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1. The global abundance of tree palms

Author

Muscarella, Robert, Emilio, Thaise, Phillips, Oliver L, Lewis, Simon L, Slik, Ferry, Baker, William J, Couvreur, Thomas LP, Eiserhardt, Wolf L, Svenning, Jens‐Christian, Affum‐Baffoe, Kofi, Aiba, Shin‐Ichiro, Almeida, Everton C, Almeida, Samuel S, Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, Álvarez‐Dávila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F, Alvez‐Valles, Carlos Mariano, Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim, Guarin, Fernando Alzate, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis EOC, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ashton, Peter S, Corredor, Gerardo A Aymard, Baker, Timothy R, Camargo, Plinio Barbosa, Barlow, Jos, Bastin, Jean‐François, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Bradford, Matt, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q, Brewer, Steven W, Camargo, Jose LC, Campbell, David G, Castilho, Carolina V, Castro, Wendeson, Catchpole, Damien, Martínez, Carlos E Cerón, Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Cho, Percival, Chutipong, Wanlop, Clark, Connie, Collins, Murray, Comiskey, James A, Medina, Massiel Nataly Corrales, Costa, Flávia RC, Culmsee, Heike, David‐Higuita, Heriberto, Davidar, Priya, Aguila‐Pasquel, Jhon, Derroire, Géraldine, Di Fiore, Anthony, Van Do, Tran, Doucet, Jean‐Louis, Dourdain, Aurélie, Drake, Donald R, Ensslin, Andreas, Erwin, Terry, Ewango, Corneille EN, Ewers, Robert M, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, Fischer, Markus, Franklin, Janet, Fredriksson, Gabriella M, Gillespie, Thomas W, Gilpin, Martin, Gonmadje, Christelle, Gunatilleke, Arachchige Upali Nimal, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Hall, Jefferson S, Hamer, Keith C, Harris, David J, Harrison, Rhett D, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Herault, Bruno, Pizango, Carlos Gabriel Hidalgo, Coronado, Eurídice N Honorio, Hubau, Wannes, Hussain, Mohammad Shah, Ibrahim, Faridah‐Hanum, Imai, Nobuo, Joly, Carlos A, Joseph, Shijo, Anitha, K, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kassi, Justin, and Killeen, Timothy J

Subjects
Life on Land, above-ground biomass, abundance patterns, Arecaceae, local abiotic conditions, Neotropics, pantropical biogeography, tropical rainforest, wood density, Ecology
Abstract

Aim: Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location: Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Palms (Arecaceae). Methods: We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co-occurring non-palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results: On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long-term climate stability. Life-form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non-tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above-ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions: Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.

Published
2020

2. Thinner bark increases sensitivity of wetter Amazonian tropical forests to fire

Author

Staver, Ann Carla, Brando, Paulo M, Barlow, Jos, Morton, Douglas C, Paine, CE Timothy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, and Pasquel, Jhon

Subjects
Life on Land, Carbon Cycle, Forests, Plant Bark, Sensitivity and Specificity, Trees, carbon cycle, Amazonia, tree mortality, tropical forest, functional traits, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Understory fires represent an accelerating threat to Amazonian tropical forests and can, during drought, affect larger areas than deforestation itself. These fires kill trees at rates varying from

Published
2020

3. ENSO Drives interannual variation of forest woody growth across the tropics

Author

Rifai, Sami W, Girardin, Cécile AJ, Berenguer, Erika, del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon, Dahlsjö, Cecilia AL, Doughty, Christopher E, Jeffery, Kathryn J, Moore, Sam, Oliveras, Imma, Riutta, Terhi, Rowland, Lucy M, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Addo-Danso, Shalom D, Brando, Paulo, Burton, Chad, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Duah-Gyamfi, Akwasi, Amézquita, Filio Farfán, Freitag, Renata, Pacha, Fernando Hancco, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Ibrahim, Forzia, Mbou, Armel T, Mihindou, Vianet Mihindou, Peixoto, Karine S, Rocha, Wanderley, Rossi, Liana C, Seixas, Marina, Silva-Espejo, Javier E, Abernethy, Katharine A, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Barlow, Jos, da Costa, Antonio CL, Marimon, Beatriz S, Marimon-Junior, Ben H, Meir, Patrick, Metcalfe, Daniel B, Phillips, Oliver L, White, Lee JT, and Malhi, Yadvinder

Subjects
Africa, Borneo, Brazil, Droughts, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Forests, Seasons, Trees, Tropical Climate, El Nino, tropical forests, woody net primary production, drought, meteorological anomalies, El Niño, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Meteorological extreme events such as El Niño events are expected to affect tropical forest net primary production (NPP) and woody growth, but there has been no large-scale empirical validation of this expectation. We collected a large high-temporal resolution dataset (for 1-13 years depending upon location) of more than 172 000 stem growth measurements using dendrometer bands from across 14 regions spanning Amazonia, Africa and Borneo in order to test how much month-to-month variation in stand-level woody growth of adult tree stems (NPPstem) can be explained by seasonal variation and interannual meteorological anomalies. A key finding is that woody growth responds differently to meteorological variation between tropical forests with a dry season (where monthly rainfall is less than 100 mm), and aseasonal wet forests lacking a consistent dry season. In seasonal tropical forests, a high degree of variation in woody growth can be predicted from seasonal variation in temperature, vapour pressure deficit, in addition to anomalies of soil water deficit and shortwave radiation. The variation of aseasonal wet forest woody growth is best predicted by the anomalies of vapour pressure deficit, water deficit and shortwave radiation. In total, we predict the total live woody production of the global tropical forest biome to be 2.16 Pg C yr-1, with an interannual range 1.96-2.26 Pg C yr-1 between 1996-2016, and with the sharpest declines during the strong El Niño events of 1997/8 and 2015/6. There is high geographical variation in hotspots of El Niño-associated impacts, with weak impacts in Africa, and strongly negative impacts in parts of Southeast Asia and extensive regions across central and eastern Amazonia. Overall, there is high correlation (r = -0.75) between the annual anomaly of tropical forest woody growth and the annual mean of the El Niño 3.4 index, driven mainly by strong correlations with anomalies of soil water deficit, vapour pressure deficit and shortwave radiation.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications'.

