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Trichosanthes kirilowii (T. kirilowii) is a valuable plant used for both medicinal and edible purposes. It belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. However, its phylogenetic position and relatives have been difficult to accurately determine due to the lack of mitochondrial genomic information. This limitation has been an obstacle to the potential applications of T. kirilowii in various fields. To address this issue, Illumina and Nanopore HiFi sequencing were used to assemble the mitogenome of T. kirilowii into two circular molecules with sizes of 245,700 bp and 107,049 bp, forming a unique multi-branched structure. The mitogenome contains 61 genes, including 38 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 20 tRNAs, and three rRNAs. Within the 38 PCGs of the T. kirilowii mitochondrial genome, 518 potential RNA editing sites were identified. The study also revealed the presence of 15 homologous fragments that span both the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. The phylogenetic analysis strongly supports that T. kirilowii belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is closely related to Luffa. Collinearity analysis of five Cucurbitaceae mitogenomes shows a high degree of structural variability. Interestingly, four genes, namely atp1, ccmFC, ccmFN, and matR, played significant roles in the evolution of T. kirilowii through selection pressure analysis. The comparative analysis of the T. kirilowii mitogenome not only sheds light on its functional and structural features but also provides essential information for genetic studies of the genus of Cucurbitaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichosanthes kirilowii (T. kirilowii) is a valuable plant used for both medicinal and edible purposes. It belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. However, its phylogenetic position and relatives have been difficult to accurately determine due to the lack of mitochondrial genomic information. This limitation has been an obstacle to the potential applications of T. kirilowii in various fields. To address this issue, Illumina and Nanopore HiFi sequencing were used to assemble the mitogenome of T. kirilowii into two circular molecules with sizes of 245,700 bp and 107,049 bp, forming a unique multi-branched structure. The mitogenome contains 61 genes, including 38 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 20 tRNAs, and three rRNAs. Within the 38 PCGs of the T. kirilowii mitochondrial genome, 518 potential RNA editing sites were identified. The study also revealed the presence of 15 homologous fragments that span both the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. The phylogenetic analysis strongly supports that T. kirilowii belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is closely related to Luffa. Collinearity analysis of five Cucurbitaceae mitogenomes shows a high degree of structural variability. Interestingly, four genes, namely atp1, ccmFC, ccmFN, and matR, played significant roles in the evolution of T. kirilowii through selection pressure analysis. The comparative analysis of the T. kirilowii mitogenome not only sheds light on its functional and structural features but also provides essential information for genetic studies of the genus of Cucurbitaceae.

[Display omitted] • Series of multi-branched truxene compounds were synthesized. • A star-shaped truxene-triindole molecule was constructed. • The effect of molecular symmetry for optical properties was investigated. • Molecular conjugation and planarity exhibited important influence for NLO property. Multi-branched π-conjugated organic molecules, due to their fascinating structures and unique optical properties, exhibit potential applications in optoelectronics. Herein, series of 4- N , N -diphenylaminostyryl substituted multi-branched truxene compounds (namely TN1 , TN2 and TN3) and a truxene-triindole compound (namely N3T3) were synthesized. These compounds are characterized by effective π-extension and remarkably enhanced two-photon absorption (TPA) compared to their less π-conjugated analogues. For truxene compounds, the more the number of the branch, the large the TPA efficiency, and the C 3 -symmetric three-branched TN3 exhibit the largest TPA. The aromatic triindole unit proves to be a better two-photon fluorophore compared with truxene. The results conclude that the influence of π-conjugation, molecular planarity and intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) to TPA is far more pronounced than to linear optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Π-conjugated multi-branched molecules were synthesized through the Horner-Emmons reaction using alkyl-substituted, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-based, thiophenyl aldehydes and octaethyl benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrayltetrakis(methylene) tetraphosphonate as the core unit; these molecules have all been fully characterized. The two multi-branched conjugated molecules exhibited excellent solubility in common organic solvents and good selffilm forming properties. The semiconducting properties of these multi-branched molecules were also evaluated in organic field-effect transistors (OFET). With octyltrichlorosilane (OTS) treatment of the surface of the SiO gate insulator, two of the crystalline conjugated molecules, 7 and 8, exhibited carrier mobilities as high as 2.4 (± 0.5)×10 and 1.3 (± 0.5)×10 cmVs, respectively. The mobility enhancement of OFET by light irradiation (λ = 436 nm) supported the promising photo-controlled switching behavior for the drain current of the device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New multi-branched molecules have been synthesized through Horner-Emmons reactions using 10-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl) anthracene-9-carbaldehyde as dendrons and octaethyl benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrayltetrakis(methylene) tetraphosphonate as a reactive core unit; these molecules have been fully characterized. Two anthracene-based star-shaped molecules exhibit good solubility in common organic solvents and good self-film forming properties. The four-armed molecule, 4(TIPS-ant)-benzene is intrinsically crystalline as they exhibit well-defined X-ray diffraction patterns from relatively uniform orientations of molecules. According to the AFM analysis, 4(TIPS-ant)-benzene helps in attaining good network interconnection of the carrier transport channel, which is responsible for the charge carrier mobility in solution-processed organic semiconductors for organic thin film transistor (OTFT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: New multi-branched crystalline molecules were synthesized through Horner(Emmons reactions using hexyl-substituted thiophene-based carbaldehydes as dendrons and [1,2,4,5-tetra-(diethoxy-phosphorylmethyl)-benzyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester as the core unit. 1,2,4,5-Tetrakis((E)-2-(5′-hexyl-2,2′-bithiophen-5-yl)vinyl)benzene (HPBT) and 1,2,4,5-tetrakis((E)-2-(5′-dodecyl-2,2′-bithiophen-5-yl)vinyl)benzene (DPBT) have different alkylene peripheral moities such as the hexyl and dodecyl group. The molecules were employed to fabricate organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). As a result, HPBT-based bulk heterojunction with PCBM exhibited higher short-circuit current density and open circuit voltage, resulting in a higher power conversion efficiency of around 0.944%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel class of conjugated multi-branched molecules bearing N-hexyl substituted carbazoles and phenothiazine as peripheral groups and [2,4,5-Tris-(diethoxyphosphorylmethyl)benzyl]phosphonic acid diethyl ester core has been synthesized through Horner-Emmons reaction in moderate to good yield. 8HCz-Den and 8HPTz-Den molecules have absorption maxima at 349 and 381 nm in solution states and maximum PL intensities were observed at 434 and 506 nm, respectively. They exhibited good self-film forming properties by solution casting and spin coating. In particular, by doping [2,6-bis(2-(5-(dibutylamino)phenyl)vinyl)-4H-pyran-4-ylidene]propanedinitrile, red emission could be achieved through complete Forster energy transfer process from the light harvesting host to the guest molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two kinds of emissive multi-branched molecule based on an ethynyl fluorene were synthesized by cyclotrimerization method. An ethynyl fluorene-labeled three-armed molecule, DBFP was prepared and the other one, CzDBFP has carbazole terminal groups tethered to DBFP. Their absorption and photoluminescent properties were investigated. The spectral analyses indicate that the molecules bearing ethynyl fluorene moieties as a peripheral group can exhibit highly isolated photophysical properties. The multi-branched molecule, CzDBFP was mixed with 2-{2-[2-(4-diethylamino-phenyl)-vinyl]-6-methyl-pyran-4-ylidene}-malononitrile (DCM1) with an optimum concentration. At the low concentration (0.3wt%) of DCM1, white emission was observed by incomplete energy transfer process from an excited CzDBFP. At the high concentration (3.0wt%), red emission was predominantly observed, which was attributed to an efficient Förster energy transfer process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]