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3. Clinical and imaging findings in dogs with nerve root signature associated with cervical intervertebral disc herniation.

Author

Schachar, Jordan, Bocage, Alan, Nelson, Nathan C., Early, Peter J., Mariani, Christopher L., Olby, Natasha J., and Muñana, Karen R.

Subjects
DOG owners, INTERVERTEBRAL disk, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, SPINAL cord diseases, DIAGNOSTIC imaging, HERNIA
Abstract

Background: Intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) is the most common spinal cord disease in dogs. Little information is available regarding the clinical presentation of nerve root signature (NRS) associated with cervical IVDH. Hypothesis/Objective: To detail the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in dogs with NRS associated with cervical IVDH. Animals: Forty‐seven client‐owned dogs presenting with thoracic limb NRS and MRI confirmed IVDH. Methods: Medical records from 2010 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed for dogs that met inclusion criteria. Imaging studies were evaluated by 2 individuals to characterize location and severity of neural tissue compression. Results: Chondrodystrophoid dogs comprised the majority of the study cohort, with dachshund the most common breed (n = 10). Three‐quarters of dogs were ≥7 years of age. Interobserver agreement was moderate or good for all of the imaging variables evaluated. The C6‐C7 intervertebral disc space was significantly overrepresented (P =.01), comprising 32% (15/47) of the affected discs. However, 42% (20/47) of cases involved C2‐C3 though C4‐C5 disc sites. Disc material was more frequently located laterally compared to medially within the vertebral canal (P =.0005), and to be associated with compression of the nerve root at the level of the intervertebral foramen (P =.012). Conclusion/Clinical Importance: NRS is most commonly associated with lateralized or foraminal cervical disc herniations. It is most prevalent with C6‐C7 intervertebral disc involvement, suggesting that there might be unique anatomic factors that contribute to development of NRS at this site, but can be a clinical manifestation of IVDH occurring anywhere along the cervical spine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. ACVIM Consensus Statement on the management of status epilepticus and cluster seizures in dogs and cats.

Author

Charalambous, Marios, Muñana, Karen, Patterson, Edward E., Platt, Simon R., and Volk, Holger A.

Subjects
*STATUS epilepticus, *SEIZURES (Medicine), *DOGS, *EMERGENCY management, *CATS, *EPILEPSY, *CAT diseases
Abstract

Background: Seizure emergencies (ie, status epilepticus [SE] and cluster seizures [CS]), are common challenging disorders with complex pathophysiology, rapidly progressive drug‐resistant and self‐sustaining character, and high morbidity and mortality. Current treatment approaches are characterized by considerable variations, but official guidelines are lacking. Objectives: To establish evidence‐based guidelines and an agreement among board‐certified specialists for the appropriate management of SE and CS in dogs and cats. Animals: None. Materials and Methods: A panel of 5 specialists was formed to assess and summarize evidence in the peer‐reviewed literature with the aim to establish consensus clinical recommendations. Evidence from veterinary pharmacokinetic studies, basic research, and human medicine also was used to support the panel's recommendations, especially for the interventions where veterinary clinical evidence was lacking. Results: The majority of the evidence was on the first‐line management (ie, benzodiazepines and their various administration routes) in both species. Overall, there was less evidence available on the management of emergency seizure disorders in cats in contrast to dogs. Most recommendations made by the panel were supported by a combination of a moderate level of veterinary clinical evidence and pharmacokinetic data as well as studies in humans and basic research studies. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Successful management of seizure emergencies should include an early, rapid, and stage‐based treatment approach consisting of interventions with moderate to preferably high ACVIM recommendations; management of complications and underlying causes related to seizure emergencies should accompany antiseizure medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of atlanto-axial subluxation in 42 dogs: Analysis of joint cavity size, subluxation distance, and craniocervical junction anomalies.

Author

Bray, Kathryn Y., Platt, Simon R., Kent, Marc, Olby, Natasha J., Early, Peter J., Mariani, Christopher L., Muñana, Karen R., and Holmes, Shannon P.

Subjects
MAGNETIC resonance imaging, CRANIOVERTEBRAL junction, DOGS, SUBLUXATION, SPINAL cord compression, SYMPTOMS
Abstract

