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Oral cancer and oropharyngeal cancer represent a large group disorder that falls into the head and neck category and is considered as the most leading cause of death in developing countries. The prime reason for the high mortality rate of patients suffering from oral cancer is the delay in the diagnosis of the type and grade of oral cancer and also in the offering of prompt treatment. A report from India demonstrated that 35% of oral squamous carcinoma contains H-ras gene mutations which are an oncogene. Advances in the field of oncogenes have created an instrument to examine the various phases of carcinogenesis, including progress from premalignant to metastatic stages. These systems have direct importance to oral malignancy where the precancerous stage is very much characterized. Primer investigations into the articulation and capacity of oncogenes recommend anomalies including the individual proliferation of at least three kinds of these oncogenes. Some of the oncogenes associated with oral cancer are studied in this article and the factors contributing to its molecular basis like chromosome instability and telomerase activity are also discussed briefly. There are many risk factors and other predisposing factors that may affect the diagnosis, prognosis, and progression of oral cancer and are also discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present episode of COVID-19 coronavirus disease among people in Wuhan (China) vigorously affected the worldwide wellbeing and psychological wellness. In spite of all assets utilized to neutralize the spreading of the infection, worldwide systems are expected to deal with the related emotional wellbeing issues. This flare-up is prompting extra medical issues, for example, stress, nervousness and sleeping disorders. Aggregate concerns impact day to day practices, economy, health associations and clinical centers, which can debilitate methodologies of COVID-19 control and lead to greater needs at a worldwide level. There have been unprecedented measures adopted to control the rapid spread during the COVID-19 pandemic. This survey deals with the adherence to control measures exhibited by the public, effects on their life and their knowledge and awareness levels were evaluated and analysed. A self developed questionnaire of about 15 questions was prepared and circulated in google forms.The questions were based on the participants awareness level and practice of the preventive measures. This survey was conducted among the South Indian population using an online platform. 100 people have responded to the survey . The data was evaluated using SPSS software and Chisquare test was used for assessing statistical significance,p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Above average level of awareness of the preventive measures and possible development of mental and emotional issues were exhibited by the participants. Though the level of awareness wass high, other issues like the emotional challenges were present in more than 50% of the participants. The study shows that the general public has a high awareness level on preventive measures and treatment of emotional issues are the need of the hour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rheumatic fever (RF) is an inflammatory disease that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain. RF may occur following an infection of the throat by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. If the infection is untreated, RF can occur in up to 3% of people. The underlying mechanism is believed to involve the production of antibodies against a person's own tissues. Oral manifestation of systemic diseases occurs earlier relative to systemic manifestations. Early clinical observation of these manifestations would aid in diagnosis of the underlying systemic condition. This study aims to evaluate the awareness of dental practitioners about the oral manifestations of RF. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire of about 15 questions is prepared. A survey among 100 dental practitioners is taken. This survey is taken among the South Indian dentist population. The questions were such that they questioned the participants' awareness level. Some of the questions also inquired regarding the doctor's identification methods pertaining to oral manifestations. Results: About 44% of people are not aware of the oral manifestations of RF and some of the important ratios have been presented to spread awareness. According to the study, the dental practitioners are unaware about the treatment and preventive measure of RF. They also mostly do not have knowledge about management strategies. Conclusion: From the study, it is evident that the dental practitioners were unaware of the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of RF even though it was not much prevalent in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the most common types of sleep apnea is obstructive sleep apnea and obstruction of the respiratory tract which may either be partial or complete causes this. This disease is a chronic condition and if left untreated or undiagnosed may lead to cardiovascular problems, stroke, etc. It is characterized by loud snoring, headaches which keep recurring, and also tiredness even after waking up in the morning. The aim of this study is to create awareness regarding obstructive sleep apnea in people above the age of 30 years. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire of about 20 questions is prepared. A survey among the people above the age of 30 years is taken. This survey is taken among the South Indian population. The questions were such that they questioned the participants' awareness level and their presence of symptoms which could indicate the acquiring of obstructive sleep apnea in a few years. Some of the questions also inquired regarding the patient's lifestyle and inherited qualities which may lead to obstructive sleep apnea. Result: 70% of people are not aware of the condition called obstructive sleep apnea and their possibilities of getting this chronic condition was evaluated, and some of the important ratios have been presented to spread awareness. Conclusion: We have come to know that the awareness level is less among the people pertaining to this survey about obstructive sleep apnea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tejovati (Zanthoxylum armatum) popularly known as toothache tree is widely distributed in the subtropical Himalayan region. Osteolysis induced by chronic Gram-negative bacterial infection underlies many bone diseases such as osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and periodontitis. Drugs that inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced osteolysis are critically needed for the prevention of bone destruction in infective bone diseases. Materials and Methods: In this study, we will assess the effect of Z. armatum extract on LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss by Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining assay. Results: The treatment of oregano oil significantly reduced LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis. Conclusion: There may be a preventative measure for LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis based on the preventive action of Z. armatum extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sex determination is very crucial for forensic odontology and archeology. Skull is very important because it provides a protective case for the brain and special sense organs. Skulls are all usually very well preserved in most cases. Many times the skeletal parts can be fragmented and cannot be used for determination of the sex at that time morphological features of bones are taken into consideration because digital measurements cannot be done. It is one of the most promising used skeletal part in forensics. Different physical parameters of the human teeth are taken for research in this study. The study is taken with the aim of determination of sex using different parameters of maxillary central incisors. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the sex of an individual using different morphological parameters of the maxillary central incisors. Materials and Methods: Maxillary central incisors of both males and females are taken. About 30 individuals between the age group of 18 and 21 of Saveetha Dental College, Poonamallee, Chennai, were observed. The mesiodistal distance and the proximal distance were mainly focused. The teeth were closely examined, and the difference among them was noted. Results: The sex differences among the maxillary central incisors of male and female were found. All these physical differences could be seen in all individuals of the sample collection. Conclusion: All these differences are very important in determining the sex of the skull in forensic dentistry or medicine. Sex determination is easy and the very best method today. Sexual dimorphism is also found out by it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is scientific study of fingerprints. It is the process of taking the impression of papillary ridges. A series of ridges enter the pattern area on one side of the digit, curves, and leaves on the same side. Fingerprints are likewise influenced by a man's domain while creating in the womb. Along these lines, you may have seen a few cases of unique mark designs likely being acquired. In any case, this might not have dependably been the situation for people you know to be firmly related. Materials and Methods: The right thumbs of parents and their biological children regardless of their genders were collected and observed and unrelated individuals' right thumbprints were also taken for the study. The presence and absence of loops were observed for this research. Results: More than 60% of the fingerprints sample (presence and absence of loops) of genetically related individuals are matched. Conclusion: Fingerprints are, hence, found to be hereditary to an extent to which they still remain unique and different. The inclusion of other patterns may increase the similarities of the fingerprints. This may be of significance in the future pertaining to the department of forensics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]