37,729 results on '"Municipal Solid Waste"'
Search Results
2. Occurrence and mass flow rate of PFAS in a Waste-to-Energy water treatment process.
- Author
-
Björklund, Sofie, Carlund, Amanda, Weidemann, Eva, and Jansson, Stina
- Subjects
- *
FLUOROALKYL compounds , *WATER treatment plants , *WASTE products as fuel , *INCINERATION , *WATER purification , *FLUE gases - Abstract
[Display omitted] • The fate of PFAS in the water treatment of a Waste-to-Energy plant was investigated. • PFAS were transferred from the wet flue gas treatment to the water treatment system. • Nine of eleven PFAS were detected in at least one of the five sampled compartments. • PFAS were not removed by the in-house Waste-to-Energy process-water treatment. This study investigated the fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the in-house process-water treatment (PWT) of a 65 MW Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plant. PFAS are used in a wide variety of applications, but are persistent and will end up in waste streams when products reach the end of their lives. The study aimed to identify the pathway of PFAS from flue-gas treatment to the PWT, and to assess the efficiency of the PWT in removing PFAS. Sampling was conducted over five days at five different locations in the PWT. Nine of the eleven target PFAS were detected in at least one sample. The total concentration of PFAS exhibited day-to-day variations, likely caused by fluctuations in the composition of the waste fuel. The highest average PFAS concentration was observed in foam, and was around 130 times that found in the treated water. However, the mass flow of PFAS in the foam was substantially lower, on average 20 times, than that in the treated water. It was found that the condensate scrubber acts as a PFAS transfer step, carrying over certain PFAS from the flue gases into the condensate and PWT. The mass flow rate of PFAS in the PWT after the addition of condensate was six times that before the addition. The study concludes that, while there are some key changes that could be made to enhance the PFAS removal capacity of the in-house PWT, in its current configuration the PWT is not able to efficiently remove PFAS from process-water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. Evaluation of greenhouse gas emission and reduction potential of high-food-waste-content municipal solid waste landfills: A case study of a landfill in the east of China.
- Author
-
Wei, Yufan, Xu, Wenjie, Chen, Yunmin, Peng, Yi, Ke, Han, Zhan, Liangtong, Lan, Jiwu, Li, He, and Zhang, Yuxiang
- Subjects
- *
GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *GREENHOUSE gases , *SOLID waste , *CARBON dioxide , *REDUCTION potential , *FUGITIVE emissions , *LANDFILL gases - Abstract
• A new method for comprehensively evaluating GHG emissions from HFWC-MSW landfills. • HFWC and LFWC MSW have greatly different time distributions of GHG emissions. • Method for assessing unmonitored fugitive LFG emissions. • Collecting LFG in advance is essential for reducing GHG emissions with HFWC MSW. • HFWC-MSW landfills have great GHG emissions reduction potentials. This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation method based on a two-stage model to assess greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reductions in high-food-waste-content (HFWC) municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. The proposed method considers typical processes such as fugitive landfill gas (LFG), LFG collection, flaring, power generation, and leachate treatment. A case study of an HFWC MSW landfill in eastern China is considered to illustrate the evaluation. The findings revealed that the GHG emissions equivalent of the case landfill amounted to 21.23 million tons from 2007 to 2022, averaging 1.03 tons CO 2 -eq per ton of MSW. There was a potential underestimation of LFG generation at the landfill site during the initial stages, which led to delayed LFG collection and substantial fugitive LFG emissions. Additionally, the time distribution of GHG emissions from HFWC MSW was significantly different from that of low-food-waste-content (LFWC) MSW landfills, with peak emissions occurring much earlier. Owing to the rapid degradation characteristics of HFWC MSW, the cumulative LFG production of the landfill by 2022 (2 years after the final cover) was projected to reach 77 % of the total LFG potential. In contrast, it would take until 2030 for LFWC MSW landfills to reach this level. Furthermore, various scenarios were analyzed, in which if the rapid LFG generation characteristics of HFWC MSW are known in advance, and relevant facilities are constructed ahead of time, the collection efficiency can be improved from 31 % to over 78 %, resulting in less GHG emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Torrefaction of municipal solid waste to enhanced hydrophobic solid fuel: parametric optimisation and optimised torrefied solid products characterisation, grindability, and pyrolysis behaviour.
- Author
-
Abdulyekeen, Kabir Abogunde, Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan, Patah, Muhamad Fazly Abdul, and Abnisa, Faisal
- Abstract
Rapid population growth has led to more municipal solid waste (MSW), which can be turned into energy. But direct MSW utilisation generates tar in gasification, produces water and acid contents in pyrolysis bio-oil, and releases secondary pollutants during combustion. Torrefaction solves the issues associated with direct MSW utilisation. This work optimised torrefaction process parameters (T: 220–300°C and t: 10–50 min) for torrefied solid fuels (TSF) production using response surface methodology and studied the characteristics, grindability, and pyrolysis behaviour of the optimised TSF. Temperature and time influenced the TSF calorific value (CV) and mass yield (Y
S ), with temperature effect more compared to time. The CV increased with torrefaction severity. 25.94 MJ/kg and 17.94 MJ/kg CV were obtained at T300-50 (300°C, 50 min) and T222-13 (222°C, 13 min), respectively. YS gave an opposite trend with 97.52% and 51.58% at T222-13 and T300-50, respectively. The optimum condition was achieved at T282-19 with 21.97 MJ/kg CV and 70.10% YS . T300-50 and T282-19 CV and carbon content increased, while O/C and H/C ratios reduced. The removal of the OH group hindered H bond formation, consequently improving MSW hydrophobicity. T300-50 and T282-19 pyrolysis kinetics activation energy decreased from 240.44 to 104.34 and 195.46 kJ/mol, respectively, confirming optimised TSF pyrolysis reactivity improvement. The Criado and Coats Redfern models showed that all the samples followed the second-order reaction mechanism. Torrefaction improved the thermal, reactivity, and grindability properties of MSW. These findings showed the potential of torrefaction to transform MSW into a renewable and sustainable energy source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Four-decades evolutionary development of municipal solid waste management in China: Implications for sustainable waste management and circular economy.
- Author
-
Yu, Tianxu, Liao, Chenglin, Stanisavljevic, Nemanja, Li, Lei, Peng, Xuya, Gao, Xiaofeng, Yue, Dongbei, and Wang, Xiaoming
- Subjects
CIRCULAR economy ,WASTE management ,SOLID waste ,EVOLUTIONARY economics ,EMERGING markets ,SOLID waste management - Abstract
This study collected data on waste generation and management in China between 1979 and 2020 from government statistics and literature and reviewed the development of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in China. The extended stochastic impact by regression on population, affluence and technology (STIRPAT) model was employed to identify the driving forces of MSW generation, and the cointegration analysis showed that economy (0.35, t = −3.47), industrial structure (3.34, t = −20.77) and urbanization (−1.5, t = 5.678) were the significant socioeconomic driving forces in the long run. By employing the framework of evolutionary economics, this study then investigated the internal rules of long-term interaction between socioeconomic factors and MSW management. The results indicate that, in the long run, MSW management development can be viewed as an evolutionary process that includes a continuous adaptation to external socioeconomic factors and the co-evolution of internal institutions and technologies. Adaptation and diversity of institutions and technologies play an important role in achieving sustainable waste management and circular economy (CE). This study offers a novel evolutionary perspective for explaining dynamic changes of MSW management in China, as well as recommendations for emerging economies to achieve sustainable waste management and CE goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Municipal Solid Waste Challenges in Ethiopia and Valorizing the Potential of the Organic Waste Fraction for Composting and Bioenergy.
- Author
-
Debele, Abu Duguma, Fereja, Workineh Mengesha, and Delele, Mulugeta Admasu
- Subjects
- *
SOLID waste management , *WASTE minimization , *WASTE recycling , *WASTE management , *SOLID waste - Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management in developing nations, particularly Ethiopia, faces considerable issues, including high generation and low collection rates, unsafe disposal practices, and inadequate reuse and recycling efforts. This review looks into the current status of these challenges and possibilities for valorizing the potential of the organic fraction of MSW through composting and bioenergy. Aligned with global sustainability goals and emphasizing the promotion of resource efficiency and waste reduction, this review aims to identify the major challenges of MSW management in Ethiopia and valorize the MSW organic fraction to describe sustainable waste management solutions. The review process comprised a systematic approach through a comprehensive literature search of credible databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed from 2012 to 2023. To ensure relevance and reduce bias, 63 relevant studies were selected from an initial pool of 200 papers via a rigorous screening process utilizing the PRISMA protocol. The assessment of study quality with the AMSTAR‐2 improved the accuracy and reliability of the review's conclusions. The authors reviewed various challenges associated with MSW in Ethiopia, including MSW generation and collection rates, composition issues, and disposal technologies. A lack of community awareness and cooperation were identified as significant barriers to successful waste management practices in Ethiopia. This review also evaluated the viability of valorizing the organic fraction of MSW through bioenergy production and community‐level composting as sustainable alternatives. The findings of this review provide valuable insights and evidence‐based recommendations for addressing MSW concerns in Ethiopia. The findings can also serve to shape policy formulation, research goals, and practical interventions focused on enhancing solid waste management practices in developing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Optimizing refuse-derived fuel production: a review of pre-treatment techniques for municipal solid waste reclamation.
