7 results on '"Munachoonga P"'
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2. Abstracts of the Eighth EDCTP Forum, 6-9 November 2016.
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Makanga, M, Beattie, P, Breugelmans, G, Nyirenda, T, Bockarie, M, Tanner, M, Volmink, J, Hankins, C, Walzl, G, Chegou, N, Malherbe, S, Hatherill, M, Scriba, TJ, Zak, DE, Barry, CE, Kaufmann, SHE, Noor, A, Strub-Wourgaft, N, Phillips, P, Munguambe, K, Ravinetto, R, Tinto, H, Diro, E, Mahendrahata, Y, Okebe, J, Rijal, S, Garcia, C, Sundar, S, Ndayisaba, G, Sopheak, T, Ngoduc, T, Van Loen, H, Jacobs, J, D'Alessandro, U, Boelaert, M, Buvé, A, Kamalo, P, Manda-Taylor, L, Rennie, S, Mokgatla, B, Bahati, Ijsselmuiden, C, Afolabi, M, Mcgrath, N, Kampmann, B, Imoukhuede, E, Alexander, N, Larson, H, Chandramohan, D, Bojang, K, Kasaro, MP, Muluka, B, Kaunda, K, Morse, J, Westfall, A, Kapata, N, Kruuner, A, Henostroza, G, Reid, S, Alabi, A, Foguim, F, Sankarganesh, J, Bruske, E, Mfoumbi, A, Mevyann, C, Adegnika, A, Lell, B, Kranzer, K, Kremsner, P, Grobusch, M, Sabiiti, W, Ntinginya, N, Kuchaka, D, Azam, K, Kampira, E, Mtafya, B, Bowness, R, Bhatt, N, Davies, G, Kibiki, G, Gillespie, S, Lejon, V, Ilboudo, H, Mumba, D, Camara, M, Kaba, D, Lumbala, C, Fèvre, E, Jamonneau, V, Bucheton, B, Büscher, P, Chisenga, C, Sinkala, E, Chilengi, R, Chitundu, H, Zyambo, Z, Wandeler, G, Vinikoor, M, Emilie, D, Camara, O, Mathurin, K, Guiguigbaza-Kossigan, D, Philippe, B, Regassa, F, Hassane, S, Bienvenu, SM, Fabrice, C, Ouédraogo, E, Kouakou, L, Owusu, M, Mensah, E, Enimil, A, Mutocheluh, M, Ndongo, FA, Tejiokem, MC, Texier, G, Penda, C, Ndiang, S, Ndongo, J-A, Guemkam, G, Sofeu, CL, Afumbom, K, Faye, A, Msellati, P, Warszawski, J, Vos, A, Devillé, W, Barth, R, Klipstein-Grobusch, K, Tempelman, H, Venter, F, Coutinho, R, Grobbee, D, Ssemwanga, D, Lyagoba, F, Magambo, B, Kapaata, A, Kirangwa, J, Nannyonjo, M, Nassolo, F, Nsubuga, R, Yebra, G, Brown, A, Kaleebu, P, Nylén, H, Habtewold, A, Makonnen, E, Yimer, G, Burhenne, J, Diczfalusy, U, Aklillu, E, Steele, D, Walker, R, Simuyandi, M, Beres, L, Bosomprah, S, Ansumana, R, Taitt, C, Lamin, JM, Jacobsen, KH, Mulvaney, SP, Leski, T, Bangura, U, Stenger, D, De Vries, S, Zinsou, FJ, Honkpehedji, J, Dejon, JC, Loembe, MM, Bache, B, Pakker, N, Van Leeuwen, R, Hounkpatin, AB, Yazdanbakhsh, M, Bethony, J, Hotez, P, Diemert, D, Bache, BE, Fernandes, JF, Obiang, RM, Kabwende, AL, Grobusch, MP, Krishna, S, Kremsner, PG, Todagbe, AS, Nambozi, M, Kabuya, J-B, Hachizovu, S, Mwakazanga, D, Kasongo, W, Buyze, J, Mulenga, M, Geertruyden, J-P, Gitaka, J, Chan, C, Kongere, J, Kagaya, W, Kaneko, A, Kabore, N, Barry, N, Kabre, Z, Werme, K, Fofana, A, Compaore, D, Nikiema, F, Some, F, Djimde, A, Zongo, I, Ouedraogo, B, Kone, A, Sagara, I, Björkman, A, Gil, JP, Nchinda, G, Bopda, A, Nji, N, Ambada, G, Ngu, L, Tchadji, J, Sake, C, Magagoum, S, Njambe, GD, Lisom, A, Park, CG, Tait, D, Sibusiso, H, Manda, O, Croucher, K, Van Der Westhuizen, A, Mshanga, I, Levin, J, Nanvubya, A, Kibengo, F, Jaoko, W, Pala, P, Perreau, M, Namuniina, A, Kitandwe, P, Tapia, G, Serwanga, J, Yates, N, Fast, P, Mayer, B, Montefiori, D, Tomaras, G, Robb, M, Lee, C, Wagner, R, Sanders, E, Kilembe, W, Kiwanuka, N, Gilmour, J, Kuipers, H, Vooij, D, Chinyenze, K, Priddy, F, Ding, S, Hanke, T, Pantaleo, G, Ngasala, B, Jovel, I, Malmberg, M, Mmbando, B, Premji, Z, Mårtensson, A, Mwaiswelo, R, Agbor, L, Apinjoh, T, Mwanza, S, Chileshe, J, Joshi, S, Malunga, P, Manyando, C, Laufer, M, Dara, A, Niangaly, A, Sinha, I, Brodin, D, Fofana, B, Dama, S, Dembele, D, Sidibe, B, Diallo, N, Thera, M, Wright, K, Gil, J, Doumbo, O, Baraka, V, Nabasumba, C, Francis, F, Lutumba, P, Mavoko, H, Alifrangis, M, Van