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BackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionCone dystrophy is a heterogeneous hereditary retinal disorder with disease symptoms appearing in the late first or early second decades of life.A consanguineous Pakistani family with three affected individuals underwent detailed clinical and genetic investigation.The proband, a 63-years old male, showed severely reduced day vision, a visual acuity of counting fingers (CF), color vision deficiency, high myopia and photophobia. Fundus images showed bilateral peripapillary atrophy, bilateral dull foveal reflex, tilted disc, tessellated fundus, and hyperfluorescence at the peripheral superior temporal arcade and leak at an early stage. OCT macula and angiography findings suggested traction near the disc in the right eye and sub-retinal fluid at the fovea in the left eye. Retinal layers were normal toward the periphery but disorganized near the disc. Full visual field tests showed bilateral central scotoma, while single visual field tests indicated bilateral generalized depression of the visual field. The proband showed normal bilateral intraocular pressure, normal choroidal vessels, and unremarkable anterior segment. Exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous missense variant (POC1B:NM_172240.3:c.1391T>C;p.L464P) in the proband. Existing evidence supported pathogenicity of the identified variant in the family.In conclusion, we document a first-ever Pakistani family with POC1B-related cone dystrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study is based on the structural analysis of radiators made of different materials to compare their effectiveness in the case of naturally aspirated and turbocharged diesel engines. For the analysis of the radiator structure, ABAQUS software was used. In the ABAQUS, static structural analysis was made to calculate the strength of the radiator. The said software is capable of calculating the strength of the radiator considering the boundary conditions (i.e., fixing at corners) as well as the loading conditions. It was observed that stresses generated while using an aluminium radiator were very high than those produced by steel radiators. According to the study, the following are the key findings for the steel and aluminium radiators. In the first case, while three corners were fixed, the steel radiator showed a deflection of 1.86 mm while aluminium exhibited 5.65 mm. However, in the second case in which the radiator had four fixed corners, the deflection of the steel radiator was 1.10 mm, while that of aluminium was 3.36 mm. Additionally, based on the deflections obtained from all investigations, it was found that radiators made of aluminium were more sensitive than those made of steel in both naturally aspirated and turbocharged applications. However, due to aluminium’s strong thermal conductivity, it is compatible with naturally aspirated engines in terms of thermal capacity. To combat turbocharged engine complications caused by high temperatures, such as thermal cracking, engine wear and tear, and so on, a steel-made radiator is more suitable than an aluminium radiator, hence mitigating the issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media is working as a change agent in different areas of our routine life, Political awareness is one of them. With ever rising young population, social media offers this adventure in safety and privacy at our homes. Logging into Facebook looking at the newsfeed and sharing stuff has become our daily habit. Country like Pakistan where politics is the core area of discussion everybody takes interest in it. Pakistani youth has become the target public on social media by the political parties for their vested interests and propaganda. This quantitative research has been conducted to investigate the intensity of change in political attitude of youth using facebook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet has given birth to new media technologies and social media. This study is planned to explore whether there is any relation between the usage of social media and vulnerability to be a victim of cybercrimes. The study will also investigate the current trends of cybercrimes, the extent of awareness about cybercrimes, attitudes about cybercrime reporting, perceptions about cybercrime laws and impact of cyber laws in Pakistan. Social media is now a personal medium for expression of personality and is extensively used tool for interpersonal communication, group as well as mass communication. People across the globe take keen interest in social networking for their routine communication as well as for information and entertainment. On the other hand certain people, groups or organizations are cleverly using this medium for their black and grey propaganda, cybercrimes and malpractices involving criminal procedures and targeted actions against individuals and organizations. Easy access to social media has empowered the criminal minds to use this medium to adopt new ways of fraudulent activities, thefts, harassments and terror. It is need of the time to measure if the social media users are aware of common cyber crimes and whether they are versed with the precautionary measures and if the report the crimes to law enforcing agencies or not. The study was aimed to investigate the level of awareness on cyber crimes in Pakistan as well as the public perception on cyber laws. The study further investigates the relationship between the amount of time spent on cyber media and vulnerability to fall a victim to the cybercrimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SMS have become an important source of infotainment besides being only a channel for communication. Youth especially is an active consumer of this communication technology. This study was planned to explore whether there is any relation between the exposure to the political communication and propaganda messages and attitudinal change in college students of graduate and undergraduate level. It was also aimed to investigate the perception of college students regarding change in political attitudes caused by exposure to political SMS texts. This study was designed to accomplish the objectives such as "to explore the relation between political SMS propaganda texts and the attitudinal change in the college students" and "to verify if SMS prove to be an effective tool of political communication, persuasion and propaganda". The study was carried out using a questionnaire to be filled by the respondents selected by randomization technique. Independent and dependent variables were defined adequately and demographic variables were also taken into consideration. On the basis of the results and findings, it is concluded that the exposure to SMS based political texts has the capability to change the political attitudes of young college students. Students are heavily relying on SMS based information and they believe in it as to be their personal medium of expression. This heavy reliance is leading to cause change in their political mindsets, conceptions and attitudes. Still it cannot be predicted that such campaigns can change the voting behavior too because of so many other social, economical and religious factors in Pakistan. So it is concluded that exposure of SMS based political information causes change in political attitudes of college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Corrosive ingestion in children is very important and sensitive issue which result in lot of morbidity and mortality corrosive ingestion is mostly in form of acid or alkali chemical. 5000 to 15000 caustic ingestion cases are reported annually in United States. Majority of cases are accidental and can occur in any age of children but in new born it occur very rarely. Case Presentation: we are presenting a case of corrosive ingestion in 04 days old new born who was given a liquid bleed mixed with formula milk by mother considering the liquid bleed as water for the dilution of milk. Conclusion: We conclude that legislation should be done for authorizes sale of corrosive chemical and awareness campaign should be lounge through social, print and electronic media about hazards of corrosive ingestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study revolves around the portrayal of women in men's product TV advertisements and audience perception. The study was conducted to measure the audience perception on the female portrayal in men's product advertisements aired on television channels. The researchers applied mix method approach to analyze the advertisement contents and surveyed the audiences to measure their perception on the issue. The study concluded that both men and women with lower and higher education have a higher exposure to the televised advertisements of men's' products. Female models are extensively used in these advertisements. Voice over, costume and bodily are heavily exploited with the sex appeal and the audiences admitted that they get attracted to that. Female models have been shown in dependent roles on the men and are also exploited as a sex object. As perceived by the audiences, the female portrayal was un-appropriate while there was some degree of acceptance towards the dressing of female models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]