- Author
-
Ganesan, Sowndharya and Vedagiri, Praveena
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABILITY , *CLEAN energy , *WASTE salvage , *REFUSE as fuel , *ENERGY consumption , *BRIQUETS - Abstract
The interplay between economic growth and energy consumption naturally drives an escalating demand for energy. However, this surge in demand has prompted concerns due to the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, overdependence on such fuels, and their detrimental environmental impacts. Consequently, there has been a spotlight on a novel biomass fuel emerging in recent years. In order to support sustainable waste management practices, this study examines the effectiveness of several pre-treatment techniques in increasing the production of sustainable energy from municipal solid waste (MSW). Globally, MSW generation is projected to reach around 2.1–2.3 billion tons per year by 2025. Annually, MSW around the world contains almost 170 billion metric tons of biomass. Due to the complex nature and variability of these MSW, optimizing manufacturing necessitates a suitable preliminary treatment. This review synthesizes the major findings and insights about the effectiveness of various pre-treatment processes, their impact on briquette features, and their potential for wider implementation in MSW management strategies by a thorough analysis of the existing literature. The objective of this review is to stimulate additional research and real-world implementations in the waste management field by illuminating these innovative sustainable solutions. Municipal solid waste feature, its generation, and the diverse waste-to-energy (WtE) conversion technologies employed to create energy from waste were discussed. Researchers, decision-makers, and practitioners involved in waste-to-energy conversion as a substitute energy source will find this review to be a useful resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Characterization of Long‐Term Municipal Solid Waste Constitutive Behavior With Coupled Biodegradation and Fibrous Reinforcing Effects.
- Author
-
Li, Xiulei, Yang, Chunwei, Zhang, Yuchen, Li, Yuping, Shi, Jianyong, and Sun, Yanan
- Subjects
- *
STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) , *STRAIN hardening , *SHEAR strain , *SOLID waste , *SHEAR strength - Abstract
ABSTRACT To appropriately simulate the long‐term mechanical behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW), a constitutive model coupling the effects of biodegradation and fibrous reinforcement was developed. In the proposed model, the compressive deformation due to biodegradation was regarded as being caused by an additional equivalent stress. Considering the effect of biodegradation, an evolution equation of the equivalent stress was proposed, and a plastic volumetric strain hardening law was developed. A fibrous reinforcement parameter was introduced, which was associated with the fiber content, stress state, and plastic shear strain of MSW. A plastic shear strain hardening law was developed to model the fibrous reinforcement. Based on the associated flow rule and two plastic strain hardening laws, the proposed model was established. The proposed model well simulated the hardening properties of MSW, as evidenced by the stress‒strain curves and the consistent, nonlinear increase in volumetric strain with axial strain. The differences in the shear strength and volumetric deformation due to the confining stress and fiber content were also well simulated by the model. Furthermore, the model predictions accurately reflected the findings of experiments conducted over a period of 10 years. Finally, parametric investigations were used to calibrate this proposed model, which can well characterize the long‐term MSW mechanical behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Municipal solid waste governance: development and application of an index embodying the Global South context.
- Author
-
Sasahara, Camila, Rodrigues, Letícia Stevanato, Cetrulo, Tiago Balieiro, Gimenez, Bianca Gabani, Alencar, Melanie Vianna, Elliff, Carla Isobel, Cetrulo, Natália Molina, Gonçalves Dias, Sylmara Lopes Francelino, Conti, Luis Americo, Scrich, Vitória Milanez, and Turra, Alexander more...
- Subjects
SOLID waste ,MARINE debris ,DEVELOPING countries ,SOCIAL participation ,PUBLIC services - Abstract
Introduction: The quality of municipal solid waste governance is a key public issue associated with environmental, social, and health concerns that still demands appropriate indicators to encompass different policy, management, and data availability settings worldwide. This study aimed to develop and apply a Municipal Solid Waste Governance Index (MSWGI) to support the monitoring and assessment of the ultimate factors that influence the performance of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in municipalities, incorporating particularities of Global South countries. Methods: The development of the MSWGI comprised two approaches: (1) the establishment of a general theoretical framework with the identification of dimensions for monitoring MSW governance and (2) the development and application of the index using Brazil as a study case. The latter was accomplished through five incremental steps: (i) data selection and data quality analysis, (ii) data normalization and definition of data scores, (iii) data weighting and aggregation through statistical and participatory methods, (iv) data classification and, finally, (v) visualization of the index and its dimensions. Based on a broad literature review, three dimensions were proposed as the framework of the MSWGI: (i) regulatory quality (e.g., laws), (ii) voice and accountability (e.g., access to information; existence and functioning of the municipal council for the environment), and (iii) government effectiveness (e.g., financial and human resources; execution of government programs). A case study was then carried out with the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities to showcase the application and relevance of the MSWGI in a Global South context. Results: Despite the high regulatory quality condition in Brazil, this was not reflected in the MSWGI. In general, most municipalities have high (31.4%) and very high (23.7%) regulatory quality, contrasting low voice and accountability (32.4%), and medium government effectiveness (27.8%), the latter associated with the low quality of public services performed in municipalities. The index was also negatively influenced by the precarious mechanisms and structure of social participation; high levels of informality in the recycling sector, and low completeness and consistency of databases. The MSWGI was associated with socioeconomic development, and its concept and dimensions captured the complexities associated with MSW management. Discussion: The index, and the approach behind it, can be used as an objective tool to improve databases and the enabling conditions to foster MSW governance and management, while also creating indicators to assess its progress, facing the policy implementation gaps that are common to Global South countries. Also, rather than presenting an index to be directly transposed and applied to other locations, the steps of a strategy for generating an MSWGI from existing data were outlined. In this sense, this study creates mechanisms to refine these indicators within data-deficient context, presenting strategies that can be broadly applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Hybrid Modeling Techniques for Municipal Solid Waste Forecasting: An Application to OECD Countries.
- Author
-
Chellai, Fatih
- Subjects
- *
WASTE minimization , *WASTE management , *WASTE recycling , *SOLID waste , *STATISTICAL smoothing - Abstract
Accurate forecasting of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is critical for effective waste management, given the rising volumes of waste posing environmental and public health challenges. This study investigates the efficacy of hybrid forecasting models in predicting MSW generation trends across Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The empirical analysis utilizes five distinct approaches – ARIMA, Theta model, neural networks, exponential smoothing state space (ETS), and TBATS models. MSW data spanning 1995–2021 for 29 OECD nations are analyzed using the hybrid models and benchmarked against individual ARIMA models. The results demonstrate superior predictive accuracy for the hybrid models across multiple error metrics, capturing complex data patterns and relationships missed by individual models. The forecasts project continued MSW generation growth in most countries but reveal nuanced country-level differences as well. The implications for waste management policies include implementing waste reduction and recycling programs, investing in infrastructure and technology, enhancing public education, implementing pricing incentives, rigorous monitoring and evaluation of practices, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. However, uncertainties related to model selection and data limitations warrant acknowledgment. Overall, this study affirms the value of hybrid forecasting models in providing robust insights to inform evidence-based waste management strategies and transition toward sustainability in the OECD region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Characterisation of soil-like material restored from landfill mining activities in Indian cities.
- Author
-
P, Devahi, Rathod, Deendayal, and Muthukkumaran, Kasinathan
- Subjects
- *
MINE waste , *COPPER , *LEAD , *SOLID waste , *CITIES & towns , *SOIL pollution , *HEAVY metals - Abstract
This paper demonstrates the characteristics of soil-like material extracted from the landfill mining activity at the Ariyamangalam dump yard, located in Tiruchirappalli city of southern India. The landfill mining waste was collected and characterised for contaminant potential, thereby its suitability for reuse applications offsite. Soil-like materials of size fractions finer than 2 mm have been assessed for their physico-chemical characteristics and compared the acceptability criterion with the drinking standard IS 10500: 2012. Total soluble solids and closely associated parameters have been determined in the water extract from soil-like materials and local soils and compared with the international regulatory standards for reuse acceptability. From the total heavy metal concentration of soil-like material and local soil, three different pollution indices, namely contamination ratio, geo-accumulation index, and enrichment factor, have been identified and categorised soil-like material as low contaminated for lead; low to moderately contaminated for chromium, nickel, and iron; moderately contaminated for manganese; and moderately to strongly contaminated for copper and zinc. The organic and moisture content of soil-like material was reported as 22 and 19.6%, whereas the local soil showed 2.4 and 1.5%, respectively. Due to its enormous organic content, soil-like materials pose as less efficient in utilising offsite applications without primary treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Study on the Quality Improvement of Mixed Municipal Solid Waste by Greenhouse Blackout Tarp with Biodrying System.
- Author
-
Widyarsana, I. Made Wahyu and Sevina, Raisa
- Subjects
WASTE management ,WASTE products as fuel ,SOLID waste ,CIVIC improvement ,LANDFILLS - Abstract
At the end of 2020, Talang Gulo Landfill Site 1 in Jambi City was officially closed due to overcapacity. Municipal solid waste disposal has shifted to the Talang Gulo site 2 with a life expectancy of ± 90 years based on the design plan. However, this is difficult to realize because segregation and composting are not optimal, so more than 90% of the waste transported to the final processing site (TPA) is in a landfill. Thus, landfill mining was executed to utilize excavated landfill waste as a material and energy. It was carried out at depths of 3, 5, and 7 meters with an estimated sample age of > 9 years. The mixed landfill samples contained 55.6-66.2% moisture content, 50.3-80.6% volatile content, 19.4-49.7% ash content, 2.6-4.2% fixed carbon, and 3.5-5.7 MJ/kg calorific value. Furthermore, the landfill waste was dried using the biodrying method, combining fresh and landfill waste in the pile composition. The ratio of landfill waste to the addition of fresh waste is 1:0 (control pile), 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The drying method reduced moisture content of 9-29.1% with a lower calorific value of 5-6.8 MJ/kg. Based on statistical analysis, it is known that waste ratio has a significant effect on moisture content. Based on the weighting results, the optimum mixture ratio is 1:1 (pile 2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Characterization of municipal solid waste with the perspective of biofuels and bioproducts recovery in Northeast Mexico.
