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2. Trends of Antimicrobial Consumption in Hospital: Tackling the Hidden Part of the Iceberg with an Electronic Personalised Prescription Software for Antimicrobial Stewardship
- Author
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Bertolino, G., primary, Marras, L., additional, Mureddu, V., additional, Camboni, M., additional, and Cadeddu, A., additional
- Published
- 2022
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3. Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease
- Author
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Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, MacFadyen JG, Chang WH, Ballantyne C, Fonseca F, Nicolau J, Koenig W, Anker SD, Kastelein JJP, Cornel JH, Pais P, Pella D, Genest J, Cifkova R, Lorenzatti A, Forster T, Kobalava Z, Vida-Simiti L, Flather M, Shimokawa H, Ogawa H, Dellborg M, Rossi PRF, Troquay RPT, Libby P, Glynn RJ, Novo S, Krum H, Varigos J, Siostrzonek P, Sinnaeve P, Gotcheva N, Yong H, Urina-Triana M, Milicic D, Vettus R, Manolis AJ, Wyss F, Sigurdsson A, Fucili A, Veze I, Petrauskiene B, Salvador L, Klemsdal TO, Medina F, Budaj A, Otasevic P, Lainscak M, Seung KB, Commerford P, Donath M, Hwang JJ, Kultursay H, Bilazarian S, East C, Forgosh L, Harris B, Ligueros M, Bohula E, Charmarthi B, Cheng S, Chou S, Danik J, McMahon G, Maron B, Ning M, Olenchock B, Pande R, Perlstein T, Pradhan A, Rost N, Singhal A, Taqueti V, Wei N, Burris H, Cioffi A, Dalseg AM, Ghosh N, Gralow J, Mayer T, Rugo H, Fowler V, Limaye AP, Cosgrove S, Levine D, Lopes R, Scott J, Hilkert R, Tamesby G, Mickel C, Manning B, Woelcke J, Tan M, Manfreda S, Ponce T, Kam J, Saini R, Banker K, Salko T, Nandy P, Tawfik R, O’Neil G, Manne S, Jirvankar P, Lal S, Nema D, Jose J, Collins R, Bailey K, Blumenthal R, Colhoun H, Gersh B, Abreu M, Actis MV, Aiub J, Aiub F, Albisu J, Alvarisqueta A, Avalos V, Barreto M, Berli MA, Blumberg C, Bocanera M, Botta C, Bowen L, Budassi N, Buhlman S, Westberg JC, Carabajal T, Caruso G, Casala J, Cendali G, Coloma G, Berra FC, Cuneo C, Degennaro N, Dellasa M, Diaz M, Dos Santos P, Espinosa V, Facello A, Facello M, Farias E, Fernandez AA, Ferrari V, Pacora FF, Flores GS, Franco M, Gabito A, Viola HG, Garcia F, Garcia Duran R, Garcia Pinna J, Glenny J, Godoy Sanchez M, Grosse A, Guzman P, Hasbani E, Hominal M, Ibañez J, Jure H, Jure D, Vico ML, Liniado G, Luciardi H, Luquez H, Maehara G, Maffei L, Majul C, Mallagray M, Marinaro S, Martinez J, Massaccesi R, De Los Milagros Had M, Azize GM, Montana O, Montenegro E, Morell Y, Muntaner J, Navarrete S, Olmedo M, Paganini M, Paz S, Perez Manghi F, Piskorz D, Polato C, Recoaro R, Romano A, Salinger M, Sanchez A, Saravia MA, Sarjanovich R, Scaro G, Schiavi LB, Soler J, Tinnirello V, Tomassi A, Valle M, Vallejo MA, Venturini C, Marcela Wenetz LM, Yossen M, Zaidman C, Zalazar L, Zangroniz P, Amerena J, Brady L, Colquhoun D, Eccleston D, Ferreira-Jardim A, French J, Jayasinghe R, Mcintosh C, Ord M, Plotz M, Purnell P, Roberts-Thomson P, Schultz C, Shanahan T, Tan R, Taverner P, Turner F, Vibert J, Vorster M, William M, Youssef G, Bergler-Klein J, Brath H, Brodmann M, Fliesser-Goerzer E, Haider K, Heeren G, Hiden C, Mandic L, Paulweber B, Ploechl A, Prenner A, Steringer-Mascherbauer R, Strohner-Kaestenbauer H, Barbato E, Bouvy C, Briké C, Charlier F, Cools F, De Knijf K, De Wolf L, Delforge M, Deweerdt N, Gits F, Goffinet C, Hermans K, Hollanders G, Mestdagh I, Pirenne B, Servaes V, Simons N, Tahon S, Theunissen E, Van Genechten G, Vervoort G, Vissers C, Vranckx P, Vrolix M, Abib E Jr, Abrantes J, Araujo Fonseca M, Barbosa E, Barroso W, Barroso A, Bodanese L, Botelho R, Costa Amorim R, Da Costa F, Da Silva A, Da Silva O Jr, Da Silva D Jr, Ferreira Dos Santos T, Dos Santos F, Dos Santos A, Duda N, Feitosa G, Felario Junior GA, Ferraz R, Filho P, Fonseca A, Wanderley FF, Freitas E, Fucci F, Marengo Garcia De Carvalho L, Hernandez M, Hettwer Magedanz E, Julião K, Kormann A, Lameira A, Lima F, Lino E, Maia L, Manenti E, Marchi AL, Fischer SM, Michalaros Y, Moraes J Jr, Moreira L, Pagnan M, Pesce F, Pinheiro L, Rassi S, Reis G, Reis H, Resende I, Roel A, Ruschel K, Saporito W, Saraiva JF, Seroqui M, Silva R, Unterkircher B, Vicente C, Vieira N, Xavier JP, Zucchetti C, Angelova I, Dimitrov G, Genova D, Gospodinov K, Goudev A, Grigorova V, Hristova K, Makedonska JJ, Katova T, Kostov K, Lazov P, Manov E, Manukov I, Manukov D, Milanova M, Kabakchieva VM, Petrov D, Petrusheva T, Pramatarova I, Raev D, Runev N, Sirakova-Taseva A, Tisheva-Gospodinova S, Todorova A, Tzekova M, Yakovova S, Yanev T, Abulencia K, Arora S, Baker A, Bata IR, Beaudry M, Belle Isle J, Bilodeau N, Boivin MC, Bolduc H, Bourgeois S, Brons S, Cantor W, Chaussé I, Chhabra A, Chouinard G, Cleveland T, Dattani D, Deslongchamps F, Diodati J, Drouin K, Duchesne L, Fontaine S, d'Amours DG, Gervais B, Gosselin G, Graham J, Grover A, Gupta A, Haldane H, Hartleib M, Hickey L, Huynh T, Johnston J, Julien VE, Lachance P, Lake J, Lamontagne C, Lauzon C, Lepage S, Maheux K, Manyari D, Martin E, McPherson C, Mehta S, Michaud N, Kouz SM, Murphy G, OKeefe D, Otis R, Ouimet F, Pandey S, Peck C, Perkins L, Richert L, Robbins K, Robinson S, Cabau JR, Ross B, Roy C, Roy M, Roy A, Rupka D, Affaki GS, Saunders K, Savard D, Soucy D, St Amour E, Thiessen S, Vertes G, Vezina M, Vincelli G, Weisnagel SJ, Zadra R, Chen J, Chen Y, Dong X, Feng Y, Feng Z, Fu G, Han B, Hao Y, He Y, He Z, Hong T, Jia Z, Jiang T, Jiang J, Jiang X, Ke Y, Li Y, Li Z, Li W, Li X, Liu P, Liu Y, Liu B, Liu S, Liu L, Lu Z, Lv Y, Ma C, Ma G, Peng L, Qing L, Ren L, Sang X, Song M, Sun Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Wei J, Wu W, Wu J, Xu H, Yan J, Yang P, Yang K, Yao Z, Yaoqing H, Yuan Z, Zhai Z, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhao R, Zhou H, Accini Mendoza JL, Aparicio CV, Castillo T, Chaverra I, Conrado Y, Coronel J, Cotes C, Cuentas I, Cuervo A, Dussan MA, Echeverria L, Hernandez E, Ibarra J, Isaza D, Jimenez D, Lopez P, Manzur F, Mejia I, Mendoza Y, Molina DI, Patino JM, Rodriguez D, Rodriguez LM, Rodriguez SM, Sanchez Vallejo G, Luz Serrano H, Sotomayor A, Urina M, Vesga B, Yupanqui H, Akrap B, Busic N, Ciglenecki N, Cmrecnjak J, Fucak E, Gabor M, Jeric M, Jutrisa N, Kordic K, Planinc I, Popovic Z, Radeljic V, Sesto I, Sutalo K, Tusek S, Belohlavek J, Budkova J, Busak L, Capova L, Cech V, Cermak O, Coufalova Z, Cyprian R, Dedek V, Dedkova S, Ferkl R, Hanak P, Hanustiakova A, Homza M, Horackova K, Houra M, Iveta H, Kaiserova L, Kala P, Karel I, Kellnerova I, Koleckar P, Kreckova M, Krupicka J, Lorenc Z, Machova V, Malik J, Masarikova L, Matyasek I, Mikus M, Mikusova T, Ondrasik J, Otava M, Palubova L, Pavlickova L, Peterka M, Petrova I, Pokorna B, Povolny P, Radvan M, Reznakova S, Rickova Z, Roszkowska P, Rotreklova M, Samkova D, Skalicka H, Slechticka A, Sternthal P, Telekes P, Tesak M, Vesely P, Vesely J, Vins P, Vitovec M, Vodnansky P, Zidova M, Keba E, Laane E, Pool T, Randvee L, Ratnik E, Reimand M, Reinmets S, Rivis L, Siemann M, Stern M, Toom M, Vahula V, Apel T, Axthelm C, Ayasse D, Ayasse M, Baar M, Baeumer A, Bagi ES, Becker B, Binder A, Blankenberg S, Braun P, Johansen BB, Contzen C, Delfonso F, Denecke C, Dengler T, Donaubauer T, Eichinger G, Englmann E, Erhard M, Faghih M, Foerster A, Frankenstein L, Fuchs R, Furch G, Gaeb-Strasas B, Germann H, Giese C, Goette A, Gravenhorst-Muenter U, Haege R, Haenel T, Hagemann D, Hagenow A, Hanefeld M, Heider J, Heisters J, Hennig D, Hielscher S, Himpel-Boenninghoff A, Holscher A, Hornig M, Jeserich M, Kaczmarek N, Kanitz S, Kara YD, Khariouzov A, Kiefer R, Kiroglu K, Klamm M, Klein C, Korth-Wiemann B, Krapivsky A, Kuenzler J, Kuntzsch A, Landers B, Lappo M, Laube S, Leggewie S, Lehmann D, Lepp H, Lierse T, Lindner C, Luecke-Uzar M, Luedemann J, Marschke T, Maruzzo S, Mauersberger K, Maus O, Meinrich M, Meissner A, Moehring B, Muehlhaus J, Mueller S, Muenter KC, Muenzel T, Naumann R, Nebel J, Neumann J, Nuding S, Overhoff U, Papke B, Pencz I, Peter Y, Peukert AM, Radde I, Rau T, Regner S, Reichenbach D, Reimer D, Rinke A, Roettges R, Romanski A, Rummel R, Samer H, Sanuri M, Sarnighausen HE, Schäfer B, Scheibner T, Schermaul KH, Schindler A, Schlundt C, Schmidt E, Schmidt K, Schnabel A, Schoen N, Schorn K, Schroeder T, Schulenburg D, Schulz M, Schulze U, Schulze J, Schumacher M, Schwerin G, Schwerin M, Stadelmeier S, Stahl HD, Stahl A, Stockhausen J, Stockhausen G, Stoessel J, Stolze K, Stratmann M, Szymanowski N, Teschner AB, Teske A, Uecker C, Veit S, Voeller H, Walter I, Walter J, Walther I, Weber HG, Weimer J, Wichterich K, Wiebusch A, Willmerdinger M, Willner C, Winkelmann B, Winkler J, Wistuba T, Woehrle J, Wohnlich T, Wolf S, Woyczak D, Wrage P, Zirlik A, Anadiotis A, Chachalis G, Dermitzakis A, Kafarakis P, Kaldara E, Kolokathis F, Kostakou P, Lekakis J, Manolis A, Mantas I, Megalou A, Milkas A, Nanas J, Olympios CD, Patsilinakos S, Perperis A, Poulimenos L, Saloustros I, Tsioufis K, Tsorbatzoglou K, Vardas P, Zarifis I, Aguilar M, Arango JL, Borrayo NA, Corona V, Guerrero A, Guzman I, Haase F, De Krumbach L, Montenegro P, Munoz R, Munoz N, Paniagua A, Solares A, Vogel M, Anita S, Blazsek Z, Decsi K, Fulop T, Hangyal T, Hegedus V, Kalina A, Karakai H, Katona A, Kiss RG, Kovacs A, Laszlo Z, Lupkovics G, Medvegy M, Merkely B, Mihaly N, Nagy AC, Dékány JN, Nikoletta P, Noori E, Penzes J, Poor F, Sarszegi Z, Simay A, Simon J, Szakal I, Szatmarine V, Szocs A, Zilahi Z, Karsai XZ, Andersen K, Sigurdadottir E, Skuladottir F, Abdullakutty J, Abhaichand R, Abhyankar A, Agarwal DK, Aggarwal RK, Ahire N, Awasthi AK, Babu R, Bai A, Bali HK, Banker D, Bhadade S, Bisne V, Bohra P, Raghu C, Chauhan D, Chauhan H, Chavada J, Chaware G, Chella S, Chintala P, Dash D, Desai D, Devasia T, Dhanak R, Dobariya H, Dudhatra N, Duhan S, Fulwani M, Ghondale N, Ghosh S, Gohel P, Govindaraj D, Goyal B, Goyal S, Gundala AK, Gupta M, Hardas S, Iby M, Jagtap P, Jain A, Joshi U, Karpuram M, Kaur H, Khan A, Khan R, Kodem DR, Koeitti P, Kulkarni L, Kullal P, Kumar KS, Kumbla M, Latheef K, Lohkare M, Santosh MJ, Makhe B, Mandati M, Mehta A, Minocha G, Mittal A, Modi R, Mohan K, Oomman A, Pai R, Pai V, Palaniswami N, Pansheriya A, Parekh N, Patel J, Patel R, Patole T, Praveen M, Radhakrishnan V, Rajan B A, Rajasekhar D, Rao M, Rao MB, Rao NM, Rathnavel S, Rathore A, Rathore SRS, Rawat S, Reddy NC, Sarma R, Sathe S, Shah J, Shaikh