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資料番号: PA1510076000

application/pdf, Journal Article

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Tree height is an important parameter in forestry for evaluating stem volume, selling trees, and scheduling tree felling. Current wood prices are low, and some forests are not managed, even in the traditional “Yoshino Forestry” area in Nara Prefecture. Recently, a new approach has been introduced to reduce cutting costs. To achieve cost savings, it is important to determine the distribution of tree heights. The Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) with the onboard Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM) sensor was launched on January 24, 2006. PRISM observes land surfaces from three different directions, at a spatial resolution of 2.5 m and with a spectral range from 0.55 to 0.77μm. Digital surface models (DSMs) can be produced from PRISM data. For mountainous areas, the difference in height between the DSM and the ground height can be considered to be the crown height. This study estimated height differences using a DSM and a digital terrain model (DTM) for the Nara Prefecture area of Japan. Abnormal differences in height were recorded, including values lower than -10 m and higher than 70 m. The areas with negative height values corresponded to a lake formed by a dam, a river, and mountain slopes. Areas where heights were considered too high were affected by cloud. In Yoshino District, crown height was validated using two tree-height datasets, one consisting of tree heights measured in a field survey and the other composed of light-detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. Both datasets were compared with the forest stand database for Nara Prefecture. The crown height estimates were separated into two categories : areas with successful and failed estimates. Areas with successful estimates were often on sout-facing slopes. We hypothesize that brightness or texture differences between nadir and backward images resulted in mismatching when the DSM was calculated. For areas with successful estimates, there were differences of several meters between estimated crown heights and average tree heights in the smallest management areas. These results indicate that the estimated crown heights were not sufficiently accurate for estimating average tree heights in the smallest forest management areas. However, the crown height estimates can be used to extract areas of large-diameter trees within the cutting cycle and to note inconsistencies in tree heights compared with the forest management database. The pre-processing method needs to be improved to allow its use in areas where estimates failed., 資料番号: PA1410053000

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資料番号: PA0810113000

前報において市販納豆菌に匹敵する胞子割合が得られなかった，Bacillus subtilis KFP 4（市販高橋菌より分離）の胞子形成の検討と，食品エキスを用いたMn2＋添加を試みた．（1）平板培養の温度を37℃から最適温度の40℃にし，培養時間を延長，遠心分離前にホモジナイズを行ったところ胞子数，胞子割合はともに増加し，特に培養2日後の平板を用いたとき，最多の胞子数が得られた．（2）Mn2＋添加濃度を前報の0.1mmol/lから0.01mmol/lに変えることにより，最多の胞子数が得られ，その時の胞子割合は99.5％であった．（3）Mn2＋源として五訂増補標準食品成分表に掲載の食品の中でマンガン含量の多かったあおさ，あおのり（生），あおのり（乾），けしの実からエキスを抽出し，NBP培地に添加してKFP 4を培養し胞子形成させた結果，胞子割合90％以上のスターターを調製することができた．（4）0.01mmol/l Mn2＋および4種類の食品エキスを用いて調製したスターターで製造した納豆の間には，官能検査の評価に大きな差は見られなかった．（5）Mn2＋濃度を各菌株に適切な濃度に調整することで，種々の菌株を高い胞子割合でスターター化できることが示唆された．

紫外線が皮膚に及ぼす影響については、多くの研究がある。しかしながら、皮膚以外に及ぼす影響についての研究は少ない。そこで、本研究においては、ヘアレスマウスを用いて免疫器官および内分泌器官に及ぼす影響について組織学的に検討した。雌のヘアレスマウス(Hr-/Kud;8週令)を材料として用いた。紫外線を含む太陽光を模した人工太陽光ランプ(VITA-LITE)を光源として用いた。また、紫外線を除去するために紫外線カットフィルム(アクリプレン;三菱レイヨン)を用いた。明暗周期(12時間明:12時間暗)、恒温(25℃)の条件下で動物を飼育した。紫外線を含む人工太陽光に照射されたマウスは、アクリプレンフィルターで紫外線をカットしたマウスに比べてシクロブタン型ピリミジンダイマーが顕著に多かった。器官重量(胸腺、脾臓、卵巣、肝臓)は紫外線を含む人工太陽光と紫外線をカットした人工太陽光の間で違いは見られなかった。また、血液像、組織学的観察においても両者の間に顕著な違いは見られなかった。, Effects of ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation on the skin physiology have been studied well. However, other effects than the skin physiology have not been investigated so much. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of UV irradiation on the immune and endocrine organs in hairless mice. Female hairless mice(Hr-/Kud; 8 weeks old)were used as a material. An artificial solar lamp (VITA-LITE; Light Sources Co. Ltd.) that simulates solar spectra including UV was used as a light source and a sheet of film (Acryplen: Mitsubishi Rayon) was used to remove UV. The animals were kept in a light and temperature controlled room (12 hour light and 12 hour darkness at 25 ℃). Significantly greater cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers (CPDs) were detected in the skin of hairless mice when exposed to the solar simulated light with radiation (VITA-LITE) than that of animals exposed to the solar simulated light without UV. Organ weights (thymus, spleen, ovary, adrenal gland and liver) did not show statistical differences between the animals exposed to the solar simulated light with and without UV. Histological observation of these organs has not shown differences between the animals exposed to the solar simulated radiation with and without UV. Thus, the intensity of UV radiation used in the present study was strong enough to induce DNA damage in the skin, but it did not induce histological changes in immune and endocrine organs., 論文

[ABSTRACT] Forest classes for global land cover data is important for global environmental studies. However, it is difficult to correctly classify needle-leaves forest and broad-leaves forest using phenology information extracted from observation data as a nadir view. In this study, we attempted to differntiate needle-leaves and broad-leaves forests using MOD09GA and MYD09GA. To produce pseudo multidirectional satellite data, we selected several days of data with scannig widths overtapping along the crosstrack direction. We used the pseudo multidirectional data sets to study reflectance on four bands, as well as the variation with solar zenith and relative azimuth for NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and GVI (the green chlorophyll index). Data selection followed criteria aimed to reduce as much as possible the influence of viewing direction and terrain conditions. We found that NDVI and GVI change depending on the solar zenith and relative azimuth. Using data in limited ranges of solar zenith and relative azimuth, it was not possible to clearly show differences between the characteristics of needle-leaves forest and broad-leaves forest from pseudo multidirectional observation data. However, we found differences for both NDVI and GVI between nadir and stant data depending in the surface state of the forest.

AMSR・AMSR-E/GLIシンポジウム (2006年1月23日. 都市センターホテル), 千代田区, 東京, AMSR・AMSR-E/GLI Symposium (January 23, 2006. Toshi Center Hotel), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AD1610013004

形態: カラー図版あり, 形態: DVD-ROM1枚, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Note: One DVD-ROM, 資料番号: AA0065135048, レポート番号: JAXA-SP-11-007E

関連論文:Physics Letters B, Vol. 332, pp. 477-487 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/037026939491284X