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Abstract Background The most prevalent nerve entrapment disorder, known as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), is brought on by wrist-based median nerve compression. Focal demyelination progresses to axonal dysfunction as the condition worsens. In order to detect motor unit (MU) loos, this study compares two motor unit number estimation (MUNE) techniques with compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude. The CMAP amplitude and MUNE of the median nerve in 137 hands of 70 neurophysiologically approved CTS patients, aged 40.27 ± 10.06 years were examined. Another 90 hands from 56 healthy volunteers who are age- and gender-matched serve the control group. Results In contrast to 192.5 and 248.5 in controls, the median nerve values of incremental and adapted multipoint stimulation (aMPS) MUNE in CTS patients were, respectively, 111 and 133 (p

Recently, the total absorption gamma spectroscopy technique was used to determine the Gamow-Teller (GT) distribution of [beta]-decay of [sup.186]Hg. It was concluded that the best description of the measured data was obtained with dominantly prolate components for both parent [sup.186]Hg and daughter [sup.186]Au. Motivated by the recent findings, we investigate the effect of nuclear deformation on the energy distribution of the GT strength of the decay of [sup.186]Hg into [sup.186]Au within the framework of proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) based on the deformed Nilsson potential. To do the needful, we first calculate the energy levels and shape prediction of [sup.186]Hg within the interacting boson model. The computed GT strength distribution satisfied the model-independent Ikeda sum rule 100% (99.98%) for the prolate (oblate) case. Based on the strength distributions, the deformed pn-QRPA model with separable interaction prefers a prolate shape for the ground state of [sup.186]Hg and supports the shape coexistence for this nucleus. Key words: [sup.186]Hg, Gamow-Teller strength, pn-QRPA, IBM-1, deformation Recemment, la technique de spectroscopie gamma par absorption totale a ete utilisee pour determiner la distribution de la desintegration [beta] de type Gamow-Teller (GT) dans le [sup.186]Hg. Une conclusion etait que la meilleure description des donnees etait obtenue avec une forme prolate pour les deux noyaux parents, [sup.186]Hg et sa fille [sup.186]Au. Motives par ces resultats recents, nous examinons l'effet de la deformation nucleaire sur les distributions de GT dans cette meme desintegration dans le cadre pn-QRPA base sur le potentiel deforme de Nilsson. A cette fin, nous calculons d'abord les niveaux d'energie et la prediction de la forme de [sup.186]Hg a l'aide du modele des bosons en interaction (interacting bosons). La distribution calculee de force GT satisfait a 100 % la regle de somme independante de Ikeda pour un noyau prolate et a 99.98 % pour le cas oblong. Sur la base des distributions de force, le modele pn-QRPA avec interaction separable prefere une forme prolate pour le fondamental de [sup.186]Hg et supporte la coexistence de forme pour ce noyau. Mots-cles: [sup.186]Hg, interaction de Gamow-Teller, pn-QRPA, IBM-1, deformation, 1. Introduction Neutron-deficient Mercury (Hg) isotopes have been studied intensively, both experimentally and theoretically, in the last decades. The motivation behind such investigations is to explore the shape coexistence phenomenon, [...]

The study aims to address the concept of wealth from the perspective of the Sharīʿah and its relationship to contemporary digital assets such as cryptocurrency (Bitcoin). The qualitative research approach is adopted for this research. The data is collected from several resources such as books, journal articles, reports, conferences papers, and websites. The data is analyzed through an explanatory research approach by providing scholars’ opinions and their arguments on the subject matter. The findings of this study show that Sharīʿah provides certain conditions to consider something as asset or currency from the Sharīʿah perspective. In regard to cryptocurrency (Bitcoin), the Sharīʿah rules vary based on the types of cryptocurrencies and whether cryptocurrency meets the conditions to be considered as currency or assets. Moreover, either cryptocurrency is an asset or currency, it should not contravene any Sharīʿah laws, such as ribā (interest) and gharar (uncertainty). Since Sharīʿah does not limit the currency to dirhams and dīnārs , Bitcoin can be considered as an alternative to the current currencies in a digital form. This would enable financial markets to move faster and secure transaction methods in the future. The policymakers might find this study beneficial to issue new guidelines and policy documents. The findings of the study might be interesting for cryptocurrency enthusiasts and investors to have a deeper understanding of cryptocurrency from the Sharīʿah viewpoint.