Published
2018

4. Tree diversity and above-ground biomass in the South America Cerrado biome and their conservation implications

Author

Morandi, Paulo S., Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Ratter, James A., Feldpausch, Ted R., Colli, Guarino Rinaldi, Munhoz, Cássia Beatriz Rodrigues, da Silva Júnior, Manoel Cláudio, de Souza Lima, Edson, Haidar, Ricardo Flores, Arroyo, Luzmila, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, de Góis Aquino, Fabiana, Walter, Bruno Machado Teles, Ribeiro, José Felipe, Françoso, Renata, Elias, Fernando, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, Reis, Simone Matias, de Oliveira, Bianca, das Neves, Eder Carvalho, Nogueira, Denis Silva, Lima, Herson Souza, de Carvalho, Tatiane Pires, Rodrigues, Silvo Alves, Villarroel, Daniel, Felfili, Jeanine M., and Phillips, Oliver L.

Published
2020
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5. ENSO Drives interannual variation of forest woody growth across the tropics

Author

Rifai, Sami W., Girardin, Cécile A. J., Berenguer, Erika, del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon, Dahlsjö, Cecilia A. L., Doughty, Christopher E., Jeffery, Kathryn J., Moore, Sam, Oliveras, Imma, Riutta, Terhi, Rowland, Lucy M., Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Addo-Danso, Shalom D., Brando, Paulo, Burton, Chad, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Duah-Gyamfi, Akwasi, Amézquita, Filio Farfán, Freitag, Renata, Pacha, Fernando Hancco, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Ibrahim, Forzia, Mbou, Armel T., Mihindou, Vianet Mihindou, Peixoto, Karine S., Rocha, Wanderley, Rossi, Liana C., Seixas, Marina, Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Abernethy, Katharine A., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Barlow, Jos, da Costa, Antonio C. L., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Meir, Patrick, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Phillips, Oliver L., White, Lee J. T., and Malhi, Yadvinder

Published
2018

6. Soil pyrogenic carbon in southern Amazonia: Interaction between soil, climate, and above-ground biomass

Author

de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, primary, Feldpausch, Ted R., additional, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, additional, Morandi, Paulo Sérgio, additional, Phillips, Oliver L., additional, Bird, Michael, additional, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, additional, Arroyo, Luzmila, additional, Quesada, Carlos Alberta, additional, and Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, additional

Published
2022
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7. Supplementary Methods, Tables and Figures from ENSO Drives interannual variation of forest woody growth across the tropics

Author

Rifai, Sami W., Girardin, Cécile A. J., Berenguer, Erika, Jhon Del Aguila-Pasquel, Dahlsjö, Cecilia A. L., Doughty, Christopher E., Jeffery, Kathryn J., Moore, Sam, Oliveras, Imma, Riutta, Terhi, Rowland, Lucy M., Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Addo-Danso, Shalom D., Brando, Paulo, Burton, Chad, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Akwasi Duah-Gyamfi, Amézquita, Filio Farfán, Freitag, Renata, Pacha, Fernando Hancco, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Forzia Ibrahim, Mbou, Armel T., Vianet Mihindou Mihindou, Peixoto, Karine S., Wanderley Rocha, Rossi, Liana C., Seixas, Marina, Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Abernethy, Katharine A., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Barlow, Jos, Costa, Antonio C. L. Da, Gardner, Toby, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Meir, Patrick, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Phillips, Oliver, White, Lee J. T., and Yadvinder Malhi

Abstract

Meteorological extreme events such as El Niño events are expected to affect tropical forest net primary production (NPP) and woody growth, but there has been no large-scale empirical validation of this expectation. We collected a large high temporal resolution dataset (for 1–13 years depending upon location) of more than 172 000 stem growth measurements using dendrometer bands from across 14 regions spanning Amazonia, Africa and Borneo in order to test how much month-to-month variation in stand-level woody growth of adult tree stems (NPPstem) can be explained by seasonal variation and interannual meteorological anomalies. A key finding is that woody growth responds differently to meteorological variation between tropical forests with a dry season (where monthly rainfall is less than 100 mm), and aseasonal wet forests lacking a consistent dry season. In seasonal tropical forests, a high degree of variation in woody growth can be predicted from seasonal variation in temperature, vapour pressure deficit, in addition to anomalies of soil water deficit and shortwave radiation. The variation of aseasonal wet forest woody growth is best predicted by the anomalies of vapour pressure deficit, water deficit and shortwave radiation. In total, we predict the total live woody production of the global tropical forest biome to be 2.16 Pg C yr−1, with an interannual range 1.96–2.26 Pg C yr−1 between 1996–2016, and with the sharpest declines during the strong El Niño events of 1997/8 and 2015/6. There is high geographical variation in hotspots of El Niño-associated impacts, with weak impacts in Africa, and strongly negative impacts in parts of Southeast Asia and extensive regions across central and eastern Amazonia. Overall, there is high correlation (r = −0.75) between the annual anomaly of tropical forest woody growth and the annual mean of the El Niño 3.4 index, driven mainly by strong correlations with anomalies of soil water deficit, vapour pressure deficit and shortwave radiation.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘The impact of the 2015/2016 El Nino on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications’.

