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61 results on '"Muriel Llubes"'

1. Arqueo 2.0. Renovación metodológica de la prospección arqueológica de zonas de montaña

Author: Carine Calastrenc, François Baleux, Nicolas Poirier, Christine Rendu, Pierre Campmajo, Nicolas Dobigeon, Nicolas Mellado, Claire Marais-Sicre, Marie-Claude Bal, Magali Philippe, and Muriel Llubes
Subjects: arqueología de alta montaña, métodos no invasivos, prospección arqueológica, Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract: Hicieron falta varias décadas de interacción y diálogo entre las ciencias humanas y las ciencias medioambientales, además de una serie de avances metodológicos, para que los espacios de altura fueran considerados algo más que inmutables y átonos. Sometidos a un cuestionamiento interdisciplinario integrado, revelan no una, sino muchas historias y dinámicas complejas. Historizar las zonas de montaña permite invertir el punto de vista global sobre las sociedades pirenaicas y reconsiderar los sistemas de valles. Es evidente que los equipos que participan en esta línea de investigación se enfrentan al problema de adquirir información primaria. Siendo requisito indispensable de toda investigación arqueológica, la prospección en alta montaña presenta especificidades propias y desafíos metodológicos particulares. Ahora es posible pensar en nuevos procedimientos de adquisición de información arqueológica basados en cinco grandes avances: la diversificación y miniaturización de los sensores, que permiten transportarlos en drones; la reducción significativa de los costes de adquisición de los vehículos aéreos; un entorno de vuelo cada vez más seguro; las herramientas de tratamiento de datos y el trabajo sobre la ergonomía informática, y la apertura de posibilidades que ofrece la inteligencia artificial, que permite prever posibilidades futuras para optimizar la detección de restos arqueológicos en entornos de gran altitud.
Published: 2023
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2. GNSS-R monitoring of soil moisture dynamics in areas of severe drought: example of Dahra in the Sahelian climatic zone (Senegal)

Author: Minh-Cuong Ha, José Darrozes, Muriel Llubes, Manuela Grippa, Guillaume Ramillien, Frédéric Frappart, Frédéric Baup, Håkan Torbern Tagesson, Eric Mougin, Idrissa Guiro, Laurent Kergoat, Huu Duy Nguyen, Lucia Seoane, Gregory Dufrechou, and Phuong-Lan Vu
Subjects: GNSS-R, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), Interference Pattern Technique (IPT), phase unwrapping, soil moisture, Oceanography, GC1-1581, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: ABSTRACTWith population growth, water will increase in the following decades tremendously. The optimization of water allocation for agriculture requires accurate soil moisture (SM) monitoring. Recent Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) studies take advantage of continuously emitted navigation signals by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellations to retrieve spatiotemporal soil moisture changes for soil with high clay content. It presents the advantage of sensing a whole surface around a reference GNSS antenna. This article focuses on sandy SM monitoring in the driest condition observed in the study field of Dahra, (Senegal). The area consists of 95% sand and in situ volumetric soil moisture (VSM) range from ~3% to ~5% durinf the dry to the rainy season. Unfortunately, the GNSS signals’ waves penetrated deep into the soil during the dry period and strongly reduced the accuracy of GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) surface moisture measurements. However, we obtain VSM estimate at low/medium penetration depth. The correlation reaches 0.9 with VSM error lower than 0.16% for the 5–10-cm-depth probes and achieves excellent temporal monitoring to benefit from the antenna heights directly correlated to spatial resolution. The SM measurement models in our research are potentially valuable tools that contribute to the planning of sustainable agriculture, especially in countries often affected by drought.
Published: 2022
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3. A 2D electrical resistivity tomography survey of a vineyard plot of the Gaillac appellation (France): interpretation with respect to possible implications on vine water supply

Author: Pierre Courjault-Radé, Muriel Llubes, José Darrozes, Marguerite Munoz, Eric Maire, and Nicolas Hirissou
Subjects: electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), Fer Servadou, Gaillac, appellation, geology, pedology, gravesac, Syrah, vineyard, water supply, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Aims: The aim of this 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey performed on a vineyard plot of the Gaillac appellation was to investigate spatial and temporal variations in subsurface water supply in relation with pedo-geological and morphological features. Methods and results: The ERT surveys were carried out under two contrasted - dry and humid - climatic conditions. All the resistivity profiles showed the superposition of two layers: a lower layer characterized by very low resistivity values (< 40 Ω.m) corresponding to a marly molassic subsoil overlaid by an upper layer characterized by moderate to high resistivity values (300 Ω.m to 1500 Ω.m) corresponding to a silty-sandy and gravely-pebbly soil sequence. The resistivity values of the molassic subsoil stayed very low independently of water supply conditions whereas those of the soil sequence decreased by a factor 2 (300/750 Ω.m versus 750/1500 Ω.m) when the plot was close to field capacity. Conclusion: The ERT results coupled with pedological and morphological data strongly suggest that the water flow is preferentially restricted at the molassic subsoil/soil sequence interface, short-lived and of low amplitude. Significance and impact of the study: Consequently, the water supply regime, which points out a potential risk of drought stress for vine crops, implies a minimization strategy when choosing vegetal material and viticultural management operations
Published: 2010
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4. Une campagne d’évaluation sur le site médiéval d’Albalat (Romangordo, Cáceres)

Author: Sophie Gilotte, Fabienne Landou, and Muriel Llubes
Subjects: History of Spain, DP1-402, Latin America. Spanish America, F1201-3799, French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature, PQ1-3999
Published: 2010
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5. RESPUESTA DE UN DIPOLO MAGNÉTICO VERTICAL ANTE LA PRESENCIA DE CARACTERÍSTICAS PALEOAMBIENTALES DE SITIOS PREHISPANICOS

Author: Louis Pastor, Christian Camerlynck, Nicolas Florsch, Eric Marmet, Roger Guerin, Richard Vanhoeserlande, Alexis Mojica, Muriel Llubes, Ricardo Tascón, and Rene Viel
Subjects: Análisis cartográfico, campo electromagnético, conductividad eléctrica, dipolo magnético, paleocanal, Slingram, Mathematics, QA1-939, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: La utilización de corrientes inducidas en el subsuelo ha constituido, hoy día, un punto muy importante en el desarrollo de instrumentos complejos, capaces de cuantificar el nivel de conducción de carga eléctrica a través de un determinado volumen de terreno. En este trabajo se analiza la respuesta, como señal física, de ciertos dispositivos electromagnéticos basados en el principio fisico de inducción (dipolos magnéticos), ante la presencia de estructuras arqueológicas y ciertos elementos que formaron parte de los alrededores de uno de los centros político— religiosos más importantes de toda la civilización mesoamericana. Se presenta, como caso específico, la respuesta de un paleocanal obtenida en la zona oeste del Conjunto Principal de Copán - Ruinas, Honduras.
Published: 2002

6. Crustal thickness estimation and interpretation in Greenland from space gravity data

Author: Florent Cambier, Muriel Llubes, Lucia Seoane, and José Darrozes
Abstract: Uses of recent gravity data, from Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellites, are an effective solution to obtain stable data over Greenland. Here, we used the GOCO06s and EGM2008 gravity models, as well as topography and ice thickness data from BedMachine v4, to reverse the complete Bouguer anomaly and obtain the thickness of the Greenlandic crust. Our results indicate an average thickness ranging between 45 and 47 ±4.5 km, with thin zones of 40 to 44 ±4.5 km and thick structures varying from 48 ±4.5 km up to 57 ±4.5 km. Our results are consistent with other studies albeit locally different on the coasts. A geological interpretation of our results has been completed and infer the presence of the Archean craton, the Paleoproterozoic domain, the Caledonian and Ellesmerian orogens, as well as another structure that could correspond to Paleo-Neoproterozoic basins.
Published: 2023
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7. Le site de Burguista (Ahaxe-Alciete-Bascassan, Pyrénées-Atlantiques) et les sépultures en fosse sous dalle mégalithique dans les Pyrénées occidentales

Author: Pablo Marticorena, Emmanuel Mens, Francis Bichot, Muriel Llubes, Lucia Seoane, Virginie Ropiot, Vincent Ard, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Marticorena Pablo, Mens Emmanuel, Bichot Francis, Llubes Muriel, Seoane corral Lucía, Ropiot Virginie, Ard Vincent. Le site de Burguista (Ahaxe-Alciete-Bascassan, Pyrénées-Atlantiques) et les sépultures en fosse sous dalle mégalithique dans les Pyrénées occidentales. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 117, n°3, 2020. pp. 512-515.
Published: 2020
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8. Geophysical characterization of near-surface formations in the La Villa River catchment (Los Santos, Panama)

Author: L.H. Cavalcante Fraga, M. Schmutz, J. Fábrega, Antonio Ramón Jiménez Ruiz, Fayçal Rejiba, M.G. Castrellón, Alexis Mojica, Muriel Llubes, S. Saavedra, Cécile Finco, J.L. De Guevara, and Cyril Schamper
Subjects: Horizon (geology), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Water table, Borehole, Aquifer, Electrical resistivity tomography, Geophysics, Structural basin, Surface water, Groundwater, Geology
Abstract: Summary The central Pacific Region (Panama) is known to suffer from water scarcity during periods of extended drought. The groundwater/surface water interactions and dynamics, provided by conceptual or numerical models are crucial for water resource management. At the regional scale, such models generally lack of structural information concerning the internal variability of the near surface formations. The spatialization of the direct observations from sparse boreholes can only achieved by geophysical investigations. The aim of this work is to characterize, in the La Villa groundwater basin, the near surface aquifer located in the lateritic horizon using electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), vertical electrical soundings (VES) and time domain electromagnetic soundings (TDEM). This case study illustrates the relevance of the use coupled ERI, TDEM and VES to describe the near surface variability due to the leaching of the lateritic horizon as well as the level of the water table.
Published: 2021
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9. Corrigendum to 'Crustal thickness, depth to the bottom of magnetic sources and thermal structure of the crust from Cameroon to Central African Republic: Preliminary results for a better understanding of the origin of the Bangui magnetic anomaly' [J. Afr. Earth Sci. 179 (2021), 104206]