- Author
-
Martínez, Rodolfo Daniel Silva, Jiménez, Lourdes Díaz, Juárez, Oscar Aguilar, and Hernández, Salvador Carlos
- Abstract
This work focuses on analyzing the physical composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) and the physicochemical characterization of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) in a city in Northeast Mexico to propose an adequate treatment and valorization system. Diverse samples were analyzed over 5 months at the city of Saltillo landfill, where the daily discarded MSW was classified into household (HW), central market waste (CMW), and public areas and parks waste (PPW). For the HW and CMW, the fraction with the highest proportion was the organic residues from food products, with 22.15 and 25.78%, followed by other organic wastes (manure, yard waste, leaves, etc.) at 12.58 and 10.24%, respectively. Furthermore, the organic fraction was segregated from the rest of the MSW and classified into four subtypes, and their physical composition and physicochemical characteristics were determined. The results contribute to laying the foundations for the proper treatment of the OFMSW not just in the studied region but also in cities with similar conditions. Moreover, the OFMSW's feasibility in treating via bioenergy technologies is revealed, and this research proposes a biorefinery treatment pathway through dark fermentation followed by high solids anaerobic digestion generating bioenergy and diverse bioproducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN SANITARY LANDFILLS.
- Author
-
Drudi, Ricardo, Rosa Drudi, Kelly Cristina, dos Anjos Silva, Ísis, Colato Antonio, Graziella, and de Campos Leite, Juliana Tófano
- Subjects
WASTE products as fuel ,SANITARY landfills ,BIOGAS production ,ENERGY consumption ,LEAST squares - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. PREPARATION OF SAMPLING PLAN FOR THE GRAVIMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLID WASTE FROM THE MUNICIPALITY OF ITAQUAQUECETUBA.
- Author
-
Rosa Drudi, Kelly Cristina, Drudi, Ricardo, da Silva Alcantara Fratta, Kelly Danielly, Antonio Zanineti, Graziella Colato, and de Campos Leite, Juliana Tofano
- Subjects
INTEGRATED waste management ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SOLID waste ,BIOMASS ,STANDARDS - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. A critical review of municipal solid waste hydraulic conductivity: A mini review.
- Author
-
Karimi, Sajjad, Bareither, Christopher A., and Scalia IV, Joseph
- Subjects
SIZE reduction of materials ,SOLID waste ,LANDFILLS ,TORTUOSITY ,COMPACTING - Abstract
This study is a critical review of municipal solid waste (MSW) hydraulic conductivity that includes investigation of the influence of vertical stress, dry unit weight and degradation. A total of 56 studies were compiled that included laboratory-, pilot- and landfill-scale hydraulic conductivity experiments. Compacting waste and increasing vertical stress reduce MSW hydraulic conductivity via reshaping the pore networks throughout the waste matrix, reducing the void ratio and increasing tortuosity. However, the magnitude of reduction in hydraulic conductivity is dependent on stress, waste composition and decomposition. Solid waste decomposition can have opposing effects on hydraulic conductivity. Some studies have indicated that an increase in MSW decomposition results in particle size reduction and settlement that reduces the void ratio and decreases hydraulic conductivity. Conversely, some studies indicate that waste decomposition reduces the solid mass, which increases the void ratio and creates larger flow paths that increase hydraulic conductivity. The data compilation, observations and key findings from this study are beneficial for solid waste practitioners to improve design, analysis and operation of MSW landfills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Acidogenic Fermentation of Organic Residual Solids: Effect of Different Alkaline Sources on pH, Alkalinity, and Fermentation Performance.
- Author
-
Ramos-Suarez, Maria, Zhang, Yue, and Heaven, Sonia
- Subjects
ORGANIC wastes ,SOLID waste ,ANAEROBIC digestion ,BACTERIAL population ,FATTY acids ,UREA - Abstract
Acidogenic fermentation (AF) of wastes provides a biological route to volatile fatty acids (VFA) production as an alternative to fossil hydrocarbons. As VFA are acidic in nature, the pH in AF typically drops, affecting the fermentation performance. The effect of different alkaline substances such as urea, NaOH, or CaCO
3 on AF of organic residual solids (ORS), a food waste-rich fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW), was studied. Enzymes were used as an additive in simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) experiments. Use of urea (66 mg Urea g−1 TS) in SHF resulted in a VFA yield of 0.14 g VFA g−1 VS after 6 days, 177% higher than the control (no urea addition). pH and ammonia concentrations significantly influenced the bacterial population distribution. In SHF using NaOH/CaCO3 , added alkalinity of 11 g CaCO3 L−1 did not influence VFA yields or pH control with NaOH addition at pH 7 or higher. This study demonstrates that, while increasing pH up to 8.5 using different alkaline substances improves VFA production, higher pH is detrimental to SHF due to enzyme inhibition. Finally, the use of urea as an alkaline source must be considered carefully as the acidic pH naturally reached by AF can inhibit urea hydrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Sustainability and Environmental Performance in Selective Collection of Residual Materials: Impact of Modulating Citizen Participation Through Policy and Incentive Implementation.
- Author
-
Fontaine, Laurie, Legros, Robert, and Frayret, Jean-Marc
- Subjects
WASTE management ,RECYCLABLE material ,SUSTAINABILITY ,SOLID waste ,POLITICAL participation - Abstract
The effective management of urban waste represents a growing challenge in the face of demographic evolution and increased consumption. This study explores the impacts of municipal strategic decisions on household waste management behaviours and sustainability performance outcomes through agent-based modelling. Using data from Gatineau and Beaconsfield in Quebec, Canada, the model is calibrated and validated to represent diverse urban contexts. Our analysis demonstrates that reducing collection frequency leads to notable increases in participation rates, reaching 78.2 ± 5.1% for collections every two weeks and 96.5 ± 8.3% for collections every five weeks. While this reduction improves bin filling levels, it concurrently decreases the recovery of recyclable materials by 2.8% and 19.5%, significantly undermining the environmental benefits of the recycling program. These findings highlight a complex interplay between collection frequency, citizen participation behaviour, waste stream characteristics, and overall environmental performance. While reducing collection frequency initially appears beneficial, it leads to operational challenges and increased CO
2 emissions due to reduced material recovery. The research emphasises the need for tailored holistic waste management strategies that optimise performance outcomes while minimising environmental impacts. By understanding these dynamics, municipalities can develop more effective waste management policies that promote sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Circular Economy: Municipal Solid Waste and Landfilling Analyses in Slovakia.
- Author
-
Tokarčíková, Emese, Ďurišová, Mária, and Trojáková, Terézia
- Subjects
SOLID waste management ,CIRCULAR economy ,ECONOMIC forecasting ,WASTE management ,SOLID waste - Abstract
The pursuit of shifting Slovakia towards a circular economy is met with a multitude of obstacles, including the pervasive consumerist mindset among Slovakians. This mindset favors packaged food, leading to its improper disposal in municipal waste instead of being recycled. Furthermore, the inclination towards landfills poses a significant challenge in the management of municipal solid waste (MSW). To address this issue, a quantitative analysis was conducted using developed and validated models, incorporating various factors related to MSW management in Slovakia. Our study confirmed the significance of parameters such as MSW management costs and population size in the amount of MSW generated. Furthermore, our findings include a short-term forecast for MSW generation in Slovakia for the next two years. These results, based on quantitative data, provide valuable insights for policymakers and waste management authorities in Slovakia, emphasizing the urgent need for a transition towards a more sustainable and circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Hydrogen production from sorption-enhanced steam gasification of municipal solid waste using Ni-Ca-Al bi-functional catalysts.
- Author
-
Sun, Ziwei, Tang, Yuting, Tang, Jiehong, Liu, Hongyu, Chen, Weilong, Deng, Jingmin, Huang, Haohang, and Ma, Xiaoqian
- Subjects
- *
SOLID waste , *WASTE recycling , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *CALCIUM aluminate , *ADSORPTION capacity - Abstract
Sorption-enhanced steam gasification (SESG) has the potential to increase hydrogen (H 2) yield and facilitate the utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW) resource. However, the application of SESG technology in MSW still has broad research space. Therefore, this study innovatively used simulated MSW for gasification experiments. The bi-functional catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method. In the CO 2 cyclic adsorption test, Ni0.1CA3 exhibited the highest total adsorption capacity, with 75% of the initial adsorption capacity still preserved. In the SESG test, Ni0.1CA3 showed excellent catalytic performance and the H 2 yield reached 31.69 mmol/g MSW. In addition, Ni0.1CA3 also demonstrated good stability and low carbon deposition in the SESG cycles. This could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the well-structured surface, appropriate basic sites, and calcium aluminate skeleton in Ni0.1CA3. This study served as a reference for the production of high-purity H 2 through the gasification of MSW, aligning with the development direction of green finance policy. [Display omitted] • MSW gasification realized the resource utilization of solid waste. • Ni0.1CA3 retained 75% of initial capacity after 10 CO 2 adsorption cycles. • Ni0.1CA3 showed superior hydrogen production potential in SESG of MSW. • The highest H 2 gas concentration reached 80.76 vol%. • The highest H 2 yield reached 31.69 mmol/g MSW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Measurement and coupling analysis of the efficiency of resource‐based treatment of municipal solid waste in Chengdu–Chongqing area.