Published
2018
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8. Tree diversity and above-ground biomass in the South America Cerrado biome and their conservation implications

Author

Morandi, Paulo S., primary, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, additional, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, additional, Ratter, James A., additional, Feldpausch, Ted R., additional, Colli, Guarino Rinaldi, additional, Munhoz, Cássia Beatriz Rodrigues, additional, da Silva Júnior, Manoel Cláudio, additional, de Souza Lima, Edson, additional, Haidar, Ricardo Flores, additional, Arroyo, Luzmila, additional, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, additional, de Góis Aquino, Fabiana, additional, Walter, Bruno Machado Teles, additional, Ribeiro, José Felipe, additional, Françoso, Renata, additional, Elias, Fernando, additional, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, additional, Reis, Simone Matias, additional, de Oliveira, Bianca, additional, das Neves, Eder Carvalho, additional, Nogueira, Denis Silva, additional, Lima, Herson Souza, additional, de Carvalho, Tatiane Pires, additional, Rodrigues, Silvo Alves, additional, Villarroel, Daniel, additional, Felfili, Jeanine M., additional, and Phillips, Oliver L., additional

Published
2018
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9. Seasonal drought limits tree species across the Neotropics

Author

Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Baker, Timothy R., Dexter, Kyle, Lewis, Simon L., Steege, Hans ter, López González, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Brienen, Roel J. W., Feldpausch, Ted R., Pitman, Nigel, Alonso, Alfonso, Heijden, Geertje van der, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Ahuite, Manuel, Alexiaides, Miguel, Álvarez Dávila, Esteban, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Arroyo, Luzmila, Aulestia, Milton, Balslev, Henrik, Barroso, Jorcely, Boot, Rene, Cano, Angela, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Comiskey, James A., Cornejo, Fernando, Dallmeier, Francisco, Daly, Douglas C., Dávila Cardozo, Nallarett, Duivenvoorden, Joost F., Duque Montoya, Alvaro Javier, Erwin, Terry, Di Fiore, Anthony, Fredericksen, Todd, Fuentes, Alfredo, García Villacorta, Roosevelt, Gonzales, Therany, Guevara Andino, Juan Ernesto, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice, Huamantupa Chuquimaco, Isau, Killeen Timothy J., Yadvinder Malhi, Mendoza Casimiro, Hugo Mogollón, Jørgensen, Peter Møller, Montero, Juan Carlos, Mostacedo, Bonifacio, Nauray, William, Neill, David, Núñez Vargas, Percy, Palacios, Sonia, Palacios Cuenca, Walter, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir Carolina, Peacock, Julie, Phillips, Juan Fernando, Pickavance, Georgia, Quesada, Carlos Alberto, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Restrepo, Zorayda, Reynel Rodríguez, Carlos, Ríos Paredes, Marcos, Sierra, Rodrigo, Silveira, Marcos, Stevenson, Pablo, Stropp, Juliana, Terborgh, John, Tirado, Miltón, Toledo, Marisol, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Umaña, María Natalia, Urrego, Ligia Estela, Vásquez Martínez, Rodolfo, Valenzuela Gamarra, Luis, Vela, César I. A., Vilanova Torre, Emilio, Vos, Vincent, Hildebrand, Patricio von, Vriesendorp, Corine, Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zartman, Charles Eugene, Phillips, Oliver L., and Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina

Subjects
Estación seca, Comunidades vegetales, Composición botánica, Clases de árboles, Bosque tropical, Flora, Amazonía, Variedades, Cubierta de copas, Variación genética, Biodiversidad forestal, Precipitación atmosférica, Estrés de sequía
Abstract

Within the tropics, the species richness of tree communities is strongly and positively associated with precipitation. Previous research has suggested that this macroecological pattern is driven by the negative effect of water‐stress on the physiological processes of most tree species. This implies that the range limits of taxa are defined by their ability to occur under dry conditions, and thus in terms of species distributions predicts a nested pattern of taxa distribution from wet to dry areas. However, this ‘dry‐tolerance’ hypothesis has yet to be adequately tested at large spatial and taxonomic scales. Here, using a dataset of 531 inventory plots of closed canopy forest distributed across the western Neotropics we investigated how precipitation, evaluated both as mean annual precipitation and as the maximum climatological water deficit, influences the distribution of tropical tree species, genera and families. We find that the distributions of tree taxa are indeed nested along precipitation gradients in the western Neotropics. Taxa tolerant to seasonal drought are disproportionately widespread across the precipitation gradient, with most reaching even the wettest climates sampled; however, most taxa analysed are restricted to wet areas. Our results suggest that the ‘dry tolerance' hypothesis has broad applicability in the world's most species‐rich forests. In addition, the large number of species restricted to wetter conditions strongly indicates that an increased frequency of drought could severely threaten biodiversity in this region. Overall, this study establishes a baseline for exploring how tropical forest tree composition may change in response to current and future environmental changes in this region. Revisado por pares