Background: Atlanto-axial (AA) subluxation can be a complex syndrome in dogs. Accurate identification and assessment of this condition are key to providing treatment and resolution. Aim: The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of AA subluxation and associated neurologic deficits. Methods: A multicenter review of dogs with a diagnosis of AA subluxation was conducted, evaluating signalment, neurologic grade, duration of signs, and MRI characteristics. MRI characteristics included degree of spinal cord compression and joint subluxation, integrity of odontoid ligaments, presence of a dens, spinal cord signal intensity, and presence of syringohydromyelia, hydrocephalus, and Chiari-like malformation. A control population with normal AA joints was also evaluated. MR images of 42 dogs with AA subluxation were compared to 26 age and breed-matched control dogs. Results: Affected dogs had a median age of 27 months and a median weight of 2.7 kg, and the most commonly affected breed was the Yorkshire terrier (47.5%). Spinal cord signal hyperintensity, increased AA joint size, and cross-sectional cord compression at the level of the dens and mid-body C2 were associated with AA subluxation. No associations were found between cord compression, the appearance of the dens, or cord signal intensity and neurologic grade. Affected dogs did not have a higher incidence of Chiari-like malformation, syringohydromyelia, or hydrocephalus than control dogs, and their neurologic grade was not associated with MRI findings. Lack of dens and/or odontoid ligaments was associated with larger subluxations. Conclusion: Dogs with clinical signs of AA subluxation were significantly more likely to have intramedullary hyperintensity at the level of compression (p = 0.0004), an increased AA joint cavity size (p = 0.0005), and increased spinal cord compression at the level of dens and mid-body C2 (p ≤ 0.05). The authors suggest an AA joint cavity size >1.4 mm and a subluxation distance >2.5 mm as cutoffs for MRI diagnosis of AA subluxation in dogs. No differences were noted between dogs with AA subluxation and control dogs regarding syringohydromyelia, hydrocephalus, and Chiari-like malformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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16. Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations in dogs with seizure disorders

Author

Mariani, Christopher L., primary, Nye, Carolyn J., additional, Ruterbories, Laura, additional, Tokarz, Debra A., additional, Green, Lauren, additional, Lau, Jeanie, additional, Zidan, Natalia, additional, Early, Peter J., additional, Muñana, Karen R., additional, Olby, Natasha J., additional, Lee, Chun‐Sheng, additional, and Guevar, Julien, additional

Published
2020
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18. Traumatic skull fractures in dogs and cats: A comparative analysis of neurological and computed tomographic features

Author

Amengual‐Batle, Pablo, primary, José‐López, Roberto, additional, Durand, Alexane, additional, Czopowicz, Michal, additional, Beltran, Elsa, additional, Guevar, Julien, additional, Lazzerini, Kali, additional, De Decker, Steven, additional, Muñana, Karen, additional, Early, Peter, additional, Mariani, Christopher, additional, Olby, Natasha, additional, Petrovitch, Nicholas, additional, and Gutierrez‐Quintana, Rodrigo, additional

Published
2020
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19. Association between anesthesia duration and outcome in dogs with surgically treated acute severe spinal cord injury caused by thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation

Author

Fenn, Joe, primary, Ru, Hongyu, additional, Jeffery, Nick D., additional, Moore, Sarah, additional, Tipold, Andrea, additional, Soebbeler, Franz J., additional, Wang‐Leandro, Adriano, additional, Mariani, Christopher L., additional, Early, Peter J., additional, Muñana, Karen R., additional, and Olby, Natasha J., additional

Published
2020
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26. Continuous rate infusion of midazolam as emergent treatment for seizures in dogs.

Author

Bray, Kathryn Y., Mariani, Christopher L., Early, Peter J., Muñana, Karen R., and Olby, Natasha J.

Subjects
MIDAZOLAM, STATUS epilepticus, SEIZURES (Medicine), VETERINARY hospitals, TEACHING hospitals, DOGS
Abstract

Background: Midazolam delivered by continuous rate infusion (CRI) might be effective in dogs with cluster seizures (CS) or status epilepticus (SE). Objective: To describe the use and safety of midazolam CRI in dogs with CS or SE. Animals One‐hundred six client‐owned dogs presenting to a veterinary teaching hospital with CS or SE. Methods: Retrospective review of medical records for dogs with CS or SE treated with a midazolam CRI. Results: Seventy‐nine dogs presented with CS and 27 dogs had SE. Seizure control was achieved in 82/106 dogs (77.4%) receiving a midazolam CRI. The median dose associated with seizure control was 0.3 mg/kg/h (range, 0.1‐2.5 mg/kg/h). The median duration of CRI was 25 hours (range, 2‐96 hours). Seizures were controlled in 34/40 dogs (85%) with idiopathic epilepsy, 32/43 dogs (74%) with structural epilepsy, 12/16 dogs (75%) with unknown epilepsy, and 4/7 dogs (57%) with reactive seizures (P =.20). Seizure control was achieved in 81% of dogs with CS and 67% in dogs with SE (P =.18). Dogs with idiopathic/unknown epilepsy were more likely to survive than those with structural epilepsy (87% vs 63%, P =.009). Adverse effects were reported in 24 dogs (22.6%) and were mild in all cases. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Midazolam CRI is apparently safe and might be an effective treatment in dogs with CS or SE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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29. Clinical Challenge: Case 2