Geertruyden, J-P, Sissoko, S, Sangaré, C, Toure, S, Sanogo, K, Diakite, H, Doumbia, D, Haidara, K, Julé, A, Ashurst, H, Merson, L, Olliaro, P, Marsh, V, Lang, T, Guérin, P, Awuondo, K, Njenga, D, Nyakarungu, E, Titus, P, Sutamihardja, A, Lowe, B, Ogutu, B, Billingsley, P, Soulama, I, Kaboré, M, Coulibaly, A, Ouattara, M, Sanon, S, Diarra, A, Bougouma, E, Ouedraogo, A, Sombie, B, Kargougou, D, Ouattara, D, Issa, N, Tiono, A, Sirima, S, Chaponda, M, Dabira, E, Dao, F, Dara, N, Coulibaly, M, Tolo, A, Maiga, H, Ouologuem, N, Niangaly, H, Botchway, F, Wilson, N, Dickinson-Copeland, CM, Adjei, AA, Wilson, M, Stiles, JK, Hamid, MA, Awad-Elgeid, M, Nasr, A, Netongo, P, Kamdem, S, Velavan, T, Lasry, E, Diarra, M, Bamadio, A, Traore, A, Coumare, S, Soma, B, Dicko, Y, Sangare, B, Tembely, A, Traore, D, Haidara, A, Dicko, A, Diawara, E, Beavogui, A, Camara, D, Sylla, M, Yattara, M, Sow, A, Camara, GC, Diallo, S, Mombo-Ngoma, G, Remppis, J, Sievers, M, Manego, RZ, Endamne, L, Hutchinson, D, Held, J, Supan, C, Salazar, CLO, Bonkian, LN, Nahum, A, Sié, A, Abdulla, S, Cantalloube, C, Djeriou, E, Bouyou-Akotet, M, Mordmüller, B, Siribie, M, Sirima, SB, Ouattara, SM, Coulibaly, S, Kabore, JM, Amidou, D, Tekete, M, Traore, O, Haefeli, W, Borrmann, S, Kaboré, N, Kabré, Z, Nikèma, F, Compaoré, D, Somé, F, Djimdé, A, Ouédraogo, J, Chalwe, V, Miller, J, Diakité, H, Greco, B, Spangenberg, T, Kourany-Lefoll, E, Oeuvray, C, Mulry, J, Tyagarajan, K, Magsaam, B, Barnes, K, Hodel, EM, Humphreys, G, Pace, C, Banda, CG, Denti, P, Allen, E, Lalloo, D, Mwapasa, V, Terlouw, A, Mwesigwa, J, Achan, J, Jawara, M, Ditanna, G, Worwui, A, Affara, M, Koukouikila-Koussounda, F, Kombo, M, Vouvoungui, C, Ntoumi, F, Etoka-Beka, MK, Deibert, J, Poulain, P, Kobawila, S, Gueye, NG, Seda, B, Kwambai, T, Jangu, P, Samuels, A, Kuile, FT, Kariuki, S, Barry, A, Bousema, T, Okech, B, Egwang, T, Corran, P, Riley, E, Ezennia, I, Ekwunife, O, Muleba, M, Stevenson, J, Mbata, K, Coetzee, M, Norris, D, Moneke-Anyanwoke, N, Momodou, J, Clarke, E, Scott, S, Tijani, A, Djimde, M, Vaillant, M, Samouda, H, Mensah, V, Roetynck, S, Kanteh, E, Bowyer, G, Ndaw, A, Oko, F, Bliss, C, Jagne, YJ, Cortese, R, Nicosia, A, Roberts, R, D'Alessio, F, Leroy, O, Faye, B, Cisse, B, Gerry, S, Viebig, N, Lawrie, A, Ewer, K, Hill, A, Nebie, I, Tiono, AB, Sanou, G, Konate, AT, Yaro, BJ, Sodiomon, S, Honkpehedji, Y, Agobe, JCD, Zinsou, F, Mengue, J, Richie, T, Hoffman, S, Nouatin, O, Ngoa, UA, Edoa, JR, Homoet, A, Engelhon, JE, Massinga-Louembe, M, Esen, M, Theisen, M, Sim, KL, Luty, AJ, Moutairou, K, Dinko, B, King, E, Targett, G, Sutherland, C, Likhovole, C, Ouma, C, Vulule, J, Musau, S, Khayumbi, J, Okumu, A, Murithi, W, Otu, J, Gehre, F, Zingue, D, Kudzawu, S, Forson, A, Mane, M, Rabna, P, Diarra, B, Kayede, S, Adebiyi, E, Kehinde, A, Onyejepu, N, Onubogu, C, Idigbe, E, Ba, A, Diallo, A, Mboup, S, Disse, K, Kadanga, G, Dagnra, Y, Baldeh, I, Corrah, T, De Jong, B, Antonio, M, Musanabaganwa, C, Musabyimana, JP, Karita, E, Diop, B, Nambajimana, A, Dushimiyimana, V, Karame, P, Russell, J, Ndoli, J, Hategekimana, T, Sendegeya, A, Condo, J, Binagwaho, A, Okonko, I, Okerentugba, P, Opaleye, O, Awujo, E, Frank-Peterside, N, Moyo, S, Kotokwe, K, Mohammed, T, Boleo, C, Mupfumi, L, Chishala, S, Gaseitsiwe, S, Tsalaile, L, Bussmann, H, Makhema, J, Baum, M, Marlink, R, Engelbretch, S, Essex, M, Novitsky, V, Saka, E, Kalipalire, Z, Bhairavabhotla, R, Midiani, D, Sherman, J, Mgode, G, Cox, C, Bwana, D, Mtui, L, Magesa, D, Kahwa, A, Mfinanga, G, Mulder, C, Borain, N, Petersen, L, Du Plessis, J, Theron, G, Holm-Hansen, C, Tekwu, EM, Sidze, LK, Assam, JPA, Eyangoh, S, Niemann, S, Beng, VP, Frank, M, Atiadeve, S, Hilmann, D, Awoniyi, D, Baumann, R, Kriel, B, Jacobs, R, Kidd, M, Loxton, A, Kaempfer, S, Singh, M, Mwanza, W, Milimo, D, Moyo, M, Kasese, N, Cheeba-Lengwe, M, Munkondya, S, Ayles, H, De Haas, P, Muyoyeta, M, Namuganga, AR, Kizza, HM, Mendy, A, Tientcheu, L, Ayorinde, A, Coker, E, Egere, U, Coussens, A, Naude, C, Chaplin, G, Noursadeghi, M, Martineau, A, Jablonski, N, Wilkinson, R, Ouedraogo, HG, Matteelli, A, Regazzi, M, Tarnagda, G, Villani, P, Sulis, G, Diagbouga, S, Roggi, A, Giorgetti, F, Kouanda, S, Bidias, A, Ndjonka, D, Olemba, C, Souleymanou, A, Mukonzo, J, Kuteesa, R, Ogwal-Okeng, J, Gustafsson, LL, Owen, J, Bassi, P, Gashau, W, Olaf, K, Dodoo, A, Okonkwo, P, Kanki, P, Maruapula, D, Seraise, B, Einkauf, K, Reilly, A, Rowley, C, Musonda, R, Framhein, A, Mpagama, S, Semvua, H, Maboko, L, Hoelscher, M, Heinrich, N, Mulenga, L, Kaayunga, C, Davies, M-A, Egger, M, Musukuma, K, Dambe, R, Usadi, B, Ngari, M, Thitiri, J, Mwalekwa, L, Fegan, G, Berkley, J, Nsagha, D, Munamunungu, V, Bolton, C, Siyunda, A, Shilimi, J, Bucciardini, R, Fragola, V, Abegaz, T, Lucattini, S, Halifom, A, Tadesse, E, Berhe, M, Pugliese, K, De