Published
2016

10. Seasonal drought limits tree species across the Neotropics

Author

Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Baker, Timothy R., Dexter, Kyle G., Lewis, Simon L., ter Steege, Hans, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Brienen, Roel, Feldpausch, Ted R., Pitman, Nigel, Alonso, Alfonso, van der Heijden, Geertje, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Ahuite, Manuel, Alexiaides, Miguel, Álvarez Dávila, Esteban, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Arroyo, Luzmila, Aulestia, Milton, Balslev, Henrik, Barroso, Jorcely, Boot, Rene, Cano, Angela, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Comiskey, James A., Cornejo, Fernando, Dallmeier, Francisco, Daly, Douglas C., Dávila, Nallarett, Duivenvoorden, Joost F., Duque Montoya, Alvaro Javier, Erwin, Terry, Di Fiore, Anthony, Fredericksen, Todd, Fuentes, Alfredo, García-Villacorta, Roosevelt, Gonzales, Therany, Guevara Andino, Juan Ernesto, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Killeen, Timothy J., Malhi, Yadvinder, Mendoza, Casimiro, Mogollón, Hugo, Jørgensen, Peter Møller, Montero, Juan Carlos, Mostacedo, Bonifacio, Nauray, William, Neill, David, Vargas, Percy Núñez, Palacios, Sonia, Palacios Cuenca, Walter, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir Carolina, Peacock, Julie, Phillips, Juan Fernando, Pickavance, Georgia, Quesada, Carlos Alberto, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Restrepo, Zorayda, Reynel Rodriguez, Carlos, Paredes, Marcos Ríos, Sierra, Rodrigo, Silveira, Marcos, Stevenson, Pablo, Stropp, Juliana, Terborgh, John, Tirado, Milton, Toledo, Marisol, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Umaña, María Natalia, Urrego, Ligia Estela, Vasquez Martinez, Rodolfo, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Vela, César I.A., Vilanova Torre, Emilio, Vos, Vincent, von Hildebrand, Patricio, Vriesendorp, Corine, Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zartman, Charles Eugene, Phillips, Oliver L., Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Baker, Timothy R., Dexter, Kyle G., Lewis, Simon L., ter Steege, Hans, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Brienen, Roel, Feldpausch, Ted R., Pitman, Nigel, Alonso, Alfonso, van der Heijden, Geertje, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Ahuite, Manuel, Alexiaides, Miguel, Álvarez Dávila, Esteban, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Arroyo, Luzmila, Aulestia, Milton, Balslev, Henrik, Barroso, Jorcely, Boot, Rene, Cano, Angela, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Comiskey, James A., Cornejo, Fernando, Dallmeier, Francisco, Daly, Douglas C., Dávila, Nallarett, Duivenvoorden, Joost F., Duque Montoya, Alvaro Javier, Erwin, Terry, Di Fiore, Anthony, Fredericksen, Todd, Fuentes, Alfredo, García-Villacorta, Roosevelt, Gonzales, Therany, Guevara Andino, Juan Ernesto, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Killeen, Timothy J., Malhi, Yadvinder, Mendoza, Casimiro, Mogollón, Hugo, Jørgensen, Peter Møller, Montero, Juan Carlos, Mostacedo, Bonifacio, Nauray, William, Neill, David, Vargas, Percy Núñez, Palacios, Sonia, Palacios Cuenca, Walter, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir Carolina, Peacock, Julie, Phillips, Juan Fernando, Pickavance, Georgia, Quesada, Carlos Alberto, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Restrepo, Zorayda, Reynel Rodriguez, Carlos, Paredes, Marcos Ríos, Sierra, Rodrigo, Silveira, Marcos, Stevenson, Pablo, Stropp, Juliana, Terborgh, John, Tirado, Milton, Toledo, Marisol, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Umaña, María Natalia, Urrego, Ligia Estela, Vasquez Martinez, Rodolfo, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Vela, César I.A., Vilanova Torre, Emilio, Vos, Vincent, von Hildebrand, Patricio, Vriesendorp, Corine, Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth R., Zartman, Charles Eugene, and Phillips, Oliver L.

Abstract

Within the tropics, the species richness of tree communities is strongly and positively associated with precipitation. Previous research has suggested that this macroecological pattern is driven by the negative effect of water-stress on the physiological processes of most tree species. This implies that the range limits of inventory plots of closed canopy forest distributed across the western Neotropics taxa are defined by their ability to occur under dry conditions, and thus in terms of species distributions predicts a nested pattern of taxa distribution from wet to dry areas. However, this 'dry-tolerance' hypothesis has yet to be adequately tested at large spatial and taxonomic scales. Here, using a dataset of 531 we investigated how precipitation, evaluated both as mean annual precipitation and as the maximum climatological water deficit, influences the distribution of tropical tree species, genera and families. We find that the distributions of tree taxa are indeed nested along precipitation gradients in the western Neotropics. Taxa tolerant to seasonal drought are disproportionally widespread across the precipitation gradient, with most reaching even the wettest climates sampled; however, most taxa analysed are restricted to wet areas. Our results suggest that the 'dry tolerance' hypothesis has broad applicability in the world's most species-rich forests. In addition, the large number of species restricted to wetter conditions strongly indicates that an increased frequency of drought could severely threaten biodiversity in this region. Overall, this study establishes a baseline for exploring how tropical forest tree composition may change in response to current and future environmental changes in this region.

Published
2017

11. Seasonal drought limits tree species across the Neotropics

Author

Esquivel‐Muelbert, Adriane, primary, Baker, Timothy R., additional, Dexter, Kyle G., additional, Lewis, Simon L., additional, ter Steege, Hans, additional, Lopez‐Gonzalez, Gabriela, additional, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, additional, Brienen, Roel, additional, Feldpausch, Ted R., additional, Pitman, Nigel, additional, Alonso, Alfonso, additional, van der Heijden, Geertje, additional, Peña‐Claros, Marielos, additional, Ahuite, Manuel, additional, Alexiaides, Miguel, additional, Álvarez Dávila, Esteban, additional, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, additional, Arroyo, Luzmila, additional, Aulestia, Milton, additional, Balslev, Henrik, additional, Barroso, Jorcely, additional, Boot, Rene, additional, Cano, Angela, additional, Chama Moscoso, Victor, additional, Comiskey, James A., additional, Cornejo, Fernando, additional, Dallmeier, Francisco, additional, Daly, Douglas C., additional, Dávila, Nallarett, additional, Duivenvoorden, Joost F., additional, Duque Montoya, Alvaro Javier, additional, Erwin, Terry, additional, Di Fiore, Anthony, additional, Fredericksen, Todd, additional, Fuentes, Alfredo, additional, García‐Villacorta, Roosevelt, additional, Gonzales, Therany, additional, Guevara Andino, Juan Ernesto, additional, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., additional, Huamantupa‐Chuquimaco, Isau, additional, Eliana Maria Jiménez, Rojas, additional, Killeen, Timothy J., additional, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Mendoza, Casimiro, additional, Mogollón, Hugo, additional, Jørgensen, Peter Møller, additional, Montero, Juan Carlos, additional, Mostacedo, Bonifacio, additional, Nauray, William, additional, Neill, David, additional, Vargas, Percy Núñez, additional, Palacios, Sonia, additional, Palacios Cuenca, Walter, additional, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir Carolina, additional, Peacock, Julie, additional, Phillips, Juan Fernando, additional, Pickavance, Georgia, additional, Quesada, Carlos Alberto, additional, Ramírez‐Angulo, Hirma, additional, Restrepo, Zorayda, additional, Reynel Rodriguez, Carlos, additional, Paredes, Marcos Ríos, additional, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, additional, Sierra, Rodrigo, additional, Silveira, Marcos, additional, Stevenson, Pablo, additional, Stropp, Juliana, additional, Terborgh, John, additional, Tirado, Milton, additional, Toledo, Marisol, additional, Torres‐Lezama, Armando, additional, Umaña, María Natalia, additional, Urrego, Ligia Estela, additional, Vasquez Martinez, Rodolfo, additional, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, additional, Vela, César I. A., additional, Vilanova Torre, Emilio, additional, Vos, Vincent, additional, von Hildebrand, Patricio, additional, Vriesendorp, Corine, additional, Wang, Ophelia, additional, Young, Kenneth R., additional, Zartman, Charles Eugene, additional, and Phillips, Oliver L., additional