Author

Bradley, Teresa A., Carpenter, James W., Munana, Karen R., and Douglass, James

Published
1991

30. Epilepsie aktuell - Zusammenfassung der IVETF-Empfehlungen zum 'Therapeutischen Management der kaninen Epilepsie in Europa'

Author

Bhatti, Sofie, De Risio, Luisa, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farquhar, Robyn, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Löscher, Wolfgang, Mandigers, P.J.J., Matiasek, Kaspar, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Ned, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Rusbridge, Clare, Volk, Holger A, Sub Neurologie, dIRAS RA-2, and dIRAS RA-I&I RA

Subjects
Antiepileptika, Hund, epileptischer Anfall, Epilepsie
Abstract

Das therapeutische Management der kaninen Epilepsie muss an die individuellen Bedürfnisse des Hundes und seines Besitzers angepasst werden. 2015 hat die International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force (IVETF) die Konsensempfehlungen „Therapeutisches Management der kaninen Epilepsie in Europa“ veröffentlicht. In diesen Empfehlungen wird eine systematische therapeutische Vorgehensweise bei Hunden mit idiopathischer oder struktureller Epilepsie vorgeschlagen. Das Konsenspapier gibt außerdem einen Überblick über die in Europa zur Anwendung beim Hund zugelassenen Antiepileptika (AE) und empfiehlt Protokolle für die Arzneimitteltherapie. Der Konsensvorschlag basiert auf der aktuellen evidenzbasierten Literatur, berücksichtigt die aktuellen gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen in Europa und gibt die Erfahrungen der Autoren wieder. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird der Inhalt der Konsensusempfehlungen in deutscher Sprache zusammengefasst.

Published
2016

31. Epilepsie aktuell - Zusammenfassung des Konsens papiers des IVETF 'Vorschlag fur die diagnostische Herangehensweise bei Hunden mit Epilepsie'

Author

De Risio, Luisa, Bhatti, Sofie, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farqhuar, Robyn, Fischer, A, Long, Sam, Mandigers, P.J.J., Matiasek, Kaspar, Packer, Rowena M A, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Ned, Platt, Simon, Potschka, Heidrun, Pumarola, Martí Batlle, Rusbridge, Clare, Volk, Holger A, Sub Neurologie, and dCSCA AVR

Subjects
diagnosis, seizure, Dog, epilepsy, idiopathic epilepsy
Abstract

In 2015, the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force (IVETF) published the “Consensus Proposal: Diagnostic Approach to Epilepsy in Dogs“, proposing the basis for a standardized method of diagnostic procedures in patients suffering from seizures. The recommended modus operandi comprises two fundamental steps to clarify if the patient is truly suffering from epilepsy and to determine its underlying cause. The authors suggest a tier system of three confidence levels describing the reliability of the diagnosis “idiopathic epilepsy”. The authors of the consensus proposal emphasize that these recommendations will evolve over time with advances in neuroimaging, electroencephalography, and molecular genetics of canine epilepsy. In this article, the contents of the consensus proposal are summarized in German language.

Published
2016

32. International veterinary epilepsy task force consensus proposal: diagnostic approach to epilepsy in dogs

Author

De Risio, Luisa, Bhatti, Sofie, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farqhuar, Robyn, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Mandigers, Paul J J, Matiasek, Kaspar, Packer, Rowena M A, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Ned, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Batlle, Martí Pumarola, Rusbridge, Clare, Volk, Holger A, Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, and Applied Veterinary Research

Subjects
Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary medicine, Internationality, Urinalysis, Neurological examination, Status epilepticus, Electroencephalography, INHERITANCE, PLEOCYTOSIS, CLASSIFICATION, Epilepsy, SYMPTOMATIC EPILEPSY, Dogs, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, Neuroimaging, Correspondence, Diagnosis, Dog, medicine, Animals, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Veterinary Sciences, Dog Diseases, General Veterinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, STATUS EPILEPTICUS, HEAD TREMOR, Idiopathic epilepsy, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, medicine.disease, veterinary(all), Seizure, CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID ANALYSIS, Practice Guidelines as Topic, SEIZURES, Epileptic seizure, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