Castro, P, Terlizzi, R, Fucili, L, Di Gregorio, M, Mirra, M, Zegeye, T, Binelli, A, Vella, S, Abraham, L, Godefay, H, Rakotoarivelo, R, Raberahona, M, Randriamampionona, N, Andriamihaja, R, Rasamoelina, T, Cornet, M, De Dieu Randria, MJ, Benet, T, Vanhems, P, Andrianarivelo, MR, Chirwa, U, Michelo, C, Hamoonga, R, Wandiga, S, Oduor, P, Agaya, J, Sharma, A, Cavanaugh, S, Cain, K, Mukisa, J, Mupere, E, Worodria, W, Ngom, JT, Koro, F, Godwe, C, Adande, C, Ateugieu, R, Onana, T, Ngono, A, Kamdem, Y, Ngo-Niobe, S, Etoa, F-X, Kanengoni, M, Ruzario, S, Ndebele, P, Shana, M, Tarumbiswa, F, Musesengwa, R, Gutsire, R, Fisher, K, Thyagarajan, B, Akanbi, O, Binuyo, M, Ssengooba, W, Respeito, D, Mambuque, E, Blanco, S, Mandomando, I, Cobelens, F, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Tamene, A, Topp, S, Mwamba, C, Padian, N, Sikazwe, I, Geng, E, Holmes, C, Sikombe, K, Hantuba, Czaicki, N, Simbeza, S, Somwe, P, Umulisa, M, Ilo, J, Kestelyn, E, Uwineza, M, Agaba, S, Delvaux, T, Wijgert, J, Gethi, D, Odeny, L, Tamandjou, C, Kaindjee-Tjituka, F, Brandt, L, Cotton, M, Nel, E, Preiser, W, Andersson, M, Adepoju, A, Magana, M, Etsetowaghan, A, Chilikwazi, M, Sutcliffe, C, Thuma, P, Sinywimaanzi, K, Matakala, H, Munachoonga, P, Moss, W, Masenza, IS, Geisenberger, O, Agrea, P, Rwegoshora, F, Mahiga, H, Olomi, W, Kroidl, A, Kayode, G, Amoakoh-Coleman, M, Ansah, E, Uthman, O, Fokam, J, Santoro, M-M, Musolo, C, Chimbiri, I, Chikwenga, G, Deula, R, Massari, R, Lungu, A, Perno, C-F, Ndzengue, G, Loveline, N, Lissom, A, Flaurent, T, Sosso, S, Essomba, C, Kpeli, G, Otchere, I, Lamelas, A, Buultjens, A, Bulach, D, Baines, S, Seemann, T, Giulieri, S, Nakobu, Z, Aboagye, S, Owusu-Mireku, E, Danso, E, Hauser, J, Hinic, V, Pluschke, G, Stinear, T, Yeboah-Manu, D, Elshayeb, A, Siddig, ME, Ahmed, AA, Hussien, AE, Kabwe, M, Tembo, J, Chilukutu, L, Chilufya, M, Ngulube, F, Lukwesa, C, Enne, V, Wexner, H, Mwananyanda, L, Hamer, D, Sinyangwe, S, Ahmed, Y, Klein, N, Maeurer, M, Zumla, A, Bates, M, Beyala, L, Etienne, G, Anthony, N, Benjamin, A, Ateudjieu, J, Chibwe, B, Ojok, D, Tarr, CA, Perez, GM, Omeonga, S, Kibungu, F, Meyer, A, Lansana, P, Mayor, A, Onyango, P, Van Loggerenberg, F, Furtado, T, Boggs, L, Segrt, A, Dochez, C, Burnett, R, Mphahlele, MJ, Miiro, G, Mbidde, E, Peshu, N, Kivaya, E, Ngowi, B, Kavishe, R, Maowia, M, Sandstrom, E, Ayuo, E, Mmbaga, B, Leisegang, C, Thorpe, M, Batchilly, E, N'Guessan, J-P, Kanteh, D, Søfteland, S, Sebitloane, M, Vwalika, B, Taylor, M, Galappaththi-Arachchige, H, Holmen, S, Gundersen, SG, Ndhlovu, P, Kjetland, EF, Kombe, F, Toohey, J, Pienaar, E, Kredo, T, Cham, PM, Abubakar, I, Dondeh, BL, Vischer, N, Pfeiffer, C, Burri, C, Musukwa, K, Zürcher, S, Mwandu, T, Bauer, S, Adriko, M, Mwaura, P, Omolloh, K, Jones, C, Malecela, M, Hamidu, BA, Jenner, TE, Asiedu, LJ, Osei-Atweneboana, M, Afeke, I, Addo, P, Newman, M, Durnez, L, Eddyani, M, Ammisah, N, Abas, M, Quartey, M, Ablordey, A, Akinwale, O, Adeneye, A, Ezeugwu, S, Olukosi, Y, Adewale, B, Sulyman, M, Mafe, M, Okwuzu, J, Gyang, P, Nwafor, T, Henry, U, Musa, B, Ujah, I, Agobé, JCD, Grau-Pujol, B, Sacoor, C, Nhabomba, A, Casellas, A, Quintó, L, Subirà, C, Giné, R, Valentín, A, Muñoz, J, Nikiema, M, Ky-Ba, A, Comapore, KAM, Sangare, L, Oluremi, A, Michel, M, Camara, Y, Sanneh, B, Cuamba, I, Gutiérrez, J, Lázaro, C, Mejia, R, Adedeji, A, Folorunsho, S, Demehin, P, Akinsanya, B, Cowley, G, Da Silva, ET, Nabicassa, M, De Barros, PDP, Blif, MM, Bailey, R, Last, A, Mahendradhata, Y, Gotuzzo, E, De Nys, K, Casteels, M, Nona, SK, Lumeka, K, Todagbe, A, Djima, MM, Ukpong, M, Sagay, A, Khamofu, H, Torpey, K, Afiadigwe, E, Anenih, J, Ezechi, O, Nweneka, C, Idoko, J, Muhumuza, S, Katahoire, A, Nuwaha, F, Olsen, A, Okeyo, S, Omollo, R, Kimutai, R, Ochieng, M, Egondi, T, Moonga, C, Chileshe, C, Magwende, G, Anumudu, C, Onile, O, Oladele, V, Adebayo, A, Awobode, H, Oyeyemi, O, Odaibo, A, Kabuye, E, Lutalo, T, Njua-Yafi, C, Nkuo-Akenji, T, Anchang-Kimbi, J, Mugri, R, Chi, H, Tata, R, Njumkeng, C, Dodoo, D, Achidi, E, Fernandes, J, Bache, EB, Matakala, K, Searle, K, Greenman, M, Rainwater-Lovett, K, Makanga, M, Beattie, P, Breugelmans, G, Nyirenda, T, Bockarie, M, Tanner, M, Volmink, J, Hankins, C, Walzl, G, Chegou, N, Malherbe, S, Hatherill, M, Scriba, TJ, Zak, DE, Barry, CE, Kaufmann, SHE, Noor, A, Strub-Wourgaft, N, Phillips, P, Munguambe, K, Ravinetto, R, Tinto, H, Diro, E, Mahendrahata, Y, Okebe, J, Rijal, S, Garcia, C, Sundar, S, Ndayisaba, G, Sopheak, T, Ngoduc, T, Van