P, Sharma K, Sharma S, Sharma T, Shetty P, Sidhu G, Singh V, Sohi GS, Srinath VS, Raju SS, Taran A, Thakkar B, Velusamy K, Vijan V, Vora V, Vuriya AK, Agosta GF, Antonicelli R, Ardissino D, Argiolas G, Baldin MG, Benedetti G, Berti S, Bevilacqua MT, Bolognesi MG, Dessalvi CC, Calabrese A, Campanale EG, Candusso R, Caso P, Cosmi F, Crea F, Crocamo A, De Caterina R, De Rosa S, Destro M, Di Biase M, Dognini GP, Eleuteri E, Fedele F, Ferrario M, Gabrielli D, Gamba C, Ganau A, Gravellone M, Iannopollo G, Indolfi C, Infusino F, Invitti C, Landolfi A, Lembo G, Liberato NL, Mannucci E, Marino P, Mariottoni B, Marziali A, Mercuro G, Monti L, Mos L, Mureddu V, Musumeci MB, Panzarino C, Parente A, Perotti M, Filardi PP, Petrillo C, Piatti P, Priori S, Racca V, Ragghianti B, Renda G, Righini V, Sarcone M, Senni M, Soro E, Tamburrini P, Vallone L, Villani GQ, Volpe M, Ajioka M, Akai Y, Ashino K, Baden M, Doi M, Eki Y, Endo T, Fukuike C, Hagiwara Y, Hasegawa K, Higuchi Y, Higuchi T, Hioki M, Hirayama A, Hiroma J, Hosokawa S, Ichisawa M, Iijima T, Inada T, Inagaki M, Ito K, Kaigawa K, Kajihara S, Kamiya H, Kamiya J, Kaneno Y, Katahira K, Kataoka M, Kawai M, Kawasaki T, Kojima E, Komura Y, Kuramochi T, Kuruma T, Kyo E, Mani H, Miyamoto T, Morii I, Morinaga Y, Morisawa T, Nagai Y, Naka T, Nakamura Y, Nakamura S, Nakayoshi K, Nishibe A, Ogawa M, Okada Y, Okawa M, Sakamoto Y, Sakurada M, Sasaki S, Seki S, Shimomura H, Shinozaki T, Sugimoto N, Suzuki A, Taguchi S, Takahashi J, Takase S, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tani S, Tomioka J, Tsuboi H, Tsuji M, Tsujita K, Tsujiyama S, Umesu A, Yamada T, Yamaguchi E, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto T, Yamane M, Yanase T, Yasuoka S, Yasutake M, Yokoyama M, Yoshida M, Yoshimoto E, Yunoki C, Balode A, Dormidontova G, Flaksa I, Nagele-Luse I, Rancane G, Sime I, Bartuseviciene S, Cepinskiene L, Dobilas V, Grigaraviciene I, Marcinkeviciene J, Mazutavicius R, Miliuniene R, Motiejuniene R, Norkiene S, Norkute-Macijauske U, Rudys A, Slapikas R, Stonkute K, Strazdiene D, Tijuneliene E, Urbonas G, Vanagiene S, Viezelis M, Arenas Leon JL, Bayram E, Carrillo J, Davalos C, De Los Rios M, Delgadillo T, Hernández N, Leon S, Mendoza N, Muñoz W, Ramos G, Anneveldt A, Bakker H, Brouwer M, Bunschoten P, De Boer P, De Jong C, De Vos A, Den Hartog F, Doesborg L, Dommerholt R, Drost I, Ellenbroek D, Engelen W, Folkeringa RJ, Hamer BJB, Herrman JP, Hoogslag PAM, Jansen M, Jerzewski A, Joosten C, Kalkman C, Kietselaer B, Kok M, Kooiman E, Kose V, Lardinois R, Lenderink T, Lok DJA, Lousberg A, Meijlis P, Mulder R, Singerling M, Smeele F, Stroes E, Swart HP, Ten Holt W, Van Der Wal M, Van Der Zwaan C, Van Kempen WW, Van Maarseveen M, Van Stein I, Viergever EP, Visseren FLJ, Voors C, Nugteren SKZ, Ata B, Berulfsen A, Rønnevik TD, Dickstein K, Furuseth B, Grundtvig M, Hansen H, Hofsoey K, Høivik HO, Bøen RH, Hurtig U, Pettersen KI, Johansen E, Kleve R, Kolleroy C, Moen S, Nilsen V, Norin V, Otterstad JE, Risberg K, Rønnevik P, Sirnes PA, Skjelvan G, Strand S, Szacinski G, Vegsundvåg J, Alcalde JM, Gomez Sanchez J, Rodriguez J, Rodriguez A, Zena N, Baszak J, Cymerman K, Czerski T, Fratczak M, Jaguszewska G, Kawka-Urbanek T, Koba M, Kopaczewski J, Kopczyńska M, Laniec M, Lysek R, Sciborski R, Szpajer M, Torun A, Wujkowski M, Zielinski M, Ahn Y, Baek C, Bang SA, Chang K, Choi AJ, Han S, Hyun K, Kim M, Kim KS, Kim B, Lee SH, Lee J, Lee HN, Lee JH, Lee KR, Moon K, Park B, Park C, Tahk S, Yim KH, Yim S, Tase T, Andor M, Aron G, Badea C, Casoinic F, Clocotan M, Coman S, Emil B, Imre BS, Istratoaie O, Liviu C, Maximov D, Militaru C, Minescu B, Istvan KP, Parepa I, Petrescu L, Podoleanu C, Pop CF, Popa V, Popescu E, Radoi M, Sarbu I, Socoteanu E, Socoteanu G, Sorodoc L, Spiridon M, Stanciulescu G, Stefanescu M, Tanaseanu C, Tudoran M, Zdrenghea D, Agafina A, Akatova E, Avdonina N, Balukova E, Barbarash OL, Bartosh L, Boyarkin M, Bulashova O, Burova N, Churina S, Demidova M, Dorogova I, Dovgalevskiy Y, Dovgolis S, Dudarev M, Fitilev S, Gapon L, Gazizianova V, Gordeev I, Ivanov I, Izmozherova N, Kazanskay E, Khirmanov V, Khromtsova O, Konradi A, Kosmacheva E, Kozlova S, Kulibaba E, Kuzin A, Libov I, Lipchenko A, Lozhkina N, Malchikova S, Morozov E, Myslyaeva L, Onuchina E, Palatkina T, Panov A, Parmon E, Petelina T, Repin A, Reznik I, Sazonova E, Sergienko T, Shaposhnik I, Shapovalova Y, Shustov S, Shvarts Y, Skopets I, Skuratova M, Smolenskaya O, Solovev O, Trofimov V, Vasiliev M, Vezikova N, Vozzhaev A, Yakushin S, Zadionchenko V, Apostolovic S, Adjic NC, Ilic I, Ilic S, Nikolic L, Pupic L, Stokuca-Korac N, Antalik L, Bugan V, Csala L, Dokupilova A, Dzupina A, Forgon T, Fulop P, Gonsorcik J, Gyorgyova E, Holoubek D, Horvat P, Kamensky G, Kolikova V, Krupciakova B, Lenner E, Lennerova J, Lukac J, Majercak I, Mancikova I, Micko K, Nociar J, Pales J, Palka J Jr, Poliacik P, Ruffini L, Sabo L, Skubova K, Slanina M, Smik R, Srdos V, Stitova M, Stofkova D, Strbova J, Such S, Toth P, Urgeova L, Vinanska D, Zareczky P, Flezar M, Kovacic D, Marcun R, Zagozen P, Bolsmann C, Conradie C, Dawood SY, Decsi KL, Ebrahim I, Henley L, Horak A, Kapp I, Komati S, Lock E, Maboyi S, Makotoko E, Manga P, Page A, Ramdas S, Ranjith N, Roos J, Talliard C, Ajax K, Al-Khalili F, Assarsson E, Bergholtz T, Blom KB, Boman K, Boström PÅ, Curiac D, Jensen ED, Dahlen G, Davidsson K, Duckert A, Hansson A, Härstedt N, Henriksson A, Olsson GH, Johansson K, Jonsson JE, Knutsson A, Lindholm CJ, Lönnberg I, Lundqvist M, Mellberg L, Moodh J, Mooe T, Olofsson M, Risenfors M, Rönndahl M, Sundelin R, Suorra I, Torgersruud M, Torstensson I, Chang KC, Chen CP, Chen ZC, Chen MH, Cheng SM, Cheng JJ, Fang CY, Ho CJ, Hsieh IC, Huang PH, Huang A, Kuo JY, Lai WT, Lee SC, Li YH, Lin T, Liu HM, Tsai MC, Tsao HM, Tzong L, Ueng KC, Wang YL, Wang HC, Wang CP, Yang CC, Abaci F, Birdane A, Yilmaz MB, Asim Oktay AO, Kan G, Koldas N, Ozcan IT, Sahin M, Sahin T, Saka B, Tekten T, Ucar N, Uresin S, Yigit Z, Arif I, Bakhai A, Baksi A, Blagdon M, Brickman T, Brown N, Burton M, Burton J, Chaggar S, Chung A, Collier D, Covell W, Crawford G, Davies N, Davies M, Dayer M, Doughty A, Duff J, Dwenger E, Fisher J, Fitzpatrick L, Garner K, Glover J, Haughton G, Ilsley M, Ivan P, Voyzey EJ, Keenan S, Kelt T, Knight J, Kondagunta V, Lang C, Lee K, Lim L, Macdonald J, Mathew A, Mckenzie A, Mckibbin A, Michalska A, Pagett K, Pogson A, Price R, Price D, Procter K, Pye M, Redfearn H, Rewbury J, Ryding A, Sattar N, Sharp A, Shaw P, Simpson H, Smith W, Squire I, Storey R, Teenan M, Thomas H, Townend J, Trevelyan J, Wakeling J, Walukiewicz P, Wilkinson S, Zaman A, Acevedo L, Benton J, Abbate A, Aboufakher R, Acampora M, Acampora D, Aceto L, Acevedo B, Acheatel R, Adams M, Adams A, Ahmad I, Ahmed SH, Aish B, Akyea-Djamson A, Al Joundi T, Alcide P, Alfieri A, Alfonso T, Alfrey A, Allen J, Alllison DC, Almaliky T, Amos A, Angiolillo D, Antolick A, Ara M, Aragorn L, Arevalo S, Armas E, Arthur A, Asafu-Adjaye N, Ashcom T, Ashford M, Aslam A, Ather N, Atieh M, Aull L, Ayala M, Azizad M, Backer T, Baehl S, Bailey S, Bair S, Baker C, Ballmajo M, Pieretti HB, Baquero A, Barnett S, Baron S, Bartkowiak A, Bashir K, Beall K, Beauregard LA, Sarah S, Beckett L, Belejchak P, Bendelow T, Bender D, Benjamin S, Berdoff R, 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0301 basic medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,law.invention ,0302 clinical medicine ,c-reactive protein ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Cardiovascular Disease ,middle aged ,double-blind method ,antibodies ,Myocardial infarction ,humans ,Stroke ,interleukin-1beta ,biology ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,drug ,General Medicine ,Lipid ,Aged ,anti-inflammatory agents ,monoclonal ,humanized ,atherosclerosis ,cardiovascular diseases ,dose-response relationship ,female ,incidence ,infections ,lipids ,male ,myocardial infarction ,neutropenia ,secondary prevention ,stroke ,Anti-Inflammatory Agent ,aged ,Editorial ,Atherosclerosi ,Monoclonal ,Human ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neutropenia ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Infections ,Placebo ,antibodies, monoclonal ,dose-response relationship, drug ,infection ,medicine (all) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Antiinflammatory Therapy, Canakinumab, for Atherosclerotic Disease ,C-reactive protein ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Canakinumab ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,business - Abstract
Background: Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. RESULTS: At 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in the 300-mg group than in the placebo group. Canakinumab did not reduce lipid levels from baseline. At a median follow-up of 3.7 years, the incidence rate for the primary end point was 4.50 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group, 4.11 events per 100 person-years in the 50-mg group, 3.86 events per 100 person-years in the 150-mg group, and 3.90 events per 100 person-years in the 300-mg group. The hazard ratios as compared with placebo were as follows: in the 50-mg group, 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.07; P = 0.30); in the 150-mg group, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P = 0.021); and in the 300-mg group, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; P = 0.031). The 150-mg dose, but not the other doses, met the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted threshold for statistical significance for the primary end point and the secondary end point that additionally included hospitalization for unstable angina that led to urgent revascularization (hazard ratio vs. placebo, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95; P = 0.005). Canakinumab was associated with a higher incidence of fatal infection than was placebo. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio for all canakinumab doses vs. placebo, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.06; P = 0.31). Conclusions: Antiinflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin-1β innate immunity pathway with canakinumab at a dose of 150 mg every 3 months led to a significantly lower rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo, independent of lipid-level lowering. (Funded by Novartis; CANTOS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01327846.)