Published
2016
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12. A Regional Red List of Montane Tree Species of the Tropical Andes: Trees at the top of the world

Author

Tejedor Garavito , Natalia, Álvarez Dávila, Esteban, Caro, Sandra Arango, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Baldeón, Severo, Beltrán, Hamilton, Blundo, Cecilia Mabel, Boza Espinoza, Tatiana Erika, Fuentes Claros, Alfredo, Gaviria, Juan, Gutiérrez, Néstor, Khela, Sonia, León, Blanca, la Torre Cuadros, Maria De Los Angeles, López Camacho, René, Malizia, Lucio Ricardo, Millán, Betty, Moraes R., Mónica, Newton, Adrian C., Pacheco, Silvia, Reynel, Carlos, Ulloa Ulloa, Carmen, and Vacas Cruz,Omar

Subjects
purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], TREES, RED LIST, ANDES, MONTANE FOREST, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https]
Abstract

Andean montane forests are a major global conservation priority owing to their biological richness and high level of species endemism. Botanically the Andes are very rich in species but they remain relatively unstudied. In common with montane forests elsewhere in the world, Andean forests are of great value for the provision of ecosystem services relating to water supply, regulation of regional climate and the capture and storage of carbon. The forests and their component species are however under threat. This report summarises information drawn from a wide variety of sources to provide a regional Red List of trees of Andean tropical montane forests. The species evaluation process has drawn on published national red lists of threatened species, botanical literature, specimen databases, forestry information and expert knowledge. The IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria have been used for the evaluation and a component of Natalia?s PhD study has been to evaluate their use for species with limited and dispersed data. Understanding the geographical distribution of the species is very important in conservation assessment. The maps produced for this study are a valuable starting point for the Red Listing and a baseline for monitoring impacts of climate change. In this assessment 70 species are recorded as globally threatened based on the IUCN Red List of Categories and Criteria out of 127 tree species evaluated. In addition 165 national endemic trees of the region have previously been evaluated as globally threatened based on the same IUCN process. In total therefore 235 tree species are currently considered to be threatened with extinction within the Andean montane forests. Fil: Tejedor Garavito , Natalia. Bournemouth University; Reino Unido Fil: Álvarez Dávila, Esteban. Jardín Botánico de Medellín; Colombia Fil: Caro, Sandra Arango. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados Unidos Fil: Murakami, Alejandro Araujo. Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado; Bolivia Fil: Baldeón, Severo. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Perú Fil: Beltrán, Hamilton. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Perú Fil: Blundo, Cecilia Mabel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecológicas de las Yungas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina Fil: Boza Espinoza, Tatiana Erika. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados Unidos Fil: Fuentes Claros, Alfredo. Herbario Nacional de Bolivia; Bolivia Fil: Gaviria, Juan. Universidad de Los Andes; Venezuela Fil: Gutiérrez, Néstor. Universidad de Los Andes; Venezuela Fil: Khela, Sonia. Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Reino Unido Fil: León, Blanca. University of Texas at Austin; Estados Unidos Fil: la Torre Cuadros, Maria De Los Angeles. Universidad Nacional Agraria; Perú Fil: López Camacho, René. Universidad Distrital; Colombia Fil: Malizia, Lucio Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Centro de Estudios Ambientales Territoriales y Sociales; Argentina Fil: Millán, Betty. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Perú Fil: Moraes R., Mónica. Herbario Nacional de Bolivia; Bolivia Fil: Newton, Adrian C.. Bournemouth University; Reino Unido Fil: Pacheco, Silvia. Fundación Proyungas; Argentina Fil: Reynel, Carlos. Universidad Nacional Agraria; Perú Fil: Ulloa Ulloa, Carmen. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados Unidos Fil: Vacas Cruz,Omar. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; Ecuador

Published
2014

13. Seasonal drought limits tree species across the Neotropics.

Author

Esquivel‐Muelbert, Adriane, Baker, Timothy R., Dexter, Kyle G., Lewis, Simon L., Steege, Hans, Lopez‐Gonzalez, Gabriela, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Brienen, Roel, Feldpausch, Ted R., Pitman, Nigel, Alonso, Alfonso, Heijden, Geertje, Peña‐Claros, Marielos, Ahuite, Manuel, Alexiaides, Miguel, Álvarez Dávila, Esteban, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Arroyo, Luzmila, Aulestia, Milton, and Balslev, Henrik

Subjects
EFFECT of drought on plants, PLANT communities, PLANT diversity, METEOROLOGICAL precipitation
Abstract

Within the tropics, the species richness of tree communities is strongly and positively associated with precipitation. Previous research has suggested that this macroecological pattern is driven by the negative effect of water-stress on the physiological processes of most tree species. This implies that the range limits of taxa are defined by their ability to occur under dry conditions, and thus in terms of species distributions predicts a nested pattern of taxa distribution from wet to dry areas. However, this 'dry-tolerance' hypothesis has yet to be adequately tested at large spatial and taxonomic scales. Here, using a dataset of 531 inventory plots of closed canopy forest distributed across the western Neotropics we investigated how precipitation, evaluated both as mean annual precipitation and as the maximum climatological water deficit, influences the distribution of tropical tree species, genera and families. We find that the distributions of tree taxa are indeed nested along precipitation gradients in the western Neotropics. Taxa tolerant to seasonal drought are disproportionally widespread across the precipitation gradient, with most reaching even the wettest climates sampled; however, most taxa analysed are restricted to wet areas. Our results suggest that the 'dry tolerance' hypothesis has broad applicability in the world's most species-rich forests. In addition, the large number of species restricted to wetter conditions strongly indicates that an increased frequency of drought could severely threaten biodiversity in this region. Overall, this study establishes a baseline for exploring how tropical forest tree composition may change in response to current and future environmental changes in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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14. Spatial patterns of above-ground structure, biomass and composition in a network of six Andean elevation transects