Loen, H, Jacobs, J, D'Alessandro, U, Boelaert, M, Buvé, A, Kamalo, P, Manda-Taylor, L, Rennie, S, Mokgatla, B, Bahati, Ijsselmuiden, C, Afolabi, M, Mcgrath, N, Kampmann, B, Imoukhuede, E, Alexander, N, Larson, H, Chandramohan, D, Bojang, K, Kasaro, MP, Muluka, B, Kaunda, K, Morse, J, Westfall, A, Kapata, N, Kruuner, A, Henostroza, G, Reid, S, Alabi, A, Foguim, F, Sankarganesh, J, Bruske, E, Mfoumbi, A, Mevyann, C, Adegnika, A, Lell, B, Kranzer, K, Kremsner, P, Grobusch, M, Sabiiti, W, Ntinginya, N, Kuchaka, D, Azam, K, Kampira, E, Mtafya, B, Bowness, R, Bhatt, N, Davies, G, Kibiki, G, Gillespie, S, Lejon, V, Ilboudo, H, Mumba, D, Camara, M, Kaba, D, Lumbala, C, Fèvre, E, Jamonneau, V, Bucheton, B, Büscher, P, Chisenga, C, Sinkala, E, Chilengi, R, Chitundu, H, Zyambo, Z, Wandeler, G, Vinikoor, M, Emilie, D, Camara, O, Mathurin, K, Guiguigbaza-Kossigan, D, Philippe, B, Regassa, F, Hassane, S, Bienvenu, SM, Fabrice, C, Ouédraogo, E, Kouakou, L, Owusu, M, Mensah, E, Enimil, A, Mutocheluh, M, Ndongo, FA, Tejiokem, MC, Texier, G, Penda, C, Ndiang, S, Ndongo, J-A, Guemkam, G, Sofeu, CL, Afumbom, K, Faye, A, Msellati, P, Warszawski, J, Vos, A, Devillé, W, Barth, R, Klipstein-Grobusch, K, Tempelman, H, Venter, F, Coutinho, R, Grobbee, D, Ssemwanga, D, Lyagoba, F, Magambo, B, Kapaata, A, Kirangwa, J, Nannyonjo, M, Nassolo, F, Nsubuga, R, Yebra, G, Brown, A, Kaleebu, P, Nylén, H, Habtewold, A, Makonnen, E, Yimer, G, Burhenne, J, Diczfalusy, U, Aklillu, E, Steele, D, Walker, R, Simuyandi, M, Beres, L, Bosomprah, S, Ansumana, R, Taitt, C, Lamin, JM, Jacobsen, KH, Mulvaney, SP, Leski, T, Bangura, U, Stenger, D, De Vries, S, Zinsou, FJ, Honkpehedji, J, Dejon, JC, Loembe, MM, Bache, B, Pakker, N, Van Leeuwen, R, Hounkpatin, AB, Yazdanbakhsh, M, Bethony, J, Hotez, P, Diemert, D, Bache, BE, Fernandes, JF, Obiang, RM, Kabwende, AL, Grobusch, MP, Krishna, S, Kremsner, PG, Todagbe, AS, Nambozi, M, Kabuya, J-B, Hachizovu, S, Mwakazanga, D, Kasongo, W, Buyze, J, Mulenga, M, Geertruyden, J-P, Gitaka, J, Chan, C, Kongere, J, Kagaya, W, Kaneko, A, Kabore, N, Barry, N, Kabre, Z, Werme, K, Fofana, A, Compaore, D, Nikiema, F, Some, F, Djimde, A, Zongo, I, Ouedraogo, B, Kone, A, Sagara, I, Björkman, A, Gil, JP, Nchinda, G, Bopda, A, Nji, N, Ambada, G, Ngu, L, Tchadji, J, Sake, C, Magagoum, S, Njambe, GD, Lisom, A, Park, CG, Tait, D, Sibusiso, H, Manda, O, Croucher, K, Van Der Westhuizen, A, Mshanga, I, Levin, J, Nanvubya, A, Kibengo, F, Jaoko, W, Pala, P, Perreau, M, Namuniina, A, Kitandwe, P, Tapia, G, Serwanga, J, Yates, N, Fast, P, Mayer, B, Montefiori, D, Tomaras, G, Robb, M, Lee, C, Wagner, R, Sanders, E, Kilembe, W, Kiwanuka, N, Gilmour, J, Kuipers, H, Vooij, D, Chinyenze, K, Priddy, F, Ding, S, Hanke, T, Pantaleo, G, Ngasala, B, Jovel, I, Malmberg, M, Mmbando, B, Premji, Z, Mårtensson, A, Mwaiswelo, R, Agbor, L, Apinjoh, T, Mwanza, S, Chileshe, J, Joshi, S, Malunga, P, Manyando, C, Laufer, M, Dara, A, Niangaly, A, Sinha, I, Brodin, D, Fofana, B, Dama, S, Dembele, D, Sidibe, B, Diallo, N, Thera, M, Wright, K, Gil, J, Doumbo, O, Baraka, V, Nabasumba, C, Francis, F, Lutumba, P, Mavoko, H, Alifrangis, M, Van Geertruyden, J-P, Sissoko, S, Sangaré, C, Toure, S, Sanogo, K, Diakite, H, Doumbia, D, Haidara, K, Julé, A, Ashurst, H, Merson, L, Olliaro, P, Marsh, V, Lang, T, Guérin, P, Awuondo, K, Njenga, D, Nyakarungu, E, Titus, P, Sutamihardja, A, Lowe, B, Ogutu, B, Billingsley, P, Soulama, I, Kaboré, M, Coulibaly, A, Ouattara, M, Sanon, S, Diarra, A, Bougouma, E, Ouedraogo, A, Sombie, B, Kargougou, D, Ouattara, D, Issa, N, Tiono, A, Sirima, S, Chaponda, M, Dabira, E, Dao, F, Dara, N, Coulibaly, M, Tolo, A, Maiga, H, Ouologuem, N, Niangaly, H, Botchway, F, Wilson, N, Dickinson-Copeland, CM, Adjei, AA, Wilson, M, Stiles, JK, Hamid, MA, Awad-Elgeid, M, Nasr, A, Netongo, P, Kamdem, S, Velavan, T, Lasry, E, Diarra, M, Bamadio, A, Traore, A, Coumare, S, Soma, B, Dicko, Y, Sangare, B, Tembely, A, Traore, D, Haidara, A, Dicko, A, Diawara, E, Beavogui, A, Camara, D, Sylla, M, Yattara, M, Sow, A, Camara, GC, Diallo, S, Mombo-Ngoma, G, Remppis, J, Sievers, M, Manego, RZ, Endamne, L, Hutchinson, D, Held, J, Supan, C, Salazar, CLO, Bonkian, LN, Nahum, A, Sié, A, Abdulla, S, Cantalloube, C, Djeriou, E, Bouyou-Akotet, M, Mordmüller, B, Siribie, M, Sirima, SB, Ouattara, SM, Coulibaly, S, Kabore, JM, Amidou, D, Tekete, M, Traore, O, Haefeli, W, Borrmann, S, Kaboré, N, Kabré, Z, Nikèma, F, Compaoré, D, Somé, F, Djimdé, A, Ouédraogo, J, Chalwe, V, Miller, J, Diakité, H, Greco, B, Spangenberg, T, Kourany-Lefoll, E, Oeuvray, C, Mulry, J, Tyagarajan, K, Magsaam, B, Barnes, K, Hodel, EM, Humphreys, G, Pace, C, Banda, CG, Denti, P, Allen, E, Lalloo, D, Mwapasa, V, Terlouw, A, Mwesigwa, J, Achan, J, Jawara, M, Ditanna, G, Worwui, A, Affara, M, Koukouikila-Koussounda, F, Kombo, M, Vouvoungui, C, Ntoumi, F, Etoka-Beka, MK, Deibert, J, Poulain, P, Kobawila, S, Gueye, NG, Seda, B, Kwambai, T, Jangu, P, Samuels, A, Kuile, FT, Kariuki, S, Barry, A, Bousema, T, Okech, B, Egwang, T, Corran, P, Riley, E, Ezennia, I, Ekwunife, O, Muleba, M, Stevenson, J, Mbata, K, Coetzee, M, Norris, D, Moneke-Anyanwoke, N, Momodou, J, Clarke, E, Scott, S, Tijani, A, Djimde, M, Vaillant, M, Samouda, H, Mensah, V, Roetynck, S, Kanteh, E, Bowyer, G, Ndaw, A, Oko, F, Bliss, C, Jagne, YJ, Cortese, R, Nicosia, A, Roberts, R, D'Alessio, F, Leroy, O, Faye, B, Cisse, B, Gerry, S, Viebig, N, Lawrie, A, Ewer, K, Hill, A, Nebie, I, Tiono, AB, Sanou, G, Konate, AT, Yaro, BJ, Sodiomon, S, Honkpehedji, Y, Agobe, JCD, Zinsou, F, Mengue, J, Richie, T, Hoffman, S, Nouatin, O, Ngoa, UA, Edoa, JR, Homoet, A, Engelhon, JE, Massinga-Louembe, M, Esen, M, Theisen, M, Sim, KL, Luty, AJ, Moutairou, K, Dinko, B, King, E, Targett, G, Sutherland, C, Likhovole, C, Ouma, C, Vulule, J, Musau, S, Khayumbi, J, Okumu, A, Murithi, W, Otu, J, Gehre, F, Zingue, D, Kudzawu, S, Forson, A, Mane, M, Rabna, P, Diarra, B, Kayede, S, Adebiyi, E, Kehinde, A, Onyejepu, N, Onubogu, C, Idigbe, E, Ba, A, Diallo, A, Mboup, S, Disse, K, Kadanga, G, Dagnra, Y, Baldeh, I, Corrah, T, De Jong, B, Antonio, M, Musanabaganwa, C, Musabyimana, JP, Karita, E, Diop, B, Nambajimana, A, Dushimiyimana, V, Karame, P, Russell, J, Ndoli, J, Hategekimana, T, Sendegeya, A, Condo, J, Binagwaho, A, Okonko, I, Okerentugba, P, Opaleye, O, Awujo, E, Frank-Peterside, N, Moyo, S, Kotokwe, K, Mohammed, T, Boleo, C, Mupfumi, L, Chishala, S, Gaseitsiwe, S, Tsalaile, L, Bussmann, H, Makhema, J, Baum, M, Marlink, R, Engelbretch, S, Essex, M, Novitsky, V, Saka, E, Kalipalire, Z, Bhairavabhotla, R, Midiani, D, Sherman, J, Mgode, G, Cox, C, Bwana, D, Mtui, L, Magesa, D, Kahwa, A, Mfinanga, G, Mulder, C, Borain, N, Petersen, L, Du Plessis, J, Theron, G, Holm-Hansen, C, Tekwu, EM, Sidze, LK, Assam, JPA, Eyangoh, S, Niemann, S, Beng, VP, Frank, M, Atiadeve, S, Hilmann, D, Awoniyi, D, Baumann, R, Kriel, B, Jacobs, R, Kidd, M, Loxton, A, Kaempfer, S, Singh, M, Mwanza, W, Milimo, D, Moyo, M, Kasese, N, Cheeba-Lengwe, M, Munkondya, S, Ayles, H, De Haas, P, Muyoyeta, M, Namuganga, AR, Kizza, HM, Mendy, A, Tientcheu, L, Ayorinde, A, Coker, E, Egere, U, Coussens, A, Naude, C, Chaplin, G, Noursadeghi, M, Martineau, A, Jablonski, N, Wilkinson, R, Ouedraogo, HG, Matteelli, A, Regazzi, M, Tarnagda, G, Villani, P, Sulis, G, Diagbouga, S, Roggi, A, Giorgetti, F, Kouanda, S, Bidias, A, Ndjonka, D, Olemba, C, Souleymanou, A, Mukonzo, J, Kuteesa, R, Ogwal-Okeng, J, Gustafsson, LL, Owen, J, Bassi, P, Gashau, W, Olaf, K, Dodoo, A, Okonkwo, P, Kanki, P, Maruapula, D, Seraise, B, Einkauf, K, Reilly, A, Rowley, C, Musonda, R, Framhein, A, Mpagama, S, Semvua, H, Maboko, L, Hoelscher, M, Heinrich, N, Mulenga, L, Kaayunga, C, Davies, M-A, Egger, M, Musukuma, K, Dambe, R, Usadi, B, Ngari, M, Thitiri, J, Mwalekwa, L, Fegan, G, Berkley, J, Nsagha, D, Munamunungu, V, Bolton, C, Siyunda, A, Shilimi, J, Bucciardini, R, Fragola, V, Abegaz, T, Lucattini, S, Halifom, A, Tadesse, E, Berhe, M, Pugliese, K, De Castro, P, Terlizzi, R, Fucili, L, Di Gregorio, M, Mirra, M, Zegeye, T, Binelli, A, Vella, S, Abraham, L, Godefay, H, Rakotoarivelo, R, Raberahona, M, Randriamampionona, N, Andriamihaja, R, Rasamoelina, T, Cornet, M, De