Author: Albert Eyike Yomba, L. Seoane, Cyrille Donald Njiteu Tchoukeu, Charles Antoine Basseka, Muriel Llubes, Constantin Mathieu Som Mbang, Yvette Poudjom Djomani, Jacques Etame, and Sonia Rousse
Subjects: Thermal, Geology, Crust, Geophysics, Magnetic anomaly, Earth (classical element), Earth-Surface Processes
Published: 2021
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10. On the Use of 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography to Detect Archaeological Features in La Compañía de Jesús Convent, Panamá Viejo Site

Author: Muriel Llubes, Silvia I. Arroyo, Alexis Mojica, M. Lezcano, Louis Pastor, Carlos A. Ho, Noemi Rodriguez, and Mirta Linero Baroni
Subjects: 3d inversion, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Cloister, Electrical resistivity tomography, Archaeology, Geology
Abstract: 3D electrical resistivity tomography has become an important tool in the evaluation of the archaeological value of Hispanic sites in the tropics. This methodology was applied inside the open space (cloister) of La Compania de Jesus convent, which is one of the most important ancient structures of the Panama Viejo Historic Monumental Complex. In this area, a set of apparent electrical resistivity values was measured along 22 parallel profiles 23.5 m long, separated 1.0 m. 3D inversion of these data resulted in a set of horizontal maps of calculated electrical resistivity values at different depths, showing important electrical anomalies associated with the stone column bases and the limits of the cloister.
Published: 2019
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11. Crustal thickness, depth to the bottom of magnetic sources and thermal structure of the crust from Cameroon to Central African Republic: Preliminary results for a better understanding of the origin of the Bangui Magnetic Anomaly

Author: Constantin Som Mbang, Albert Eyike Yomba, Sonia Rousse, Lucia Seoane, Cyrille Donald Njiteu Tchoukeu, Jacques Etame, Yvette Poudjom Djomani, Muriel Llubes, Charles Antoine Basseka, Université de Douala, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Crust, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Curie depth, 01 natural sciences, Temperature gradient, Precambrian, Curie, Curie temperature, Petrology, Magnetic anomaly, Geothermal gradient, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The Bangui Magnetic Anomaly (BMA) is one of the largest magnetic anomalies in the world whose origin is still not known. This research investigated the crustal thickness , Curie depths and thermal structures in the Central African sub-regions – Cameroon, Central African Republic and adjacent countries – which are largely characterized by the Bangui Magnetic Anomaly. To achieve a better understanding and clearer idea of the location of the possible sources of the BMA, analyses of geothermal structures were conducted. Two potential methods were used: gravity to evaluate the crustal thickness and magnetics for geothermal analysis. Spectral analysis of gravity data shows that crustal thickness range between 14 and 55 km. The highest depths were found in Central African Republic. The lower values of crustal thickness were obtained in South-Chad basin with a minimum of roughly 14 km. Geothermal analysis is carried out using the Curie point depth, thermal gradient and heat-flow evaluations. The results show that the BMA is related to a thick crust of roughly 40 km. Depth to the bottom of possible sources does not exceed the lower crust. The mean Curie point depth estimated is 38 km with an error of ±2 km. Geothermal results also show the difference in the thermal behaviour between the crust in the Pan African and Precambrian domain. The mobile zone which constitutes the Pan African domain is associated with a thin crust of high heat-flow values of 65 mW/m 2. However, the Precambrian domain beneath the BMA is associated with a thick crust with lower heat-flow values (roughly 45 mW/m2). The difference between crustal thickness and Curie point depths shows that all the sources of the BMA are crustal. The present results are in favour of a geological origin for the Bangui Magnetic anomaly.
Published: 2021
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12. Geophysical methods for mapping Quaternary sediment thickness: Application to the Saint-Lary basin (French Pyrenees)

Author: Muriel Llubes, L. Seoane, Bernard Monod, Pierre Bottelin, Grégory Dufréchou, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ice stream, Bedrock, Pyrenees, Quaternary geology, Sediment-filled basin, Sediment, Geomorphology, Structural basin, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Passive seismic, Infill, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Quaternary, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; This study aims at mapping the sediment infill thickness in the Saint-Lary basin (Aure valley, French Pyrenees). For this purpose, we combine passive seismic and gravity surveys. The resonance frequencies of the sediment body are retrieved from seismic ambient measurements, while the gravimetric survey shows negative residual anomaly of about -3 mGal in the basin. Both methods reveal unexpected but consistent bedrock shape. The southern Saint-Lary basin appears deeper than its northern part, with maximal infill thickness of about 300 m and 150 m, respectively. Valley cross sections show regular and smooth "U"-shape in the southern Saint-Lary basin, in contrast to an irregular and asymmetric pattern in the northern basin. This basin shape may be related to Quaternary fluvio-glacial carving processes especially controlled by a regional fault (the Soulan fault), variations in bedrock hardness, and preferential ice flow paths.
Published: 2019
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13. Le gisement de mégafossiles ligneux de la Bourret (moyenne vallée de la Garonne) : processus de formation et signification climatique

Author: Mélodie David, Laurent Carozza, Jean-Michel Carozza, Laurent Sévègnes, Vanessa Py, Muriel Llubes, Philippe Valette, and Laurie Ferdinand
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, Geology, Art, Humanities, Earth-Surface Processes, media_common
Abstract: Le gisement de megafossiles ligneux de Bourret est le plus important identifie a ce jour en vallee de Garonne. La datation 14C de 8 des 17 troncs subfossiles de Quercus extraits s’echelonne entre 8 300 et 4 200 ans cal. BP. Elles attestent du caractere partiellement remanie du gisement. Certains de ces bois ont subi une ou des phases de stockage temporaire d’une duree comprise entre 4 100 et 1 000 ans avant d’etre incorpores definitivement dans la basse plaine. Les bois les plus anciens ont donc connu une histoire complexe comportant une phase d’injection dans le chenal, de stockage dans des unites intermediaires, puis une erosion et une nouvelle phase de depot avec la charge de fond. Les bois les plus jeunes resultent quant a eux d’une injection directe depuis la ripisylve dans le systeme fluvial. L’agregation des dates obtenues sur ce site et sur les sites decouverts anterieurement s’organisent en 3 agregats (env. 8 200, 5 200 et 4 200 ans cal. BP). Ceci suggere que l’injection des bois dans le systeme fluvial est liee a des phases de forte activite hydrosedimentaire. Le synchronisme avec les Rapid Climate Changes (RCC) suggere un controle climatique sur ce processus, ce qui nous amene a proposer un schema conceptuel de formation des gisements de bois fossiles.
Published: 2015
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14. Structures dolméniques et territoires dans les Pyrénées nord-occidentales, rapport de PCR, Direction des Affaires Culturelles d’Aquitaine et d’Occitanie, Service Régional d’Archéologie

Author: Pablo Marticorena, Vincent Ard, Francis Bichot, Sarah Boscus, Benjamin Caule, Patrice Courtaud, Antoine Laurent, Valérie-Emma Leroux, Delphine Linard, Muriel Llubes, Emmanuel Mens, Marylise Onfray, Olivier Weller, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Identités, Territoires, Expressions, Mobilités (ITEM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Patrimoine, Littérature, Histoire (PLH), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SRA nouvelle Aquitaine, and SRA occitanie
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Published: 2018

15. Electrical Resistivity Survey to Locate Buried Colonial Structures in the Santo Domingo’s Historic Complex, Panama

Author: Christian Camerlynck, M. Lezcano, Fayçal Rejiba, Carlos A. Ho, F. Durán, G. Arosemena, Louis Pastor, Muriel Llubes, Alexis Mojica, University of Panama, Panamá Viejo Historical Monument Complex, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Prospection, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Electrical resistivity and conductivity, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Electrical resistivity tomography, Pebble, Debris, Archaeology, Geology, Geophysical prospecting
Abstract: International audience; Electrical resistivity tomography is a powerful tool for investigating hispanic structures in the tropic. This technique of geophysical prospecting was developed in one of the most important ruins that are part of the archaeological site of Panama Viejo: Santo Domingo’s complex. The prospection was carried out in three zones with the aim to detect buried archaeological structures linked to church and the convent. In all zones, we detected a set of strong electrical anomalies at shallow depths associated with debris from walls and fallen roofs, and deeper we detected high electrical anomalies linked to walls, pebble floors, stone pillars and footing.
Published: 2018
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16. Response to reviewer 2

Author: Muriel Llubes
Published: 2017
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17. Response to M. An

Author: Muriel Llubes
Published: 2017
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18. Crustal Thickness of Antarctica estimated using data from gravimetric satellites