Author

Girardin, Cécile A.J., primary, Farfan-Rios, William, additional, Garcia, Karina, additional, Feeley, Keneth J., additional, Jørgensen, Peter M., additional, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, additional, Cayola Pérez, Leslie, additional, Seidel, Renate, additional, Paniagua, Narel, additional, Fuentes Claros, Alfredo F., additional, Maldonado, Carla, additional, Silman, Miles, additional, Salinas, Norma, additional, Reynel, Carlos, additional, Neill, David A., additional, Serrano, Martha, additional, Caballero, Carlos J., additional, La Torre Cuadros, María de los Angeles, additional, Macía, Maria J., additional, Killeen, Timothy J., additional, and Malhi, Yadvinder, additional

Published
2013
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15. Spatial patterns of above-ground structure, biomass and composition in a network of six Andean elevation transects.

Author

Girardin, Cécile A.J., Farfan-Rios, William, Garcia, Karina, Feeley, Keneth J., Jørgensen, Peter M., Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Cayola Pérez, Leslie, Seidel, Renate, Paniagua, Narel, Fuentes Claros, Alfredo F., Maldonado, Carla, Silman, Miles, Salinas, Norma, Reynel, Carlos, Neill, David A., Serrano, Martha, Caballero, Carlos J., La Torre Cuadros, María de los Angeles, Macía, Maria J., and Killeen, Timothy J.

Subjects
FOREST biomass, PLANT ecophysiology, METEOROLOGICAL precipitation, EFFECT of temperature on plants, CHEMICAL composition of plants
Abstract

Background:The Amazon to Andes transition zone provides large expanses of relatively pristine forest wilderness across environmental gradients. Such elevational gradients are an excellent natural laboratory for establishing long-term interactions between forest ecosystems and environmental parameters, which is valuable for understanding ecosystem responses to environmental change. Aims:This study presents data on elevational trends of forest structure (biomass, basal area, height, stem density), species richness, and composition from six elevational transects in the Andes. Methods:We analysed the spatial patterns of forest structure, above-ground biomass and composition from 76 permanent plots, ranging from lowland Amazonian rain forest to high-elevation cloud forests in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Results:Forest above-ground woody biomass stocks ranged from 247 Mg ha−1(Peru, 210 m) to 86 Mg ha−1(Peru, 3450 m), with significantly decreasing trends of tree height and biomass and an increasing trend of stem density with increasing elevation. We observed an increase in forest richness at three taxonomic levels at mid-elevation, followed by a decrease in richness within the cloud immersion zone. Conclusions:The transects show an increase in stem density, a decline in tree height and above-ground coarse wood biomass and a hump-shaped trend in species richness with increasing elevation. These results suggest that environmental change could lead to significant shifts in the properties of these ecosystems over time. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2014
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16. The global abundance of tree palms

Author

Muscarella, Robert, Emilio, Thaise, Phillips, Oliver L., Lewis, Simon L., Slik, Ferry, Baker, William J., Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Svenning, Jens‐Christian, Affum‐Baffoe, Kofi, Aiba, Shin‐Ichiro, Almeida, Everton C., Almeida, Samuel S., Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, Álvarez‐Dávila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F., Alvez‐Valles, Carlos Mariano, Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim, Guarin, Fernando Alzate, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E. O. C., Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ashton, Peter S., Corredor, Gerardo A. Aymard, Baker, Timothy R., Camargo, Plinio Barbosa, Barlow, Jos, Bastin, Jean‐François, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Bradford, Matt, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brewer, Steven W., Camargo, Jose L. C., Campbell, David G., Castilho, Carolina V., Castro, Wendeson, Catchpole, Damien, Cerón Martínez, Carlos E., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Cho, Percival, Chutipong, Wanlop, Clark, Connie, Collins, Murray, Comiskey, James A., Medina, Massiel Nataly Corrales, Costa, Flávia R. C., Culmsee, Heike, David‐Higuita, Heriberto, Davidar, Priya, Aguila‐Pasquel, Jhon, Derroire, Géraldine, Di Fiore, Anthony, Van Do, Tran, Doucet, Jean‐Louis, Dourdain, Aurélie, Drake, Donald R., Ensslin, Andreas, Erwin, Terry, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Ewers, Robert M., Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, Fischer, Markus, Franklin, Janet, Fredriksson, Gabriella M., Gillespie, Thomas W., Gilpin, Martin, Gonmadje, Christelle, Gunatilleke, Arachchige Upali Nimal, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Hall, Jefferson S., Hamer, Keith C., Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Herault, Bruno, Pizango, Carlos Gabriel Hidalgo, Coronado, Eurídice N. Honorio, Hubau, Wannes, Hussain, Mohammad Shah, Ibrahim, Faridah‐Hanum, Imai, Nobuo, Joly, Carlos A., Joseph, Shijo, K, Anitha, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kassi, Justin, Killeen, Timothy J., Kitayama, Kanehiro, Klitgård, Bente Bang, Kooyman, Robert, Labrière, Nicolas, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Levesley, Aurora, Lisingo, Janvier, Lovejoy, Thomas, Lovett, Jon C., Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Magnusson, William E., Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Malhi, Yadvinder, Mansor, Asyraf, Peña, Jose Luis Marcelo, Marimon‐Junior, Ben H., Marshall, Andrew R., Melgaco, Karina, Bautista, Casimiro Mendoza, Mihindou, Vianet, Millet, Jérôme, Milliken, William, Mohandass, D., Mendoza, Abel Lorenzo Monteagudo, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nagy, Laszlo, Seuaturien, Naret, Nascimento, Marcelo T., Neill, David A., Neto, Luiz Menini, Nilus, Rueben, Vargas, Mario Percy Núñez, Nurtjahya, Eddy, Araújo, R. Nazaré O., Onrizal, Onrizal, Palacios, Walter A., Palacios‐Ramos, Sonia, Parren, Marc, Paudel, Ekananda, Morandi, Paulo S., Pennington, R. Toby, Pickavance, Georgia, Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Poedjirahajoe, Erny, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, John R., Rama Chandra Prasad, P., Prieto, Adriana, Puyravaud, Jean‐Philippe, Qie, Lan, Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez‐Angulo, Hirma, Razafimahaimodison, Jean Claude, Reitsma, Jan Meindert, Requena‐Rojas, Edilson J., Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Rodriguez, Carlos Reynel, Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes, Lleras, Agustín Rudas, Rutishauser, Ervan, Rutten, Gemma, Punchi‐Manage, Ruwan, Salomão, Rafael P., Van Sam, Hoang, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schietti, Juliana, Schmitt, Christine B., Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Senbeta, Feyera, Nath Sharma, Lila, Sheil, Douglas, Sierra, Rodrigo, Silva‐Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Sonké, Bonaventure, Steininger, Marc K., Steinmetz, Robert, Stévart, Tariq, Sukumar, Raman, Sultana, Aisha, Sunderland, Terry C. H., Suresh, Hebbalalu Satyanarayana, Tang, Jianwei, Tanner, Edmund, Steege, Hans, Terborgh, John W., Theilade, Ida, Timberlake, Jonathan, Torres‐Lezama, Armando, Umunay, Peter, Uriarte, María, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Bult, Martin, Hout, Peter, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Wang, Ophelia, Webb, Campbell O., Webb, Edward L., White, Lee, Whitfeld, Timothy J. S., Wich, Serge, Willcock, Simon, Wiser, Susan K., Young, Kenneth R., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, Zartman, Charles E., Zo‐Bi, Irié Casimir, McGeoch, Melodie, and Balslev, Henrik