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- 2017
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4. MEDICAL SCIENCE. GISSI-2: A factorial randomised trial of alteplase versus streptokinase and heparin versus no heparin among 12 490 patients with acute myocardial infarction
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Feruglio, G. A., Lotto, A., Rovelli, F., Solinas, P., Tavazzi, L., Tognoni, G., De Vita, C., Franzosi, M. G., Maggiom, A. P., Mauri, F., Volpi, A., Selvini, A., Donato, L., Garattmi, S., Loi, U., Sirchia, G., Ambrosioni, E., Camerini, F., Campolo, L., Donati, M. B., Ferrari, M., Farchi, G., Geraci, E., Mannucci, P. M., Marubini, E., Neri Semeri, G. G., Peto, R., Prati, P. L., Specchia, G., Vecchio, C., Visani, L., Yusuf, S., Mezzanotte, G., Santoro, E., Bruno, M., Cappello, T., Coppini, A., Fincati, F., Mantovani, G., Pangrazzi, J., Pogna, M., Turazza, F. 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A., Pucci, P., Sarro, F., Vergassola, R., Barchielli, M., De Matteis, D., Carrone, M., Liberati, R., Meniconi, L., Radogna, M., Tallone, M., Ieri, A., Ferreri, A., Guidali, P., Canziani, R., Mariello, F., Minelli, C., Muzio, L., Rota Baldini, M., Lupi, G., Cecchi, A., Giuliano, G., Bellotti, S., Livi, S., Corti, E., Rossi, P., Delfino, R., Iannetti, M., Pastorini, C., Pennesi, A., Di Giacinto, N., Bertolo, L., Slomp, L., Cresti, A., Svetoni, N., Distefano, S., Veneri, L., Moretti, S., Palermo, R., Giovanelli, N., Parchi, C., Dethomads, M., Paparella, N., Carrino, C., Aquaro, G., Idone, P., Marsili, P., Sideri, F., Valerio, A., Tullio, D., Ragazzini, G., Gramenzi, S., De Pasquale, B., Gelfo, P. G., Rosselli, P., De Marchi, E., Greco, M. R., Fazio, A. M., Savoia, M. T., Gerosa, C., Barbiero, M., Barbaresi, F., Volta, G., Da€™urbano, M., Passoni, F., Parola, G., Lanzini, A., Baldini, U., Del Bene, P., Orlandi, M., Oddone, A., Lazzari, M., Ballerini, B., Bozzi, L., Moccetti, T., Bemasconi, E., Sanguinetti, M., Tognoli, T., Bardelli, G., Maggi, A., Turato, R., Piva, M., Izzo, A., Tantalo, L., Rizzi, A., Scilabra, G., Varvaro, F., Colombo, G., Grieco, A., Dovico, E., Belluzzi, F., Casellato, F., Lecchi, G., Maugeri Sacci, C., Consolo, A., Piccolo, E., Zuin, G., Zappa, C., Sanna, G. P., Dossena, M. G., Corsini, C., Lettino, M., Marconi, M., Mafrici, A., Leonardi, G., Moreo, A., Seregni, R., Pastine, I., Casazza, F., Regalia, F., Maggiolini, S., Benenati, P. M., Rigo, R., Pascotto, P., Zanocco, A., Artusi, L., Cappelli, C., Bernardi, C., Pahnieri, M., Zilio, G., Sandri, R., Neri, G., Valagussa, F., Osculati, G., Cira, A., Da€™aniello, L., Piantadosi, F. R., Improta, M., Severino, S., Bisconti, C., Mostacci, M., Randon, L., Boschello, M., Allegri, M., Freggiaro, V., Mureddu, V., Soro, F., Marras, E., Marchi, S. M., De Luca, C., Manetta, M., Dalla Volta, S., Maddalena, F., Donzelli, M., Vitrano, M. G., Canonico, A., Ledda, A., Bellomare, D., Carrubba, A., Da€™antonio, E., Scardulla, C., Raineri, A., Traina, M., La Calce, C., Cirincione, V., Montanar, F., Strizzolo, L., Di Gregorio, D., Mantini, L., Chiriatti, G., Gazzola, U., Rosi, A., Mellini, M., Piazza, R., Micheli, G., Bechi, S., Martines, C., Marchese, D., Bigalli, A., Davini, P., Boem, A., Del Citerna, F., Giomi, A., Codeluppi, P., Negrelli, M., Brieda, M., Charmet, P. A., Petrella, A., Bardazzi, L., Bianco, G. A., Marco, A., Licitra, R., Lettica, G. V., Tumiotto, G., Bosi, S., Spitali, G., Casali, G., Bottoni, N., Parenti, G. F., Triulzi, E., Brighi, F., Benati, A., De Sanctis, A., Mene, A., Pesaresi, A., Bologna, F., Lumia, F., Barbato, G., Milazzotto, F., Proietti, F., Angrisani, G., Azzolini, P., Coppola, E., Trani, Carlo, Masini, V., Rocchi, M., Borgia, M. C., Luciani, C., Vitucci, N. C., Giuliani, P., Tugnoli, F., Vetta, C., Altieri, T., Gimigliano, F., Striano, U., Salituri, S., Zanazzi, G., Zonzin, P., Bugatti, U., Ravera, B., Allemano, P., Reynaud, S., Sanson, A., Milani, L., De Simone, M. V., Villella, A., Grazzini, M., Amidei, S., Ansehni, L., Benza, G., Tagliamonte, A., Messina, V., Etro, M. D., Vivaldi, F., Cortese, R., Ibba, G. V., Sannia, L., Pedrazzini, F., Gazzotti, G. L., Pizzuti, A., Antonielli, E., Becchi, G., Filice, A., Salmoiraghi, A., Caramanno, G., Caporicci, D., Brun, M., Ferrario, G., Giani, P., Ronconi, G., Douglas, S., Bianchi, C., Cucchi, G., Marieni, M., Marcellini, G., Speca, G., Beato, E., Serabni, N., Bazzucchi, M., Coronelli, R., Rossi, L., Basso, G., Presbitero, P., Bevilacqua, R., Pallisco, O., Di Leo, M., Golzio, P. G., Parigi, A., Belli, R., Trinchero, R., Gaschino, G., Barenghi, M., Poggio, G. L., Braschi, G. B., Sciacca, R., Sammartano, A., Braito, G., Cuzzato, V., Frigo, G., Perissinono, F., Galati, A., Accogli, M., Morgera, T., Barbieri, L., Slavich, G. A., Fresco, C., Cuda, A., Liguori, A., Cozzi, A., Caico, S., Alberio, M., Di Marco, G., De Vito, G., Valente, S., Zagatti, G., Zardini, P., Nidasio, G. P., Girardi, P., Mazzini, C., Nava, S., Achilli, A., Bisogno, A., Pasotti, C., Ballestra, A. M., and Giustarini, C.
- Subjects
Aspirin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Streptokinase ,acute myocardial infarction ,General Medicine ,Heparin ,medicine.disease ,Atenolol ,Surgery ,Anistreplase ,Anesthesia ,Settore MED/11 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO CARDIOVASCOLARE ,medicine ,Myocardial infarction ,business ,Stroke ,medicine.drug ,Killip class - Abstract
A multicentre, randomised, open trial with a 2 x 2 factorial design was conducted to compare the benefits and risks of two thrombolytic agents, streptokinase (SK, 1·5 MU infused intravenously over 30-60 min) and alteplase (tPA, 100 mg infused intravenously over 3 h) in patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to coronary care units within 6 h from onset of symptoms. The patients were also randomised to receive heparin (12 500 U subcutaneously twice daily until discharge from hospital, starting 12 h after beginning the tPA or SK infusion) or usual therapy. All patients without specific contraindications were given atenolol (5-10 mg iv) and aspirin (300-325 mg a day). The end-point of the study was the combined estimate of death plus severe left ventricular damage. 12 490 patients were randomised to four treatment groups (SK alone, SK plus heparin, tPA alone, tPA plus heparin). No specific differences between the two thrombolytic agents were detected as regards the combined end-point (tPA 23·1%; SK 22·5%; relative risk 1·04, 95% Cl 0·95-1·13), nor after the addition of heparin to the aspirin treatment (hep 22·7%, no hep 22·9%; RR 0·99, 95% Cl 0·91-1·08). The outcome of patients allocated to the four treatment groups was similar with respect to baseline risk factors such as age, Killip class, hours from onset of symptoms, and site and type of infarct. The rates of major in-hospital cardiac complications (reinfarction, post-infarction angina) were also similar. The incidence of major bleeds was significantly higher in SK and heparin treated patients (respectively, tPA 0·5%, SK 1·0%, RR 0·57, 95% Cl 0·38-0·85; hep 1·0%, no hep 0·6%, RR 1·64, 95% Cl 1·09-2·45), whereas the overall incidence of stroke was similar in all groups. SK and tPA appear equally effective and safe for use in routine conditions of care, in all infarct patients who have no contraindications, with or without post-thrombolytic heparin treatment. The 8·8% hospital mortality of the study population (compared with approximately 13% in the control cohort of the GISSI-1 trial) indicates the beneficial impact of the proven acute treatments for AMI.