Dieu Randria, MJ, Benet, T, Vanhems, P, Andrianarivelo, MR, Chirwa, U, Michelo, C, Hamoonga, R, Wandiga, S, Oduor, P, Agaya, J, Sharma, A, Cavanaugh, S, Cain, K, Mukisa, J, Mupere, E, Worodria, W, Ngom, JT, Koro, F, Godwe, C, Adande, C, Ateugieu, R, Onana, T, Ngono, A, Kamdem, Y, Ngo-Niobe, S, Etoa, F-X, Kanengoni, M, Ruzario, S, Ndebele, P, Shana, M, Tarumbiswa, F, Musesengwa, R, Gutsire, R, Fisher, K, Thyagarajan, B, Akanbi, O, Binuyo, M, Ssengooba, W, Respeito, D, Mambuque, E, Blanco, S, Mandomando, I, Cobelens, F, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Tamene, A, Topp, S, Mwamba, C, Padian, N, Sikazwe, I, Geng, E, Holmes, C, Sikombe, K, Hantuba, Czaicki, N, Simbeza, S, Somwe, P, Umulisa, M, Ilo, J, Kestelyn, E, Uwineza, M, Agaba, S, Delvaux, T, Wijgert, J, Gethi, D, Odeny, L, Tamandjou, C, Kaindjee-Tjituka, F, Brandt, L, Cotton, M, Nel, E, Preiser, W, Andersson, M, Adepoju, A, Magana, M, Etsetowaghan, A, Chilikwazi, M, Sutcliffe, C, Thuma, P, Sinywimaanzi, K, Matakala, H, Munachoonga, P, Moss, W, Masenza, IS, Geisenberger, O, Agrea, P, Rwegoshora, F, Mahiga, H, Olomi, W, Kroidl, A, Kayode, G, Amoakoh-Coleman, M, Ansah, E, Uthman, O, Fokam, J, Santoro, M-M, Musolo, C, Chimbiri, I, Chikwenga, G, Deula, R, Massari, R, Lungu, A, Perno, C-F, Ndzengue, G, Loveline, N, Lissom, A, Flaurent, T, Sosso, S, Essomba, C, Kpeli, G, Otchere, I, Lamelas, A, Buultjens, A, Bulach, D, Baines, S, Seemann, T, Giulieri, S, Nakobu, Z, Aboagye, S, Owusu-Mireku, E, Danso, E, Hauser, J, Hinic, V, Pluschke, G, Stinear, T, Yeboah-Manu, D, Elshayeb, A, Siddig, ME, Ahmed, AA, Hussien, AE, Kabwe, M, Tembo, J, Chilukutu, L, Chilufya, M, Ngulube, F, Lukwesa, C, Enne, V, Wexner, H, Mwananyanda, L, Hamer, D, Sinyangwe, S, Ahmed, Y, Klein, N, Maeurer, M, Zumla, A, Bates, M, Beyala, L, Etienne, G, Anthony, N, Benjamin, A, Ateudjieu, J, Chibwe, B, Ojok, D, Tarr, CA, Perez, GM, Omeonga, S, Kibungu, F, Meyer, A, Lansana, P, Mayor, A, Onyango, P, Van Loggerenberg, F, Furtado, T, Boggs, L, Segrt, A, Dochez, C, Burnett, R, Mphahlele, MJ, Miiro, G, Mbidde, E, Peshu, N, Kivaya, E, Ngowi, B, Kavishe, R, Maowia, M, Sandstrom, E, Ayuo, E, Mmbaga, B, Leisegang, C, Thorpe, M, Batchilly, E, N'Guessan, J-P, Kanteh, D, Søfteland, S, Sebitloane, M, Vwalika, B, Taylor, M, Galappaththi-Arachchige, H, Holmen, S, Gundersen, SG, Ndhlovu, P, Kjetland, EF, Kombe, F, Toohey, J, Pienaar, E, Kredo, T, Cham, PM, Abubakar, I, Dondeh, BL, Vischer, N, Pfeiffer, C, Burri, C, Musukwa, K, Zürcher, S, Mwandu, T, Bauer, S, Adriko, M, Mwaura, P, Omolloh, K, Jones, C, Malecela, M, Hamidu, BA, Jenner, TE, Asiedu, LJ, Osei-Atweneboana, M, Afeke, I, Addo, P, Newman, M, Durnez, L, Eddyani, M, Ammisah, N, Abas, M, Quartey, M, Ablordey, A, Akinwale, O, Adeneye, A, Ezeugwu, S, Olukosi, Y, Adewale, B, Sulyman, M, Mafe, M, Okwuzu, J, Gyang, P, Nwafor, T, Henry, U, Musa, B, Ujah, I, Agobé, JCD, Grau-Pujol, B, Sacoor, C, Nhabomba, A, Casellas, A, Quintó, L, Subirà, C, Giné, R, Valentín, A, Muñoz, J, Nikiema, M, Ky-Ba, A, Comapore, KAM, Sangare, L, Oluremi, A, Michel, M, Camara, Y, Sanneh, B, Cuamba, I, Gutiérrez, J, Lázaro, C, Mejia, R, Adedeji, A, Folorunsho, S, Demehin, P, Akinsanya, B, Cowley, G, Da Silva, ET, Nabicassa, M, De Barros, PDP, Blif, MM, Bailey, R, Last, A, Mahendradhata, Y, Gotuzzo, E, De Nys, K, Casteels, M, Nona, SK, Lumeka, K, Todagbe, A, Djima, MM, Ukpong, M, Sagay, A, Khamofu, H, Torpey, K, Afiadigwe, E, Anenih, J, Ezechi, O, Nweneka, C, Idoko, J, Muhumuza, S, Katahoire, A, Nuwaha, F, Olsen, A, Okeyo, S, Omollo, R, Kimutai, R, Ochieng, M, Egondi, T, Moonga, C, Chileshe, C, Magwende, G, Anumudu, C, Onile, O, Oladele, V, Adebayo, A, Awobode, H, Oyeyemi, O, Odaibo, A, Kabuye, E, Lutalo, T, Njua-Yafi, C, Nkuo-Akenji, T, Anchang-Kimbi, J, Mugri, R, Chi, H, Tata, R, Njumkeng, C, Dodoo, D, Achidi, E, Fernandes, J, Bache, EB, Matakala, K, Searle, K, Greenman, M, and Rainwater-Lovett, K
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- 2017
3. Feasibility and acceptability of collecting dried blood spots (DBS) from children after vaccination during supplementary immunization activities to estimate measles and rubella seroprevalence.