Author: Muriel Llubes, Lucia Seoane, Sean Bruinsma, Frédérique Rémy, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: lcsh:Geology, lcsh:Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], lcsh:QE1-996.5, 010503 geology, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QE640-699, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Abstract. Computing a better crustal thickness model is still a necessary improvement in Antarctica. In this remote continent where almost all the bedrock is covered by the ice sheet, seismic investigations do not reach a sufficient spatial resolution for geological and geophysical purposes. Here, we present a global map of Antarctic crustal thickness computed from space gravity observations. The DIR5 gravity field model, built from GOCE and GRACE gravimetric data, is inverted with the Parker–Oldenburg iterative algorithm. The BEDMAP products are used to estimate the gravity effect of the ice and the rocky surface. Our result is compared to crustal thickness calculated from seismological studies and the CRUST1.0 and AN1 models. Although the CRUST1.0 model shows a very good agreement with ours, its spatial resolution is larger than the one we obtain with gravimetric data. Finally, we compute a model in which the crust–mantle density contrast is adjusted to fit the Moho depth from the CRUST1.0 model. In East Antarctica, the resulting density contrast clearly shows higher values than in West Antarctica.
Published: 2017
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19. Formation processes and evolution of enclosed depressions of gulf of Lion (South of France) during the upper pleistocene and the lateglacial

Author: Mélodie David, Muriel Llubes, Laurent Carozza, Jean-Michel Carozza, Mihaela Danu, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Iasi, Université Ioan Cuza de Iasi (Université Ioan Cuza de Iasi), and Université de Iasi-Université de Iasi
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Oceanography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pleistocene, Geology, 14. Life underwater, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017
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20. Snow- and ice-height change in Antarctica from satellite gravimetry and altimetry data

Author: Anthony Mémin, Florence Rémy, T. Flament, and Muriel Llubes
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Elevation, Antarctic ice sheet, Glacier, Snow, Glacier mass balance, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Climatology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Cryosphere, Climate model, Physical geography, Altimeter, Geology
Abstract: We combine the surface-elevation and surface-mass change derived from Envisat data and GRACE solutions, respectively, to estimate regional changes in air and ice content of the surface of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) between January 2003 and October 2010. This leads, upon certain assumptions, to the separation of the rates of recent snow-accumulation change and that of ice-mass change. We obtain that the height of ice in Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers sectors decreases ( ≤ − 15.7 cm / yr ) while that in the Kamb glacier sector increases (≥5.3 cm/yr). The central part of the East AIS is mostly stable while the whole Dronning Maud Land coast is dominated by an increase in snow accumulation. The Kemp land regions show an ice-mass gain that accounts for 67–74% of the observed rates of elevation change in these regions. A good agreement is obtained over 68% of the investigated area, mostly in the East AIS, between our estimated rates of snow accumulation change and the predicted rates of the monthly surface mass balance derived from a regional atmospheric climate model.
Published: 2014
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21. Searching for ancient pits and voids at the Ouels Mine (Castel-Minier, France) by using geophysical methods

Author: Nicolas, Florsch, Lucia, Seoane, Muriel, Llubes, and Florian, Téreygeol
Abstract: •Mines are an important aspect of ancient industrial heritage.•The coupling of geophysical methods is relevant to the search for mining cavities.•This article is exemplary in terms of interdisciplinarity between historical and experimental sciences.
Published: 2024
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22. Geomorphological evolution of Mediterranean enclosed depressions in the Late glacial and Holocene: The example of Canohès (Roussillon, SE France)

Author: Laurent Carozza, Jean-Michel Carozza, Muriel Llubes, Mélodie David, Mihaela Danu, Élodie Faure, Claire Manen, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Iasi, Université Ioan Cuza de Iasi (Université Ioan Cuza de Iasi), Université de Iasi-Université de Iasi, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Fluvial, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Allerød oscillation, Paleontology, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Deglaciation, Alluvium, Glacial period, Younger Dryas, Holocene, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The origin and evolution of the enclosed depressions (pans) of southern France during the period from the Late Glacial to the Holocene are discussed on the basis of newstratigraphical, geophysical and chronological (14C) data from the Canohes depression (Roussillon, Southern of France) and its nearby environment. The Canohes depression is non-karstic, excavated from Pliocene arkosic sands that were shaped by eolian erosion during cold stages of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. The timing and controlling factors of eolian carving of the depression are discussed on the basis of geomorphological data, surrounding alluvial terrace chronology, preserved ledge within the depression and alluvial infill of the depression. Formation of the depressionwas controlled, locally, by climate variability and its consequences on vegetation and water table position and, regionally, by the sea base level. The enclosed depression probably started to form during MIS 6, reaching its maximum depth during MIS 2. Climate variability in the region is recorded in the depression's infill. The basal deposits are of fluvial origin and record the increase of moisture and temperature during the Early Late-Glacial. The first lacustrine deposits are observed during the Bolling/GI-1e stage,while continental sedimentation and drying occurred during the Allerod and Younger Dryas stages. During the Early and Middle Holocene, lacustrine conditions prevailed, except during short periods of drying. The specific evolution of the Canohes depression as regards other such formations is discussed in light of regional deglaciation and climate chronology. A regional synthesis of eolian erosion is proposed.
Published: 2016
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23. Integrated Geophysical Surveys of the Fort San Lorenzo, Panama, Central America

Author: R. González, M. Lezcano, R. Vanhoeserlande, M. Gómez, Fayçal Rejiba, Alexis Mojica, Muriel Llubes, Christian Camerlynck, R. Buenaño, Julien Thiesson, O. Cubilla, Louis Pastor, and B. Rangel
Subjects: Tectonics, Panama, medicine.medical_specialty, Telmatology, Vertical gradient, medicine, Stratigraphy (archaeology), Geomorphology, Archaeology, Geology, Metamorphic petrology
Abstract: The archaeological site of Fort San Lorenzo is located in the mouth of the Chagres River, Northern sector of Panama (Central America) and is one of the most important Hispanic archaeological sites of the Isthmus (17th and 18th century) because it served to protect the Chagres River-Las Cruces Trail (with the treasures from South America) from the English pirates. Two zones have been surveyed using a low-frequency multi-coil electromagnetic and magnetic (in vertical gradient configuration) devices. Maps of Zone 1 (Northeast sector) show an alignment along the surveyed area which may be linked with a trench used as a strategic military route and a boundary between the hornwork of the main structure with the external battery. Maps of Zone 2 (Central Sector) show a portion of a buried wall, possibly linked to an important structure of the Fort.
Published: 2016
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24. Induced polarization 3D tomography of an archaeological direct reduction slag heap

Author: Florian Téreygeol, Nicolas Florsch, and Muriel Llubes
Subjects: Spectral induced polarisation, Engineering geology, Mineralogy, Slag, Induced polarization, Archaeology, Geophysics, visual_art, Smelting, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Economic geology, Igneous petrology, Geology, Heap (data structure)
Abstract: Both environmentalists and archaeologists are interested in the detection and quantification of the remains of mine slag heaps from ancient smelters: possible pollution of the slag heaps and information concerning the history of the smelter’s mine. Although magnetic surveys can be used to detect subsurface slag accumulations, it is not possible to derive the total amount of material from such surveys or to accurately delineate the heaps through the use of this method. Conversely, ‘Induced Polarization’ (IP) surveying allows a relevant and robust assessment of the volume of slag concentrations to be determined. In the present study, we follow up on results obtained in a previous study, carried out at the 14 th Castel-Minier mine (Ariege, France) site, where we have shown that the chargeability is proportional to the slag concentration in the ground and have used this property to perform 3D tomography of the heap. Based on a previous investigation using spectral induced polarization along a simple profile showing that the phase peak related to the slags is situated at approximately 1 Hz, in the present paper we extend our prospection to 3D by using a Terrameter SAS1000 and measuring temporal chargeability. The set of three-dimensional data is recorded by means of classical transect measurements along parallel close profiles and is then interpreted using the RES3DINV code. Finally, archaeological and auger soundings confirmed the assessments derived from this geophysical investigation. We also briefly discuss the source of the IP signal, which we suspect to be induced by magnetite particles embedded in the slags.
Published: 2012
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25. Quantification of slag heap volumes and masses through the use of induced polarization: application to the Castel-Minier site

Author: Florian Téreygeol, P. Roblet, Muriel Llubes, Nicolas Florsch, and Ahmad Ghorbani
Subjects: Archeology, visual_art, Archaeometallurgy, Smelting, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Slag, Mineralogy, Environmental science, Induced polarization
Abstract: When used for archaeological purposes, geophysical methods are often useful for the exploration, detection and mapping of archaeological remains. In the case of ancient metallurgical activities, slag accumulations form precious mineral records of these activities. Evaluating the volume of slag produced in such locations is an important issue, since it enables an estimate of the amount of metal produced in the smeltery. Unfortunately, slags themselves cannot be easily detected by DC electrical methods. Although they can be easily detected using magnetic techniques, these methods do not allow for an estimate of the quantity of slag, because magnetic fields do not conserve magnetic flux. In the present study we show that the Induced Polarization method (IP) is suited to the quantification of buried slags, provided the slag response has been suitably calibrated prior to the field measurements. The ability to quantify the quantity of slag is based on the quasi-linear relationship between the main IP parameter, i.e., the chargeability, and the slag concentration. This approach provides a new, non-invasive tool for the estimation of the volume of buried slag in palaeometallurgical sites. In this paper, an application of this technique for the site of Castel-Minier, Ariege, France, is presented.
Published: 2011
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26. Dosages par fluorescence X portable d’ateliers médiévaux de production des métaux non-ferreux