- Published
- 1990
5. DETERMINANTS OF 6-MONTH MORTALITY IN SURVIVORS OF MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AFTER THROMBOLYSIS - RESULTS OF THE GISSI-2 DATA-BASE
- Author
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VOLPI A, DEVITA C, FRANZOSI MG, GERACI E, MAGGIONI AP, MAURI F, NEGRI E, SANTORO E, TAVAZZI L, TOGNONI G, FERUGLIO GA, LOTTO A, ROVELLI F, SOLINAS P, BRUNO M, CAPPELLO T, COPPINI A, FINCATI F, MANTOVANI G, PANGRAZZI J, POGNA M, TURAZZA FM, ANSELMI M, BARBONAGLIA L, BIGI R, CAVALLI A, FRIGERIO M, GIORDANO A, GUALTIEROTTI C, TORTA D, CAROLA R, GIORDANO F, BARLOTTI R, LOPARCO G, VIGLINO GL, RUGGERI G, GIAMUNDO L, DANESI A, PACIARONI E, GAMBINI C, URBANO G, PURCARO A, FRANCESCONI M, FIGLIOLIA S, CANNONE M, ANTOLINI R, DEVOTI G, CRISTALLINI P, PORCIELLO PI, TEONI P, BURALI A, ZUCCONELLI V, DEMATTEIS C, IERVOGLINI A, SCATASTA M, AMABILI S, CARATTI CA, ZOLA G, FERRAGUTO P, SALICI G, CENTARO A, ROTIROTI D, GENOVESE M, GINEVRINO P, DAMATO N, ALTAMURA CM, COLONNA L, CASTELLANETA G, BOVENZI F, MESSINA D, GALANTINO A, CAMPOREALE N, CUCCHINI F, CAMPOSTELLA L, MALACRIDA R, GENONI M, PELLEGRINI P, BRIDDA A, RIGGI L, ACONE L, MOSCATIELLO G, BRUNO A, INVERNIZZI G, TESPILI M, GUAGLIUMI G, CASARI A, ALBANO T, TOMASSINI B, DIBIASE G, SCARAMUZZINO G, RUGGERO S, BRACCHETTI D, DECASTRO U, FULVI M, BRAITO E, ERLICHER A, OBERLECHNER W, GAGLIARDI RS, BIGHIGNOLI L, BONIZZATO G, RIZZI GM, SCAZZINA L, PERRINI A, STRANEO G, STRANEO U, SCIRE A, VERRIENTI A, GUADALUPI M, STORELLI A, ZUCCA L, DABUSTI M, ALBONICO B, DEPETRA V, TABACCHI GC, SCERVINO R, MEREU D, MAXIA P, BIANCO A, CRABU E, MANGIAMELI S, CENTAMORE G, MALFITANO D, AMICO C, VANCHERI F, SANTOPUOLI G, BALDINI F, PANTALEONI A, CONTESSOTTO F, TERLIZZI R, MERIGHI A, TURCHI E, TEGLIO V, PIGNATTI F, PEZZANA A, GOZZOLINO G, GIGLIO M, PETTINATI G, IEVA M, CIRICUGNO S, CORREALE E, ROMANO S, DIFUCCIA A, CASTELLANO B, NATALE A, CERNETTI C, CELEGON L, CANDELPERGHER G, ARIENZO F, RUSSO F, DEVIVO L, MAY L, ACHILLI G, BLASI A, SORRENTINO F, DATO A, GALLONE P, PALUMBO C, DELLAMONICA R, PAGANO L, ALBERTI A, ORSELLI L, DEPONTI C, PARMIGIANI ML, FERRARI M, ACITO P, BUSI F, DELLAVITTORIA G, BELLET C, BORTOLINI F, ROSSI A, CORONA C, BONDI S, NICCOLINI D, GAMBERI G, ARCURI G, MAIOLINO P, CARROZZA A, DELIO U, CAPRETTI G, MARINONI C, GUASCONI C, SONNINO S, PAGLIEI M, FERRARI G, LOMBARDI R, AGNELLI D, DERINALDIS G, CALCAGNILE A, SIGNORELLI S, BENDINELLI S, LUSETTI L, MOLLAIOLI M, COSMI F, PLASTINA F, VENNERI N, FERACO E, CATELLI P, POLUZZI C, DISTANTE S, BIANCHI C, COPPETTI S, ZAMPAGLIONE G, GATTO C, ZURLO R, USLENGHI E, MARGARIA F, MILANESE U, LOMANTO B, ZIACCHI V, RIVA D, BERTOCCHI P, TIRELLA G, DAULERIO M, SAURO G, BINI A, MAZZONI V, POGGI P, MARESTA A, JACOPI F, PATRONCINI A, PUPITA F, GAGGI S, FRAUSINI G, ANTONIOLI GE, MALACARNE C, CODECA L, CAPPATO R, ANDREOLI L, VARACCA S, BUIO E, FAZZINI PF, PUCCI P, SARRO F, VERGASSOLA R, BARCHIELLI M, DEMATTEIS D, CARRONE M, BRUNOZZI LT, MENICONI L, LIBERATI R, RADOGNA M, TALLONE M, CONTE R, IERI A, ZIPOLI A, SANSONI M, CANZIANI R, GUIDALI P, CRISTALLO E, MARIELLO F, MUZIO L, BENVENUTO MR, BALDINI MR, VECCHIO C, CHIARELLA F, FALCIDIENO M, CECCHI A, GIULIANO G, SEU V, PERUGINI P, TOSELLI A, BASSO F, CORTI E, ROSSI P, DELFINO R, CAPONNETTO S, GNECCO G, GHIGLIOTTI G, PENNESI A, LOMBARDI G, RUGGIERI A, BERTOLO L, SLOMP L, LANZETTA T, MAZZARONE L, CRESTI A, BELLODI G, ZUARINI AM, VENERI L, PARCHI C, GIOVANELLI N, NEGRONI S, DETHOMATIS M, BARGHINI A, MARINO E, RICCI D, LEMME P, DIGIACOMO U, AQUARO G, RONZANI G, OTTELLO B, VONTI V, MORETTI S, PALERMO R, MARSILI P, SIDERI F, RAGAZZINI G, GRAMENZI S, BATTISTINI S, DIODATO T, VALERIO A, TUCCI C, DEPASQUALE B, GELFO PG, BERTULLA A, BOLLINI R, DEMARCHI E, BACCA F, DEGIORGI V, LOCATELLI V, SAVOIA MT, FERRACINI C, BARBARESI F, COTOGNI A, FRANCO G, PASSONI F, DURBANO M, MORETTI G, PEROTTI S, CAPRETTI M, DELBENE P, CASCONE M, BALDINI U, ORLANDI M, ODDONE A, CAIZZI V, MASINI G, LAZZARI M, BALLERINI B, BOZZI L, MOCETTI T, BERTOLINI A, PASOTTI E, SANGUINETTI M, MANTOVANI R, TOGNOLI T, MAGGI A, TUSA M, CAMERONI E, GUERRA GP, REGGIANI A, REDAELLI S, GIUSTI S, TANTALO L, RIZZI A, DIGIOVANNI N, GUZZO V, GABRIELE M, COLOMBO G, ALBERZONI A, SALVIOLI G, GALFETTI F, DOVICO E, BELLUZZI F, GOLA E, CASELLATO F, LECCHI G, CONSOLO F, SACCA CB, CONSOLO A, PICCOLO E, GASPARINI G, MASSA D, BELLI C, DOSSENA MG, CORSINI C, SANNA GP, AZZOLLINI M, TRUAZZA F, NADOR F, DEMARTINI M, BOZZI G, SEREGNI R, PASTINE I, MORPURGO M, CASAZZA F, REGALIA F, MAGGIOLINI S, RIGO R, PANCALDI S, POZZETTI D, PASCOTTO P, FRANCESCHI L, DAINESE F, MELINI L, CAPPELLI C, BERNARDI C, PALMIERI M, BORGIONI L, ZILIO G, SANDRI R, ALITTO F, MASARO G, VALAGUSSA F, SCHIAVINA R, RAVESI D, DANIELLO L, PIANTADOSI FR, BARRA P, ROMEO D, MININNI N, SEVERINO S, MOSTACCI M, CASTELLARI M, BANDA D, ROLANDI R, VILLA WD, CARBONE V, ALLEGRI M, FASCIOLO L, PITTALIS M, MUREDDU V, SORO F, DELEDDA MG, MARRAS E, MARCHI SM, DELUCA C, MANETTA M, VOLTA SD, SPERANDEO V, DONZELLI M, VITRANO MG, PITROLO F, LAMONICA S, BELLANCA G, MESSINA G, MIRTO U, RAINERI A, TRAINA M, DIBENEDETTO A, RIBAUDO E, DIFRANCESCO M, RONCHITELLI R, CARONE M, DIGREGORIO D, DIPAOLO G, PASQUALE M, COREA L, COCCHIERI M, ALUNNI G, PAPI L, CHIRIATTI G, LUPETTI M, GAZZOLA U, ARRUZZOLI S, VILLANI GQ, MELLINI M, MADRUZZA L, PIAZZA R, MICHELI G, FRANCHINI C, BECHI S, MARTINES C, MARCHESE D, GABBIA G, BIGALLI A, CIUTI M, CABANI E, DELCITERNA F, ALFIERI A, CHITI M, LONGHINI J, CODELUPPI P, NEGRELLI M, ZANUTTINI D, NICOLOSI GL, MARTIN G, PETRELLA A, BARDAZZI L, BIANCO GA, CELLAMARE G, GIANNELLI F, LICITRA G, LICITRA R, LETTICA GV, TUMIOTTO G, BELLANTI G, BOSI S, CASALI G, MONDUCCI I, BARONE A, PARENTI F, HEYMAN J, COZZI E, BALDACCI G, BACCOS D, BRIGHI F, DESANCTIS A, BOCK R, ROSSI F, AMATI P, SEMPRINI P, NARDELLI A, BOTTERO G, VARTOLO C, MILAZZOTTO F, DICROCE G, DIMARIO F, ANGRISANI G, AZZOLINI P, NEJA CP, MANZOLI U, ROSSI E, TRANI C, MASINI V, SEBASTIANI F, TOPAI M, BORGIA MC, LUCIANI C, FERRI F, DEPAOLA D, CAPURSO S, TUGNOLI F, VETTA C, ALTIERI T, BORZI M, VISCOMI A, STRIANO U, SALITURI S, ZONZIN P, FIORENCIS R, BADIN A, RAVERA B, BALDI C, SILVESTRI F, ALLEMANO P, REYNAUD S, SANSON A, MILANI L, DESIMONE MV, RUSSO A, VILLELLA A, GRAZINI M, AMIDEI S, ANSELMI L, PICCANICOLINO R, MASCELLI G, TAGLIAMONTE A, MESSINA V, TEDESCHI C, BOSSI M, BISIOLI M, TACCHI G, PAGNI G, VIVALDI F, IBBA GV, SANNIA L, PEDRAZZINI F, BAGNI E, FABII S, ALVINO A, ANTONIELLI E, DORONZO B, MARTINENGO E, BECCHI G, SALMOIRAGHI A, DIGIOVANNA F, CARAMANNO G, CAPORICCI D, BRUN M, GIANI P, FERRARIO G, PECI P, RONCONI G, SKOUSE D, GIUSTINIANI S, CUCCHI GF, TAVASCI E, SILVERII A, MARCELLINI G, SPECA G, STANISCIA D, CIMINO A, SERAFINI N, DEBONIS P, CERRUTI P, BAZZUCCHI M, DALPRA F, SPEROTTO C, MOLE GD, BARBANO G, POMARI F, GASCHINO G, PARIGI A, GANDOLFO N, RONDONI F, BRUSCA A, DILEO M, GOLZIO PG, ABRATE M, SCLAVO MG, ROCCI R, POGGIO G, GIANI S, CUZZUCREA D, BRASCHI GB, SCIACCA R, SAMMARTANO A, FURLANELLO F, BRAITO G, CUZZATO V, TOTIS O, FAURETTO F, LEO F, GALATI A, PALMA P, CAMERINI F, MORGERA T, BARBIERI L, SLAVICK GA, FRESCO C, CUDA A, SARNICOLA P, ARZILLO P, BINAGHI G, MACCHI G, CALVERI G, DIMARCO G, LEVANTESI G, PANERAI C, CATURELLI G, FACCHIN L, SARTORE G, ZARDINI P, MARINO P, CARBONIERI E, NAVA S, MAZZINI C, NAVA R, SERRA N, SASSARA M, NICROSINI F, GANDOLFI P, BERGOGNONI G, BALLESTRA AM, VIOLO C, VOLPI A, DEVITA C, FRANZOSI MG, GERACI E, MAGGIONI AP, MAURI F, NEGRI E, SANTORO E, TAVAZZI L, TOGNONI G, FERUGLIO GA, LOTTO A, ROVELLI F, SOLINAS P, BRUNO M, CAPPELLO T, COPPINI A, FINCATI F, MANTOVANI G, PANGRAZZI J, POGNA M, TURAZZA FM, ANSELMI M, BARBONAGLIA L, BIGI R, CAVALLI A, FRIGERIO M, GIORDANO A, GUALTIEROTTI C, TORTA D, CAROLA R, GIORDANO F, BARLOTTI R, LOPARCO G, VIGLINO GL, RUGGERI G, GIAMUNDO L, DANESI A, PACIARONI E, GAMBINI C, URBANO G, PURCARO A, FRANCESCONI M, FIGLIOLIA S, CANNONE M, ANTOLINI R, DEVOTI G, CRISTALLINI P, PORCIELLO PI, TEONI P, BURALI A, ZUCCONELLI V, DEMATTEIS C, IERVOGLINI A, SCATASTA M, AMABILI S, CARATTI CA, ZOLA G, FERRAGUTO P, SALICI G, CENTARO A, ROTIROTI D, GENOVESE M, GINEVRINO P, DAMATO N, ALTAMURA CM, COLONNA L, CASTELLANETA G, BOVENZI F, MESSINA D, GALANTINO A, CAMPOREALE N, CUCCHINI F, CAMPOSTELLA L, MALACRIDA R, GENONI M, PELLEGRINI P, BRIDDA A, RIGGI L, ACONE L, MOSCATIELLO G, BRUNO A, INVERNIZZI G, TESPILI M, GUAGLIUMI G, CASARI A, ALBANO T, TOMASSINI B, DIBIASE G, SCARAMUZZINO G, RUGGERO S, BRACCHETTI D, DECASTRO U, FULVI M, BRAITO E, ERLICHER A, OBERLECHNER W, GAGLIARDI RS, BIGHIGNOLI L, BONIZZATO G, RIZZI GM, SCAZZINA L, PERRINI A, STRANEO G, STRANEO U, SCIRE A, VERRIENTI A, GUADALUPI M, STORELLI A, ZUCCA L, DABUSTI M, ALBONICO B, DEPETRA V, TABACCHI GC, SCERVINO