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Carcelen AC, Prosperi C, Hamahuwa M, Kapungu K, Chongwe G, Mwansa FD, Ndubani P, Simulundu E, Bwalya IC, Matakala KH, Musukwa G, Mutale I, Betha E, Chaavwa N, Kampamba L, Matoba J, Munachoonga P, Mufwambi W, Situtu K, Thuma PE, Sakala C, Kayeye P, Truelove SA, Winter AK, Ferrari MJ, Moss WJ, and Mutembo S
- Abstract
Nested serosurveys within routine service delivery platforms such as planned supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) provide an opportunity to collect information that can be used to answer valuable questions on the effectiveness and efficiency of the delivery model to inform future activities. However, integrating research data collection in SIAs is rarely done due to concerns it will negatively impact the program. We conducted a serosurvey nested within the November 2020 measles-rubella SIA integrated with the Child Health Week activities in Zambia to evaluate this approach. In-depth interviews with the study teams and vaccination campaign staff at the vaccination sites were conducted. Recorded interviews were transcribed, transcripts were coded and then grouped into themes based on a process evaluation framework. A multi-methods analytical approach was used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of collecting dried blood spots from children during the SIA. This included a quantitative assessment of participant enrollment. The serosurvey successfully enrolled 90% of children from Child Health Week due to close coordination and teamwork between the vaccination teams and serosurvey team, in addition to substantial social mobilization efforts. Continually adjusting the sampling interval that was used to select eligible children allowed us to enroll throughout the SIA and capture a representative sample of children in attendance although it was challenging for the staff involved. As vaccination programs aim to tailor their approaches to reach the hardest-to-reach children, embedding research questions in SIAs will allow evaluation of the successes and challenges and compare alternative approaches. Lessons learned from this experience collecting data during an SIA can be applicable to future research activities embedded in SIAs or other delivery platforms., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Carcelen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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4. Respiratory viruses in rural Zambia during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Sutcliffe CG, Hamahuwa M, Miller E, Sinywimaanzi P, Hardick J, Morales J, Munachoonga P, Monze M, Manabe YC, Fenstermacher KZJ, Rothman RE, Pekosz A, Thuma PE, and Simulundu E
- Abstract
Objectives: Limited data on respiratory infections are available from sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the burden of respiratory viruses in rural Zambia from 2019-2021., Methods: Surveillance was initiated at Macha Hospital in Zambia in December 2018. Each week, patients with respiratory symptoms were enrolled from the outpatient clinic. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected and tested for respiratory pathogens. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and viruses in 2021 was compared to results from 2019 and 2020., Results: After seeing few cases of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus in 2020, a return to prepandemic levels was observed in 2021. Rhinovirus/enterovirus, parainfluenza virus 1-4, and adenovirus circulated from 2019 to 2021, while human metapneumovirus and human coronaviruses (HKU1, 229E, OC43, and NL63 subtypes) were observed sporadically. SARS-CoV-2 was observed consistently in 2021 after being first identified in December 2020. The proportion of participants with co-infections in 2021 (11.6%) was significantly higher than in 2019 (6.9%) or 2020 (7.7%)., Conclusion: Declines in influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus were reversed once public health measures were lifted. Respiratory viruses contributed to a significant burden of respiratory infections in 2021. This study provides important information about respiratory viruses in this changing context and underrepresented region., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.)