Author: Nicolas Florsch, E. Foy, Muriel Llubes, Florian Téreygeol, and Adrien Arles
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, 13. Climate action, 0601 history and archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: La difficulte liee a la detection des ateliers de metallurgie des non-ferreux a conduit a tester un nouveau mode de prospection par spectrometrie de fluorescence X portable. Apres une phase de calibration qui a donne de tres bons resultats pour les metaux recherches dans cette etude, trois approches ont ete tentees sur le site de Castel-Minier (site minier et pluri metallurgique du second Moyen Âge, Ariege, France). Grâce a un travail interdisciplinaire incluant a la geochimie, l’archeologie, l’histoire et la geophysique, les resultats ont ete particulierement positifs. Ils ont conduit a une meilleure perception chronologique du site, a la localisation d’ateliers de traitement de scorie et la seriation des anomalies geochimiques.
Published: 2010
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27. Estimation of the Free Core Nutation parameters from SG data: Sensitivity study and comparative analysis using linearized least-squares and Bayesian methods

Author: Jacques Hinderer, Séverine Rosat, Nicolas Florsch, Muriel Llubes, Dynamique globale et déformation active (IPGS) (IPGS-DGDA), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: Free Core Nutation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Bayesian probability, Bayesian analysis, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Tidal Waves, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Superconducting Gravimeter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Gravimeter, Nutation, Mathematical analysis, Inversion (meteorology), Geodesy, Geophysics, Amplitude, Gravimetric analysis, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The Free Core Nutation (FCN) is investigated with the help of its resonance effect on the tidal amplitudes in Superconducting Gravimeter (SG) records of the GGP network. The FCN resonance parameters are combined in a resonance equation involving the Earth's interior parameters. The sensitivity of the FCN parameters to the diurnal tidal waves demonstrates that the quality factor of the FCN is strongly dependent on the accuracy of the imaginary part estimates of the gravimetric factors close to the resonance. The weak amplitude of tidal wave on the Earth, which is the closest in frequency to the FCN, in addition to errors in ocean loading correction, explains the poor determination of the quality factor from surface gravimetric data. The inversion of tidal gravimetric factors leads to estimates of the period, and resonance strength of the FCN. We show that, by inverting log() instead of , the results using the least-squares method optimized using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm are in agreement with the Bayesian probabilistic results and agree with the results obtained from VLBI nutation data. Finally, a combined inversion of 7 GGP European SG data is performed giving T = 428 +/- 3 days and 7762 < Q < 31989 (90% C.I.). An experimental estimate of the internal pressure Love number is also proposed.
Published: 2009
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28. Antarctica seasonal mass variations detected by GRACE

Author: Jean-Michel Lemoine, Muriel Llubes, Frédérique Rémy, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique terrestre et planétaire (DTP), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: geography, Series (stratigraphy), Gravity (chemistry), geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric pressure, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Snow, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Peninsula, Climatology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Ocean tide, Polar, Precipitation, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The newly available GRGS-EIGEN-GL04-30day solutions computed by the GRGS group in Toulouse are used to study inter- and intra-annual mass variations in Antarctica. The series of gravity coefficients cover the period from July 2002 to March 2005. They are corrected for ocean tides, ocean high frequencies and atmospheric pressure, so the remaining signal mostly comes from ice mass variations and post-glacial rebound. The errors of these fields are estimated to be less than 2.4 cm of water height equivalent, with punctual values of only 0.5 cm. The polar Antarctica zone benefits from a low error level, which compensates for the weak gravity variations. The temporal signal computed over the whole continent shows a clear seasonal cycle, with a maximum of precipitation during winter months and a minimum during summer months. The ratio between winter and summer snow precipitation is also estimated to be 2.75 which accords well with previous studies. The gravity fields are developed to provide suitable information up to 666 km. The study could therefore focus on regional areas. The coastal zones exhibit higher variable signals with stronger snow accumulation rates than the central part, in agreement with climatologic models and in situ observations. The peninsula zone has the highest values, with a clear semi-annual component.
Published: 2007
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29. Local hydrology, the Global Geodynamics Project and CHAMP/GRACE perspective: some case studies

Author: Muriel Llubes, M. Amalvict, Nicolas Florsch, Jacques Hinderer, and Laurent Longuevergne
Subjects: Hydrology, geography, Hydrogeology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Gravimeter, Aquifer, Context (language use), Geodynamics, Atmosphere, Geophysics, Scale (map), Groundwater, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: We first quantify the influence of aquifers on gravity variations by considering local, regional and continental scales. We show that locally only the direct attraction of the underlying aquifer has to be taken into account. At continental (or global scales), the underground water masses act by direct attraction (due to the earth curvature), loading flexure and potential redistribution. We show that at the intermediate regional scale (saying a few kilometres to a few hundreds of kilometres), groundwater contributions can be neglected in practice. Afterwards, we illustrate the difficulties in tackling the local hydrological context by studying comparatively the geological and hydrogeological surroundings of three European Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) superconducting gravimeter stations (Strasbourg, Moxa, and Vienna). Finally, it appears clearly that hydrological variability and cycle characterisations constitute the up-to-date challenge while studying gravity variations in a large spectral range. That is why, gravity is used to quantify hydrological transfers, and overall when seeking for small signals from the Earth's deep interior or other environmental signals (atmosphere, oceans) where groundwater influence can be seen as a disturbance.
Published: 2004
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30. Non-linear oceanic tides observed by superconducting gravimeters in Europe

Author: Séverine Rosat, Thierry Letellier, Nicolas Florsch, Richard D. Ray, Jean-Paul Boy, Jacques Hinderer, Florent Lyard, Muriel Llubes, Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Dynamique globale et déformation active (IPGS) (IPGS-DGDA), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: Gravity (chemistry), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, 14. Life underwater, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Superconductivity, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Gravimeter, Continental shelf, Nonlinear system, Geophysics, Amplitude, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Ocean tide, Tide gauge, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Geology
Abstract: International audience; We have analyzed data from nine superconducting gravimeters in Western Europe and detected the contribution of non-linear ocean tides in the quarter-diurnal and sixth-diurnal frequency bands. Despite their small amplitudes, a few nanogals (10-11 m s-2), we have compared the tidal loading observations with the loading effects inferred from several non-linear ocean tide models over the North-West European continental shelf and found that they are coherent with the recent models. We also confirmed our results with tide gauge data and Topex/Poseidon altimetric data. We have also shown that the differences between the ocean tidal models are significantly larger than the accuracy of recent superconducting gravimeters. Therefore, we suggest that gravity measurements can be used as an independent validation tool for non-linear ocean tidal models, complementary to tide gauge and bottom pressure records.
Published: 2004
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31. Crustal thickness in Antarctica from CHAMP gravimetry

Author: Jean-Michel Lemoine, Benoit Legresy, S. Loyer, David Crossley, Frédérique Rémy, Muriel Llubes, and Nicolas Florsch
Subjects: Geophysics, Geodesy, Gravity anomaly, Mantle (geology), Gravity of Earth, Gravitational field, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Isostasy, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Gravimetry, Geology, Bouguer anomaly, Free-air gravity anomaly
Abstract: CHAMP, flying at an altitude of about 400 km, is the first of a new generation of satellites dedicated to Earth gravity field observation. The high-quality data have generated new gravity field models: EIGEN-1S in 2001, and EIGEN-2S more recently. The gravitational potential is decomposed into spherical harmonic coefficients and in this study we use the free air gravity anomalies reconstituted up to degree 60, at zero altitude. The anomalies for the Antarctic continent range from −57 to 65 mGal. We have modeled the gravity effect from the ice, the ocean and the bedrock, using a 666 km cut-off filter to simulate the resolution obtained by CHAMP. Computing the differences between this terrain effect and the CHAMP map provides a map of the Bouguer anomalies. Because of the dominant influence of the crust, we first used a crustal thickness model from seismology. This gives a map of the mantle Bouguer anomalies, the range of which is still large (between −255 and 216 mGal) indicating imperfections in the crust model. By appealing to isostasy we then imposed the condition that this mantle Bouguer anomaly should vanish and therefore solve for a new resulting crustal thickness. This gravity-based crust model gives thicknesses from 8.5 to 42.6 km in the zone of interest. There is a good general agreement with seismological models, but our models shows more detail, particularly in the western part of the continent. These details are in agreement with geological studies.
Published: 2003
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32. Reconstructing past terrace fields in the Pyrenees: Insights into land management and settlement from the Bronze Age to the Early Modern era at Vilalta (1650 masl, Cerdagne, France)

