Kingdom, National Diagnostic Reference Levels (NDRL) for CT. Results: One hundred and twenty-one patient's CT KUBs and 74 patient's CTUs were reviewed. For CT KUB group, the mean DLP of 81/121 scans done using AI/DLR scanner (CAOG) was 77.8 mGy cm (1.16 mSv), while the mean DLP of 40/121 CT KUB done with GEO-660 was 317.1 mGy cm (4.75 mSv). For CTU group, the mean DLP for 46/74 scans done using AI/DLR scanner (CAOG) was 401.9 mGy cm (6 mSv), compared to mean DLP of 1352.6 mGy cm (20.2 mSv) from GEO-660. Conclusion: We propose that CT scanners using AI/DLR method have the potential of reducing radiation doses of CT KUB and CTU to such an extent that it heralds the extinction of plain film XR KUB for follow-up of urinary tract stones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing CT KUB and CTU doses from new scanners utilizing AI/DLR technology with traditional scanners using hybrid iterative reconstruction technology. Moreover, we have shown that this technology can markedly reduce the cumulative radiation burden in all urological patients undergoing CT examinations, whether this is CT KUB or CTU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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5. Erratum to “Effect of Simulation-based Training on Surgical Proficiency and Patient Outcomes: A Randomised Controlled Clinical and Educational Trial” [Eur Urol 2022;81:385–393]

Author

Aydın, Abdullatif, primary, Ahmed, Kamran, additional, Abe, Takashige, additional, Raison, Nicholas, additional, Van Hemelrijck, Mieke, additional, Garmo, Hans, additional, Ahmed, Hashim U., additional, Mukhtar, Furhan, additional, Al-Jabir, Ahmed, additional, Brunckhorst, Oliver, additional, Shinohara, Nobuo, additional, Zhu, Wei, additional, Zeng, Guohua, additional, Sfakianos, John P., additional, Gupta, Mantu, additional, Tewari, Ashutosh, additional, Serdar Gözen, Ali, additional, Rassweiler, Jens, additional, Skolarikos, Andreas, additional, Kunit, Thomas, additional, Knoll, Thomas, additional, Moltzahn, Felix, additional, Thalmann, George N., additional, Lantz Powers, Andrea G., additional, Chew, Ben H., additional, Sarica, Kemal, additional, Shamim Khan, Muhammad, additional, Dasgupta, Prokar, additional, Baig, Umair, additional, Aya, Haleema, additional, Husnain Iqbal, Mohammed, additional, Kum, Francesca, additional, Bultitude, Matthew, additional, Glass, Jonathan, additional, Khan, Azhar, additional, Makanjuola, Jonathan, additional, McCabe, John E., additional, Samsuddin, Azi, additional, McIlhenny, Craig, additional, Brewin, James, additional, Kulkarni, Shashank, additional, Khwaja, Sikandar, additional, Islam, Waliul, additional, Marsh, Howard, additional, Bhat, Taher, additional, Thomas, Benjamin, additional, Cutress, Mark, additional, Housami, Fadi, additional, Nedas, Timothy, additional, Bates, Timothy, additional, Mukherjee, Rono, additional, Graham, Stuart, additional, Bordenave, Matthieu, additional, Coker, Charles, additional, Ahmed, Shwan, additional, Symes, Andrew, additional, Calvert, Robert, additional, Lynch, Ciaran, additional, Long, Ronan, additional, Patterson, Jacob M., additional, Rukin, Nicholas J., additional, Khan, Shahid A., additional, Dasgupta, Ranan, additional, Brown, Stephen, additional, Grey, Ben, additional, Mahmalji, Waseem, additional, Lam, Wayne, additional, Scheitlin, Walter, additional, Saelzler, Norbert, additional, Fiedler, Marcel, additional, Ishikawa, Shuhei, additional, Sasaki, Yoshihiro, additional, Sazawa, Ataru, additional, Shinno, Yuichiro, additional, Mochizuki, Tango, additional, Peter Jessen, Jan, additional, Steiner, Roland, additional, Wendt-Nordahl, Gunnar, additional, Atassi, Nabil, additional, Kohns, Heiko, additional, Cox, Ashley, additional, Rendon, Ricardo, additional, Lawen, Joseph, additional, Bailly, Greg, additional, and Marsh, Trevor, additional