This article outlines the consensus proposal on diagnosis of epilepsy in dogs by the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force. The aim of this consensus proposal is to improve consistency in the diagnosis of epilepsy in the clinical and research settings. The diagnostic approach to the patient presenting with a history of suspected epileptic seizures incorporates two fundamental steps: to establish if the events the animal is demonstrating truly represent epileptic seizures and if so, to identify their underlying cause. Differentiation of epileptic seizures from other non-epileptic episodic paroxysmal events can be challenging. Criteria that can be used to make this differentiation are presented in detail and discussed. Criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy (IE) are described in a three-tier system. Tier I confidence level for the diagnosis of IE is based on a history of two or more unprovoked epileptic seizures occurring at least 24 h apart, age at epileptic seizure onset of between six months and six years, unremarkable inter-ictal physical and neurological examination, and no significant abnormalities on minimum data base blood tests and urinalysis. Tier II confidence level for the diagnosis of IE is based on the factors listed in tier I and unremarkable fasting and post-prandial bile acids, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain (based on an epilepsy-specific brain MRI protocol) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Tier III confidence level for the diagnosis of IE is based on the factors listed in tier I and II and identification of electroencephalographic abnormalities characteristic for seizure disorders. The authors recommend performing MRI of the brain and routine CSF analysis, after exclusion of reactive seizures, in dogs with age at epileptic seizure onset 6 years, inter-ictal neurological abnormalities consistent with intracranial neurolocalisation, status epilepticus or cluster seizure at epileptic seizure onset, or a previous presumptive diagnosis of IE and drug-resistance with a single antiepileptic drug titrated to the highest tolerable dose. This consensus article represents the basis for a more standardised diagnostic approach to the seizure patient. These recommendations will evolve over time with advances in neuroimaging, electroencephalography, and molecular genetics of canine epilepsy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0462-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2015

34. International veterinary epilepsy task force consensus report on epilepsy definition, classification and terminology in companion animals

Author

Berendt, Mette, Farquhar, Robyn G, Mandigers, Paul J J, Pakozdy, Akos, Bhatti, Sofie F M, De Risio, Luisa, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Matiasek, Kaspar, Muñana, Karen, Patterson, Edward E, Penderis, Jacques, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Pumarola, Martí Batlle, Rusbridge, Clare, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Volk, Holger A, Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, and Applied Veterinary Research

Subjects
Veterinary Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Veterinary medicine, Internationality, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC FINDINGS, LONG-TERM, First line, MEDLINE, CANINE EPILEPSY, INHERITANCE, Terminology, Semiology, Epilepsy, Dogs, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, IDIOPATHIC EPILEPSY, SEIZURE CLASSIFICATION, Seizures, Terminology as Topic, Correspondence, medicine, Dog, Animals, Veterinary Sciences, Dog Diseases, General Veterinary, business.industry, Task force, LABRADOR RETRIEVERS, General Medicine, Pets, medicine.disease, Classification, veterinary(all), RISK-FACTORS, SHEPHERD DOGS, business, International league against epilepsy
Abstract

Dogs with epilepsy are among the commonest neurological patients in veterinary practice and therefore have historically attracted much attention with regard to definitions, clinical approach and management. A number of classification proposals for canine epilepsy have been published during the years reflecting always in parts the current proposals coming from the human epilepsy organisation the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). It has however not been possible to gain agreed consensus, “a common language”, for the classification and terminology used between veterinary and human neurologists and neuroscientists, practitioners, neuropharmacologists and neuropathologists. This has led to an unfortunate situation where different veterinary publications and textbook chapters on epilepsy merely reflect individual author preferences with respect to terminology, which can be confusing to the readers and influence the definition and diagnosis of epilepsy in first line practice and research studies.\ud \ud In this document the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force (IVETF) discusses current understanding of canine epilepsy and presents our 2015 proposal for terminology and classification of epilepsy and epileptic seizures. We propose a classification system which reflects new thoughts from the human ILAE but also roots in former well accepted terminology. We think that this classification system can be used by all stakeholders.

Published
2015

35. International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force consensus proposal: medical treatment of canine epilepsy in Europe

Author

Bhatti, Sofie F M, De Risio, Luisa, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farquhar, Robyn G, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Löscher, Wolfgang, Mandigers, Paul J J, Matiasek, Kaspar, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Edward E, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Rusbridge, Clare, Volk, Holger A, Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, and Applied Veterinary Research

Subjects
Drug, Veterinary Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Veterinary medicine, Veterinary Drugs, Internationality, ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS, LONG-TERM, media_common.quotation_subject, MEDLINE, Alternative medicine, POTASSIUM-BROMIDE, Epilepsy, ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUG-THERAPY, Dogs, Correspondence, REFRACTORY IDIOPATHIC EPILEPSY, medicine, Dog, Animals, Dog Diseases, Veterinary Sciences, Medical prescription, media_common, General Veterinary, Medical treatment, business.industry, LABRADOR RETRIEVERS, General Medicine, medicine.disease, veterinary(all), Europe, Treatment, THYROID-FUNCTION, BORDER COLLIES, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Epileptic seizure, ZONISAMIDE THERAPY, RISK-FACTORS, Anticonvulsants, Thyroid function, business
Abstract

In Europe, the number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) licensed for dogs has grown considerably over the last years. Nevertheless, the same questions remain, which include, 1) when to start treatment, 2) which drug is best used initially, 3) which adjunctive AED can be advised if treatment with the initial drug is unsatisfactory, and 4) when treatment changes should be considered. In this consensus proposal, an overview is given on the aim of AED treatment, when to start long-term treatment in canine epilepsy and which veterinary AEDs are currently in use for dogs. The consensus proposal for drug treatment protocols, 1) is based on current published evidence-based literature, 2) considers the current legal framework of the cascade regulation for the prescription of veterinary drugs in Europe, and 3) reflects the authors' experience. With this paper it is aimed to provide a consensus for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Furthermore, for the management of structural epilepsy AEDs are inevitable in addition to treating the underlying cause, if possible.

Published
2015

36. Epilepsie aktuell - Zusammenfassung der IVETF-Empfehlungen zum 'Therapeutischen Management der kaninen Epilepsie in Europa'

Author

Sub Neurologie, dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Bhatti, Sofie, De Risio, Luisa, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farquhar, Robyn, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Löscher, Wolfgang, Mandigers, P.J.J., Matiasek, Kaspar, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Ned, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Rusbridge, Clare, Volk, Holger A, Sub Neurologie, dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Bhatti, Sofie, De Risio, Luisa, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farquhar, Robyn, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Löscher, Wolfgang, Mandigers, P.J.J., Matiasek, Kaspar, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Ned, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Rusbridge, Clare, and Volk, Holger A

Published
2016

37. Epilepsie aktuell - Zusammenfassung des Konsens papiers des IVETF 'Vorschlag fur die diagnostische Herangehensweise bei Hunden mit Epilepsie'

Author

Sub Neurologie, dCSCA AVR, De Risio, Luisa, Bhatti, Sofie, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farqhuar, Robyn, Fischer, A, Long, Sam, Mandigers, P.J.J., Matiasek, Kaspar, Packer, Rowena M A, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Ned, Platt, Simon, Potschka, Heidrun, Pumarola, Martí Batlle, Rusbridge, Clare, Volk, Holger A, Sub Neurologie, dCSCA AVR, De Risio, Luisa, Bhatti, Sofie, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farqhuar, Robyn, Fischer, A, Long, Sam, Mandigers, P.J.J., Matiasek, Kaspar, Packer, Rowena M A, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Ned, Platt, Simon, Potschka, Heidrun, Pumarola, Martí Batlle, Rusbridge, Clare, and Volk, Holger A

Published
2016

38. Epilepsie aktuell - Zusammenfassung der IVETF-Empfehlungen zum 'Therapeutischen Management der kaninen Epilepsie in Europa'

Author

dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Sub Neurologie, Bhatti, Sofie, De Risio, Luisa, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farquhar, Robyn, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Löscher, Wolfgang, Mandigers, P.J.J., Matiasek, Kaspar, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Ned, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Rusbridge, Clare, Volk, Holger A, dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Sub Neurologie, Bhatti, Sofie, De Risio, Luisa, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farquhar, Robyn, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Löscher, Wolfgang, Mandigers, P.J.J., Matiasek, Kaspar, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Ned, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Rusbridge, Clare, and Volk, Holger A

Published
2016

39. International veterinary epilepsy task force consensus report on epilepsy definition, classification and terminology in companion animals

Author

Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, Berendt, Mette, Farquhar, Robyn G, Mandigers, Paul J J, Pakozdy, Akos, Bhatti, Sofie F M, De Risio, Luisa, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Matiasek, Kaspar, Muñana, Karen, Patterson, Edward E, Penderis, Jacques, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Pumarola, Martí Batlle, Rusbridge, Clare, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Volk, Holger A, Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, Berendt, Mette, Farquhar, Robyn G, Mandigers, Paul J J, Pakozdy, Akos, Bhatti, Sofie F M, De Risio, Luisa, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Matiasek, Kaspar, Muñana, Karen, Patterson, Edward E, Penderis, Jacques, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Pumarola, Martí Batlle, Rusbridge, Clare, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, and Volk, Holger A

Published
2015

40. International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force consensus proposal: medical treatment of canine epilepsy in Europe

Author

Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, Bhatti, Sofie F M, De Risio, Luisa, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farquhar, Robyn G, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Löscher, Wolfgang, Mandigers, Paul J J, Matiasek, Kaspar, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Edward E, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Rusbridge, Clare, Volk, Holger A, Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, Bhatti, Sofie F M, De Risio, Luisa, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farquhar, Robyn G, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Löscher, Wolfgang, Mandigers, Paul J J, Matiasek, Kaspar, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Edward E, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Rusbridge, Clare, and Volk, Holger A