Author: Marc Conesa, Christine Rendu, Muriel Llubes, Ramon Julia, Véronique Lallemand, Olivier Passarrius, Delphine Bousquet, Carine Calastrenc, Pierre Campmajo, Clara Jodry, Denis Crabol, Elisabeth Bille, Pauline Illes, France, Amériques, Espagne – Sociétés, pouvoirs, acteurs (FRAMESPA), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche sur les Sociétés et Environnements en Méditerranées (CRESEM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Service archéologique Départemental des Pyrénées-Orientales, Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de Recherches Archéologiques et Historiques de Cerdagne, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Géophysique et évaluation non destructive (IFSTTAR/GERS/GeoEND), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Service Régional de l'Archéologie du Languedoc-Roussillon (SRA Languedoc-Roussillon), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Terrace (agriculture), mountain, Land management, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Agricultural land, law, Bronze Age, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, Landscape archaeology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Settlement, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, Feature (archaeology), 06 humanities and the arts, Massif, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, landscape archaeology, terrace, offsite dating, Geology
Abstract: © Trustees of Boston University 2015. The building of a solar power station at Thémis, at 1650 masl on the south-facing slope of the Carlit massif in the eastern Pyrenees, led to an archaeological evaluation from April-June 2009. This evaluation covered a surface of 10 ha that included a medieval village as well as the surrounding agricultural land in terraces. Non-destructive archaeological methods were used for the village. A detailed study of the 6 ha of terraces began with a fieldwalking survey, mapping every visible feature, followed by systematic trial trenches. Fifty-five trenches, 11 in the village and 44 in the fields, were opened. The stratigraphies were then compared with a series of 22 radiocarbon dates and eight relative dates provided by ceramic typologies. This combination of surface and buried evidence supported our preliminary hypothesis about the dynamics of the slope. The results suggest the existence of agrarian features beginning in the Bronze Age and reveal that the field patterns were frequently transformed, both in the Medieval and Early Modern periods. The transformations in the terrace fields after the village was abandoned are as interesting as those during occupation because, contrary to the idea of a fixed, unchanging landscape after the end of the Middle Ages, they challenge the idea that mountain zones are marginal spaces by nature, or were marginalized later.
Published: 2015
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33. GPS measurements of ocean loading and its impact on zenith tropospheric delay estimates: a case study in Brittany, France

Author: Jacques Hinderer, Bernard Simon, Nicolas Florsch, M. F. Lalancette, Guy Wöppelmann, S. Vey, Muriel Llubes, F. Duquenne, Martine Amalvict, Jennifer S. Haase, Eric Calais, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Western Europe, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, models, Gravitational field, Geochemistry and Petrology, Global Positioning System, gravity field, Brittany, geodesy, Cutoff, 14. Life underwater, Computers in Earth Sciences, Zenith, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Data processing, accuracy, business.industry, maps, Elevation, prediction, Geodesy, Europe, Geophysics, Amplitude, troposphere, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, France, business, data processing
Abstract: International audience; The results from a global positioning system (GPS) experiment carried out in Brittany, France, in October 1999, aimed at measuring crustal displacements caused by ocean loading and quantifying their effects on GPS-derived tropospheric delay estimates, are presented. The loading effect in the vertical and horizontal position time series is identified, however with significant disagreement in amplitude compared to ocean loading model predictions. It is shown that these amplitude misfits result from spatial tropospheric heterogeneities not accounted for in the data processing. The effect of ocean loading on GPS-derived zenith total delay (ZTD) estimates is investigated and a scaling factor of 4.4 between ZTD and station height for a 10° elevation cutoff angle is found (i.e. a 4.4-cm station height error would map into a 1-cm ZTD error). Consequently, unmodeled ocean loading effects map into significant errors in ZTD estimates and ocean loading modeling must be properly implemented when estimating ZTD parameters from GPS data for meteorological applications. Ocean loading effects must be known with an accuracy of better than 3 cm in order to meet the accuracy requirements of meteorological and climatological applications of GPS-derived precipitable water vapor.
Published: 2002
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34. Non-Invasive Time-Lapse Imaging of Rainfall Infiltration Levels in the Sedimentary Soils of Central Panama

Author: Alexis Mojica, Reinhardt Pinzón, Irving Díaz, Muriel Llubes, Carlos A. Ho, and Louis Pastor
Subjects: Hydrology, Wet season, Water resources, Infiltration (hydrology), Geography, Moisture, Soil water, Sedimentary rock, Electrical resistivity tomography, Groundwater
Abstract: The economic and commercial worldwide impact of the Panama Canal makes this route one of the most important international maritime routes. The quality of water in communities located near the vicinity of the Canal makes conservation and understanding of water resources a priority. In order to identify the stratigraphy and to understand the infiltration processes caused by the rains in the area of Gamboa between the transition (dry to rainy season) and rainy seasons, a time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography analysis was performed. The results showed two horizons constituted mainly by clay material. The first one composed of clay and accumulation of rocks in some areas and the second, the same clay material with certain level of moisture. About the time-lapse results, the negative percent change of resistivity (between 0 and -46.5%) obtained are associated with the rainfall that reached 19 mm during the last days of the second survey; this fact demonstrates the remarkable contribution of the rains to the groundwater that feed the Panama Canal. Moreover, the positive percent change of resistivity (between 0 and 50%) are linked to artefacts which can be common linked to inversion scheme, electrode array or electrode removal and relocation process.
Published: 2017
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35. Observation gravimétrique des surcharges océaniques : premières expériences en Bretagne

Author: Muriel Llubes, Marie-Françoise Lalancette, Nicolas Florsch, Delphine Orseau, Martine Amalvict, Bernard Simon, and Jacques Hinderer
Subjects: Atmospheric pressure, Gravimeter, Geodetic datum, Ocean Engineering, Crust, Geodesy, Residual, Physics::Geophysics, Polar motion, Tide gauge, Vertical displacement, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology
Abstract: Ocean loading involves both the dynamic and geometric effects that result from the action of ocean water masses on the crust. Gravity variations are generated by the direct attraction of the ocean masses, by the deformation of the crust and by the redistribution potential of the masses. Such effects are still perceptible far inland. A Green's function formalism, using loading Love numbers, allows to predict the loading effects. We present here the first French experiment in coastal areas devoted to the study of this phenomenon. The campaign took place in Brest in March 1998. The absolute gravimeter of the French community recorded during four days the gravity changes. Once the standard contributions (body tides, atmospheric pressure effect, polar motion) are removed, the residual variations are mainly due to the ocean loading and they can be confronted to the models. The observed gravity variations exceed by 16 % the theoretical predictions, and we impute this fact to the raw spatial resolution of the global ocean tide models, with a strong consequence near the coasts. Improvements are needed in all the geodetic features of coastal type (tide gauge links, vertical displacement displacement, motion of reference geodetic stations), and also in the validation of the hydrodynamic models by using gravity as an integrating quantity.
Published: 2001
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36. The subfossil tree deposits from the Garonne Valley and their implications on Holocene alluvial plain dynamics

Author: Vanessa Py, Laurent Carozza, Laurent Sévègnes, Mélodie David, Didier Galop, Francis Duranthon, Laurent Bruxelles, Philippe Valette, Muriel Llubes, Mihaela Danu, Marc Jarry, Jean-Michel Carozza, Laurie Ferdinand, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Iasi, Université Ioan Cuza de Iasi (Université Ioan Cuza de Iasi), Université de Iasi-Université de Iasi, Service Régional de l'Archéologie (SRA), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, Garonne, 01 natural sciences, Deposition (geology), law.invention, Alluvial plain, law, Riparian forest, Black oak, Radiocarbon dating, Geomorphology, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, geography, Subfossil trunk, geography.geographical_feature_category, Subfossil, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Alluvium, Physical geography, France, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Subfossil tree trunks deposits are common in large rivers, but their status as a source for dating alluvial sequences and palaeoenvironmental studies is still discussed. Particularly their origin and the process(es) of deposition as well as a possible remobilization were pointed as a limit to their use to document river alluvial changes. In this work we report the discovery of the largest subfossil trunks deposits in the Garonne valley. These new data are compared to the previous ones. A set of 17 tree trunks and more than 300 smaller wood fragments were collected. The xylologic study shows the prevalence of Quercus and a single occurrence of Ulmus. These two hardwood species are commonly associated with riparian forest. The 14C dating carried out on seven trunks and a single branch of Quercus on the outermost identified growth rings, indicates age ranging from 8400-8000 cal. BP for the oldest fragment (bough) to 4300-4000 cal. BP for the most recent tree trunk. Radiocarbon ages of the trunks are aggregated into two main periods: 5300-5600 cal. BP (four trunks) and 4300-4000 cal. BP (three trunks). The radiocarbon (charcoal) dating of the top of the alluvial sequence overlaying the trunks gives an age between 1965-1820 and 1570-1810 cal. BP, i.e. between the 2nd and the 5th c. AD. In addition, the discovery of two unpublished subfossil tree trunks deposits in Finhan are reported (six trunks). At the light of these results, we discuss previously proposed models for the Garonne floodplain building.
Published: 2014