- Author
-
Wang, Xianning, Zhou, Huiyan, and Liu, Juan
- Subjects
- *
DATA envelopment analysis , *CIRCULAR economy , *SOLID waste , *WASTE treatment , *CARBON cycle - Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is crucial for carbon cycle, residents' lives, and green circular economy development, but quantitative research is limited in efficiency and regional synergy. Considering the regional characteristics of Chengdu and Chongqing, this study establishes the input–output indicator system of MSW treatment in 16 cities in the Chengdu–Chongqing area, constructs the Data Envelopment Analysis model and the coupling coordination degree model, and makes an in‐depth study on the efficiency and environmental benefits of MSW resource treatment from 2012 to 2021. The research conclusion is as follows: first, the improvement of MSW treatment efficiency can be enhanced through reasonable policies and measures to promote sustainable urban development and socioeconomic benefits. The input and output levels of MSW treatment in 16 cities all show an upward trend. Second, the 16 MSW treatment systems have good average pure technical efficiency (Chongqing 0.9879, Chengdu 0.9805), average scale efficiency (Nanchong 0.9396), and average comprehensive efficiency (Nanchong 0.9148), but the overall comprehensive efficiency needs improvement. Third, in 2021, Chengdu's ecological and environmental benefits are better than Chongqing's, while Chongqing has a certain degree of input redundancy and output deficiency. Fourth, in the coupling analysis of resource treatment efficiency and environmental improvement benefits in Chengdu and Chongqing between 2012 and 2021, the coordination between resource treatment and environmental improvement in Chengdu lags behind that in Chongqing, but overall, the coupling is improving. Finally, suggestions for improving the efficiency of MSW resource treatment and promoting environmental improvement are presented from the front, middle, and back ends, respectively, to provide a reference for the policy‐making of city managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The reduction of the carbon footprint of municipal solid waste management via source classification and supporting strategies: An analysis for the megacity of Shenzhen.
- Author
-
Zhang, Lei, Li, Huan, Hu, Tao, Du, Xinrui, Zhou, Yingjun, Sun, Guofen, and Liu, Jianguo
- Subjects
- *
SOLID waste management , *FOOD waste recycling , *CARBON emissions , *WASTE management , *PLASTIC recycling - Abstract
• Carbon footprint was used to evaluate the effect of source classification. • Unit carbon emission decreased to 0.14 t CO 2 -eq/t MSW after source classification. • The MSW management system is a carbon sink due to energy and material recovery. • Transportation contributes little to the total carbon emissions of the whole system. • Landfill gas utilization and plastic recycling were the two determining factors. Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is a critical concern in megacities that depend heavily on external material and energy inputs but lack space for waste disposal. MSW treatment is a significant contributor to carbon emissions. The implementation of source classification improved the overall MSW management system and enhanced resource recovery from MSW. However, the precise contribution of source classification to carbon emissions reduction remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the carbon emissions evolution in the MSW management of Shenzhen, a prototypical megacity in China, using data from 2006 to 2020 and employing carbon footprint assessment methodologies. The results demonstrated that source classification reduced the carbon emissions from 0.19–0.25 to 0.14–0.18 t CO 2 -eq/t MSW when considering the contribution of the urban environmental sanitation management department. The entire MSW management system becomes a carbon sink when considering recyclables collected by commercial enterprises. Although the source classification complicated the collection and transportation of MSW, the carbon offset effect of recycling food waste and recyclables was more significant than that of carbon emissions from collection and transport. Moreover, the landfill gas recovery rate critically influenced the carbon emissions of landfill-based MSW management systems. In contrast, the recovery of plastics was crucial for determining carbon emissions from incineration-based MSW management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Shotgun metagenomic analysis reveals the diversity of PHA producer bacterial community and PHA synthase gene in Addis Ababa municipal solid waste disposal area 'Qoshe'.
- Author
-
Mamo, Zuriash, Abera, Sewunet, and Tafesse, Mesfin
- Subjects
WASTE disposal sites ,SUSTAINABILITY ,GENETIC variation ,SOLID waste ,SHOTGUN sequencing ,BACTERIAL diversity - Abstract
Background: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are naturally produced biopolymers with significant scientific and biotechnological potential. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of the PHA-producing bacterial community and PhaC genes in soil samples collected from a municipal solid waste disposal site known as "Qoshe" in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using a shotgun metagenomics approach. The SqueezeMeta pipeline was used to analyze the microbial community in the waste samples. A CD search against the TIGRFAM protein family database was performed to identify the complete-length multidomain sequences of PhaC genes and classify them into their respective classes. Statistical analysis and data visualization were performed using RStudio with R version 4.2.3. Results: The findings of this study suggest that known and unknown taxa likely contribute to the phaC genes of municipal solid waste. Taxonomic profiling of the metagenomic data revealed that the majority of the PHA-producing taxa belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria (80%), followed by Actinomycetota (16.5%). Furthermore, this study identified Thiomonas and unclassified Mycobacterium as the main contributors to class I PhaC genes. Class II PhaC genes are predominantly associated with the Pseudomonadaceae family, followed by unclassified Hyphomicrobials and Acidimicrobiales. Class III PhaC genes are abundantly related to the Methylococcaceae family, specifically the Methylocaldum genus. The analysis of PhaC gene sequences revealed high level of diversity, with a significant proportion of putative PhaC genes exhibiting low sequence identity with each other and PhaC gene in the database. Notably, the sequence variation observed within the same PhaC gene classes suggests the potential presence of previously unidentified PhaC gene variants. Conclusions: Overall, this research improves our understanding of the diversity of PHA-producing taxa and PhaC genes in municipal solid waste environments, providing opportunities for sustainable PHA production and waste management strategies. However, additional studies, including the isolation and characterization of specific strains, are necessary to confirm the PHA production capabilities of these strains and explore their biotechnological potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Valorization of Date Molasses and Municipal Solid Waste for the Production of Cellulases by Trichoderma reesei Al-K1 149 in a Tray Reactor.
- Author
-
Alarjani, Khaloud Mohammed, Elshikh, Mohamed S., Alghmdi, Mai Ahmad, Arokiyaraj, Selvaraj, and Ponnuswamy, Vijayaraghavan
- Abstract
The main aim of this study is to utilize municipal solid waste (MSW) and date molasses as a culture medium to reduce the production cost of enzymes. A novel cellulase-producing fungus, Trichoderma reesei Al-K1 149, was isolated from the date molasses. MSW and date molasses were processed and used as the substrate (1:1 ratio) in solid-state fermentation. The proximate composition of the substrate revealed that the MSW was enriched with cellulostic material and contributed about 33% of the available biomass. Elements such as Ca, K, S, P, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Na were found in the MSW. Fungal cellulase production was at its maximum after 96 h of incubation with the yields of β-glucanase (98 ± 3.9 U/gds), carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) (241 ± 12.8 U/gds), and filter paperase (FPase) (31.2 ± 3.1 U/gds). The combination of municipal solid waste and date molasses was found to be the best source of nitrogen and carbon for the biosynthesis of cellulase by T. reesei Al-K1 149. The optimal temperature and moisture content of the medium for cellulase production by T. reesei Al-K1 149 were 40 °C and 60%, respectively. The optimal pH and inoculum were 6.0 and 8% (v/w), respectively. The optimized culture condition was used to produce cellulases in a laboratory-scale tray reactor, and enzyme production was enhanced twofold compared to the unoptimized medium. The cellulolytic ability was tested in biomass saccharification with various plant materials (palm sawdust, palm leaves, palm fruit waste, and filter paper) and saccharified plant materials effectively. These findings revealed that the enzymes secreted by strain Al-K1 149 may have significant value for the industrial saccharification process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Metal Analysis of Leachate from the Organic Fraction of Urban Solid Waste (MSW) from the Municipality of Belém/PA.
- Author
-
Mathews, Josiane Coutinho, da Costa Assunção, Fernanda Paula, Pereira, Diogo Oliveira, da Silva, Jéssica Cristina Conte, Almeida, Fernando Felipe Soares, Almeida, Aline Christian Pimentel, Mendonça, Neyson Martins, de Sousa Brandão, Isaque Wilkson, Menezes, André Oliveira, Borges, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro, Ferreira, Jorge Fernando Hungria, Pereira, José Almir Rodrigues, and Machado, Nélio Teixeira more...
- Abstract
In this study, the analysis of metals in the solubilized extract of the organic fraction of Urban Solid Waste (MSW) from the municipality of Belém do Pará was carried out. The waste used in this research was collected in residential areas, through door-to-door collection, with the points and neighborhoods served in the municipality of Belém determined by the sectorization of these locations, with family income as the main parameter. The MSW was collected and transported to the segregation area. Gravimetric analysis of MSW was carried out and the selected organic and paper fractions were subjected to drying, crushing and sieving pre-treatment. Next, the solubilized extract of the organic fraction of MSW was obtained following the method set out in NBR nº 10.006/2004 of the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards. The values obtained were compared with CONAMA Resolutions n° 357/2005, 396/2008 and 430/2011, in addition to being compared with results of bibliographical research. The results indicated that these wastes do not comply with environmental and health regulations. Although a highly significant association was found between chromium and boron through Pearson's correlation, the remaining strong correlations between other elements did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, a similarity was observed in the solubilization conditions of these wastes with those found in landfill leachate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Applying cultural perspective in Indonesia municipal solid waste management process towards a grounded climate concept and action: A mini-review of opportunities and challenges.
- Author
-
Resolute, Prisilia
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC knowledge ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,SOLID waste ,TECHNICAL reports ,LOCAL knowledge ,SOLID waste management - Abstract
This mini-review emphasises the role of municipal solid waste (MSW) as the biggest contributor to climate change, as well as the need for more grounded climate action. The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 2023 Synthesis Report by the co-facilitators on the technical dialogue Key Finding 3 of applying the 'whole-of-society' approach in this article is interpreted as a cultural approach in MSW management planning and implementation process. Using anthropological critiques of development, the cultural approach is frequently considered an obstacle or a justification for a project's failure rather than an important aspect of the people being developed. Therefore, the goal of this mini-review is to showcase the findings and explore the practical application of UNFCCC Key Finding 3, emphasising its importance in every phase of the solid waste management process for climate action. This mini-review argues that applying a cultural perspective presents both opportunities and challenges. More importantly, without careful acknowledgement and consideration, opportunities can become challenges, if not vice versa. The discussion section explores the ways in which religious and economic conditions might offer a contextual understanding and effective techniques for managing MSW at the local level. To apply Key Finding 3 in practice, academia needs to move away from generality and embrace multiple 'modernities', while practitioners also need to include cultural perspectives to complement scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Effect of Sewage Sludge Addition on the Co-Combustion Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration.