Published
2022
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7. Effect of Simulation-based Training on Surgical Proficiency and Patient Outcomes: A Randomised Controlled Clinical and Educational Trial

Author

Aydın, Abdullatif, primary, Ahmed, Kamran, additional, Abe, Takashige, additional, Raison, Nicholas, additional, Van Hemelrijck, Mieke, additional, Garmo, Hans, additional, Ahmed, Hashim U., additional, Mukhtar, Furhan, additional, Al-Jabir, Ahmed, additional, Brunckhorst, Oliver, additional, Shinohara, Nobuo, additional, Zhu, Wei, additional, Zeng, Guohua, additional, Sfakianos, John P., additional, Gupta, Mantu, additional, Tewari, Ashutosh, additional, Gözen, Ali Serdar, additional, Rassweiler, Jens, additional, Skolarikos, Andreas, additional, Kunit, Thomas, additional, Knoll, Thomas, additional, Moltzahn, Felix, additional, Thalmann, George N., additional, Lantz Powers, Andrea G., additional, Chew, Ben H., additional, Sarica, Kemal, additional, Shamim Khan, Muhammad, additional, Dasgupta, Prokar, additional, Baig, Umair, additional, Aya, Haleema, additional, Husnain Iqbal, Mohammed, additional, Kum, Francesca, additional, Bultitude, Matthew, additional, Glass, Jonathan, additional, Khan, Azhar, additional, Makanjuola, Jonathan, additional, McCabe, John E., additional, Samsuddin, Azi, additional, McIlhenny, Craig, additional, Brewin, James, additional, Kulkarni, Shashank, additional, Khwaja, Sikandar, additional, Islam, Waliul, additional, Marsh, Howard, additional, Bhat, Taher, additional, Thomas, Benjamin, additional, Cutress, Mark, additional, Housami, Fadi, additional, Nedas, Timothy, additional, Bates, Timothy, additional, Mukherjee, Rono, additional, Graham, Stuart, additional, Bordenave, Matthieu, additional, Coker, Charles, additional, Ahmed, Shwan, additional, Symes, Andrew, additional, Calvert, Robert, additional, Lynch, Ciaran, additional, Long, Ronan, additional, Patterson, Jacob M., additional, Rukin, Nicholas J., additional, Khan, Shahid A., additional, Dasgupta, Ranan, additional, Brown, Stephen, additional, Grey, Ben, additional, Mahmalji, Waseem, additional, Lam, Wayne, additional, Scheitlin, Walter, additional, Saelzler, Norbert, additional, Fiedler, Marcel, additional, Ishikawa, Shuhei, additional, Sasaki, Yoshihiro, additional, Sazawa, Ataru, additional, Shinno, Yuichiro, additional, Mochizuki, Tango, additional, Peter Jessen, Jan, additional, Steiner, Roland, additional, Wendt-Nordahl, Gunnar, additional, Atassi, Nabil, additional, Kohns, Heiko, additional, Cox, Ashley, additional, Rendon, Ricardo, additional, Lawen, Joseph, additional, Bailly, Greg, additional, and Marsh, Trevor, additional

Published
2022
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9. Current process and outcomes of the surgical management of LUTS due to benign prostatic enlargement: how consistent are we? – results from the multi-institutional audit of surgical management of BPE (AuSuM BPE) in the United Kingdom

Author

Joshi, Hrishi, primary, Sali, Gaurav, additional, Paramore, Louise, additional, Jones, Richard, additional, Lazarowicz, Henry, additional, Kujawa, Magda Lucia, additional, Pandit, Amol, additional, David, Rotimi, additional, Wilson, Katherine, additional, Bates, Christopher, additional, Shergill, I, additional, Gan, Christine, additional, El-Husseiny, Tamer, additional, Mukhtar, Bashir, additional, Appanna, Timson, additional, Veeratterapillay, Rajan, additional, Harding, Christopher, additional, Crockett, Matthew, additional, Dawson, Christopher, additional, Simpson, Richard, additional, Zelhof, Bachar, additional, Starmer, B, additional, Mukherjee, Rono, additional, Bourdoumis, Andreas, additional, Jelski, Joseph, additional, Hashim, H, additional, McCabe, John, additional, Shaw, Greg, additional, Chow, Karyee, additional, and Betts, Christopher, additional