37. L'ARCHITECTURE MORPHO-SÉDIMENTAIRE DE LA BASSE PLAINE DE LA GARONNE MOYENNE EN AVAL DE TOULOUSE : PREMIERS RÉSULTATS

Author: Philippe Valette, Serge Edou Obame, Muriel Llubes, Jean-Michel Carozza, Laurent Sévègnes, Laurie Ferdinand, Laurent Carozza, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Régional de l'Archéologie (SRA), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: Holocene, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Garonne, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Geology, 02 engineering and technology, Tardiglaciaire, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Late Glacial, alluvial plain, plaine alluviale, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, limons de couverture, geoarchaeology, Holocène, géoarchéologie, cover silt, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: La moyenne Garonne, entre Toulouse et la confluence du Tarn, correspond à la zone d'élargissement de la basse plaine alluviale inondable, jusqu’à plus de 4 km. Peu de travaux ont été menés sur l'architecture sédimentaire et la chronologie de la mise en place de cette unité géomorphologique. Dans ce travail, nous montrons que l'édification de la plaine en aval de Toulouse s'est effectuée en deux temps. Tout d'abord, une phase d'apports sédimentaires réduits, correspondant aux « limons jaunes », dont la mise en place s'effectue durant la phase alluviale pléniglaciaire entre 16 000 ans cal. BP et au plus tard 8 900 ans cal. BP. Cet épisode est encore très mal documenté. Une phase d'incision majeur remanie et érode les limons jaunes entre 8 900 et 5 000-4 500 ans cal. BP. Cet épisode pourrait être contrôlé par le climat et la biostabilisation de la plaine en réponse à la reconquête par la chênaie mixte. Les accumulations de charbons alluviaux vers 4 400 ans cal. BP pourraient signer les premiers impacts anthropiques majeurs sur la plaine, en relation avec les sites de Fontréal et Cassagna. Ces impacts anthropiques pourraient avoir favorisé la reprise de l'alluvionnement notamment sur l'effluent Hers-Girou à la confluence avec la Garonne. Après 4 000 ans cal. BP, trois phases de mise en place des limons bruns de couverture sont identifiées vers 3 700-3 400 ans cal. BP, 2 500-2 000 BP et entre la fin du Moyen-Age et de la période Moderne. Between Toulouse and the Tarn confluence, the lower floodplain of the Middle Garonne widens and reaches more than 4 km wide. Both sedimentary architecture and chonology of its building are poorly documented by previous works. In this paper, we highlight that the floodplain, downstream of Toulouse, was mainly built in two episodes. First, an alluvial phase associated with reduced sediment supply, i.e. the « yellow silt », occurred and extended during the Pleniglacial alluvial phase (16.0 - 8.9 cal. ky BP). This episode remains poorly constrained. Downcutting and erosion partially removed the yellow silt during the 8.9 to 5.0-4.5 cal. ky BP interval. Climate and biostabilisation by riparian forest (mixed oak forest) might control this episode. Charcoal accumulation in alluvial levels could be interpreted as the first human impact on riparian forest around 4.4 cal. ky BP. The local sites of Fontréal and Cassagna localized on the Pleistocene terrace are contemporary of this episode. Later, aggradation resumed on the Hers-Girou effluent at the Garonne confluence. After 4,000 cal. yr BP, we identified three deposition phases of the brown cover silts around 3,700-3,400 cal. yr BP, 2,500-2,000 BP and during Late Middle Age and the Modern period.
Published: 2013

38. Du Bronze final III au 1er âge du Fer. Premiers résultats des fouilles du site du Menhir à EYNE

Author: Delphine Bousquet, Pierre Campmajo, Denis Crabol, Guy Rancoule, Ruas Marie-Pierre, Laurent Bouby, Carine Calastrenc, Muriel Llubes, Parent Gilles, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de Recherches Archéologiques et Historiques de Cerdagne, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie (CBAE), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Institut d’Estudis Ceretans
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Cerdagne, Datations 14C, Site d'habitat, Protohistoire, Stratigraphie, Chronologie céramique
Abstract: International audience; En Cerdagne, les habitats de plein air possédant une stratigraphie conservée sont rarissimes et, jusqu’à récemment, seul le site de Llo entrait dans l’inventaire. Le site du Menhir à Eyne, fouillé en 2010 et 2011, avec des séquences stratigraphiques datées par le 14C, offre une lecture de la transition âge du Bronze – âge du Fer tout à fait remarquable et entre à son tour dans le "club" très fermé des sites stratifiés. La chronologie de ce gisement nous montre un paysage tout en nuances d’une période à l’autre. La présence, dans les couches datées, du Bronze final III, de formes et décors de poterie nouveaux, trouveront leur apogée au 1er âge du Fer pour disparaître progressivement vers la fin de cette période.
Published: 2011

39. Un diagnostic en haute montagne, l’exemple de l’opération d’archéologie préventive menée sur le site de Thémis (Targasonne)

Author: Olivier Passarius, Christine Rendu, Carine Calastrenc, Ramon Julia, Muriel Llubes, Service archéologique Départemental des Pyrénées-Orientales, France, Amériques, Espagne – Sociétés, pouvoirs, acteurs (FRAMESPA), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2010

40. A 2d Electrical Resistivity Tomography Survey Of A Vineyard Plot Of The Gaillac Appellation (France): Interpretation With Respect To Possible Implications On Vine Water Supply

Author: Nicolas Hirissou, Marguerite Munoz, Pierre Courjault-Radé, José Darrozes, Muriel Llubes, Eric Maire, Cryosphère satelittaire (CRYO), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Domaine du Moulin, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: STRESS, Soil test, pedology, Water flow, Gaillac, Soil science, Horticulture, vineyard, 040501 horticulture, lcsh:Agriculture, Field capacity, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), Syrah, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, lcsh:Botany, QUALITY, INVERSION, Electrical resistivity tomography, GEOLOGY, PLANT, Subsurface flow, Subsoil, 2. Zero hunger, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, water supply, lcsh:S, appellation, WINE, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 6. Clean water, lcsh:QK1-989, BERRY GROWTH, SOIL, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Fer Servadou, TERROIR, 0405 other agricultural sciences, gravesac, Geology, Food Science
Abstract: ISI Document Delivery No.: 627FH Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 59 Cited References: AALTONEN J, 2001, EUR J ENV ENG GEOPHY, V6, P33 Acevedo-Opazo C, 2008, PRECIS AGRIC, V9, P285, DOI 10.1007/s11119-008-9073-1 ALVES F, 2006, 6 INT TERR C, P280 ANGLADE I, 1991, ETUDE BIOCLIMATIQUE ARCHER E, 1989, South African Journal for Enology and Viticulture, V10, P49 ATTIA F, 2007, THESIS INPT TOULOUSE Benderitter Y., 1999, EUR J ENV ENG GEOPHY, V4, P37 Besson A, 2004, SOIL TILL RES, V79, P239, DOI 10.1016/j.still.2004.07.012 BINLEY A, 2002, J HYDROL, V7, P51 BOCOCK KL, 1982, EUR J SOIL SCI, V33, P155 BOUTRAUD JC, 1984, SCI SOL, V4, P295 CAMPBELL RB, 1948, SOIL SCI SOC AM PRO, V13, P66 CAVAILLE A, 1973, CARTE GEOLOGIQUE DET CELETTE F, 2008, EUR J AGR, DOI DOI 10.1016/J.EJA Courjault-Rade P, 2005, J INT SCI VIGNE VIN, V39, P95 CREASY GL, 1993, AM J ENOL VITICULT, V44, P193 DAILY W, 1992, WATER RESOUR RES, V28, P1429, DOI 10.1029/91WR03087 EDWARDS LS, 1977, GEOPHYSICS, V66, P78 Goulet E, 2004, J INT SCI VIGNE VIN, V38, P231 Goulet E, 2006, J INT SCI VIGNE VIN, V40, P57 GRIFFITHS DH, 1993, J APPL GEOPHYS, V29, P211, DOI 10.1016/0926-9851(93)90005-J Haynes SJ, 1999, GEOSCI CAN, V26, P189 *INF, 2009, DONN ARCH DONN STAT Intrigliolo DS, 2009, AGR WATER MANAGE, V96, P282, DOI 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.08.001 Jackson RS, 2008, FOOD SCI TECHNOL-INT, P1 KEAREY P, 2002, INTRO GEOPHYS EAPLOR Keller G.V., 1966, ELECT METHODS GEOPHY Lamb D.W., 2002, ACTA HORTIC, V640, P15 LAVIGNAC G, 2001, CEPAGES SUD OUEST 20 LOKE MH, 2001, USGS WORKSH 2 D 3 D Loke MH, 1996, GEOPHYS PROSPECT, V44, P131, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2478.1996.tb00142.x Loke MN., 1997, RES2DINV SOFTWARE US Michot D, 2003, WATER RESOUR RES, V39, DOI 10.1029/2002WR001581 MORAIS R, 2007, COMPUT ELECTRON AGR, V62, P94 MORARI F, 2009, COMP ELECT AGR Morlat R., 1992, Journal International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, V26, P197 Morlat R, 2003, AM J ENOL VITICULT, V54, P1 Morlat R., 2001, TERROIRS VITICOLES E Bodin F, 2006, PLANT SOIL, V281, P37, DOI 10.1007/s11104-005-3768-0 Ojeda H, 2002, AM J ENOL VITICULT, V53, P261 PALACKY GJ, 1987, ELECTROMAGNETIC METH, V1, P53 Panissod C, 2001, GEOPHYS PROSPECT, V49, P570, DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2478.2001.00277.x Pellegrino A, 2004, PLANT SOIL, V266, P129 POMEROL C, 1990, TERROIRS VINS FRANCE Rein A, 2004, J HYDROL, V285, P215, DOI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.08.015 Samouelian A, 2005, SOIL TILL RES, V83, P173, DOI 10.1016/j.still.2004.10.004 SHAFFER R, 2004, 8882 EM OR STAT U SHULTZ HR, 2003, PLANT CELL ENVIRON, V26, P1393 Stoll M, 2007, J INT SCI VIGNE VIN, V41, P77 TABBAGH A, 2002, EUR J ENV ENG GEOPHY, V7, P229 Tardieu F, 1998, J EXP BOT, V49, P419, DOI 10.1093/jexbot/49.suppl_1.419 TIMLIN D, 2008, RESPONSES CROPS LTD, P105 TISSEYYE B, 2007, INT J WINE VINE RES, V41, P63 Van Leeuwen Cornelis, 2006, Journal of Wine Research, V17, P1, DOI 10.1080/09571260600633135 van Leeuwen C, 2004, AM J ENOL VITICULT, V55, P207 Van Leeuwen C, 2009, J INT SCI VIGNE VIN, V43, P121 Vouillamoz JF, 2006, HEREDITY, V97, P102, DOI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800842 Wheeler S.J., 2003, FOOD AGR ENV, V1, P190 Zhou QY, 2001, WATER RESOUR RES, V37, P273, DOI 10.1029/2000WR900284 Courjault-Rade, P. Llubes, M. Darrozes, J. Munoz, M. Maire, E. Hirissou, N. 1 VIGNE ET VIN PUBLICATIONS INT VILLENAVE D ORNON J INT SCI VIGNE VIN; Aims: The aim of this 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey performed on a vineyard plot of the Gaillac appellation was to investigate spatial and temporal variations in subsurface water supply in relation with pedo-geological and morphological features. Methods and results: The ERT surveys were carried out under two contrasted - dry and humid - climatic conditions. All the resistivity profiles showed the superposition of two layers: a lower layer characterized by very low resistivity values (< 40 Omega.m) corresponding to a marly molassic subsoil overlaid by an upper layer characterized by moderate to high resistivity values (300 Omega.m to 1500 Omega.m) corresponding to a silty-sandy and gravely-pebbly soil sequence. The resistivity values of the molassic subsoil stayed very low independently of water supply conditions whereas those of the soil sequence decreased by a factor 2 (300/750 Omega.m versus 750/1500 Omega.m) when the plot was close to field capacity. Conclusion: The ERT results coupled with pedological and morphological data strongly suggest that the water flow is preferentially restricted at the molassic subsoil/soil sequence interface, short-lived and of low amplitude. Significance and impact of the study: Consequently, the water supply regime, which points out a potential risk of drought stress for vine crops, implies a minimization strategy when choosing vegetal material and viticultural management operations
Published: 2010
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41. Oceanic loading monitored by ground-based tiltmeters at Cherbourg (France)