Published
2015

41. International veterinary epilepsy task force consensus proposal: diagnostic approach to epilepsy in dogs

Author

Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, De Risio, Luisa, Bhatti, Sofie, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farqhuar, Robyn, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Mandigers, Paul J J, Matiasek, Kaspar, Packer, Rowena M A, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Ned, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Batlle, Martí Pumarola, Rusbridge, Clare, Volk, Holger A, Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, De Risio, Luisa, Bhatti, Sofie, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farqhuar, Robyn, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Mandigers, Paul J J, Matiasek, Kaspar, Packer, Rowena M A, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Ned, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Batlle, Martí Pumarola, Rusbridge, Clare, and Volk, Holger A

Published
2015

42. International veterinary epilepsy task force consensus proposal: outcome of therapeutic interventions in canine and feline epilepsy

Author

Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, Potschka, Heidrun, Fischer, Andrea, Löscher, Wolfgang, Patterson, Ned, Bhatti, Sofie, Berendt, Mette, De Risio, Luisa, Farquhar, Robyn, Long, Sam, Mandigers, Paul, Matiasek, Kaspar, Muñana, Karen, Pakozdy, Akos, Penderis, Jacques, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Rusbridge, Clare, Stein, Veronika, Tipold, Andrea, Volk, Holger A, Sub Neurologie, CSCA AVM, Applied Veterinary Research, Potschka, Heidrun, Fischer, Andrea, Löscher, Wolfgang, Patterson, Ned, Bhatti, Sofie, Berendt, Mette, De Risio, Luisa, Farquhar, Robyn, Long, Sam, Mandigers, Paul, Matiasek, Kaspar, Muñana, Karen, Pakozdy, Akos, Penderis, Jacques, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Rusbridge, Clare, Stein, Veronika, Tipold, Andrea, and Volk, Holger A

Published
2015

43. International veterinary epilepsy task force recommendations for systematic sampling and processing of brains from epileptic dogs and cats

Author

Matiasek, Kaspar, Pumarola I Batlle, Martí, Rosati, Marco, Fernández-Flores, Francisco, Fischer, Andrea, Wagner, Eva, Berendt, Mette, Bhatti, Sofie F M, De Risio, Luisa, Farquhar, Robyn G, Long, Sam, Muñana, Karen, Patterson, Edward E, Pakozdy, Akos, Penderis, Jacques, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Rusbridge, Clare, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Volk, Holger A, Matiasek, Kaspar, Pumarola I Batlle, Martí, Rosati, Marco, Fernández-Flores, Francisco, Fischer, Andrea, Wagner, Eva, Berendt, Mette, Bhatti, Sofie F M, De Risio, Luisa, Farquhar, Robyn G, Long, Sam, Muñana, Karen, Patterson, Edward E, Pakozdy, Akos, Penderis, Jacques, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Rusbridge, Clare, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, and Volk, Holger A

Abstract

Traditionally, histological investigations of the epileptic brain are required to identify epileptogenic brain lesions, to evaluate the impact of seizure activity, to search for mechanisms of drug-resistance and to look for comorbidities. For many instances, however, neuropathological studies fail to add substantial data on patients with complete clinical work-up. This may be due to sparse training in epilepsy pathology and or due to lack of neuropathological guidelines for companion animals.The protocols introduced herein shall facilitate systematic sampling and processing of epileptic brains and therefore increase the efficacy, reliability and reproducibility of morphological studies in animals suffering from seizures.Brain dissection protocols of two neuropathological centres with research focus in epilepsy have been optimised with regards to their diagnostic yield and accuracy, their practicability and their feasibility concerning clinical research requirements.The recommended guidelines allow for easy, standardised and ubiquitous collection of brain regions, relevant for seizure generation. Tissues harvested the prescribed way will increase the diagnostic efficacy and provide reliable material for scientific investigations.

Published
2015

44. International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force consensus proposal:medical treatment of canine epilepsy in Europe

Author

Bhatti, Sofie F M, De Risio, Luisa, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farquhar, Robyn G, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Löscher, Wolfgang, Mandigers, Paul J J, Matiasek, Kaspar, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Edward E, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Rusbridge, Clare, Volk, Holger A, Bhatti, Sofie F M, De Risio, Luisa, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farquhar, Robyn G, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Löscher, Wolfgang, Mandigers, Paul J J, Matiasek, Kaspar, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Edward E, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Rusbridge, Clare, and Volk, Holger A

Abstract

In Europe, the number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) licensed for dogs has grown considerably over the last years. Nevertheless, the same questions remain, which include, 1) when to start treatment, 2) which drug is best used initially, 3) which adjunctive AED can be advised if treatment with the initial drug is unsatisfactory, and 4) when treatment changes should be considered. In this consensus proposal, an overview is given on the aim of AED treatment, when to start long-term treatment in canine epilepsy and which veterinary AEDs are currently in use for dogs. The consensus proposal for drug treatment protocols, 1) is based on current published evidence-based literature, 2) considers the current legal framework of the cascade regulation for the prescription of veterinary drugs in Europe, and 3) reflects the authors' experience. With this paper it is aimed to provide a consensus for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Furthermore, for the management of structural epilepsy AEDs are inevitable in addition to treating the underlying cause, if possible.

