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24 results on '"Munsamy, Alvin J."'

1. Vessel density, macula thickness and foveal avascular zone measurements in young African adults with moderate myopia: A pilot study.

Author

Munsamy, Alvin J., Monthati, Lehlomela, Minenhle, Mlambo, Zwelakhe, Mngomezulu, Nokubongwa, Ndlovu, and Mthobisi, Radebe

Subjects
*AFRICANS, *OPTICAL coherence tomography, *REFRACTIVE errors, *JUDGMENT sampling, *MYOPIA
Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between macula thickness and vessel density in African myopic and emmetropic eyes through the use of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Methods: The study population comprised African adults aged 18–35 years old. The study was conducted at a University eye clinic located in Durban, South Africa. Purposive sampling was utilised to obtain 59 participants of whom 24 were myopes and 35 were emmetropes. Vessel density (VD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and retinal thickness (RT) were obtained using the Heidelberg Spectralis OCT with angiography. Thereafter, a multivariate linear regression was used to investigate associations between the spherical equivalent myopic refractive error and VD, FAZ and RT for the myopic group only. Results: Myopic participants had a mean spherical equivalent (MSE) and standard deviation (SD) of −4.79 D (1.27) while the emmetropic group had an MSE (SD) of −0.32 D (0.46). Both superficial and deep VD were significantly decreased at the central fovea (radius (r) = 0.4 mm), peri‐foveal (r = 1.10–1.45 mm) and para‐foveal (r = 0.75–1.10 mm) sectors in myopes when compared with emmetropes. Myopes showed a significant reduction in RT in the inner retinal layer across the inferior and temporal zones of the peri‐foveal region as well as the inferior and temporal zones of the para‐foveal region when compared with emmetropes. A significantly smaller FAZ was found at both the superficial and deep vascular plexuses (p < 0.001). In African myopes, significant associations were not found between MSE and VD or FAZ and macula retinal thickness. Conclusion: Retinal vascular and thickness reduction may occur in young African adults with moderate myopia. A broad‐based study targeting VD and IRT in African myopes is proposed to confirm preclinical myopic macula disruptions in adults of African ethnicity. OCT angiography should be considered when monitoring progressive myopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. An Assessment of Ophthalmic Services in the Ashanti Region, Ghana

Author

Abdul-Kabir, Mohammed, Munsamy , Alvin J, and Abdul-Sadik , Ahmed

Subjects
eye health, Ashanti region, Ophthalmic services, utilisation, blindness
Abstract

Purpose: This survey was designed to assess the available ophthalmic service delivery units and the eye health promotion strategy in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Methods: Twenty-four (24) eye care delivery units in 10 districts, randomly selected from the 43 in the Ashanti region, were assessed for this cross-sectional study, using a structured questionnaire adopted from the Questionnaire on Available Human Resources, Infrastructure and Equipment. The structured, pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from the most senior eye cadre in each of the facilities, with respect to the available human resources, infrastructure and service delivery. Thereafter the availability and implementation of eye health promotion tools were determined by interviewing district directors of health services and eye care cadres in the sampled districts. Results: Of the sampled districts, 40% do not have any ophthalmic facilities operated by the Ghana Health Service (GHS) and three (30%) of the sampled districts also do not have any private ophthalmic service delivery units. All sampled eye care facilities were equipped with most of the basic, but essential, diagnostic and refraction equipment, including visual acuity charts, trial lens sets, trial lens frames and ophthalmoscopes. Fewer of the sampled facilities provided specialty services, such as contact lens services (20.8%), low vision services (8.3%), and binocular vision care (25.0%). None of the districts (100%) had a formalised eye health promotion and advocacy strategy. Conclusion: In the Ashanti region of Ghana, there exists an uneven distribution of ophthalmic facilities; limited specialised ophthalmic services; insufficient eye care cadres; and very limited advanced diagnostic equipment. The ratio of eye care cadres to population lags behind the VISION 2020 target. Of the districts, 60% do not have public-funded eye clinics. There is no evidence of existing eye health promotion strategies at the district level in the Ashanti region of Ghana.

Published
2023

8. The Effect of Home-Based Dichoptic Therapy on Young Adults with Non-Strabismic Anisometropic Amblyopia on Stereo Acuity