Author: Laurent Longuevergne, Nicolas Florsch, Guy Wöppelmann, Jean-Paul Boy, Muriel Llubes, Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre littoral de géophysique (CLDG), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement-La Rochelle Université (ULR), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau of Economic Geology [Austin] (BEG), Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Tiltmeter, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Unstructured grid, Signal-to-noise ratio, Oceanic loading, Range (statistics), Inclinometry, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Tilt, Shore, FES2004, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Deformation (mechanics), business.industry, Gravimeter, Geodesy, Geophysics, Global Positioning System, business, Seismology, Geology, Non-linear tides
Abstract: International audience; We installed two orthogonal Blum-Esnoult silica tiltmeters in an underground military facility close to the shore in Cherbourg (France). They have recorded the oceanic loading effects from March 2004 to July 2005. The signal to noise ratio is such that, within a period range from a few minutes to a few days, the main non-linear oceanic tides up to the M10 group can be observed. The modelling of the tidal tilt deformation has been carried out using oceanic models of the FES2004 family, with a stepwise refinement of the grid size based on the unstructured grid T-UGAm model leading to the NEA-2004 tidal solution. This improvement permits to reduce the discrepancy between the model and the data with respect to the use of FES2004 alone, and show that, although the misfit remains significant, one progresses toward an independent mean to validate the oceanic models and finally the whole modelling process. We also show that tiltmeters open new opportunities to explore loading of non-linear tides on a larger spectrum than gravimeters and GPS do.
Published: 2009
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42. Ground deformation and gravity variations modelled from present-day ice thinning in the vicinity of glaciers

Author: Etienne Berthier, Jacques Hinderer, Jean-Paul Boy, Muriel Llubes, Anthony Mémin, and Yves Rogister
Subjects: ground tilt, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Tiltmeter, elastic deformations, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, present-day ice thinning, law.invention, Physics::Geophysics, law, Deglaciation, Vertical displacement, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Thinning, Glacier, Geodesy, gravity variations, Geophysics, Tilt (optics), 13. Climate action, Love number, Hydrostatic equilibrium, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The solid Earth deforms because of post-glacial rebound due to the viscous relaxation following the last deglaciation but also because of present-day elastic deformation induced by ice thinning. In this paper, we compute elastic loading Green's function associated to the tilt of the ground in the vicinity of glaciers using a Love number formalism for a stratified non-rotating spherical Earth model. We compare this global approach with the plane approximation in terms of height, gravity and tilt changes as a function of the distance from the measurement point to the load. We find that Green's functions for the vertical displacement (resp. horizontal displacement, elastic part of the tilt) agree to within 1% up to ∼400 m (resp. 2km, 5km) from the glaciers.Two specific cases of ice thinning are considered:1/ the alpine glaciers of the Mont Blanc region (France) where ice-thickness variations are derived from differential digital elevation model analysis for the period 1979-2003; 2/ the Svalbard (Norway) glaciers by considering the ice model SVAL. We show that the rates of ground tilt are well above the limit of detection of up-todate long base hydrostatic tiltmeters, which, if installed next to the glaciers, could be used to monitor the time evolution of ice thinning. We also show that the topography has a strong influence on the gravity variations near the glaciers.
Published: 2009
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43. Modelling atmospheric and induced non-tidal oceanic loading contributions to surface gravity and tilt measurements

Author: Nicolas Florsch, Muriel Llubes, Laurent Longuevergne, Frédéric Boudin, Florent Lyard, Jean-Paul Boy, Marie-France Esnoult, Thomas Jacob, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau of Economic Geology [Austin] (BEG), Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gravity (chemistry), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Superconducting gravimeters, Tiltmeter, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Surface pressure, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric loading, law.invention, Physics::Geophysics, law, Non-tidal oceanic loading, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Atmospheric pressure, Gravimeter, Hydrostatic tiltmeters, Sea-surface height, Geodesy, Storm surges, Barometer, Ocean surface topography, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Geology
Abstract: International audience; We investigate the contribution of atmospheric and its induced non-tidal oceanic loading effects on surface time-varying gravity and tilt measurements for several stations in Western Europe. The ocean response to pressure forcing can be modelled accordingly to the inverted barometer, i.e. assuming that air pressure variations are fully compensated by static sea height changes, or using ocean general circulation models.Wevalidate two runs of theHUGO-mbarotropic ocean model by comparing predicted sea surface height variations with hundred tide-gauge measurements along the European coasts. We then show that global surface pressure field, as well as a barotropic high-resolution ocean model forced by air pressure and winds allow in most cases a significant reduction of the variance of gravity residuals and, to a smaller extends tilt residuals. Wefinally show that precise gravity measurements with superconducting gravimeters allow the observation of large storm surges, occurring in the North Sea, even for inland stations. However, we also confirm that the continental hydrology contribution cannot be neglected. Thanks to their specific sensitivity feature, only tiltmeters closest to the coast can clearly detect the loading due to these storm surges.
Published: 2009
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44. Multi-technique monitoring of ocean tide loading in northern France

Author: Martine Amalvict, Stéphane Durand, Nicolas Florsch, Jacques Hinderer, Mathilde Vergnolle, Jean-Paul Boy, Pascal Bonnefond, Muriel Llubes, Marie-Noëlle Bouin, Frédéric Masson, Laurent Morel, Pierre Exertier, Marie-France Esnoult, Marie-Françoise Lalancette, Guy Wöppelmann, Joëlle Nicolas, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Gemini (LG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAboratoire de Recherche en Géodésie (LAREG), Ecoles nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut géographique national [IGN] (IGN)-Institut géographique national [IGN] (IGN), Laboratoire Géomatique et foncier (GeF), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Département de sismologie (DS (UMR_7580)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Principal du Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine à Brest (EPSHOM) – Brest, section Géodésie–Géophysique, EPSHOM, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, de l'Environnement et de l'Espace de Montpellier (ISTEEM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Centre littoral de géophysique (CLDG), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement-La Rochelle Université (ULR), and École supérieure des géomètres et topographes (ESGT-CNAM)
Subjects: Satellite Laser Ranging, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Gravimeter, business.industry, Tiltmeter, GPS, Satellite laser ranging, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geodesy, 01 natural sciences, Amplitude, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Global Positioning System, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Ocean tide, Gravimetry, Laser ranging, business, Ocean tide loading, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; We have organised afield study of ocean tide loading in the northwestern part of France, where tidal amplitudes are known to be among the highest in the world. GPS and gravimetric techniques have already proved their capability to measure such weak and high-frequency signals. In this study, these classical observations are complemented with less usual techniques, such as tiltmeter and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) measurements. We present here the preliminary results for a common period of observations spanning from 12-19 May 2004. Additional measurements from the French Transportable Laser Ranging Station (FTLRS) were available during September and October 2004. Observation residuals are computed as the difference between the observed and the predicted time signals. We obtain small RMS residuals for GPS measurements (2.5/3.1/4.5 mm for the eastward, northward and upward components), for absolute and relative gravimetry (9 nm/s2 and 13 nm/s2) and for tiltmeters (0.05 μrad for EW component). We also fit the amplitude of the main M2 tidal constituent to FTLRS observations and we find a value of 3.731 cm, which is comparable to the theoretical value.
Published: 2008
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45. Ocean tide loading (OTL) displacements from global and local grids: comparisons to GPS estimates over the shelf of Brittany, France