Published
2015

45. International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force recommendations for a veterinary epilepsy-specific MRI protocol

Author

Rusbridge, Clare, Long, Sam, Jovanovik, Jelena, Milne, Marjorie, Berendt, Mette, Bhatti, Sofie F M, De Risio, Luisa, Farqhuar, Robyn G, Fischer, Andrea, Matiasek, Kaspar, Muñana, Karen, Patterson, Edward E, Pakozdy, Akos, Penderis, Jacques, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, Volk, Holger A, Rusbridge, Clare, Long, Sam, Jovanovik, Jelena, Milne, Marjorie, Berendt, Mette, Bhatti, Sofie F M, De Risio, Luisa, Farqhuar, Robyn G, Fischer, Andrea, Matiasek, Kaspar, Muñana, Karen, Patterson, Edward E, Pakozdy, Akos, Penderis, Jacques, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Stein, Veronika M, Tipold, Andrea, and Volk, Holger A

Abstract

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases in veterinary practice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is regarded as an important diagnostic test to reach the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy. However, given that the diagnosis requires the exclusion of other differentials for seizures, the parameters for MRI examination should allow the detection of subtle lesions which may not be obvious with existing techniques. In addition, there are several differentials for idiopathic epilepsy in humans, for example some focal cortical dysplasias, which may only apparent with special sequences, imaging planes and/or particular techniques used in performing the MRI scan. As a result, there is a need to standardize MRI examination in veterinary patients with techniques that reliably diagnose subtle lesions, identify post-seizure changes, and which will allow for future identification of underlying causes of seizures not yet apparent in the veterinary literature.There is a need for a standardized veterinary epilepsy-specific MRI protocol which will facilitate more detailed examination of areas susceptible to generating and perpetuating seizures, is cost efficient, simple to perform and can be adapted for both low and high field scanners. Standardisation of imaging will improve clinical communication and uniformity of case definition between research studies. A 6-7 sequence epilepsy-specific MRI protocol for veterinary patients is proposed and further advanced MR and functional imaging is reviewed.

Published
2015

46. International veterinary epilepsy task force consensus proposal:outcome of therapeutic interventions in canine and feline epilepsy

Author

Potschka, Heidrun, Fischer, Andrea, Löscher, Wolfgang, Patterson, Ned, Bhatti, Sofie, Berendt, Mette, De Risio, Luisa, Farquhar, Robyn, Long, Sam, Mandigers, Paul, Matiasek, Kaspar, Muñana, Karen, Pakozdy, Akos, Penderis, Jacques, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Rusbridge, Clare, Stein, Veronika, Tipold, Andrea, Volk, Holger A, Potschka, Heidrun, Fischer, Andrea, Löscher, Wolfgang, Patterson, Ned, Bhatti, Sofie, Berendt, Mette, De Risio, Luisa, Farquhar, Robyn, Long, Sam, Mandigers, Paul, Matiasek, Kaspar, Muñana, Karen, Pakozdy, Akos, Penderis, Jacques, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Rusbridge, Clare, Stein, Veronika, Tipold, Andrea, and Volk, Holger A

Abstract

Common criteria for the diagnosis of drug resistance and the assessment of outcome are needed urgently as a prerequisite for standardized evaluation and reporting of individual therapeutic responses in canine epilepsy. Thus, we provide a proposal for the definition of drug resistance and partial therapeutic success in canine patients with epilepsy. This consensus statement also suggests a list of factors and aspects of outcome, which should be considered in addition to the impact on seizures. Moreover, these expert recommendations discuss criteria which determine the validity and informative value of a therapeutic trial in an individual patient and also suggest the application of individual outcome criteria. Agreement on common guidelines does not only render a basis for future optimization of individual patient management, but is also a presupposition for the design and implementation of clinical studies with highly standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respective standardization will improve the comparability of findings from different studies and renders an improved basis for multicenter studies. Therefore, this proposal provides an in-depth discussion of the implications of outcome criteria for clinical studies. In particular ethical aspects and the different options for study design and application of individual patient-centered outcome criteria are considered.