Neutron imaging is a nondestructive inspection technique that has a wide range of applications. One of the important aspects of neutron imaging is achieving a micrometer-scale spatial resolution. The development of a high-resolution neutron detector is a challenging task. As one potential solution to this task, we investigate whether neutron detectors based on fine-grained nuclear emulsions are suitable for high-resolution neutron imaging applications. High track density is necessary to improve the quality of neutron imaging. However, the available track analysis methods are difficult to apply under high track density conditions. Simulated images are used to determine the required track density for neutron imaging. A track density of the order of 10 4 tracks per 100 × 100 μ m 2 is sufficient to utilize neutron detectors for imaging applications. Contrast resolution was also investigated for image datasets with various track densities and neutron transmission rates. Moreover, experiments were performed for the neutron imaging of gadolinium-based gratings with known geometries. The grating structures were successfully resolved. The calculated 1 σ 10%–90% edge response using the grayscale optical images of the grating slit with a periodic structure of 9 μ m was 0.945 ± 0.004 μ m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current understanding of light hypernuclei, which are sub-atomic nuclei with strangeness, is being challenged and studied in detail by several European research groups and collaborations. In recent years, studies of hypernuclei using high-energy heavy ion beams have reported unexpected results on the three-body hypernuclear state 3ΛH, named the hypertriton. For some time, reports of a shorter lifetime and larger binding energy than what was previously accepted have created a puzzling situation for its theoretical description; this is known as the "hypertriton puzzle". With the inclusion of the most recent experimental measurements, the current status of the hypertriton puzzle is evolving. Additionally, the possible neutral bound state of a Λ hyperon with two neutrons, nnΛ, has raised questions about our understanding of the formation of light hypernuclei either in bound or resonance states. These results have initiated several ongoing experimental programs all over the world to study these three-body hypernuclear states precisely. We are studying these light hypernuclear states by employing heavy ion beams at 2AGeV on a fixed carbon target with the WASA detector system and the Fragment Separator (FRS) at GSI. The WASA-FRS experimental campaign was performed during the first quarter of 2022, and this paper presents a short overview of the campaign and how it seeks to tackle the hypertriton and nnΛ puzzles. Data analysis is ongoing, and several preliminary results will be reported.

The purpose of this study is to address qalb al-dayn from classical and contemporary Shar??ah points of view and to analyze the views of Shar??ah scholars regarding the practice of qalb al-dayn. The study follows a qualitative research approach where it applies comparative and descriptive analysis methods to explore the thoughts and opinions of classical and contemporary scholars. The study finds that scholars have diverse opinions regarding the application of qalb al-dayn where most of the scholars do not allow to apply qalb al-dayn at all and some other scholars allow applying qalb al-dayn for solvent debtors only. However, qalb al-dayn can be applied with some rigorous restrictions for the solvent debtors, according to some contemporary scholars. The point that the majority of scholars agree on that is, the application of qalb al-dayn is not permissible for an insolvent debtor. To overcome those issues, Islamic banks may strictly use a rescheduling of a financing facility instead of restructuring a facility while following the guidelines provided by the scholars. The paper provides beneficial insights to the researchers, the Islamic banks, and their customers to avoid the issue of qalb al-dayn, particularly in debt-based financing, and to establish justice among the society and Islamic banks.

Background:Motor unit number estimation (MUNE) is a unique electrophysiological technique that was developed to determine a numeric estimate of the number of innervating axons. This technique can be used to determine the approximate number of motor neurons in a muscle or group of muscles. Objective:To test the MUNE values according to subject’s gender and hand dominancy in the normal population. Methods:Healthy volunteers who had neither neuromuscular nor systemic/ metabolic disease, with normal neurological examination were studied. Ninety hands of 56 healthy volunteers (11 males and 45 females) with ages ranging from (24-58) years were included in the study. All had normal median nerve conduction studies. Manual incremental (INC) method and adapted multiple points stimulation (AMPS) method were performed for MUNE. Results:Gender did not have an effect on the scores according to the two studied methods (p=0.054 by INC method and p= 0.700 by AMPS method). Hand dominancy also show no statistically significant difference of the scores of MUNE according to both studied methods (p=0.091) by INC method and (p=0.051) by AMPS method. Conclusion:Incremental stimulation and adapted multiple point stimulation are reliable and easily applicable methods with same reproducibility in estimating motor units with no significant effect for subject gender or hand dominancy. Keywords:Motor unit, motor unit number estimation (MUNE), incremental stimulation (INC) method, adapted multiple point stimulation (AMPS) method Citation:Abdul Muneem SD, Kaddori HG. The effects of gender and hand dominancy on motor unit number estimation in a sample of healthy Iraqis using two different methods. Iraqi JMS. 2019; 17(2): 153-160. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.17.2.9

This research analyzes Muslim treatment of other religions in Medieval Bengal from 1204 to 1757 CE with a special reference to Muslim rulers and Sufi saints. The study is based on historical content analysis using a qualitative research design. The study shows the Muslim sultans and Mughals in the medieval period played a vital role in promoting interreligious harmony and human rights in Bengal. In addition, the Muslim missionaries and Sufis served as a force against religious hatred in society. The Muslim sultans and Mughals applied liberal and accommodative views toward non-Muslims. They did not force non-Muslims to accept Islam. Muslims and non-Muslims were integrated society, and they enjoyed full socioeconomic and religious rights. Moreover, Sufis conducted various approaches toward Muslims and non-Muslims as well. They promoted the message of equality and moral conduct among the diver’s faiths of the people. They also applied liberal, syncretic, and accommodative attitude in attracting non-Muslims to Islam in Bengal. The study concludes that most rulers were sympathetic and cooperative in dealing with the people of other religions.

Hypertriton is the lightest hypernucleus and a benchmark in hypernuclear physics. However, it has recently been suggested that its lifetime and binding energy values may differ from the established values. To solve this puzzle, it is necessary to measure both values with a higher precision. For the precise measurement of the binding energy, we are aiming at developing a novel technique to measure the hypertriton binding energy with unprecedented accuracy by combining nuclear emulsion data and machine learning techniques. The analysis will be based on the J-PARC E07 nuclear emulsion data. Furthermore, a machine-learning model is being developed to identify other single and double-strangeness hypernuclei.