R, MEREU D, MAXIA P, BIANCO A, CRABU E, MANGIAMELI S, CENTAMORE G, MALFITANO D, AMICO C, VANCHERI F, SANTOPUOLI G, BALDINI F, PANTALEONI A, CONTESSOTTO F, TERLIZZI R, MERIGHI A, TURCHI E, TEGLIO V, PIGNATTI F, PEZZANA A, GOZZOLINO G, GIGLIO M, PETTINATI G, IEVA M, CIRICUGNO S, CORREALE E, ROMANO S, DIFUCCIA A, CASTELLANO B, NATALE A, CERNETTI C, CELEGON L, CANDELPERGHER G, ARIENZO F, RUSSO F, DEVIVO L, MAY L, ACHILLI G, BLASI A, SORRENTINO F, DATO A, GALLONE P, PALUMBO C, DELLAMONICA R, PAGANO L, ALBERTI A, ORSELLI L, DEPONTI C, PARMIGIANI ML, FERRARI M, ACITO P, BUSI F, DELLAVITTORIA G, BELLET C, BORTOLINI F, ROSSI A, CORONA C, BONDI S, NICCOLINI D, GAMBERI G, ARCURI G, MAIOLINO P, CARROZZA A, DELIO U, CAPRETTI G, MARINONI C, GUASCONI C, SONNINO S, PAGLIEI M, FERRARI G, LOMBARDI R, AGNELLI D, DERINALDIS G, CALCAGNILE A, SIGNORELLI S, BENDINELLI S, LUSETTI L, MOLLAIOLI M, COSMI F, PLASTINA F, VENNERI N, FERACO E, CATELLI P, POLUZZI C, DISTANTE S, BIANCHI C, COPPETTI S, ZAMPAGLIONE G, GATTO C, ZURLO R, USLENGHI E, MARGARIA F, MILANESE U, LOMANTO B, ZIACCHI V, RIVA D, BERTOCCHI P, TIRELLA G, DAULERIO M, SAURO G, BINI A, MAZZONI V, POGGI P, MARESTA A, JACOPI F, PATRONCINI A, PUPITA F, GAGGI S, FRAUSINI G, ANTONIOLI GE, MALACARNE C, CODECA L, CAPPATO R, ANDREOLI L, VARACCA S, BUIO E, FAZZINI PF, PUCCI P, SARRO F, VERGASSOLA R, BARCHIELLI M, DEMATTEIS D, CARRONE M, BRUNOZZI LT, MENICONI L, LIBERATI R, RADOGNA M, TALLONE M, CONTE R, IERI A, ZIPOLI A, SANSONI M, CANZIANI R, GUIDALI P, CRISTALLO E, MARIELLO F, MUZIO L, BENVENUTO MR, BALDINI MR, VECCHIO C, CHIARELLA F, FALCIDIENO M, CECCHI A, GIULIANO G, SEU V, PERUGINI P, TOSELLI A, BASSO F, CORTI E, ROSSI P, DELFINO R, CAPONNETTO S, GNECCO G, GHIGLIOTTI G, PENNESI A, LOMBARDI G, RUGGIERI A, BERTOLO L, SLOMP L, LANZETTA T, MAZZARONE L, CRESTI A, BELLODI G, ZUARINI AM, VENERI L, PARCHI C, GIOVANELLI N, NEGRONI S, DETHOMATIS M, BARGHINI A, MARINO E, RICCI D, LEMME P, DIGIACOMO U, AQUARO G, RONZANI G, OTTELLO B, VONTI V, MORETTI S, PALERMO R, MARSILI P, SIDERI F, RAGAZZINI G, GRAMENZI S, BATTISTINI S, DIODATO T, VALERIO A, TUCCI C, DEPASQUALE B, GELFO PG, BERTULLA A, BOLLINI R, DEMARCHI E, BACCA F, DEGIORGI V, LOCATELLI V, SAVOIA MT, FERRACINI C, BARBARESI F, COTOGNI A, FRANCO G, PASSONI F, DURBANO M, MORETTI G, PEROTTI S, CAPRETTI M, DELBENE P, CASCONE M, BALDINI U, ORLANDI M, ODDONE A, CAIZZI V, MASINI G, LAZZARI M, BALLERINI B, BOZZI L, MOCETTI T, BERTOLINI A, PASOTTI E, SANGUINETTI M, MANTOVANI R, TOGNOLI T, MAGGI A, TUSA M, CAMERONI E, GUERRA GP, REGGIANI A, REDAELLI S, GIUSTI S, TANTALO L, RIZZI A, DIGIOVANNI N, GUZZO V, GABRIELE M, COLOMBO G, ALBERZONI A, SALVIOLI G, GALFETTI F, DOVICO E, BELLUZZI F, GOLA E, CASELLATO F, LECCHI G, CONSOLO F, SACCA CB, CONSOLO A, PICCOLO E, GASPARINI G, MASSA D, BELLI C, DOSSENA MG, CORSINI C, SANNA GP, AZZOLLINI M, TRUAZZA F, NADOR F, DEMARTINI M, BOZZI G, SEREGNI R, PASTINE I, MORPURGO M, CASAZZA F, REGALIA F, MAGGIOLINI S, RIGO R, PANCALDI S, POZZETTI D, PASCOTTO P, FRANCESCHI L, DAINESE F, MELINI L, CAPPELLI C, BERNARDI C, PALMIERI M, BORGIONI L, ZILIO G, SANDRI R, ALITTO F, MASARO G, VALAGUSSA F, SCHIAVINA R, RAVESI D, DANIELLO L, PIANTADOSI FR, BARRA P, ROMEO D, MININNI N, SEVERINO S, MOSTACCI M, CASTELLARI M, BANDA D, ROLANDI R, VILLA WD, CARBONE V, ALLEGRI M, FASCIOLO L, PITTALIS M, MUREDDU V, SORO F, DELEDDA MG, MARRAS E, MARCHI SM, DELUCA C, MANETTA M, VOLTA SD, SPERANDEO V, DONZELLI M, VITRANO MG, PITROLO F, LAMONICA S, BELLANCA G, MESSINA G, MIRTO U, RAINERI A, TRAINA M, DIBENEDETTO A, RIBAUDO E, DIFRANCESCO M, RONCHITELLI R, CARONE M, DIGREGORIO D, DIPAOLO G, PASQUALE M, COREA L, COCCHIERI M, ALUNNI G, PAPI L, CHIRIATTI G, LUPETTI M, GAZZOLA U, ARRUZZOLI S, VILLANI GQ, MELLINI M, MADRUZZA L, PIAZZA R, MICHELI G, FRANCHINI C, BECHI S, MARTINES C, MARCHESE D, GABBIA G, BIGALLI A, CIUTI M, CABANI E, DELCITERNA F, ALFIERI A, CHITI M, LONGHINI J, CODELUPPI P, NEGRELLI M, ZANUTTINI D, NICOLOSI GL, MARTIN G, PETRELLA A, BARDAZZI L, BIANCO GA, CELLAMARE G, GIANNELLI F, LICITRA G, LICITRA R, LETTICA GV, TUMIOTTO G, BELLANTI G, BOSI S, CASALI G, MONDUCCI I, BARONE A, PARENTI F, HEYMAN J, COZZI E, BALDACCI G, BACCOS D, BRIGHI F, DESANCTIS A, BOCK R, ROSSI F, AMATI P, SEMPRINI P, NARDELLI A, BOTTERO G, VARTOLO C, MILAZZOTTO F, DICROCE G, DIMARIO F, ANGRISANI G, AZZOLINI P, NEJA CP, MANZOLI U, ROSSI E, TRANI C, MASINI V, SEBASTIANI F, TOPAI M, BORGIA MC, LUCIANI C, FERRI F, DEPAOLA D, CAPURSO S, TUGNOLI F, VETTA C, ALTIERI T, BORZI M, VISCOMI A, STRIANO U, SALITURI S, ZONZIN P, FIORENCIS R, BADIN A, RAVERA B, BALDI C, SILVESTRI F, ALLEMANO P, REYNAUD S, SANSON A, MILANI L, DESIMONE MV, RUSSO A, VILLELLA A, GRAZINI M, AMIDEI S, ANSELMI L, PICCANICOLINO R, MASCELLI G, TAGLIAMONTE A, MESSINA V, TEDESCHI C, BOSSI M, BISIOLI M, TACCHI G, PAGNI G, VIVALDI F, IBBA GV, SANNIA L, PEDRAZZINI F, BAGNI E, FABII S, ALVINO A, ANTONIELLI E, DORONZO B, MARTINENGO E, BECCHI G, SALMOIRAGHI A, DIGIOVANNA F, CARAMANNO G, CAPORICCI D, BRUN M, GIANI P, FERRARIO G, PECI P, RONCONI G, SKOUSE D, GIUSTINIANI S, CUCCHI GF, TAVASCI E, SILVERII A, MARCELLINI G, SPECA G, STANISCIA D, CIMINO A, SERAFINI N, DEBONIS P, CERRUTI P, BAZZUCCHI M, DALPRA F, SPEROTTO C, MOLE GD, BARBANO G, POMARI F, GASCHINO G, PARIGI A, GANDOLFO N, RONDONI F, BRUSCA A, DILEO M, GOLZIO PG, ABRATE M, SCLAVO MG, ROCCI R, POGGIO G, GIANI S, CUZZUCREA D, BRASCHI GB, SCIACCA R, SAMMARTANO A, FURLANELLO F, BRAITO G, CUZZATO V, TOTIS O, FAURETTO F, LEO F, GALATI A, PALMA P, CAMERINI F, MORGERA T, BARBIERI L, SLAVICK GA, FRESCO C, CUDA A, SARNICOLA P, ARZILLO P, BINAGHI G, MACCHI G, CALVERI G, DIMARCO G, LEVANTESI G, PANERAI C, CATURELLI G, FACCHIN L, SARTORE G, ZARDINI P, MARINO P, CARBONIERI E, NAVA S, MAZZINI C, NAVA R, SERRA N, SASSARA M, NICROSINI F, GANDOLFI P, BERGOGNONI G, BALLESTRA AM, and VIOLO C
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cardiovascular diseases - Abstract
Background. Current knowledge of risk assessment in survivors of myocardial infarction is largely based on data gathered before the advent of thrombolysis. It must be determined whether and to what extent available information and proposed criteria of prognostication are applicable in the thrombolytic era. Methods and Results. We reassessed risk prediction in the 10 219 survivors of myocardial infarction with follow-up data available (ie, 98% of the total) who had been enrolled in the GISSI-2 trial, relying on a set of prespecified variables. The 3.5% 6-month all-cause mortality rate of these patients compared with the higher value of 4.6% found in the corresponding GISSI-1 cohort, originally allocated to streptokinase therapy, indicates a 24% reduction in postdischarge 6-month mortality. On multivariate analysis (Cox model), the following variables were predictors of 6-month all-cause mortality: ineligibility for exercise test for both cardiac (relative risk [RR], 3.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.36-4.62) and noncardiac reasons (RR, 3.28; 95% CI, 2.23-4.72), early left ventricular failure (RR, 2.41; 95% Cl, 1.87-3.09), echocardiographic evidence of recovery phase left ventricular dysfunction (RR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.78-2.98), advanced (more than 70 years) age (RR, 1.81; 95% Cl, 1.43 -2.30), electrical instability (ie, frequent and/or complex ventricular arrhythmias) (RR, 1.70; 95% Cl, 1.32-2.19), late left ventricular failure (RR, 1.54; 95% Cl, 1.17-2.03), previous myocardial infarction (RR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.14-1.89), and a history of treated hypertension (RR, 1.32; 95% Cl, 1.05-1.65). Early post-myocardial infarction angina, a positive exercise test, female sex, history of angina, history of insulin-dependent diabetes, and anterior site of myocardial infarction were not risk predictors. On further multivariate analysis, performed on 8315 patients with the echocardiographic indicator of left ventricular dysfunction available, only previous myocardial infarction was not retained as an independent risk predictor. Conclusions. A decline in 6-month mortality of myocardial infarction survivors, seen within 6 hours of symptom onset, has been observed in recent years. Ineligibility for exercise test, early left ventricular failure, and recovery-phase left ventricular dysfunction are the most powerful (RR, >2) predictors of 6-month mortality among patients recovering from myocardial infarction after thrombolysis. Qualitative variables reflecting residual myocardial ischemia do not appear to be risk predictors. The lack of an independent adverse influence of early post-myocardial infarction angina on 6-month survival represents a major difference between this study and those of the prethrombolytic era.
6. Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease
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Ridker P.M., Everett B.M., Thuren T., MacFadyen J.G., Chang W.H., Ballantyne C., Fonseca F., Nicolau J., Koenig W., Anker S.D., Kastelein J.J.P., Cornel J.H., Pais P., Pella D., Genest J., Cifkova R., Lorenzatti A., Forster T., Kobalava Z., Vida-Simiti L., Flather M., Shimokawa H., Ogawa H., Dellborg M., Rossi P.R.F., Troquay R.P.T., Libby P., Glynn R.J., Krum H., Varigos J., Siostrzonek P., Sinnaeve P., Gotcheva N., Yong H., Urina-Triana M., Milicic D., Vettus R., Manolis A.J., Wyss F., Sigurdsson A., Fucili A., Veze I., Petrauskiene B., Salvador L., Klemsdal T.O., Medina F., Budaj A., Otasevic P., Lainscak M., Seung K.B., Commerford P., Donath M., Hwang J.J., Kultursay H., Bilazarian S., East C., Forgosh L., Harris B., Ligueros M., Bohula E., Charmarthi B., Cheng S., Chou S., Danik J., McMahon G., Maron B., Ning M., Olenchock B., Pande R., Perlstein T., Pradhan A., Rost N., Singhal A., Taqueti V., Wei N., Burris H., Cioffi A., Dalseg A.M., Ghosh N., Gralow J., Mayer T., Rugo H., Fowler V., Limaye A.P., Cosgrove S., Levine D., Lopes R., Scott J., Hilkert R., Tamesby G., Mickel C., Manning B., Woelcke J., Tan M., Manfreda S., Ponce T., Kam J., Saini R., Banker K., Salko T., Nandy P., Tawfik R., O’Neil G., Manne S., Jirvankar P., Lal S., Nema D., Jose J., Collins R., Bailey K., Blumenthal R., Colhoun H., Gersh B., Abreu M., Actis M.V., Aiub J., Aiub F., Albisu J., Alvarisqueta A., Avalos V., Barreto M., Berli M.A., Blumberg C., Bocanera M., Botta C., Bowen L., Budassi N., Buhlman S., Westberg J.C., Carabajal T., Caruso G., Casala J., Cendali G., Coloma G., Berra F.C., Cuneo C., Degennaro N., Dellasa M., Diaz M., Dos Santos P., Espinosa V., Facello A., Facello M., Farias E., Fernandez A.A., Ferrari V., Pacora F.F., Flores G.S., Franco M., Gabito A., Viola H.G., Garcia F., Garcia Duran R., Garcia Pinna J., Glenny J., Godoy Sanchez M., Grosse A., Guzman P., Hasbani E., Hominal M., Ibañez J., Jure H., Jure D., Vico M.L., Liniado G., Luciardi H., Luquez H., Maehara G., Maffei L., Majul C., Mallagray M., Marinaro S., Martinez J., Massaccesi R., De Los Milagros Had M., Azize G.M., Montana O., Montenegro E., Morell Y., Muntaner J., Navarrete S., Olmedo M., Paganini M., Paz S., Perez Manghi F., Piskorz D., Polato C., Recoaro R., Romano A., Salinger M., Sanchez A., Saravia M.A., Sarjanovich R., Scaro G., Schiavi L.B., Soler J., Tinnirello V., Tomassi A., Valle M., Vallejo M.A., Venturini C., Marcela Wenetz L.M., Yossen M., Zaidman C., Zalazar L., Zangroniz P., Amerena J., Brady L., Colquhoun D., Eccleston D., Ferreira-Jardim A., French J., Jayasinghe R., Mcintosh C., Ord M., Plotz M., Purnell P., Roberts-Thomson P., Schultz C., Shanahan T., Tan R., Taverner P., Turner F., Vibert J., Vorster M., William M., Youssef G., Bergler-Klein J., Brath H., Brodmann M., Fliesser-Goerzer E., Haider K., Heeren G., Hiden C., Mandic L., Paulweber B., Ploechl A., Prenner A., Steringer-Mascherbauer R., Strohner-Kaestenbauer H., Barbato E., Bouvy C., Briké C., Charlier 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Naumann R., Nebel J., Neumann J., Nuding S., Overhoff U., Papke B., Pencz I., Peter Y., Peukert A.M., Radde I., Rau T., Regner S., Reichenbach D., Reimer D., Rinke A., Roettges R., Romanski A., Rummel R., Samer H., Sanuri M., Sarnighausen H.E., Schäfer B., Scheibner T., Schermaul K.H., Schindler A., Schlundt C., Schmidt E., Schmidt K., Schnabel A., Schoen N., Schorn K., Schroeder T., Schulenburg D., Schulz M., Schulze U., Schulze J., Schumacher M., Schwerin G., Schwerin M., Stadelmeier S., Stahl H.D., Stahl A., Stockhausen J., Stockhausen G., Stoessel J., Stolze K., Stratmann M., Szymanowski N., Teschner A.B., Teske A., Uecker C., Veit S., Voeller H., Walter I., Walter J., Walther I., Weber H.G., Weimer J., Wichterich K., Wiebusch A., Willmerdinger M., Willner C., Winkelmann B., Winkler J., Wistuba T., Woehrle J., Wohnlich T., Wolf S., Woyczak D., Wrage P., Zirlik A., Anadiotis A., Chachalis G., Dermitzakis A., Kafarakis P., Kaldara E., Kolokathis F., Kostakou P., Lekakis J., Manolis 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Bevilacqua M.T., Bolognesi M.G., Dessalvi C.C., Calabrese A., Campanale E.G., Candusso R., Caso P., Cosmi F., Crea F., Crocamo A., De Caterina R., De Rosa S., Destro M., Di Biase M., Dognini G.P., Eleuteri E., Fedele F., Ferrario M., Gabrielli D., Gamba C., Ganau A., Gravellone M., Iannopollo G., Indolfi C., Infusino F., Invitti C., Landolfi A., Lembo G., Liberato N.L., Mannucci E., Marino P., Mariottoni B., Marziali A., Mercuro G., Monti L., Mos L., Mureddu V., Musumeci M.B., Novo S., Panzarino C., Parente A., Perotti M., Filardi P.P., Petrillo C., Piatti P., Priori S., Racca V., Ragghianti B., Renda G., Righini V., Sarcone M., Senni M., Soro E., Tamburrini P., Vallone L., Villani G.Q., Volpe M., Ajioka M., Akai Y., Ashino K., Baden M., Doi M., Eki Y., Endo T., Fukuike C., Hagiwara Y., Hasegawa K., Higuchi Y., Higuchi T., Hioki M., Hirayama A., Hiroma J., Hosokawa S., Ichisawa M., Iijima T., Inada T., Inagaki M., Ito K., Kaigawa K., Kajihara S., Kamiya H., Kamiya J., Kaneno Y., Katahira K., Kataoka M., Kawai M., Kawasaki T., Kojima E., Komura Y., Kuramochi T., Kuruma T., Kyo E., Mani H., Miyamoto T., Morii I., Morinaga Y., Morisawa T., Nagai Y., Naka T., Nakamura Y., Nakamura S., Nakayoshi K., Nishibe A., Ogawa M., Okada Y., Okawa M., Sakamoto Y., Sakurada M., Sasaki S., Seki S., Shimomura H., Shinozaki T., Sugimoto N., Suzuki A., Taguchi S., Takahashi J., Takase S., Tanabe K., Tanaka A., Tani S., Tomioka J., Tsuboi H., Tsuji M., Tsujita K., Tsujiyama S., Umesu A., Yamada T., Yamaguchi E., Yamamoto H., Yamamoto T., Yamane M., Yanase T., Yasuoka S., Yasutake M., Yokoyama M., Yoshida M., Yoshimoto E., Yunoki C., Balode A., Dormidontova G., Flaksa I., Nagele-Luse I., Rancane G., Sime I., Bartuseviciene S., Cepinskiene L., Dobilas V., Grigaraviciene I., Marcinkeviciene J., Mazutavicius R., Miliuniene R., Motiejuniene R., Norkiene S., Norkute-Macijauske U., Rudys A., Slapikas R., Stonkute K., Strazdiene D., Tijuneliene E., Urbonas G., Vanagiene S., Viezelis M., 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Bulashova O., Burova N., Churina S., Demidova M., Dorogova I., Dovgalevskiy Y., Dovgolis S., Dudarev M., Fitilev S., Gapon L., Gazizianova V., Gordeev I., Ivanov I., Izmozherova N., Kazanskay E., Khirmanov V., Khromtsova O., Konradi A., Kosmacheva E., Kozlova S., Kulibaba E., Kuzin A., Libov I., Lipchenko A., Lozhkina N., Malchikova S., Morozov E., Myslyaeva L., Onuchina E., Palatkina T., Panov A., Parmon E., Petelina T., Repin A., Reznik I., Sazonova E., Sergienko T., Shaposhnik I., Shapovalova Y., Shustov S., Shvarts Y., Skopets I., Skuratova M., Smolenskaya O., Solovev O., Trofimov V., Vasiliev M., Vezikova N., Vozzhaev A., Yakushin S., Zadionchenko V., Apostolovic S., Adjic N.C., Ilic I., Ilic S., Nikolic L., Pupic L., Stokuca-Korac N., Antalik L., Bugan V., Csala L., Dokupilova A., Dzupina A., Forgon T., Fulop P., Gonsorcik J., Gyorgyova E., Holoubek D., Horvat P., Kamensky G., Kolikova V., Krupciakova B., Lenner E., Lennerova J., Lukac J., Majercak I., Mancikova I., Micko K., 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Abbate A., Aboufakher R., Acampora M., Acampora D., Aceto L., Acevedo B., Acheatel R., Adams M., Adams A., Ahmad I., Ahmed S.H., Aish B., Akyea-Djamson A., Al Joundi T., Alcide P., Alfieri A., Alfonso T., Alfrey A., Allen J., Alllison D.C., Almaliky T., Amos A., Angiolillo D., Antolick A., Ara M., Aragorn L., Arevalo S., Armas E., Arthur A., Asafu-Adjaye N., Ashcom T., Ashford M., Aslam A., Ather N., Atieh M., Aull L., Ayala M., Azizad M., Backer T., Baehl S., Bailey S., Bair S., Baker C., Ballmajo M., Pieretti H.B., Baquero A., Barnett S., Baron S., Bartkowiak A., Bashir K., Beall K., Beauregard L.A., Sarah S., Beckett L., Belejchak P., Bendelow T., Bender D., Benjamin S., Berdoff R., Berger V., Bergeron P., Berk M., Bernstein M., Binns Y., Bitzer V., Blahey M., Bloch S., Bluemel J., Boffetti P., Boley K., Bonner J., Boudreaux R., Boulanger K., Bradley A., Bramlet D., Bredlau C., Briggs S., Brousalis L., Brown S., Brown C., Buchannan C., Burke W., Burley T., Burton C., Burtt D., Byars W., Caballero-Valiente B., Carr K., Halliwell T.C., Castillo J., Cei L., Cerda L., Chambers J., Chamblee T., Chattin W., Chee L., Chen Y.C., Cherlin R., Cheung D., Chiodi L., Christensen L., Christenson S., Cislowski D., Clavier-Firmin C., Colfer H., Colvin T., Cosgrove N., Covert C., Cox B., Cox R., Craig W., Crandall L., Crepps K., Cromer M., Cruz H., Cruz M., Cucher F., Damron M., Dave K., Dave B., Davis M., Davis B., Dawkins-Hughes S., Dean J., Debnam S., Defosse C., Dehning M., Dela Llana A., Dellorso M., Denham D., Desalle D., Dettmer M., Dhawan M., Diago M., Dicken T., Diederich C., Diederich M., Diehl R., Digangi D., Diller P., Dimattia M., Dodds G., Doggett J., Donahue K., Doughty L., Dragutksy B., Dreese M., Dunhurst F., Dunn D., Dutka C., Earl J., Eaton C., Eaves W., Ebeling K., Eder F., Edgerton L., Edillo C., Edwards J., Edwards T., Einhorn D., El Hafi S., Ellis M., Erickson B., Ervin W., Eskridge L., Fail P., Falcon D., Fang C., Fattal P., Fawson A., Felix L., Ferdinand K., Fien E., Fintel D., Firek C., Fitz-Patrick D., Flores E., Flores H., Floro T., Forker A., Foster M., Foucauld J., Lehman K.F., Fox B., Francoeur L., Frandsen B., Frivold G., Fruchter G., Fullerton D., Gabriel J., Gacioch G., Garas S., Garcia N., Garcia Rinaldi R., Garcia-Fragoso V., Garcia-Portela M., Gelb R., George F., Ghali J., Gilbert J., Gilley J., Glancy R., Goff R., Goldberg N., Gonzales D., Gonzales V., Gonzalez E., Gorges R., Gould R., Grabeau R., Grable M., Graham J.A., Graif J., Green E., Greener R., Greenway F., Grieshaber V., Griffin S., Gros C., Gudipati RVC., Guillinta P., Gupta V., Gutmann J., Gwyn M., El Hachem M., Hage F., Hageman T., Haidar A., Hakas J., Haldis T., Hall L., Hall C., Hall S., Halpern S., Hamud-Socoro A., Hardee L., Harrell W., Harrington A., Hartwell J., Hasan F., Hattler B., Haught H., Haynes E., Haywood A., Heaney L., Hecht J., Hernandez I., Herzog W., Hess E., Hill H., Hilton T., Hinderaker P., Hodnett P., Hoffman M., Hogan C., Holmes Z., Rees D.H., Hotchkiss D., Huang P., Humbert J., Hutchens E., Iachini K., Ibarra M., Igbokidi O., Ilahi T., Imbrognio M., Ipp E., Iteld B., Jacques G., Jafri A., Jafry B., Jardula M., Jefferson D., Jenkins R., Johnson E., Johnson J., Jones S., Kawahara M., Kelehan S., Kelly R., Kendall T., Kereiakes D., Khan M., Khan S., Kick J., Kimmel M., King T., King A., Kirkland S., Kissel S., Kitchens D., Klein P., Klugherz B., Korban E., Koren M., Korte M., Kostis J., Kotek L., Kozak M., Kreutter F., Kusnick B., Labovitz R., Lail J., Lamance J., Lamas G., Lambert J., Lambert C., Landzberg J., Langdon J., Lavoie W., Ledger G., Lee T., Lehman R., Leimbach W., Lennard M., Lepor N., Lester F., Levin P., Levinson L., Lewis D., Lillo J., Link L., Long C., Longaker R., Lorch G., Lucksinger G., Lynd S., Rhudy J.M., Madder R., Magness K., Maheshwari A., Alan A., Malek M., Maletz L., Malhotra V., Malhotra S., Mandviwala M., Mani C.K., Manuel J., Marchelletta N., Marshall L., Marsters M., Martin L., Martinez E., Mavromatis K., Maynard R., Mays M., Mays B., Mbulaiteye A., Mcalister R., Mccoy C., Mccrary D.Jr., Mccullough-O'Brien H., Mcdonald M., Mcgill J., Mcgrew F., Mckenzie C., Mclaurin B., Mclellan B.A., Mcneil D., Mcneill