Subjects
13. Climate action, 15. Life on land, 580 Plants (Botany)
Abstract

Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.

17. The global abundance of tree palms

Author

Muscarella, Robert, Emilio, Thaise, Phillips, Oliver L., Lewis, Simon L., Slik, Ferry, Baker, William J., Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Svenning, Jens‐Christian, Affum‐Baffoe, Kofi, Aiba, Shin‐Ichiro, Almeida, Everton C., Almeida, Samuel S., Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, Álvarez‐Dávila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F., Alvez‐Valles, Carlos Mariano, Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim, Guarin, Fernando Alzate, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E. O. C., Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ashton, Peter S., Corredor, Gerardo A. Aymard, Baker, Timothy R., Camargo, Plinio Barbosa, Barlow, Jos, Bastin, Jean‐François, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Bradford, Matt, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brewer, Steven W., Camargo, Jose L. C., Campbell, David G., Castilho, Carolina V., Castro, Wendeson, Catchpole, Damien, Cerón Martínez, Carlos E., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Cho, Percival, Chutipong, Wanlop, Clark, Connie, Collins, Murray, Comiskey, James A., Medina, Massiel Nataly Corrales, Costa, Flávia R. C., Culmsee, Heike, David‐Higuita, Heriberto, Davidar, Priya, Aguila‐Pasquel, Jhon, Derroire, Géraldine, Di Fiore, Anthony, Van Do, Tran, Doucet, Jean‐Louis, Dourdain, Aurélie, Drake, Donald R., Ensslin, Andreas, Erwin, Terry, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Ewers, Robert M., Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, Fischer, Markus, Franklin, Janet, Fredriksson, Gabriella M., Gillespie, Thomas W., Gilpin, Martin, Gonmadje, Christelle, Gunatilleke, Arachchige Upali Nimal, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Hall, Jefferson S., Hamer, Keith C., Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Herault, Bruno, Pizango, Carlos Gabriel Hidalgo, Coronado, Eurídice N. Honorio, Hubau, Wannes, Hussain, Mohammad Shah, Ibrahim, Faridah‐Hanum, Imai, Nobuo, Joly, Carlos A., Joseph, Shijo, K, Anitha, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kassi, Justin, Killeen, Timothy J., Kitayama, Kanehiro, Klitgård, Bente Bang, Kooyman, Robert, Labrière, Nicolas, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Levesley, Aurora, Lisingo, Janvier, Lovejoy, Thomas, Lovett, Jon C., Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Magnusson, William E., Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Malhi, Yadvinder, Mansor, Asyraf, Peña, Jose Luis Marcelo, Marimon‐Junior, Ben H., Marshall, Andrew R., Melgaco, Karina, Bautista, Casimiro Mendoza, Mihindou, Vianet, Millet, Jérôme, Milliken, William, Mohandass, D., Mendoza, Abel Lorenzo Monteagudo, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nagy, Laszlo, Seuaturien, Naret, Nascimento, Marcelo T., Neill, David A., Neto, Luiz Menini, Nilus, Rueben, Vargas, Mario Percy Núñez, Nurtjahya, Eddy, Araújo, R. Nazaré O., Onrizal, Onrizal, Palacios, Walter A., Palacios‐Ramos, Sonia, Parren, Marc, Paudel, Ekananda, Morandi, Paulo S., Pennington, R. Toby, Pickavance, Georgia, Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Poedjirahajoe, Erny, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, John R., Rama Chandra Prasad, P., Prieto, Adriana, Puyravaud, Jean‐Philippe, Qie, Lan, Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez‐Angulo, Hirma, Razafimahaimodison, Jean Claude, Reitsma, Jan Meindert, Requena‐Rojas, Edilson J., Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Rodriguez, Carlos Reynel, Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes, Lleras, Agustín Rudas, Rutishauser, Ervan, Rutten, Gemma, Punchi‐Manage, Ruwan, Salomão, Rafael P., Van Sam, Hoang, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schietti, Juliana, Schmitt, Christine B., Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Senbeta, Feyera, Nath Sharma, Lila, Sheil, Douglas, Sierra, Rodrigo, Silva‐Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Sonké, Bonaventure, Steininger, Marc K., Steinmetz, Robert, Stévart, Tariq, Sukumar, Raman, Sultana, Aisha, Sunderland, Terry C. H., Suresh, Hebbalalu Satyanarayana, Tang, Jianwei, Tanner, Edmund, Steege, Hans, Terborgh, John W., Theilade, Ida, Timberlake, Jonathan, Torres‐Lezama, Armando, Umunay, Peter, Uriarte, María, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Bult, Martin, Hout, Peter, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Wang, Ophelia, Webb, Campbell O., Webb, Edward L., White, Lee, Whitfeld, Timothy J. S., Wich, Serge, Willcock, Simon, Wiser, Susan K., Young, Kenneth R., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, Zartman, Charles E., Zo‐Bi, Irié