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- 2023
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5. Respiratory viruses in rural Zambia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Loevinsohn G, Hamahuwa M, Hardick J, Sinywimaanzi P, Fenstermacher KZJ, Munachoonga P, Weynand A, Monze M, Manabe YC, Gaydos CA, Rothman RE, Pekosz A, Thuma PE, Simulundu E, and Sutcliffe CG
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Pandemics, Zambia epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Viruses
- Abstract
Objectives: With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions were implemented globally to control the virus. Data on respiratory pathogens in sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic are scarce. This analysis was conducted to evaluate patterns of respiratory pathogens in rural Zambia before and during the first year of the pandemic., Methods: Surveillance was established in December 2018 at Macha Hospital in southern Zambia. Patients with respiratory symptoms in the outpatient and inpatient clinics were recruited. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected and tested for respiratory pathogens. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pathogens was evaluated and compared in the first (December 10, 2018-December 9, 2019) and second (December 10, 2019-November 30, 2020) years of surveillance., Results: Outpatient visits and admissions for respiratory illness significantly decreased from the first to second year, especially among children. SARS-CoV-2 was not detected from any participants in Year 2. Among outpatients and inpatients with respiratory symptoms, the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses decreased from the first to second year. In contrast, the prevalence of rhinovirus/enterovirus, metapneumovirus and parainfluenza virus increased., Conclusions: The epidemiology of respiratory viruses in rural Zambia changed during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that public health interventions may have had an impact on the introduction and circulation of respiratory pathogens in this area., (© 2022 The Authors Tropical Medicine & International Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2022
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6. The NSEBA Demonstration Project: implementation of a point-of-care platform for early infant diagnosis of HIV in rural Zambia.
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Sutcliffe CG, Moyo N, Schue JL, Mutanga JN, Hamahuwa M, Munachoonga P, Maunga S, Thuma PE, and Moss WJ
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- Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pilot Projects, Rural Health Services, Zambia epidemiology, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV Testing methods, Point-of-Care Testing organization & administration, Program Development, Program Evaluation
- Abstract
Objectives: To describe the experience and resource requirements of implementing point-of-care testing for early infant diagnosis of HIV in rural Zambia., Methods: A demonstration project was conducted using a hub-and-spoke model in 2018-2019 at five clinics in rural Zambia. Two testing hubs were established, and all HIV-exposed infants were tested with the GeneXpert system. Data on costs, turnaround times and test results were collected., Results: Seven hundred and eighty six tests were conducted. At the hubs, results were available a median of 2.4 (IQR: 2.1, 2.8) hours after sample collection and most mothers (84%) received same-day results. At the spoke facilities, results were available a median of 9 days (IQR: 7, 12) after sample collection and provided to the mother a median of 16 days (IQR: 10, 28) after sample collection. Eleven children tested positive, and 9 (82%) started treatment a median of 13 days (IQR: 7, 21) after sample collection and on the day mothers received results. In contrast, results from matching samples sent for routine testing were available a median of 38 days (IQR: 27, 61) after sample collection and provided to the mother a median of 91 days (IQR: 47, 135) after sample collection., Conclusions: Implementing point-of-care testing in a network of rural health centres in Zambia required significant initial and ongoing investment in infrastructure, training and supervision. However, point-of-care testing can rapidly diagnose HIV-infected infants, so they can benefit from early treatment., (© 2021 The Authors. Tropical Medicine & International Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2021
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7. Measles and rubella serosurvey identifies rubella immunity gap in young adults of childbearing age in Zambia: The added value of nesting a serological survey within a post-campaign coverage evaluation survey.
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Hayford K, Mutembo S, Carcelen A, Matakala HK, Munachoonga P, Winter A, Wanyiri JW, Searle K, Mwansa FD, Mwiche A, Phiri C, Book C, Thuma PE, and Moss WJ
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- Adolescent, Adult, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Child, Female, Humans, Immunization Programs, Immunoglobulin G immunology, Male, Middle Aged, Public Health Surveillance, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Vaccination, Vaccination Coverage, Young Adult, Zambia epidemiology, Measles epidemiology, Measles prevention & control, Rubella epidemiology, Rubella prevention & control, Rubella virus immunology
- Abstract
Background: Serological surveys can potentially complement vaccine coverage surveys, such as post-vaccination campaign coverage evaluation surveys (PCES), by providing direct information on population immunity within and outside the target age range of the mass vaccination campaign. We estimate age-specific population immunity to measles and rubella viruses in Southern Province, Zambia, and assess the value of adding serological data to vaccination coverage estimates by nesting a serological survey within a PCES., Methods: Dried blood spots (DBS) from fingerprick blood were collected from all individuals ages nine months or older in households participating in the PCES and tested for measles and rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) by enzyme immunoassay (Siemens Enzygnost, Marburg, Germany)., Results: Overall seroprevalence was 95.5% (95% CI: 92.8, 97.2) for measles virus-specific IgG and 97.7% (95% CI: 96.0, 98.7) for rubella virus-specific IgG. Rubella seroprevalence was 98.4% (95% CI: 95.9, 99.4) among children eligible for the MR vaccination campaign, significantly higher than the reported measles-rubella (MR) vaccination campaign coverage of 89.8% (p = 0.003), and higher than the 91.3% rubella seroprevalence for adolescents and adults 16-30 years of age (p = 0.049)., Conclusion: Seroprevalence to measles and rubella viruses in children younger than 16 years of age was significantly higher than expected from vaccination coverage estimates, likely reflecting exposure to wild-type viruses and underreporting of vaccination. The serosurvey revealed rubella immunity gaps among women 16-30 years of age, precisely the age group in which protection from rubella is most important to prevent congenital rubella syndrome. Nesting serological surveys within existing surveys can leverage resources and infrastructure while providing complementary information important to immunization programs., (Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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