R., Mehrle A., Melbie K., Melliza T., Messina T., Meyer R., Michel K., Mikdadi G., Miller C., Miller R., Miller A., Miller G., Miller W., Mitchell J., Moats DJR., Mody F., Moffat J., Molk B., Molter D., Monroe T., Montero H., Montgomery R., Mookherjee D., Moran J., Moriarty P., Morrison J., Morton D., Moshayedi P., Mosley J., Moustafa M., Munshi K., Murray A., Mustafa J., Nadar V., Naidu R., Nalley J., Navy S., Neil L., Neutel J.M., Niblack P., Nicely V., Nicolai M., Nijmeh G., Nikas A., Nikyar A., Nixon S., Norman L., Noto G., Nour K., Nugent A., Ocman B., Odegard A., Olsen S., Ortiz-Carrasquillo R., Ossino N., Paez H., Palchick B., Paliwal Y., Pannell R., Parfait V., Partridge J., Patel B., Patel M., Patel S., Paysor C., Pena A., Pereira S., Perez M., Perez A., Perkins H., Perry B., Peters P., Phillippi C., Phillips A., Piacente R., Pintado M., Pish R., Pitt W., Poling T., Pomposini D., Poock J., Potts J., Poudrier R., Prior J., Pritchard C., Purighalla R., Quddusi K., Quinones J., Quinton D., Radin M., Radojcsics B., Rajput B., Rama B., Ramos M., Rauch R., Raynes K., Reber A.M., Reddy J., Reeves M., Reilly K., Renaud K., Resnick H., Reyes R., Richardson M., Riethof M., Riser J., Rodero M., Rodriguez Araya E., Roper L., Rozeman P., Ruder D., Runquist L., Sack G., Saint-Jacques H., Salfity M., Sall N., Sam K., Samal A., Sanchez D., Santiago J.Jr., Savignano C., Saylor R., Scheffel M., Schifferdecker B., Schindler E., Schneider P., Schneider R., Schnitzler R., Schrager B., Schwartz A., Scott R., Seals A., Shah A.V., Shah A., Shatsky K., Shayani S., Shealy N., Sheets L., Shelley J., Shepard P., Shetty S., Silver K., Simon M., Singh K., Singh N., Sizemore B.C., Skatrud L., Slayton C., Slimak V., Sloane G., Smallwood B., Smith P., Smith M., Smith T., Smith G., Smith B., Smith J., Soca Y., Sofley C., Sopko K., Sosa-Padilla M., Sotolongo R., Sprinkle B., Srivastava S., Starzec M., Steinhoff J., Stelly L., Stinson J., Stoddard M., Stoltz S., Stone B., Stover T., Strain J., Strugatsky S., Stys T., Suleman A., Sullivan P., Tamez W., Tandon N., Teltser M., Terry P.S., Terry K., Tessmar C., Thekkoott D., Thomas D., Thomas D.M., Thompson E., Thompson J., Thornton A., Tjaden T., Tobias C., Topper J., Tran A., Treasure C., Trenkamp P., Trevino M., Tsou L., Tuholske C., Uy W., Vahtel M., Vaid B., Valenzuela M., Vance A., Vandam J., Vanhecke T., Vanness WC III., Vargas R., Vaz S., Vazquez Tanus J., Veerina K., Vega J., Vento A., Vijay N., Voelker F., Vogt E., Vold D., Vora K., Wade R.D., Wadell C., Waksman R., Walker K., Wallace K., Warren M., Washam M., Watson B., Webel R., Wells T., West M., Whitaker J., White J., White C., White A., Wilhoit G., Wilkins M., Willingham K., Wilson S., Wilson V., Wise J., Woodall S., Woods A., Wright J., Xu Z.J., Yarows S., Young A., Younis L., Zarate J., Zebrack J., Zhang W., Zieve F., Zineldine A., Ridker P.M., Everett B.M., Thuren T., MacFadyen J.G., Chang W.H., Ballantyne C., Fonseca F., Nicolau J., Koenig W., Anker S.D., Kastelein J.J.P., Cornel J.H., Pais P., Pella D., Genest J., Cifkova R., Lorenzatti A., Forster T., Kobalava Z., Vida-Simiti L., Flather M., Shimokawa H., Ogawa H., Dellborg M., Rossi P.R.F., Troquay R.P.T., Libby P., Glynn R.J., Krum H., Varigos J., Siostrzonek P., Sinnaeve P., Gotcheva N., Yong H., Urina-Triana M., Milicic D., Vettus R., Manolis A.J., Wyss F., Sigurdsson A., Fucili A., Veze I., Petrauskiene B., Salvador L., Klemsdal T.O., Medina F., Budaj A., Otasevic P., Lainscak M., Seung K.B., Commerford P., Donath M., Hwang J.J., Kultursay H., Bilazarian S., East C., Forgosh L., Harris B., Ligueros M., Bohula E., Charmarthi B., Cheng S., Chou S., Danik J., McMahon G., Maron B., Ning M., Olenchock B., Pande R., Perlstein T., Pradhan A., Rost N., Singhal A., Taqueti V., Wei N., Burris H., Cioffi A., Dalseg A.M., Ghosh N., Gralow J., Mayer T., Rugo H., Fowler V., Limaye A.P., Cosgrove S., Levine D., Lopes R., Scott J., Hilkert R., Tamesby G., Mickel C., Manning B., Woelcke J., Tan M., Manfreda S., Ponce T., Kam J., Saini R., Banker K., Salko T., Nandy P., Tawfik R., O’Neil G., Manne S., Jirvankar P., Lal S., Nema D., Jose J., Collins R., Bailey K., Blumenthal R., Colhoun H., Gersh B., Abreu M., Actis M.V., Aiub J., Aiub F., Albisu J., Alvarisqueta A., Avalos V., Barreto M., Berli M.A., Blumberg C., Bocanera M., Botta C., Bowen L., Budassi N., Buhlman S., Westberg J.C., Carabajal T., Caruso G., Casala J., Cendali G., Coloma G., Berra F.C., Cuneo C., Degennaro N., Dellasa M., Diaz M., Dos Santos P., Espinosa V., Facello A., Facello M., Farias E., Fernandez A.A., Ferrari V., Pacora F.F., Flores G.S., Franco M., Gabito A., Viola H.G., Garcia F., Garcia Duran R., Garcia Pinna J., Glenny J., Godoy Sanchez M., Grosse A., Guzman P., Hasbani E., Hominal M., Ibañez J., Jure H., Jure D., Vico M.L., Liniado G., Luciardi H., Luquez H., Maehara G., Maffei L., Majul C., Mallagray M., Marinaro S., Martinez J., Massaccesi R., De Los Milagros Had M., Azize G.M., Montana O., Montenegro E., Morell Y., Muntaner J., Navarrete S., Olmedo M., Paganini M., Paz S., Perez Manghi F., Piskorz D., Polato C., Recoaro R., Romano A., Salinger M., Sanchez A., Saravia M.A., Sarjanovich R., Scaro G., Schiavi L.B., Soler J., Tinnirello V., Tomassi A., Valle M., Vallejo M.A., Venturini C., Marcela Wenetz L.M., Yossen M., Zaidman C., Zalazar L., Zangroniz P., Amerena J., Brady L., Colquhoun D., Eccleston D., Ferreira-Jardim A., French J., Jayasinghe R., Mcintosh C., Ord M., Plotz M., Purnell P., Roberts-Thomson P., Schultz C., Shanahan T., Tan R., Taverner P., Turner F., Vibert J., Vorster M., William M., Youssef G., Bergler-Klein J., Brath H., Brodmann M., Fliesser-Goerzer E., Haider K., Heeren G., Hiden C., Mandic L., Paulweber B., Ploechl A., Prenner A., Steringer-Mascherbauer R., Strohner-Kaestenbauer H., Barbato E., Bouvy C., Briké C., Charlier F., Cools F., De Knijf K., De Wolf L., Delforge M., Deweerdt N., Gits F., Goffinet C., Hermans K., Hollanders G., Mestdagh I., Pirenne B., Servaes V., Simons N., Tahon S., Theunissen E., Van Genechten G., Vervoort G., Vissers C., Vranckx P., Vrolix M., Abib E.Jr., Abrantes J., Araujo Fonseca M., Barbosa E., Barroso W., Barroso A., Bodanese L., Botelho R., Costa Amorim R., Da Costa F., Da Silva A., Da Silva O.Jr., Da Silva D.Jr., Ferreira Dos Santos T., Dos Santos F., Dos Santos A., Duda N., Feitosa G., Felario Junior GA., Ferraz R., Filho P., Fonseca A., Wanderley F.F., Freitas E., Fucci F., Marengo Garcia De Carvalho L., Hernandez M., Hettwer Magedanz E., Julião K., Kormann A., Lameira A., Lima F., Lino E., Maia L., Manenti E., Marchi A.L., Fischer S.M., Michalaros Y., Moraes J.Jr., Moreira L., Pagnan M., Pesce F., Pinheiro L., Rassi S., Reis G., Reis H., Resende I., Roel A., Ruschel K., 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Mehta S., Michaud N., Kouz S.M., Murphy G., OKeefe D., Otis R., Ouimet F., Pandey S., Peck C., Perkins L., Richert L., Robbins K., Robinson S., Cabau J.R., Ross B., Roy C., Roy M., Roy A., Rupka D., Affaki G.S., Saunders K., Savard D., Soucy D., St Amour E., Thiessen S., Vertes G., Vezina M., Vincelli G., Weisnagel S.J., Zadra R., Chen J., Chen Y., Dong X., Feng Y., Feng Z., Fu G., Han B., Hao Y., He Y., He Z., Hong T., Jia Z., Jiang T., Jiang J., Jiang X., Ke Y., Li Y., Li Z., Li W., Li X., Liu P., Liu Y., Liu B., Liu S., Liu L., Lu Z., Lv Y., Ma C., Ma G., Peng L., Qing L., Ren L., Sang X., Song M., Sun Z., Wang J., Wang Y., Wei J., Wu W., Wu J., Xu H., Yan J., Yang P., Yang K., Yao Z., Yaoqing H., Yuan Z., Zhai Z., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zhao R., Zhou H., Accini Mendoza JL., Aparicio C.V., Castillo T., Chaverra I., Conrado Y., Coronel J., Cotes C., Cuentas I., Cuervo A., Dussan M.A., Echeverria L., Hernandez E., Ibarra J., Isaza D., Jimenez D., Lopez P., Manzur F., Mejia I., Mendoza Y., Molina D.I., Patino J.M., Rodriguez D., Rodriguez L.M., Rodriguez S.M., Sanchez Vallejo G., Luz Serrano H., Sotomayor A., Urina M., Vesga B., Yupanqui H., Akrap B., Busic N., Ciglenecki N., Cmrecnjak J., Fucak E., Gabor M., Jeric M., Jutrisa N., Kordic K., Planinc I., Popovic Z., Radeljic V., Sesto I., Sutalo K., Tusek S., Belohlavek J., Budkova J., Busak L., Capova L., Cech V., Cermak O., Coufalova Z., Cyprian R., Dedek V., Dedkova S., Ferkl R., Hanak P., Hanustiakova A., Homza M., Horackova K., Houra M., Iveta H., Kaiserova L., Kala P., Karel I., Kellnerova I., Koleckar P., Kreckova M., Krupicka J., Lorenc Z., Machova V., Malik J., Masarikova L., Matyasek I., Mikus M., Mikusova T., Ondrasik J., Otava M., Palubova L., Pavlickova L., Peterka M., Petrova I., Pokorna B., Povolny P., Radvan M., Reznakova S., Rickova Z., Roszkowska P., Rotreklova M., Samkova D., Skalicka H., Slechticka A., Sternthal P., Telekes P., Tesak M., Vesely P., Vesely J., Vins P., Vitovec M., Vodnansky P., Zidova M., Keba E., Laane E., Pool T., Randvee L., Ratnik E., Reimand M., Reinmets S., Rivis L., Siemann M., Stern M., Toom M., Vahula V., Apel T., Axthelm C., Ayasse D., Ayasse M., Baar M., Baeumer A., Bagi E.S., Becker B., Binder A., Blankenberg S., Braun P., Johansen B.B., Contzen C., Delfonso F., Denecke C., Dengler T., Donaubauer T., Eichinger G., Englmann E., Erhard M., Faghih M., Foerster A., Frankenstein L., Fuchs R., Furch G., Gaeb-Strasas B., Germann H., Giese C., Goette A., Gravenhorst-Muenter U., Haege R., Haenel T., Hagemann D., Hagenow A., Hanefeld M., Heider J., Heisters J., Hennig D., Hielscher S., Himpel-Boenninghoff A., Holscher A., Hornig M., Jeserich M., Kaczmarek N., Kanitz S., Kara Y.D., Khariouzov A., Kiefer R., Kiroglu K., Klamm M., Klein C., Korth-Wiemann B., Krapivsky A., Kuenzler J., Kuntzsch A., Landers B., Lappo M., Laube S., Leggewie S., Lehmann D., Lepp H., Lierse T., Lindner C., Luecke-Uzar M., Luedemann J., Marschke T., Maruzzo S., Mauersberger K., Maus O., Meinrich M., Meissner A., Moehring B., Muehlhaus J., Mueller S., Muenter K.C., Muenzel T., Naumann R., Nebel J., Neumann J., Nuding S., Overhoff U., Papke B., Pencz I., Peter Y., Peukert A.M., Radde I., Rau T., Regner S., Reichenbach D., Reimer D., Rinke A., Roettges R., Romanski A., Rummel R., Samer H., Sanuri M., Sarnighausen H.E., Schäfer B., Scheibner T., Schermaul K.H., Schindler A., Schlundt C., Schmidt E., Schmidt K., Schnabel A., Schoen N., Schorn K., Schroeder T., Schulenburg D., Schulz M., Schulze U., Schulze J., Schumacher M., Schwerin G., Schwerin M., Stadelmeier S., Stahl H.D., Stahl A., Stockhausen J., Stockhausen G., Stoessel J., Stolze K., Stratmann M., Szymanowski N., Teschner A.B., Teske A., Uecker C., Veit S., Voeller H., Walter I., Walter J., Walther I., Weber H.G., Weimer J., Wichterich K., Wiebusch A., Willmerdinger M., Willner C., Winkelmann B., Winkler J., Wistuba T., Woehrle J., Wohnlich T., Wolf S., Woyczak D., Wrage P., Zirlik A., Anadiotis A., Chachalis 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Raghu C., Chauhan D., Chauhan H., Chavada J., Chaware G., Chella S., Chintala P., Dash D., Desai D., Devasia T., Dhanak R., Dobariya H., Dudhatra N., Duhan S., Fulwani M., Ghondale N., Ghosh S., Gohel P., Govindaraj D., Goyal B., Goyal S., Gundala A.K., Gupta M., Hardas S., Iby M., Jagtap P., Jain A., Joshi U., Karpuram M., Kaur H., Khan A., Khan R., Kodem D.R., Koeitti P., Kulkarni L., Kullal P., Kumar K.S., Kumbla M., Latheef K., Lohkare M., Santosh M.J., Makhe B., Mandati M., Mehta A., Minocha G., Mittal A., Modi R., Mohan K., Oomman A., Pai R., Pai V., Palaniswami N., Pansheriya A., Parekh N., Patel