Casimir, McGeoch, Melodie, Balslev, Henrik, Muscarella, Robert, Emilio, Thaise, Phillips, Oliver L., Lewis, Simon L., Slik, Ferry, Baker, William J., Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Svenning, Jens‐Christian, Affum‐Baffoe, Kofi, Aiba, Shin‐Ichiro, Almeida, Everton C., Almeida, Samuel S., Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, Álvarez‐Dávila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F., Alvez‐Valles, Carlos Mariano, Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim, Guarin, Fernando Alzate, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis E. O. C., Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ashton, Peter S., Corredor, Gerardo A. Aymard, Baker, Timothy R., Camargo, Plinio Barbosa, Barlow, Jos, Bastin, Jean‐François, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Bradford, Matt, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brewer, Steven W., Camargo, Jose L. C., Campbell, David G., Castilho, Carolina V., Castro, Wendeson, Catchpole, Damien, Cerón Martínez, Carlos E., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Cho, Percival, Chutipong, Wanlop, Clark, Connie, Collins, Murray, Comiskey, James A., Medina, Massiel Nataly Corrales, Costa, Flávia R. C., Culmsee, Heike, David‐Higuita, Heriberto, Davidar, Priya, Aguila‐Pasquel, Jhon, Derroire, Géraldine, Di Fiore, Anthony, Van Do, Tran, Doucet, Jean‐Louis, Dourdain, Aurélie, Drake, Donald R., Ensslin, Andreas, Erwin, Terry, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Ewers, Robert M., Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, Fischer, Markus, Franklin, Janet, Fredriksson, Gabriella M., Gillespie, Thomas W., Gilpin, Martin, Gonmadje, Christelle, Gunatilleke, Arachchige Upali Nimal, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Hall, Jefferson S., Hamer, Keith C., Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Herault, Bruno, Pizango, Carlos Gabriel Hidalgo, Coronado, Eurídice N. Honorio, Hubau, Wannes, Hussain, Mohammad Shah, Ibrahim, Faridah‐Hanum, Imai, Nobuo, Joly, Carlos A., Joseph, Shijo, K, Anitha, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kassi, Justin, Killeen, Timothy J., Kitayama, Kanehiro, Klitgård, Bente Bang, Kooyman, Robert, Labrière, Nicolas, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Levesley, Aurora, Lisingo, Janvier, Lovejoy, Thomas, Lovett, Jon C., Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Magnusson, William E., Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Malhi, Yadvinder, Mansor, Asyraf, Peña, Jose Luis Marcelo, Marimon‐Junior, Ben H., Marshall, Andrew R., Melgaco, Karina, Bautista, Casimiro Mendoza, Mihindou, Vianet, Millet, Jérôme, Milliken, William, Mohandass, D., Mendoza, Abel Lorenzo Monteagudo, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nagy, Laszlo, Seuaturien, Naret, Nascimento, Marcelo T., Neill, David A., Neto, Luiz Menini, Nilus, Rueben, Vargas, Mario Percy Núñez, Nurtjahya, Eddy, Araújo, R. Nazaré O., Onrizal, Onrizal, Palacios, Walter A., Palacios‐Ramos, Sonia, Parren, Marc, Paudel, Ekananda, Morandi, Paulo S., Pennington, R. Toby, Pickavance, Georgia, Pipoly, John J., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Poedjirahajoe, Erny, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, John R., Rama Chandra Prasad, P., Prieto, Adriana, Puyravaud, Jean‐Philippe, Qie, Lan, Quesada, Carlos A., Ramírez‐Angulo, Hirma, Razafimahaimodison, Jean Claude, Reitsma, Jan Meindert, Requena‐Rojas, Edilson J., Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Rodriguez, Carlos Reynel, Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes, Lleras, Agustín Rudas, Rutishauser, Ervan, Rutten, Gemma, Punchi‐Manage, Ruwan, Salomão, Rafael P., Van Sam, Hoang, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schietti, Juliana, Schmitt, Christine B., Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Senbeta, Feyera, Nath Sharma, Lila, Sheil, Douglas, Sierra, Rodrigo, Silva‐Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Sonké, Bonaventure, Steininger, Marc K., Steinmetz, Robert, Stévart, Tariq, Sukumar, Raman, Sultana, Aisha, Sunderland, Terry C. H., Suresh, Hebbalalu Satyanarayana, Tang, Jianwei, Tanner, Edmund, Steege, Hans, Terborgh, John W., Theilade, Ida, Timberlake, Jonathan, Torres‐Lezama, Armando, Umunay, Peter, Uriarte, María, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Bult, Martin, Hout, Peter, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Wang, Ophelia, Webb, Campbell O., Webb, Edward L., White, Lee, Whitfeld, Timothy J. S., Wich, Serge, Willcock, Simon, Wiser, Susan K., Young, Kenneth R., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, Zartman, Charles E., Zo‐Bi, Irié Casimir, McGeoch, Melodie, and Balslev, Henrik

Abstract

Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical

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