Published
2021
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13. Erratum to “Effect of Simulation-based Training on Surgical Proficiency and Patient Outcomes: A Randomised Controlled Clinical and Educational Trial” [Eur Urol 2022;81:385–393]

Author

Baig, Umair, Aya, Haleema, Husnain Iqbal, Mohammed, Kum, Francesca, Bultitude, Matthew, Glass, Jonathan, Khan, Azhar, Makanjuola, Jonathan, McCabe, John E., Samsuddin, Azi, McIlhenny, Craig, Brewin, James, Kulkarni, Shashank, Khwaja, Sikandar, Islam, Waliul, Marsh, Howard, Bhat, Taher, Thomas, Benjamin, Cutress, Mark, Housami, Fadi, Nedas, Timothy, Bates, Timothy, Mukherjee, Rono, Graham, Stuart, Bordenave, Matthieu, Coker, Charles, Ahmed, Shwan, Symes, Andrew, Calvert, Robert, Lynch, Ciaran, Long, Ronan, Patterson, Jacob M., Rukin, Nicholas J., Khan, Shahid A., Dasgupta, Ranan, Brown, Stephen, Grey, Ben, Mahmalji, Waseem, Lam, Wayne, Scheitlin, Walter, Saelzler, Norbert, Fiedler, Marcel, Ishikawa, Shuhei, Sasaki, Yoshihiro, Sazawa, Ataru, Shinno, Yuichiro, Mochizuki, Tango, Peter Jessen, Jan, Steiner, Roland, Wendt-Nordahl, Gunnar, Atassi, Nabil, Kohns, Heiko, Cox, Ashley, Rendon, Ricardo, Lawen, Joseph, Bailly, Greg, Marsh, Trevor, Aydın, Abdullatif, Ahmed, Kamran, Abe, Takashige, Raison, Nicholas, Van Hemelrijck, Mieke, Garmo, Hans, Ahmed, Hashim U., Mukhtar, Furhan, Al-Jabir, Ahmed, Brunckhorst, Oliver, Shinohara, Nobuo, Zhu, Wei, Zeng, Guohua, Sfakianos, John P., Gupta, Mantu, Tewari, Ashutosh, Serdar Gözen, Ali, Rassweiler, Jens, Skolarikos, Andreas, Kunit, Thomas, Knoll, Thomas, Moltzahn, Felix, Thalmann, George N., Lantz Powers, Andrea G., Chew, Ben H., Sarica, Kemal, Shamim Khan, Muhammad, and Dasgupta, Prokar

Published
2022
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30. The role of the Raf/MAP kinase pathway in the development of androgen-insensitive prostate cancer

Author

Mukherjee, Rono and Mukherjee, Rono

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in the Western world and the second most common cause of male cancer-specific death. The development of novel therapies to treat androgen-insensitive prostate cancer (AIPC) has been hampered in the past by limited information regarding underlying molecular causes. A profound understanding of the various molecular pathways involved is crucial as specific targets are needed for molecular-based cancer therapy. Such potential targets include the type 1 receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR and HER2) and their downstream pathways. We hypothesised that the Raf/MAP Kinase cascade to be one such pathway, based on previous gene array data from our laboratory. This revealed amplification of members of the Raf/MAP Kinase pathway along with HER2 with the development of AIPC, which suggested that the Raf/MAP Kinase pathway promoted the development of clinical AIPC. The purpose of this M.D. was to further investigate the role of this signal cascade in AIPC by determining if these previously identified genetic changes had functional consequences in terms of protein expression. The role of the Raf/MAP Kinase pathway was investigated using clinical, archival material which consisted of paired, matched histological tissue specimens obtained before commencement of androgen deprivation therapy and after the development of androgen-escape. The expression levels and activation status of Raf-1 and MAP Kinase (2 critical members of the MAP kinase cascade) were determined in these matched ASPC and AIPC tumours using immunohistochemistry. Protein expression was then correlated with time to biochemical relapse, time to death from relapse and overall survival. Correlations were also made with the type 1 tyrosine kinase receptors, EGFR and HER2 (known to activate the pathway), and the known downstream targets, AR and AP-1, in the same cohort of patients. In doing so, increased protein expression of the pathway was seen to significantly impa

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