- Author
-
Wu, Hao, Zhu, Lingxia, Cai, Jianjun, and Lv, Huijuan
- Subjects
COMBUSTION efficiency ,SOLID waste ,DEBYE temperatures ,SEWAGE sludge ,CO-combustion ,INCINERATION - Abstract
This study employs a numerical computation model based on a municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator in Nanning to investigate the impact of different sewage sludge (SS) co-combustion ratios and MSW incinerator temperatures on combustion efficiency. Using the FLUENT simulation method, this study systematically analyzes the distribution characteristics of the temperature field, velocity field, and pollutant concentration field within the furnace under various SS mixing ratios (5%, 7%, 10%, and 15%) and MSW incinerator temperatures (800 K, 1000 K, and 1200 K). The simulation results indicate that the combustion efficiency was optimal at an MSW incinerator temperature of 800 K, where the co-combustion of SS with MSW mixed effectively, leading to a stable and efficient combustion process. Furthermore, an SS co-combustion ratio of 7% was identified as the most effective in maintaining high combustion efficiency. These findings contribute to the optimization of co-combustion strategies for MSW and SS, enhancing both operational efficiency and environmental compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Dynamics in Physicochemical and Bacteriological Properties of Simulated Leachate from Dump Site Soil in Ikhueniro, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
- Author
-
Chinasa F Obute, Utibe A Ofon, Afam Dunkwu-Okafor, Uduak U Ndubuisi-Nnaji, and Uduak G Amaowoh
- Subjects
leachate ,microbial occurrence ,physicochemical changes ,open-dumpsite ,municipal solid waste ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Study’s Excerpt • The physicochemical and microbiological properties of leachate from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Ikhueniro, Edo State, Nigeria was investigated. • Results revealed significant correlations between bacterial counts and the degradation of organic matter. • There is a need for improved waste management strategies in the area. Full Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Nigeria faces significant challenges due to rapid urbanization and poor waste management practices. Leachate, the liquid generated from MSW, poses a major pollution threat to natural resources, including surface and groundwater, and adversely affects human health and hygiene. This study investigated the dynamics in physicochemical and microbiological properties of simulated leachate from dump site soil in Ikhueniro, Edo State, Nigeria using standard Microbiological testing techniques. Samples were collected from a non-sanitary open dumpsite in Ikhueniro, Edo State, Nigeria, and leachate was obtained by filtering 150 g of waste-impacted soil mixed with sterile distilled water (1000 mL). Over 28 days, microbial detection enumeration and physicochemical characterization were conducted on the filtrate leachate sample maintained in a rotary shaker at 28 °C and 150 rpm. Results indicated high densities of microbial contamination with total heterotrophic bacteria (1.5±0.5 to 6.9±1.0 × 104 CFUmL-1) and coliform (2.7±0.8 to 7.8±1.0 × 103 CFUmL-1) counts. These included potential pathogens like Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Yersinia spp. Physicochemical analyses revealed significant (p more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Enhanced biogas production from municipal solid waste via digestion with cow manure: A case study
- Author
-
Mohamed Zainab B., Fattah Mohammed Y., Shehab Esraa Q., and Shamkhy Ali G.
- Subjects
solid waste biogas ,anaerobic co-digestion ,municipal solid waste ,methane production ,biogas ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of feedstocks yields biogas, a potentially useful new energy source. This study looked into the anaerobic co-digestion of cow dung and organic garbage to produce biogas. An anaerobic biodigester, with a volume of 20 L, was used to digest organic waste (OW) and to trace the changes that occur during the AD process. It was equipped with tools that ensure complete control of the conditions affecting anaerobic biological reactions such as temperature, pH function, and mixing speed. Therefore, an anaerobic biodigester was designed to contain such biological transformations and to improve the biogas production process from OW. Based on the present investigation, the AD of OW was improved by integrating the substrate with sewage sludge or cow manure (CM) during the digestion process to provide the basic microorganisms to complete the digestion process. Feeding into the digester was a blend of 100 kg of cow dung (CM) and OW per day, diluted 1:1 with water. A gasbag was used to capture the methane that resulted. Biogas production began on the seventh day after the substrate was fed into the digester. A performance test was carried out on the produced biogas to determine its composition. For OW–CM, the generated biogas’s methane (CH4) concentration was determined to be 60%, but the rates of decline for TS and VS were 57 and 50.6%, respectively. Anaerobic biodegradation of OW–CM experiments was observed at 37°C, a mesophilic temperature. For OW–CM, the pH value was 6.7. After being adjusted to standard circumstances, the cumulative volume of methane produced which had been recorded as 4,914 mL became 3964.5 mL. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Measurement and coupling analysis of the efficiency of resource‐based treatment of municipal solid waste in Chengdu–Chongqing area
- Author
-
Xianning Wang, Huiyan Zhou, and Juan Liu
- Subjects
coupling coordination degree ,DEA method ,efficiency measurement ,municipal solid waste ,resource treatment ,Technology ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) is crucial for carbon cycle, residents' lives, and green circular economy development, but quantitative research is limited in efficiency and regional synergy. Considering the regional characteristics of Chengdu and Chongqing, this study establishes the input–output indicator system of MSW treatment in 16 cities in the Chengdu–Chongqing area, constructs the Data Envelopment Analysis model and the coupling coordination degree model, and makes an in‐depth study on the efficiency and environmental benefits of MSW resource treatment from 2012 to 2021. The research conclusion is as follows: first, the improvement of MSW treatment efficiency can be enhanced through reasonable policies and measures to promote sustainable urban development and socioeconomic benefits. The input and output levels of MSW treatment in 16 cities all show an upward trend. Second, the 16 MSW treatment systems have good average pure technical efficiency (Chongqing 0.9879, Chengdu 0.9805), average scale efficiency (Nanchong 0.9396), and average comprehensive efficiency (Nanchong 0.9148), but the overall comprehensive efficiency needs improvement. Third, in 2021, Chengdu's ecological and environmental benefits are better than Chongqing's, while Chongqing has a certain degree of input redundancy and output deficiency. Fourth, in the coupling analysis of resource treatment efficiency and environmental improvement benefits in Chengdu and Chongqing between 2012 and 2021, the coordination between resource treatment and environmental improvement in Chengdu lags behind that in Chongqing, but overall, the coupling is improving. Finally, suggestions for improving the efficiency of MSW resource treatment and promoting environmental improvement are presented from the front, middle, and back ends, respectively, to provide a reference for the policy‐making of city managers. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Modeling of methane emissions from waste disposal sites at selected Egyptian governorates and potential energy production from waste-to-energy projects
- Author
-
Shady Mohamed Naguib Mohamed Khafagy, Amr El Sammak, and Karim Emara
- Subjects
Municipal solid waste ,Waste-to-energy ,Methane ,Greenhouse gases ,Potential energy ,Incineration ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Waste and energy sectors have significant contributions to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused primarily by the population expansion. Waste-to-Energy (WtE) is introduced to address the issue raised by both sectors simultaneously through utilization of the potential energy stored in municipal solid waste (MSW) as well as offsetting GHG emissions. Limited research have been conducted in Egypt to assess the current situation of MSW management and associated methane emissions. The current study focused on estimating the baseline methane emissions for six Egyptian governorates and determining the energy production potential from WtE projects. To achieve this aim, three scenarios have been assessed: Baseline, Landfill Gas to Energy (LFGE), and Incineration scenarios. Key results revealed that a total of 3.7 million tonnes of methane would be emitted from all studied governorates generated over 50 years. Incineration also found to be more favorable in all governorates in terms of energy production, quantity of avoided GHG emissions, and in terms of economic viability over LFGE. Implementing incineration in all governorates would generate about 5.6 TWh energy annually and could avoid about 5 Mt CO2 eq annually in comparison to LFGE that would generate about 0.6 TWh annually and could avoid about 2.5 Mt CO2 eq annually. In terms of economic viability of WtE projects, while they were generally not economically viable under the assumptions made in the current study, incineration technology deemed promising, but policy adjustments, such as competitive Feed-in Tariff (FiT) rates and the inclusion of gate fees, are necessary. Specific minimum gate fees and FiT were identified for each governorate, providing essential guidance for decision makers to ensure the viability of WtE implementation. This study would support the decision makers in assessing technically and financially feasible options for WtE technologies in the selected governorates. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Shotgun metagenomic analysis reveals the diversity of PHA producer bacterial community and PHA synthase gene in Addis Ababa municipal solid waste disposal area ‘Qoshe’
- Author
-
Zuriash Mamo, Sewunet Abera, and Mesfin Tafesse
- Subjects
Polyhydroxyalkanoates ,Municipal solid waste ,Bacterial community ,Metagenomics ,Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase ,Shotgun sequencing ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are naturally produced biopolymers with significant scientific and biotechnological potential. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of the PHA-producing bacterial community and PhaC genes in soil samples collected from a municipal solid waste disposal site known as “Qoshe” in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using a shotgun metagenomics approach. The SqueezeMeta pipeline was used to analyze the microbial community in the waste samples. A CD search against the TIGRFAM protein family database was performed to identify the complete-length multidomain sequences of PhaC genes and classify them into their respective classes. Statistical analysis and data visualization were performed using RStudio with R version 4.2.3. Results The findings of this study suggest that known and unknown taxa likely contribute to the phaC genes of municipal solid waste. Taxonomic profiling of the metagenomic data revealed that the majority of the PHA-producing taxa belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria (80%), followed by Actinomycetota (16.5%). Furthermore, this study identified Thiomonas and unclassified Mycobacterium as the main contributors to class I PhaC genes. Class II PhaC genes are predominantly associated with the Pseudomonadaceae family, followed by unclassified Hyphomicrobials and Acidimicrobiales. Class III PhaC genes are abundantly related to the Methylococcaceae family, specifically the Methylocaldum genus. The analysis of PhaC gene sequences revealed high level of diversity, with a significant proportion of putative PhaC genes exhibiting low sequence identity with each other and PhaC gene in the database. Notably, the sequence variation observed within the same PhaC gene classes suggests the potential presence of previously unidentified PhaC gene variants. Conclusions Overall, this research improves our understanding of the diversity of PHA-producing taxa and PhaC genes in municipal solid waste environments, providing opportunities for sustainable PHA production and waste management strategies. However, additional studies, including the isolation and characterization of specific strains, are necessary to confirm the PHA production capabilities of these strains and explore their biotechnological potential. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Role of big data analytics and hyperspectral imaging in waste management for circular economy