Published
2015

47. International veterinary epilepsy task force consensus proposal:diagnostic approach to epilepsy in dogs

Author

De Risio, Luisa, Bhatti, Sofie, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farqhuar, Robyn, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Mandigers, Paul J J, Matiasek, Kaspar, Packer, Rowena M A, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Ned, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Batlle, Martí Pumarola, Rusbridge, Clare, Volk, Holger A, De Risio, Luisa, Bhatti, Sofie, Muñana, Karen, Penderis, Jacques, Stein, Veronika, Tipold, Andrea, Berendt, Mette, Farqhuar, Robyn, Fischer, Andrea, Long, Sam, Mandigers, Paul J J, Matiasek, Kaspar, Packer, Rowena M A, Pakozdy, Akos, Patterson, Ned, Platt, Simon, Podell, Michael, Potschka, Heidrun, Batlle, Martí Pumarola, Rusbridge, Clare, and Volk, Holger A

Abstract

This article outlines the consensus proposal on diagnosis of epilepsy in dogs by the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force. The aim of this consensus proposal is to improve consistency in the diagnosis of epilepsy in the clinical and research settings. The diagnostic approach to the patient presenting with a history of suspected epileptic seizures incorporates two fundamental steps: to establish if the events the animal is demonstrating truly represent epileptic seizures and if so, to identify their underlying cause. Differentiation of epileptic seizures from other non-epileptic episodic paroxysmal events can be challenging. Criteria that can be used to make this differentiation are presented in detail and discussed. Criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy (IE) are described in a three-tier system. Tier I confidence level for the diagnosis of IE is based on a history of two or more unprovoked epileptic seizures occurring at least 24 h apart, age at epileptic seizure onset of between six months and six years, unremarkable inter-ictal physical and neurological examination, and no significant abnormalities on minimum data base blood tests and urinalysis. Tier II confidence level for the diagnosis of IE is based on the factors listed in tier I and unremarkable fasting and post-prandial bile acids, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain (based on an epilepsy-specific brain MRI protocol) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Tier III confidence level for the diagnosis of IE is based on the factors listed in tier I and II and identification of electroencephalographic abnormalities characteristic for seizure disorders. The authors recommend performing MRI of the brain and routine CSF analysis, after exclusion of reactive seizures, in dogs with age at epileptic seizure onset <6 months or >6 years, inter-ictal neurological abnormalities consistent with intracranial neurolocalisation, status epilepticus or cluster seizure at epileptic seizure

Published
2015

48. International veterinary epilepsy task force consensus proposal: outcome of therapeutic interventions in canine and feline epilepsy

Author

Potschka, Heidrun, primary, Fischer, Andrea, additional, Löscher, Wolfgang, additional, Patterson, Ned, additional, Bhatti, Sofie, additional, Berendt, Mette, additional, De Risio, Luisa, additional, Farquhar, Robyn, additional, Long, Sam, additional, Mandigers, Paul, additional, Matiasek, Kaspar, additional, Muñana, Karen, additional, Pakozdy, Akos, additional, Penderis, Jacques, additional, Platt, Simon, additional, Podell, Michael, additional, Rusbridge, Clare, additional, Stein, Veronika, additional, Tipold, Andrea, additional, and Volk, Holger A, additional

Published
2015
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49. International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force recommendations for a veterinary epilepsy-specific MRI protocol

Author

Rusbridge, Clare, primary, Long, Sam, additional, Jovanovik, Jelena, additional, Milne, Marjorie, additional, Berendt, Mette, additional, Bhatti, Sofie F. M., additional, De Risio, Luisa, additional, Farqhuar, Robyn G., additional, Fischer, Andrea, additional, Matiasek, Kaspar, additional, Muñana, Karen, additional, Patterson, Edward E., additional, Pakozdy, Akos, additional, Penderis, Jacques, additional, Platt, Simon, additional, Podell, Michael, additional, Potschka, Heidrun, additional, Stein, Veronika M., additional, Tipold, Andrea, additional, and Volk, Holger A., additional

Published
2015
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50. International veterinary epilepsy task force recommendations for systematic sampling and processing of brains from epileptic dogs and cats

Author

Matiasek, Kaspar, primary, Pumarola i Batlle, Martí, additional, Rosati, Marco, additional, Fernández-Flores, Francisco, additional, Fischer, Andrea, additional, Wagner, Eva, additional, Berendt, Mette, additional, Bhatti, Sofie F. M., additional, De Risio, Luisa, additional, Farquhar, Robyn G., additional, Long, Sam, additional, Muñana, Karen, additional, Patterson, Edward E., additional, Pakozdy, Akos, additional, Penderis, Jacques, additional, Platt, Simon, additional, Podell, Michael, additional, Potschka, Heidrun, additional, Rusbridge, Clare, additional, Stein, Veronika M., additional, Tipold, Andrea, additional, and Volk, Holger A., additional

Published
2015
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