Author

Ojiabo,Sunday Nduka, Munsamy,Alvin J, Ojiabo,Sunday Nduka, and Munsamy,Alvin J

Abstract

Sunday Nduka Ojiabo,1 Alvin J Munsamy2 1Department of Optometry, School of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; 2Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South AfricaCorrespondence: Sunday Nduka Ojiabo, Email linkup2ojiabo@gmail.comAim: To evaluate the effect of home-based dichoptic visual therapy using anaglyphic red-green filters on the stereo acuity in a sample of young adults with non-strabismic anisometropic amblyopia.Methods: The study was observational and cross-sectional in design. Two groups (experimental vs control) were sourced using purposive sampling of young adults with non-strabismic amblyopia (experimental group) in comparison to an age-match control group without amblyopia. For the purpose of refractive adaptation, all participants in both groups were asked to wear their spectacle correction constantly for at least 16 weeks prior to exposure to home-based dichoptic therapy. Stereo acuity measurements using the Stereo Fly test were obtained before and after 40 hours exposure to home-based dichoptic therapy. The changes in stereo acuity post eight weeks (40 hours) training from baseline measurements was obtained. The difference in medians between the experimental and control groups using the Mann–Whitney U-test was measured with significance set at P value of < 0.05.Results: A total of 38 young adults (19 males, 19 females) with a mean age of 24.05 ± 5.66 years were enrolled in this study. Nineteen anisometropic amblyopes comprised the experimental group, fifteen of which were classified as moderate amblyopia (6/12-6/36) and 19 non-amblyopes comprised the control group. Home-based dichoptic therapy used on the experimental group after 8 weeks showed a significant improvement in stereo-acuity with a mean improvement of 345.26 ± 184.85 sec arc− 1 [IQR:260;600; p< 0.001] when compared to the control group.Conclusion: Home-based dic

Published
2022

9. Ophthalmic services utilisation and associated factors in the Ashanti region, Ghana.

Author

Mohammed, Abdul-Kabir and Munsamy, Alvin J.

Subjects
*EYE care, *EYE examination, *HEALTH education, *CHI-squared test, *SELF medication, *VISION testing
Abstract

Objective: This survey determined the utilisation of eye care services and associated factors among adults in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Design: A population-based cross-sectional descriptive study. Method: Data for this study was collected from 1615 randomly selected individuals in the Ashanti region of Ghana, using a structured, pretested interviewer-guided questionnaire. Information regarding the accessibility and determinants of, and barriers to, eye care services was based on self-reports, using the WHO Eye Care Services Assessment Questionnaire. Inferential analyses were performed using the chi-square test for statistical significance, set at p=0.05. Setting: Ashanti Region, Ghana. Participants: One thousand six hundred and fifteen randomly selected adults. Results: Public eye care facilities were used by 58.2% of the participants for their last eye exam. Of the participants, 47.0% had travelled less than five kilometres for their last eye exam. Waiting time and service cost were participants' most frequently cited challenges in seeking care. No need felt (40.1%), self-medication (37.7%) and cost (22.2%) were the most frequently mentioned barriers to seeking ophthalmic services. Conclusion: The major challenges encountered in seeking eye care services were waiting time and cost of service. Major barriers to ophthalmic services utilisation were no need felt, self-medication and cost. Factors such as cost, lack of felt need and self-medication, which serve as barriers to utilising eye care services, should be addressed by stakeholders through eye health education and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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16. The Investigation of the Effect of Hyperglycemic Changes on Psychophysical Measurements of Visual Function in Pseudophakic People Living with Diabetes Mellitus

Author

Majola,Lindokuhle, Munsamy,Alvin J, Majola,Lindokuhle, and Munsamy,Alvin J

Abstract

Lindokuhle Majola,1 Alvin J Munsamy2 1Department of Health, Port Shepstone, South Africa; 2Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaCorrespondence: Lindokuhle MajolaDepartment of Health, Ugu District, PO Box 951, Hibberdene, Port Shepstone, 4220, South AfricaTel +27 79 347 8540Email lindokuhle.majola2@gmail.comAlvin J MunsamyDiscipline of Optometry, School of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South AfricaTel +27 31 260 7352Fax +27 31 260 7666Email Munsamya1@ukzn.ac.zaPurpose: The purpose of this study was to show the effect of increasing blood glucose level (BGL) on psychophysical visual function represents by visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in pseudophakic people living with diabetes (PDM).Study Design: This was quasi-experimental, quantitative study using a pretest–posttest approach.Methods: The study was conducted at Gamalakhe community health centre located in Gamalakhe township and included a sample of 50 pseudophakic people living without diabetes mellitus (PWDM) and 50 pseudophakic PDM. BGL as well as psychophysical measurements of visual function were measured preprandial and postprandial. Visual acuity (VA) was measured at distance (4 m) and near (40 cm) using logMAR VA charts, and contrast sensitivity (CS) was measured at 50 cm using a Mars chart. The data collected were captured and subsequently analyzed using SPSS version 25.Results: Glycemic changes measured preprandial and postprandial observed a mean increase of 2.06± 1.35 mmol/L (p=0.350) and 1.08± 0.47 mmol/L (p=0.291) in pseudophakia PDM and pseudophakic PWDM, respectively. CS showed a mean increase of 0.01± 0.10 (p=0.23) and 0.002± 0.02 (p=0.19) log units in PDM and PWDM, respectively; however, the independent t-test showed this was insignificant between PDM and PWDM (p=0.27). A insignificant mean increase of 0.01± 0.04 log units (p=0.25) and 0.001± 0.01 (p=0.32) in distance VA of

Published
2021

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