- Author
-
Jacintha Menezes, Nadeesha Hemachandra, and Kate Isidro
- Subjects
Hyperspectral Imaging ,Big Data ,Waste Management ,Municipal Solid Waste ,Data Analytics ,Circular Economy ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract The accumulation of waste has a profound impact on the environment, prompting a crucial discussion about effective waste management strategies aligned with Oman Vision 2040’s sustainability goals. The consequences of municipal solid waste generation have multifaceted impacts on the environment, public health, and overall well-being of communities. Addressing these consequences requires a holistic approach that includes the integration of sustainable waste management technologies to foster a circular economy. This paper emphasizes the necessity for a paradigm shift in waste management methodologies, emphasizing the importance of Hyperspectral Imaging and Big Data Analytics into municipal solid waste management processes. This paper explores the synergistic relationship between hyperspectral imaging which is capable of precise material identification, and big data analytics to facilitate comprehensive data analysis. The integration aims to optimize waste segregation, resource recovery, and recycling processes. The utilization of data-driven insights enables predictive modeling and the identification of trends thereby facilitating more efficient and sustainable waste management practices. The harnessing of big data analytics empowers stakeholders to make informed decisions in waste management to achieve long-term environmental, and economic sustainability. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Recent Developments in Landfilling and Biodegradable Waste Management: A Case Study from the Czech Republic
- Author
-
Šonský Jan, Vaculík Petr, Kažimírová Viera, Altmann Vlastimil, and Zhao Shuran
- Subjects
biodegradation ,municipal solid waste ,landfill gas ,cogeneration ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
In accordance with EU legislation, the Czech Republic has been progressively implementing stringent regulations for the landfilling of municipal waste. The main reason is to facilitate the transition to circular economy and maximise material and energy utilisation. The aim of this study was to provide insights on biodegradable waste management in Czechia and to monitor changes related to landfilling at two distinct landfill sites in the Czech Republic fulfilling new legislation requirements. The analysis, underpinned by monitoring data on the amount and composition of waste landfilled from 2014 to 2023, has delineated a decline in the proportion of biodegradable waste. This trend aligns with that observed in other European countries. Furthermore, reduced energy production with a decreasing proportion of biodegradable waste in municipal solid waste was confirmed. The study points to the need for improved biodegradable waste separation, and it stands as a case study in the formulation of biodegradable waste strategies. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A route for energy recovery from municipal solid waste and developing a framework for waste management in Brunei Darussalam
- Author
-
Shahriar Shams, Jaya Narayan Sahu, and Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Subjects
Municipal solid waste ,Waste disposal ,Energy ,Waste management ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Brunei, similar to other nations, encounters difficulties in effectively managing solid waste, with 70% of the waste ending up in landfills, 2% through composting, and the remainder being disposed of through conventional methods. The current landfill site is anticipated to reach its maximum capacity in 2025. Energy recovery from waste is crucial for Brunei since it can improve waste management, mitigate environmental consequences, produce economic advantages, bolster energy security, and promote a circular economy. This study aims to identify the potential for energy recovery through landfill gas generated from solid waste disposal in Brunei Darussalam. The study finds that Brunei Darussalam can produce 129 thousand tonnes of CO2e/year landfill gas. Utilising gas to generate electricity of 367 GWh could save 1.6 million USD annually. In addition, it also identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the existing solid waste management in Brunei Darussalam. Furthermore, it formulates a waste management policy in Brunei Darussalam by identifying relevant stakeholders to overcome the weakness. Lastly, the framework for waste management is designed to consider short-, intermediate- and long-term goals and targets, with actions to be taken by respective stakeholders. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Enhancing sustainable solid waste management through separate source collection
- Author
-
O. Arabiyat, J.T. Al-Bakri, F. Kölsch, S. Al-Omari, and H. Aladwan
- Subjects
awareness raising ,cost analysis ,municipal solid waste ,recycling ,source segregation ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Municipal solid waste emerges as a pressing concern for environmental management and sustainability, particularly in urban areas with high rates of population growth and limited infrastructure. This study aims to assess the outputs and benefits of a separate source collection system, which separates recyclable materials at their point of origin. The study highlights the consequences of separate source collection on the community''s economic, environmental and social context. The study forms part of a project that intends to upscale sustainable and efficient waste management approaches in a transition towards a circular economy model that utilizes and recycles waste and materials. The objectives encompass addressing urban challenges and providing key insights for environmental management and sustainability through separate source collection systems that improve efficiency, reduce cost and encourage sustainable community practices.METHODS: The study was implemented in the Al-Radwan neighborhood in Amman, Jordan, and included 8,460 individuals and 3,124 households. Data on waste generation from residential and commercial activities were analyzed and used to design the separate source collection system, which included public awareness campaigns for individuals in the study area, waste composition investigations and maps for routes of waste collection trucks. Yellow and grey bins were used to collect recyclable and residual waste, respectively. Data on waste amount and composition were collected and interpreted for the 2020-2023 period. Data on fuel consumption, maintenance and depreciation were used to calculate the operational costs of separate source collection and the old system of municipal solid waste collection. Ground data were analyzed in terms of the individual''s and households'' adoption of waste-sorting practices. An overall assessment was carried out for the economic benefit of separate source collection.FINDINGS: Analyses of waste generation in the study area showed that the average quantity of municipal waste was 0.89 kilogram per capita per day, and there is a trend that shows an increase in municipal solid waste quantities with respect to time. A significant amount of municipal solid waste (60 percent) has an organic composition, while recyclable waste constitutes about 12.5 percent of the total municipal solid waste. The study was a success, with a consistent increase in recyclable waste collection at 59 percent average purity and a 30 percent decrease in total yearly waste collection costs. The project contributed to job creation and improved community participation in municipal solid waste management. The beneficial impacts of awareness campaigns were the low level of required maintenance with respect to the separate source collection system and the high level of public participation and cooperation, particularly in municipal solid waste sorting.CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the importance and effectiveness of the innovative separate source collection system and showed its economic and social benefits while considering its positive environmental impacts. The findings confirmed the system''s economic viability and applicability, showing its potential for large-scale adoption in Jordan. The adoption and implementation of separate source collection will be highly emphasized as it will be needed for solving issues associated with municipal solid waste via creative solutions that promote sustainability and community well-being. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Application of hybridized ensemble learning and equilibrium optimization in estimating damping ratios of municipal solid waste
- Author
-
Hossein Moradi Moghaddam, Mohsen Keramati, Alireza Bahrami, Ali Reza Ghanizadeh, Amir Tavana Amlashi, Haytham F. Isleem, Mohsen Navazani, and Samer Dessouky
- Subjects
Municipal solid waste ,Triaxial cyclic test ,Damping ,Ensemble learners ,Machine learning ,Equilibrium optimizer algorithm ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The dynamic analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) is essential for optimizing landfills and advancing sustainable development goals. Assessing damping ratio (D), a critical dynamic parameter, under laboratory conditions is costly and time-consuming, requiring specialized equipment and expertise. To streamline this process, this research leveraged several novel ensemble machine learning models integrated with the equilibrium optimizer algorithm (EOA) for the predictive analysis of damping characteristics. Data were gathered from 153 cyclic triaxial experiments on MSW, which examined the age, shear strain, weight, frequency, and percentage of plastic content. Analysis of a correlation heatmap indicated a significant dependence of D on shear strain within the collected MSW data. Subsequently, five advanced machine learning methods—adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and cubist regression—were employed to model D in landfill structures. Among these, the GBRT-EOA model demonstrated superior performance, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.898, root mean square error of 1.659, mean absolute error of 1.194, mean absolute percentage error of 0.095, and an a20-index of 0.891 for the test data. A Shapley additive explanation analysis was conducted to validate these models further, revealing the relative contributions of each studied variable to the predicted D-MSW. This holistic approach not only enhances the understanding of MSW dynamics but also aids in the efficient design and management of landfill systems. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Sustainable Composting of Vegetable Waste, Cow Dung, Grasses, and Food Wastes into Soil Amendment using Starter Culture and Growth Characteristics in Guava Plant
- Author
-
Selvaraj Arokiyaraj, Rajagopal Rajakrishnan, and Subhanandaraj Russalamma Flanetraj
- Subjects
municipal solid waste ,compost ,nutrients ,eco-friendly ,plant growth ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
The study aim was to optimise the C/N ratio, improve the compost quality, reduce pathogenic bacteria load in the compost, and improve guava yield. Vegetable wastes were mixed with cow dung, grasses, and food wastes in ratios of 4:3:2:1 (w/w) for achieving a C/N ratio of approximately 37. Co-composting is an important strategy because the mixture of bulking agents can help achieve optimal composting conditions. Experimental results were obtained from a pilot-scale rotary drum reactor with forced aeration. In the reactor, the temperature increased during the thermophilic phase (58±2 °C) and decreased after 10 days (54±2 °C). The pH values moderately increased, then decreased, and were near to neutral after maturation. The results indicated that co-composting of bio-wastes at a C/N ratio of 37.6%±1.02% could be effectively decomposed to reduce the residuals to just 13.6%±1.05% after 28 days. The microbial population increased in both mesophilic and thermophilic stages and decreased at the end of the composting, reflecting stability. The stable compost was applied to the growth of guava plant, and the yield was calculated. The organic compost improved plant growth, fruit yield, and enriched phytochemical compounds in the fruit and peels. The phytochemical compounds improved antioxidant activity in the guava fruits. more...