J., Patel R., Patole T., Praveen M., Radhakrishnan V., Rajan B A., Rajasekhar D., Rao M., Rao M.B., Rao N.M., Rathnavel S., Rathore A., Rathore SRS., Rawat S., Reddy N.C., Sarma R., Sathe S., Shah J., Shaikh P., Sharma K., Sharma S., Sharma T., Shetty P., Sidhu G., Singh V., Sohi G.S., Srinath V.S., Raju S.S., Taran A., Thakkar B., Velusamy K., Vijan V., Vora V., Vuriya A.K., Agosta G.F., Antonicelli R., Ardissino D., Argiolas G., Baldin M.G., Benedetti G., Berti S., Bevilacqua M.T., Bolognesi M.G., Dessalvi C.C., Calabrese A., Campanale E.G., Candusso R., Caso P., Cosmi F., Crea F., Crocamo A., De Caterina R., De Rosa S., Destro M., Di Biase M., Dognini G.P., Eleuteri E., Fedele F., Ferrario M., Gabrielli D., Gamba C., Ganau A., Gravellone M., Iannopollo G., Indolfi C., Infusino F., Invitti C., Landolfi A., Lembo G., Liberato N.L., Mannucci E., Marino P., Mariottoni B., Marziali A., Mercuro G., Monti L., Mos L., Mureddu V., Musumeci M.B., Novo S., Panzarino C., Parente A., Perotti M., Filardi P.P., Petrillo C., Piatti P., Priori S., Racca V., Ragghianti B., Renda G., Righini V., Sarcone M., Senni M., Soro E., Tamburrini P., Vallone L., Villani G.Q., Volpe M., Ajioka M., Akai Y., Ashino K., Baden M., Doi M., Eki Y., Endo T., Fukuike C., Hagiwara Y., Hasegawa K., Higuchi Y., Higuchi T., Hioki M., Hirayama A., Hiroma J., Hosokawa S., Ichisawa M., Iijima T., Inada T., Inagaki M., Ito K., Kaigawa K., Kajihara S., Kamiya H., Kamiya J., Kaneno Y., Katahira K., Kataoka M., Kawai M., Kawasaki T., Kojima E., Komura Y., Kuramochi T., Kuruma T., Kyo E., Mani H., Miyamoto T., Morii I., Morinaga Y., Morisawa T., Nagai Y., Naka T., Nakamura Y., Nakamura S., Nakayoshi K., Nishibe A., Ogawa M., Okada Y., Okawa M., Sakamoto Y., Sakurada M., Sasaki S., Seki S., Shimomura H., Shinozaki T., Sugimoto N., Suzuki A., Taguchi S., Takahashi J., Takase S., Tanabe K., Tanaka A., Tani S., Tomioka J., Tsuboi H., Tsuji M., Tsujita K., Tsujiyama S., Umesu A., Yamada T., Yamaguchi E., Yamamoto H., Yamamoto T., Yamane M., Yanase T., Yasuoka S., Yasutake M., Yokoyama M., Yoshida M., Yoshimoto E., Yunoki C., Balode A., Dormidontova G., Flaksa I., Nagele-Luse I., Rancane G., Sime I., Bartuseviciene S., Cepinskiene L., Dobilas V., Grigaraviciene I., Marcinkeviciene J., Mazutavicius R., Miliuniene R., Motiejuniene R., Norkiene S., Norkute-Macijauske U., Rudys A., Slapikas R., Stonkute K., Strazdiene D., Tijuneliene E., Urbonas G., Vanagiene S., Viezelis M., Arenas Leon JL., Bayram E., Carrillo J., Davalos C., De Los Rios M., Delgadillo T., Hernández N., Leon S., Mendoza N., Muñoz W., Ramos G., Anneveldt A., Bakker H., Brouwer M., Bunschoten P., De Boer P., De Jong C., De Vos A., Den Hartog F., Doesborg L., Dommerholt R., Drost I., Ellenbroek D., Engelen W., Folkeringa R.J., Hamer BJB., Herrman J.P., Hoogslag PAM., Jansen M., Jerzewski A., Joosten C., Kalkman C., Kietselaer B., Kok M., Kooiman E., Kose V., Lardinois R., Lenderink T., Lok DJA., Lousberg A., Meijlis P., Mulder R., Singerling M., Smeele F., Stroes E., Swart H.P., Ten Holt W., Van Der Wal M., Van Der Zwaan C., Van Kempen W.W., Van Maarseveen M., Van Stein I., Viergever E.P., Visseren FLJ., Voors C., Nugteren SKZ., Ata B., Berulfsen A., Rønnevik T.D., Dickstein K., Furuseth B., Grundtvig M., Hansen H., Hofsoey K., Høivik H.O., Bøen R.H., Hurtig U., Pettersen K.I., Johansen E., Kleve R., Kolleroy 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Akatova E., Avdonina N., Balukova E., Barbarash O.L., Bartosh L., Boyarkin M., Bulashova O., Burova N., Churina S., Demidova M., Dorogova I., Dovgalevskiy Y., Dovgolis S., Dudarev M., Fitilev S., Gapon L., Gazizianova V., Gordeev I., Ivanov I., Izmozherova N., Kazanskay E., Khirmanov V., Khromtsova O., Konradi A., Kosmacheva E., Kozlova S., Kulibaba E., Kuzin A., Libov I., Lipchenko A., Lozhkina N., Malchikova S., Morozov E., Myslyaeva L., Onuchina E., Palatkina T., Panov A., Parmon E., Petelina T., Repin A., Reznik I., Sazonova E., Sergienko T., Shaposhnik I., Shapovalova Y., Shustov S., Shvarts Y., Skopets I., Skuratova M., Smolenskaya O., Solovev O., Trofimov V., Vasiliev M., Vezikova N., Vozzhaev A., Yakushin S., Zadionchenko V., Apostolovic S., Adjic N.C., Ilic I., Ilic S., Nikolic L., Pupic L., Stokuca-Korac N., Antalik L., Bugan V., Csala L., Dokupilova A., Dzupina A., Forgon T., Fulop P., Gonsorcik J., Gyorgyova E., Holoubek D., Horvat P., Kamensky G., Kolikova V., Krupciakova B., Lenner E., Lennerova J., Lukac J., Majercak I., Mancikova I., Micko K., Nociar J., Pales J., Palka J.Jr., Poliacik P., Ruffini L., Sabo L., Skubova K., Slanina M., Smik R., Srdos V., Stitova M., Stofkova D., Strbova J., Such S., Toth P., Urgeova L., Vinanska D., Zareczky P., Flezar M., Kovacic D., Marcun R., Zagozen P., Bolsmann C., Conradie C., Dawood S.Y., Decsi K.L., Ebrahim I., Henley L., Horak A., Kapp I., Komati S., Lock E., Maboyi S., Makotoko E., Manga P., Page A., Ramdas S., Ranjith N., Roos J., Talliard C., Ajax K., Al-Khalili F., Assarsson E., Bergholtz T., Blom K.B., Boman K., Boström P.A., Curiac D., Jensen E.D., Dahlen G., Davidsson K., Duckert A., Hansson A., Härstedt N., Henriksson A., Olsson G.H., Johansson K., Jonsson J.E., Knutsson A., Lindholm C.J., Lönnberg I., Lundqvist M., Mellberg L., Moodh J., Mooe T., Olofsson M., Risenfors M., Rönndahl M., Sundelin R., Suorra I., Torgersruud M., Torstensson I., Chen C.P., Chen Z.C., Chen M.H., Cheng S.M., Cheng J.J., Fang 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Wakeling J., Walukiewicz P., Wilkinson S., Zaman A., Acevedo L., Benton J., Abbate A., Aboufakher R., Acampora M., Acampora D., Aceto L., Acevedo B., Acheatel R., Adams M., Adams A., Ahmad I., Ahmed S.H., Aish B., Akyea-Djamson A., Al Joundi T., Alcide P., Alfieri A., Alfonso T., Alfrey A., Allen J., Alllison D.C., Almaliky T., Amos A., Angiolillo D., Antolick A., Ara M., Aragorn L., Arevalo S., Armas E., Arthur A., Asafu-Adjaye N., Ashcom T., Ashford M., Aslam A., Ather N., Atieh M., Aull L., Ayala M., Azizad M., Backer T., Baehl S., Bailey S., Bair S., Baker C., Ballmajo M., Pieretti H.B., Baquero A., Barnett S., Baron S., Bartkowiak A., Bashir K., Beall K., Beauregard L.A., Sarah S., Beckett L., Belejchak P., Bendelow T., Bender D., Benjamin S., Berdoff R., Berger V., Bergeron P., Berk M., Bernstein M., Binns Y., Bitzer V., Blahey M., Bloch S., Bluemel J., Boffetti P., Boley K., Bonner J., Boudreaux R., Boulanger K., Bradley A., Bramlet D., Bredlau C., Briggs S., Brousalis L., Brown S., Brown C., Buchannan C., Burke W., Burley T., Burton C., Burtt D., Byars W., Caballero-Valiente B., Carr K., Halliwell T.C., Castillo J., Cei L., Cerda L., Chambers J., Chamblee T., Chattin W., Chee L., Chen Y.C., Cherlin R., Cheung D., Chiodi L., Christensen L., Christenson S., Cislowski D., Clavier-Firmin C., Colfer H., Colvin T., Cosgrove N., Covert C., Cox B., Cox R., Craig W., Crandall L., Crepps K., Cromer M., Cruz H., Cruz M., Cucher F., Damron M., Dave K., Dave B., Davis M., Davis B., Dawkins-Hughes S., Dean J., Debnam S., Defosse C., Dehning M., Dela Llana A., Dellorso M., Denham D., Desalle D., Dettmer M., Dhawan M., Diago M., Dicken T., Diederich C., Diederich M., Diehl R., Digangi D., Diller P., Dimattia M., Dodds G., Doggett J., Donahue K., Doughty L., Dragutksy B., Dreese M., Dunhurst F., Dunn D., Dutka C., Earl J., Eaton C., Eaves W., Ebeling K., Eder F., Edgerton L., Edillo C., Edwards J., Edwards T., Einhorn D., El Hafi S., Ellis M., Erickson B., Ervin W., Eskridge 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Willingham K., Wilson S., Wilson V., Wise J., Woodall S., Woods A., Wright J., Xu Z.J., Yarows S., Young A., Younis L., Zarate J., Zebrack J., Zhang W., Zieve F., and Zineldine A.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. RESULTS: At 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in the 300-mg group than in the placebo group. Canakinumab did not reduce lipid levels from baseline. At a median follow-up of 3.7 years, the incidence rate for the primary end point was 4.50 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group, 4.11 events per 100 person-years in the 50-mg group, 3.86 events per 100 person-years in the 150-mg group, and 3.90 events per 100 person-years in the 300-mg group. The hazard ratios as compared with placebo were as follows: in the 50-mg group, 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.07; P=0.30); in the 150-mg group, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P=0.021); and in the 300-mg group, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; P=0.031). The 150-mg dose, but not the other doses, met the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted threshold for statistical significance for the primary end point and the secondary end point that additionally included hospitalization for unstable angina that led to urgent revascularization (hazard ratio vs. placebo, 0.83
7. Antinociceptive activity of novel amide derivatives of imidazolidine-2,4-dione in a mouse model of acute pain.
- Author
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Czopek A, Sałat K, Byrtus H, Rychtyk J, Pawłowski M, Siwek A, Soluch J, Mureddu V, and Filipek B
- Subjects
- Amides chemical synthesis, Amides therapeutic use, Analgesics chemical synthesis, Animals, Anticonvulsants chemical synthesis, Anticonvulsants pharmacology, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Imidazolidines pharmacology, Imidazolidines therapeutic use, Locomotion drug effects, Male, Mice, Pain Measurement drug effects, Rotarod Performance Test, Structure-Activity Relationship, Acute Pain drug therapy, Amides pharmacology, Analgesics pharmacology, Imidazolidines chemistry
- Abstract
Background: Antiepileptic drugs are commonly used in non-epileptic disorders. For example, phenytoin and levetiracetam demonstrate analgesic properties in rodent models of pain. In order to enhance their antinociceptive activity, structural features of phenytoin and levetiracetam, such as imidazolidine-2,4-dione and amide bond in alkyl chain, were combined in one molecule. Furthermore, in preliminary studies, methoxyphenylpiperazinpropyl derivatives of imidazolidine-2,4-dione acted as antinociceptive agents in several rodent models of acute pain., Methods: The final compounds and the reference drugs - levetiracetam and phenytoin were evaluated in the hot plate test to assess their antinociceptive activity in this acute pain model. Furthermore, for the analgesic active compounds the impact on animals' locomotor activity and motor performance were estimated and the affinity to serotonergic (5-HT1A, 5-HT7) and adrenergic (α1) receptors was determined., Results: Three of the tested compounds: 7, 15 and 18 showed statistically significant antinociceptive properties at the dose of 30mg/kg. Among them, compound 18, 1-methyl-3-[1-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-oxobutan-2-yl]imidazolidine-2,4-dione, exhibited the most significant and long-lasting antinociceptive activity. Noteworthy, this activity was not associated with a negative effect on animals' motor functions. Serotonergic or adrenergic neurotransmission is not involved in this antinociceptive effect., Conclusion: Some amide derivatives of imidazolidine-2,4-diones possess antinociceptive properties in mice but further studies are needed to explain their mechanism of action and assess their toxicity., (Copyright © 2016 Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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