- Published
- 2024
39. Lithification of leachate from municipal solid waste landfills with blast furnace slag
- Author
-
Mariya A. Pashkevich and Yuliya A. Kulikova
- Subjects
metallurgical waste ,blast furnace slag ,municipal solid waste ,leachate from solid municipal waste landfills ,utilization of technogenic waste ,lithification ,bulk material ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
The article presents an alternative method of utilization of blast furnace slag and leachate from solid municipal waste landfills, the formation of which occurs during the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation through the thickness of deposited waste. The method is based on the conversion of leachate from the liquid phase to the solid aggregate state by lithification using blast furnace slag as an astringent material. The hydraulic activity of slag, which depends on the amount of oxides contained in it, has been estimated. The investigated slag belongs to the 3rd grade, which confirms the possibility of its use as an astringent material. The filtrate was analyzed for the content of various elements, and the maximum permissible concentrations for each element were found to be exceeded. Chemical and biological oxygen demand were determined, and critically high values were installed (17200 mgO2/l and 4750 mgO2/l, respectively). The lithification process was divided into two stages. The first stage was to reduce the organic component in the filtrate using a coagulant, aluminum sulfate; the second stage was slag hydration. The optimum ratio of lithificate components in terms of mixture solidification rate was established at 1:0.03:1.25 (leachate, coagulant, blast furnace slag). The obtained material was analyzed for the solubility and content of various forms of metal. It is established that at infiltration of atmospheric precipitations through lithificate only 3 % of material will be washed out; concentrations of gross and mobile forms of heavy metals do not exceed the maximum permissible, except for the gross content of arsenic, mobile, and water-soluble forms of which were not found. The values of chemical (687 mgO2/l) and biological (173 mgO2/l) oxygen demand in the aqueous extract from lithificate decreased more than 25 times in comparison with the initial filtrate. According to the results of toxicological studies, lithificate was assigned an IV class of waste hazard, which confirms the possibility of its use as bulk material at landfills. more...
- Published
- 2024
40. Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste produced by the city of Algiers using life cycle assessment
- Author
-
SADIA ZIBOUCHE, RABAH BOUARAB, and Mohammed AMOURI
- Subjects
anaerobic digestion ,municipal solid waste ,life cycle assessment ,energy recovery ,recycling ,Technology - Abstract
This study analyses the life cycle assessment of anaerobic digestion process of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) produced by Algiers city. Some keys parameters of the processes are then modified to analyze the "hot spots" and perform a sensitivity analysis to identify their influence on the results. Data for the inventory came from actual city facilities, and background process information came from Eco invent version 3.1 of SimaPro 8.1 software. The analyzed process contribution indicates that the global warming potential is affected by the anaerobic digestion because of the NOx and CO emissions from the thermal processes of biogas burning and fuel oil combustion for digesters heating. Furthermore, plastics recycling is environmentally beneficial because of net savings. The energy valorization of biogas produces the least amount of environmental damage, eliminating 403.06 kg CO2 eq/ton of waste, saving 18.2 E+09 MJ/ton of fossil fuels, and producing 2.8 E+08 kWhel/year, or 6% of the city's annual electricity consumption. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Role of big data analytics and hyperspectral imaging in waste management for circular economy.
- Author
-
Menezes, Jacintha, Hemachandra, Nadeesha, and Isidro, Kate
- Subjects
SOLID waste management ,SUSTAINABLE development ,DATA analytics ,WASTE management ,WASTE recycling - Abstract
The accumulation of waste has a profound impact on the environment, prompting a crucial discussion about effective waste management strategies aligned with Oman Vision 2040's sustainability goals. The consequences of municipal solid waste generation have multifaceted impacts on the environment, public health, and overall well-being of communities. Addressing these consequences requires a holistic approach that includes the integration of sustainable waste management technologies to foster a circular economy. This paper emphasizes the necessity for a paradigm shift in waste management methodologies, emphasizing the importance of Hyperspectral Imaging and Big Data Analytics into municipal solid waste management processes. This paper explores the synergistic relationship between hyperspectral imaging which is capable of precise material identification, and big data analytics to facilitate comprehensive data analysis. The integration aims to optimize waste segregation, resource recovery, and recycling processes. The utilization of data-driven insights enables predictive modeling and the identification of trends thereby facilitating more efficient and sustainable waste management practices. The harnessing of big data analytics empowers stakeholders to make informed decisions in waste management to achieve long-term environmental, and economic sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Climate impacts of landfill gas emissions: Analysis for 20-year and 100-year time horizons.
- Author
-
Manheim, Derek C., Yeşiller, Nazli, Hanson, James L., and Blake, Donald R.
- Subjects
- *
TIME perspective , *GAS analysis , *LANDFILL gases , *ENVIRONMENTAL engineering , *OZONE layer , *TROPOSPHERIC ozone , *TROPOSPHERIC aerosols , *OZONESONDES - Abstract
• Direct and indirect climate impacts of solid waste landfills in California were quantified. • Direct impacts were positive and high whereas indirect impacts were negative and low. • Cover characteristics including material type and areal extent control climate impacts. • Global warming potential time horizon significantly influences climate impact results. • Integration of direct and indirect impacts advances landfill climate mitigation strategies. Climate impacts of landfill gas emissions were investigated for 20- and 100-year time horizons to identify the effects of atmospheric lifetimes of short- and long-lived drivers. Direct and indirect climate impacts were determined for methane and 79 trace species. The impacts were quantified using global warming potential, GWP (direct and indirect); atmospheric degradation (direct); tropospheric ozone forming potential (indirect); secondary aerosol forming potential (indirect) and stratospheric ozone depleting potential (indirect). Effects of cover characteristics, landfill operational conditions, and season on emissions were assessed. Analysis was conducted at five operating municipal solid waste landfills in California, which collectively contained 13% of the waste in place in the state. Climate impacts were determined to be primarily due to direct emissions (99.5 to 115%) with indirect emissions contributing −15 to 0.5%. Methane emissions were 35 to 99% of the total emissions and the remainder mainly greenhouse gases (hydro)chlorofluorocarbons (up to 42% of total emissions) and nitrous oxide. Cover types affected emissions, where the highest emissions were generally from intermediate covers with the largest relative landfill surface areas. Landfill-specific direct emissions varied between 683 and 103,411 and between 381 and 37,925 Mg CO 2 -eq./yr for 20- and 100-yr time horizons, respectively. Total emissions (direct + indirect) were 680 to 103,600 (20-yr) and were 374 to 38,108 (100-yr) Mg CO 2 -eq./yr. Analysis time horizon significantly affected emissions. The 20-yr direct and total emissions were consistently higher than the 100-yr emissions by up to 2.5 times. Detailed analysis of time-dependent climate effects can inform strategies to mitigate climate change impacts of landfill gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Circular economy life cycle cost for kerbside waste material looping process.
- Author
-
Zhang, Jingxuan, Bhuiyan, Muhammed, Zhang, Guomin, Sandanayake, Malindu, and Navaratnam, Satheeskumar
- Subjects
- *
LIFE cycle costing , *GLASS recycling , *CIRCULAR economy , *MANUFACTURING processes , *WASTE recycling - Abstract
• Introduced a circular economy-based cost model for kerbside wastes. • Evaluated costs in closed-loop and open-loop recycling. • Demonstrated KGRSB cost less than KRMB model. • Alignment of cost model with attributional LCA model for kerbside waste recycling. Rapid expansion in urban areas has engendered a superfluity of municipal solid waste (MSW) stemming from contemporary civilization, encompassing commercial sectors and human undertakings. Kerbside waste, a type of MSW, has the potential for recycling and reuse at the end of its first life cycle, but is often limited to a linear cycle. This study aimed to assess the life cycle costs of different separation and recycling methods for handling kerbside waste. A new life cycle cost model, drawing from the circular economy's value retention process (VRP) model, has been created and applied to assess the continuous recycling of kerbside glass. The study investigates two key separation techniques, kerbside recycling mixed bin recycling (KRMB) kerbside glass recycling separate bin (KGRSB) and analyses their impact on the life cycle cost of the recycling process. Additionally, the research explores two approaches of recycling and downcycling: closed-loop recycling, which pertains to the recycling of glass containers, and open-looped recycling, which involves the use of recycled glass in asphalt. The results showed when use annually collected waste as the functional unit, the KRMB model incurred lower costs compared to the KGRSB model due to its lower production output. However, when evaluated over a 1-ton production of glass container and asphalt, the KGRSB method demonstrated superior cost performance with a 40–50% reduction compared to the KRMB method. The open-loop recycling method (asphalt) incurred a higher cost compared to the closed-loop recycling method due to its larger production volume over a 21-year period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Investigation of U.S. landfill GHG reporting program methane emission models.
- Author
-
Stark, Benjamin M., Tian, Kuo, and Krause, Max J.
- Subjects
- *
LANDFILL gases , *LANDFILLS , *METHANE , *WASTE management , *SOLID waste , *REMOTE sensing - Abstract
• Estimates of modeled CH 4 emission (E) data for 1,325 U.S. landfills were reviewed. • Operators use two methods to estimate E from landfills with a gas collection system. • First-order decay (FOD) method shows increasing emissions. • Collection efficiency assumption method shows decreasing emissions. • FOD method shows some agreement to remotely sensed national estimates. As part of its commitment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the U.S. annually develops a national estimate of methane emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills by aggregating activity data from each facility. Since 2010, the U.S. has reported a 20 % decrease in MSW landfill emissions despite a 21 % increase in tons disposed. Operator-submitted data were investigated to understand the causes of this decline. In the U.S., operators of landfills with a gas collection and control system (GCCS) calculate their facility's emissions via two separate approaches – (1) first-order decay (FOD) and (2) collection efficiency assumption (CEA) − and select either result to feed into the annual inventory. The FOD model predicts methane generation proportional to waste disposal and that approach calculated a 19 % increase in total methane generated from 2010 to 2022, whereas generation via the CEA approach decreased by 8.9 %. The amount of measured methane collected has increased 7.5 % for the same years. Discrepancies between the two models' generated methane, assumed gas collection efficiencies, and oxidized methane compound into substantive differences in national estimates. Operators more frequently select the CEA method, which results in decreased national estimates. If only the FOD method was used, U.S. MSW landfill emissions would be 1.3-1.7 times greater than current estimates which is similar to recent extrapolations from remote sensing campaigns in the U.S. Both models contain parameters with large inherent uncertainty. Without measurement methods that continuously quantify both point-source and diffuse emissions, an assessment of either equation's accuracy cannot be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Adsorption of tebuthiuron on hydrochar: structural, kinetic, isothermal, and mechanistic modeling, and ecotoxicological validation of remediative treatment of aqueous system.
- Author
-
Moreira, Bruno Rafael de Almeida, Cruz, Victor Hugo, Barbosa Júnior, Marcelo Rodrigues, de Vasconcelos, Leonardo Gomes, da Silva, Rouverson Pereira, and Lopes, Paulo Renato Matos
- Abstract
Tebuthiuron (C
9 H16 N4 OS) offers farmers a cost-effective chemical solution to control weeds. Nevertheless, it can manifest as a hazardous organic compound to society and the environment as it escapes from agroecosystems into the surroundings via leaching and running off, polluting surface and underground water bodies. Hence, research was designed to analyze whether hydrochar can develop an adsorbent to remove it from an aqueous solution. Food waste was reacted with subcritical water at a stoichiometric 1:4 ratio (m v−1 ) and 1.5 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) at 10 g L−1 at 250 °C and 1.5 MPa for 2 h to produce porous hydrochar via simultaneous hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation. The product at 25, 50, and 100 mg L−1 was tested for its ability to adsorb tebuthiuron (TBT) at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg L−1 by spectrophotometry. In addition, kinetic and isothermal models were applied to experimental data to describe the separation of the pollutant from the liquid-phase analytical environment. Equally significant, an ecotoxicological assay was developed to investigate its remediative potential; Lactuca sativa was employed as a testing organism, as it is responsive to TBT at phytotoxic residual quantity. Hydrochar significantly separated TBT from aqueous media. Such honeycomb-structured mesoporous carbonaceous matrix developed approximately 1420.1 m2 g−1 specific surface area and 0.05 cm3 g−1 total pore volume; hence, at the highest concentration, it adsorbed 98.65% of TBT at 1.5 mg L−1 through physical (e.g., pore filling and interparticle diffusion) or chemical (e.g., H-bonding, π-stacking, and metal-adsorbate complex) forces. In addition, it allowed seven adsorption-desorption cycles with 80% efficiency, supporting excellent regenerability. Equally significant, L. sativa germinated 76.6% on plates containing residual solution from sorption testing, validating the hydrochar for environmental bioremediation. Hence, it can advance the field's prominence in treating TBT by bioadsorption. It can offer stakeholders across agroindustries possibilities to remediate such a compound in aquatic environments, such as water and wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Challenges of Implementing Municipal Solid Waste Separation Policy in China.
- Author
-
Ren, Zhuoya and Zuo, Ganggang
- Abstract
Rapid population growth, urbanization, and diverse production materials have led to a surge in municipal solid waste (MSW), harming the environment, climate, and sanitation. Despite China's efforts to implement MSW segregation policies, results have been unsatisfactory. Research often emphasizes public participation, with less focus on the entire policy implementation process. This paper employed Smith's theoretical model to comprehensively analyze the challenges of implementing a MSW segregation policy, using qualitative methods and secondary data from literature and policy documents. The findings revealed challenges at four levels: policy formulation, implementing agencies, target groups, and the external environment. Issues include policy ambiguity, unclear authority, government-enterprise cross-functionality, casual attitudes, implementer shortages, poor public participation, and economic disparities. To address these, the study recommends enhancing public engagement, clarifying responsibilities among agencies, and increasing financial support for disadvantaged areas to improve policy implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Methane emissions from municipal landfills: a case study of Chandigarh and economic evaluation for waste-to-energy generation in India.
- Author
-
Mor, Suman, Kaur, Kamalpreet, and Ravindra, Khaiwal
- Subjects
WASTE disposal sites ,INTEGRATED waste management ,SOLID waste management ,GREENHOUSE gases ,LANDFILL gases - Abstract
The present study highlights the dual benefits of landfill gas utilization:mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and generating renewable energy. Municipal waste, containing a large proportion of organic matter, is dumped into Solid Waste Disposal Sites (SWDS), which, after anaerobic decomposition, releases methane (CH4). This study aims to assess the methane emissions from the SWDS of Chandigarh, India, and evaluate the potential for electricity generation from captured landfill gas. Waste samples were obtained using the quartile method and examined for proximate and ultimate analysis. The inventory and estimation of CH4 generation were done using the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology, including the potential of electricity generation from the CH4 generated. It has been observed that Chandigarh generates around 350 tons per day (TPD) of waste, with organic material constituting over 50% on average. The estimated amount of municipal waste with observed composition led to the generation of 0.34 Gg/yr of CH4. Depending on the efficiency of the gas energy system, 0.27 MW to 0.77 MW of electric power can be produced in Chandigarh. The study also provides a broader context for solid waste management in India. Analysis of national data revealed that India generates about 160,038.9 TPD of solid waste, with only about half (79,956.3 TPD) being treated. The country has 3,184 existing dumpsites, with significant variations across states. As per the present analysis, when extrapolated to a national scale, India could potentially generate 5,167 MWto 14,355 MWof power fromall its SWDS, resulting in annual financial gains of 4.7 to 13 billion USD. These findings underscore the importance of implementing integrated waste management strategies that prioritize waste reduction, efficient treatment, and energy recovery from landfill gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Valuing the Disamenity of Open Dumpsites: A Sri Lankan Case Study.
- Author
-
Udugama, Gayan K. and Mullins, Jamie T.
- Subjects
- *
SOLID waste , *VALUATION of real property , *COST estimates , *PUBLIC health , *EXTERNALITIES - Abstract
Disposal of municipal solid waste in open dumpsites remains widespread throughout the developing world. While harm to local environments and public health may seem apparent, the lack of credible estimates of damages from open dumpsites is a major reason for their continued use. This paper estimates the disamenity damages imposed by an open dumpsite in Colombo, Sri Lanka, on nearby property owners using hedonic regression methods and a novel data set collected for the purpose. We find that property values increase by 10% for every additional 100 m of distance from the edge of the dumpsite and thus provide the first credible estimate of costs imposed by open dumping in a developing country. As open dumpsites are often sited in less affluent areas, our results suggest that such sites are likely exacerbating urban inequities in urban agglomerations across the developing world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Gradient Boosting Regression Tree Optimized with Slime Mould Algorithm to Predict the Higher Heating Value of Municipal Solid Waste.
- Author
-
Shehab, Esraa Q., Taha, Farah Faaq, Muhodir, Sabih Hashim, Imran, Hamza, Ostrowski, Krzysztof Adam, and Piechaczek, Marcin
- Subjects
- *
STANDARD deviations , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *GRAPHICAL user interfaces , *SOLID waste , *REGRESSION trees - Abstract
The production of municipal solid waste (MSW) has led to an unprecedented level of environmental pollution, worsening the global challenges posed by climate change. Researchers and policymakers have recently made significant strides in the field of sustainable and renewable energy sources, which are viable from technological, environmental, and economic perspectives. Consequently, the waste-to-energy programs enhance nations' socioeconomic status while positively impacting the environment. To predict the higher heating value (HHV) of MSW fuel based on carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur content, the current study introduces a Gradient Boosting Regression Tree (GBRT) model optimized with the Slime Mold Algorithm (SMA). This model was evaluated using an additional 50 data points after being trained with 202 MSW biomass data points. The performance of the model was assessed using three metrics: root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and the coefficient of determination (R2). The results indicated that our model outperformed previously developed models in terms of accuracy and reliability. Additionally, a graphical user interface (GUI) was developed to facilitate the practical application of the model, allowing users to easily input data and receive predictions on the enthalpy of the combustion of MSW fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Synergistic of Magnetite Nanoparticles and Alkaline Pretreatment on Biogas Yield from Anaerobic Codigestion of Municipal Waste and Sewage Sludge.
- Author
-
Ahmadi-Pirlou, Mansour, Farajollahi, Amirhamzeh, and Rahmati, AhmadReza
- Subjects
- *
RENEWABLE natural gas , *SEWAGE sludge , *SOLID waste , *NANOPARTICLES , *HEMICELLULOSE , *BIOGAS production , *LIGNOCELLULOSE - Abstract
One of the most important problems and the main obstacle of this process is the transformation of the complex structure of lignocellulose. One of the ways to break the lignocellulosic structure is to use suitable pretreatment compounds and nanoparticles with appropriate concentration. For this purpose, the synergistic effect of 6%NaOH pretreatment with different magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) concentrations was assessed for maximizing the biogas production. In this study, the optimal mixing ratio of MSW and SS codigestion was determined from our previous studies (MSW:SS 60:40). Application of the 6%NaOH pretreatment alone increased biogas and methane production by 24.6 and 35.4%, respectively, compared to the control. Also, the 6%NaOH pretreatment alone elevated cellulose by 85% while reducing lignin and hemicellulose by 64 and 33%, respectively. The greatest biogas and methane production was obtained in the reactor of 6%NaOH with an MNP concentration of 110 ppm, experiencing an 86 and 162% increase compared to the control. The greatest reduction in total solids and volatile solids was also obtained in this digestor by 76.6 and 79%, respectively, compared to the control reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.