Author: S. Melachroinos, Frédéric Masson, Felix Perosanz, Muriel Llubes, Laurent Morel, Jean-Marie Nicolas, Marie-Noëlle Bouin, Florent Lyard, Stéphane Durand, Richard Biancale, Mathilde Vergnolle, Groupe de Recherche en Géodésie Spatiale, Laboratoire de Dynamique Terrestre et Planétaire, (GRGS, LDTP) (GRGS, LDTP), CRGS-LDTP, Groupement de Recherche en Géodésie Spatiale (GRGS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), LAboratoire de Recherche en Géodésie (LAREG), Ecoles nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut géographique national [IGN] (IGN)-Institut géographique national [IGN] (IGN), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire de géodésie et de géomatique (L2G), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Echanges Côte-Large (ECOLA), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: Ocean tide loading (OTL) displacements-validations, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Least-squares spectral analysis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], North east, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Gps satellites, 01 natural sciences, High-rate GPS positioning, Geochemistry and Petrology, Multipath, Vertical direction, 14. Life underwater, Computers in Earth Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, business.industry, Geodesy, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Global Positioning System, Ocean tide, business, Bay, Geology
Abstract: 0949-7714; In this paper we examine OTL displacements detected by GPS stations of a dedicated campaign and validate ocean tide models. Our area of study is the continental shelf of Brittany and Cotentin in France. Brittany is one of the few places in the world where tides provoke loading displacements of similar to 10-12cm vertically and a few cm horizontally. Ocean tide models suffer from important discrepancies in this region. Seven global and regional ocean tide models were tested: FES2004 corrected for K2, TPXO.7.0, TPXO.6.2, GOT00.2, CSR4.0, NAO.99b and the most recent regional grids of the North East Atlantic (NEA2004). These gridded amplitudes and phases of ocean tides were convolved in order to get the predicted OTL displacements using two different algorithms. Data over a period of 3.5 months of 8 GPS campaign stations located on the north coast of Brittany are used, in order to evaluate the geographical distribution of the OTL effect. We have modified and implemented new algorithms in our GPS software, GINS 7.1. GPS OTL constituents are estimated based on 1-day batch solutions. We compare the observed GPS OTL constituents of M-2, S-2, N-2 and K-1 waves with the selected ocean tide models on global and regional grids. Large phase-lag and amplitude discrepancies over 20 degrees and 1.5 cm in the vertical direction in the semi-diurnal band of M-2 between predictions and GPS/models are detected in the Bay of Mont St-Michel. From a least squares spectral analysis of the GPS time-series, significant harmonic peaks in the integer multiples of the orbital periods of the GPS satellites are observed, indicating the existence of multipath effects in the GPS OTL constituents. The GPS OTL observations agree best with FES2004, NEA2004, GOT00.2 and CSR4.0 tide models.
Published: 2008
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46. Relations between basal condition, subglacial hydrological networks and geothermal flux in Antarctica

Author: Muriel Llubes, Cédric Lanseau, Frédérique Rémy, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Deformation (mechanics), Ice stream, Flux, Antarctic ice sheet, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Volumetric flow rate, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Cryosphere, Ice sheet, Geothermal gradient, Geomorphology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: When modelling the Antarctic ice sheet, the velocity of the ice flow is linked to its temperature. Depending on the thermal rate, the flow rate may vary between deformation and sliding. In this study, we focus on the geothermal flux because it is the least well-known component of the heat equation, and because it constrains the temperature at the bottom of the ice sheet. We used available geological data to build a map of the geothermal flux, which was found to increase from 51 mW/m 2 in East Antarctica to 68 mW/m 2 in West Antarctica. These values were integrated in the computation of a basal temperature map. The available map of hydrological networks clearly shows more melted areas in West Antarctica than in the earlier results. So we suggest that the model should be forced with higher geothermal flux values, over 85 mW/m 2 in this sector. This increase is in good agreement with published results which found a geothermal flux three times higher in West Antarctica. Finally, we computed the bottom melt rate over the ice sheet area which has a mean value of 3.5 mm/yr resulting in a lost of melted ice equal to 1% of the total mass balance.
Published: 2006

47. L'inclinométrie, un nouvel outil pour le suivi temporel des aquifères ?

Author: Thibault Rerolle, Nicolas Florsch, Muriel Llubes, Laurent Longuevergne, Frédéric Boudin, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Resume Nous explorons ici la sensibilite de l'inclinometrie aux phenomenes hydrogeologiques pour son utilisation dans le cadre de la caracterisation d'aquiferes, ainsi que pour expliquer le signal observe sur ces instruments, et avec l'enjeu de separer cette contribution des autres phenomenes intervenant dans ce type de mesures. Nous appliquons tout d'abord la theorie explicitee par Farell (1972) et Pagiatakis (1990) a des situations hydrogeologiques elementaires. En simulant le signal inclinometrique obtenu dans la vallee de la Seine, nous observons que l'ordre de grandeur obtenu est significatif : le signal de surcharge d'origine hydrologique constitue donc une part notable de tout signal inclinometrique. Ce signal est, de plus, interpretable en termes hydrogeologiques : il depend directement du gradient de surcharge via un formalisme convolutif. Il est donc envisageable d'utiliser l'inclinometre en hydrogeologie pour caracteriser, dans une certaine mesure, les transferts de masses d'eau dans le sous-sol. Pour citer cet article : T. Rerolle et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).
Published: 2006
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48. The level of the Grimsvotn subglacial lake, Vatnajokull, Iceland, monitored with SPOT5 images

Author: Kurt L. Feigl, Finnur Pálsson, Etienne Berthier, Frédérique Rémy, Muriel Llubes, Helgi Björnsson, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Dynamique terrestre et planétaire (DTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Elevation, Subsidence, Glacier, Volcanology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ice shelf, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Subglacial lake, Vertical displacement, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Geomorphology, Geothermal gradient, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We describe the vertical displacement field of an ice shelf floating on a subglacial lake, Grimsvotn, located underneath the Vatnajokull ice cap (Iceland). The uplift is measured using the correlation of two satellite optical SPOT5 images acquired 5 days apart with similar, non-vertical incidence angles. This is the first time correlation of optical images has been used to measure vertical displacements. Our technique is suitable for mapping short-term elevation changes of glaciers. If the surface features are preserved, vertical displacements can be measured every 25 m with an accuracy of about 0.5 m. The uplift map of Grimsvotn shows that 10.9 (± 1) km 2 of ice was floating between 11 and 16 August 2004. The ice shelf rose by 1.7 (± 0.6) m indicating that the volume of liquid water in the lake increased by 0.018 (± 0.007) km 3 . Our field observations show that surface melting due to meteorological processes contributed 70% of the accumulated water, hence, the rest originated from ice melted by the subglacial geothermal activity. The power required to melt 0.005 km 3 (water equivalent) of basal ice in 5 days is 4000 MW. The applicability of the technique can be extended to volcanology and seismology, and even landslides or subsidence, when finer-resolution optical images become available. Applied to two pairs of images, it could solve for the 3-dimensional displacements of the Earth's surface.
Published: 2006
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49. Validation of long-period oceanic tidal models with superconducting gravimeters

Author: Nicolas Florsch, Muriel Llubes, Jacques Hinderer, Jean-Paul Boy, Richard D. Ray, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Superconductivity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Gravimeter, Tidal Waves, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geodesy, 01 natural sciences, Satellite altimeter, Physics::Geophysics, Geophysics, Tidal Model, Climatology, Long period, Ocean tide, 14. Life underwater, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Geology, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Long gravity records from 18 superconducting gravimeters (SG) are used to estimate ocean tide loading for the monthly (Mm) and fortnightly (Mf) tidal waves. The estimates are compared with predicted ocean loading computed from various global tidal models. Despite their long-term sensitivity, the SG non-tidal noise continuum in the near-monthly band is large and renders the Mm estimates too imprecise for validating the different models. For most SG we are able to demonstrate that recent Mf tidal hydrodynamical models that assimilate satellite altimeter data are in significantly better agreement with SG tidal records than an equilibrium tidal model or the old Schwiderski [Schwiderski, E.W., 1980. On charting global ocean tides. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 18 (1), 243-2681 model. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2006

50. The potential of ground gravity measurements to validate GRACE data

Author: Nicolas Florsch, Jacques Hinderer, David Crossley, Muriel Llubes, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Saint Louis], Saint Louis University (SLU), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gravity (chemistry), Ground truth, lcsh:Dynamic and structural geology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Gravimeter, lcsh:QE1-996.5, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, General Medicine, Geodynamics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geodesy, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QE500-639.5, Gravitational field, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Polar motion, Calibration, lcsh:Q, Satellite, lcsh:Science, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; New satellite missions are returning high precision, time-varying, satellite measurements of the Earth's gravity field. The GRACE mission is now in its calibration/- validation phase and first results of the gravity field solutions are imminent. We consider here the possibility of external validation using data from the superconducting gravimeters in the European sub-array of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) as ‘ground truth' for comparison with GRACE. This is a pilot study in which we use 14 months of 1-hour data from the beginning of GGP (1 July 1997) to 30 August 1998, when the Potsdam instrument was relocated to South Africa. There are 7 stations clustered in west central Europe, and one station, Metsahovi in Finland. We remove local tides, polar motion, local and global air pressure, and instrument drift and then decimate to 6-hour samples. We see large variations in the time series of 5–10µgal between even some neighboring stations, but there are also common features that correlate well over the 427-day period. The 8 stations are used to interpolate a minimum curvature (gridded) surface that extends over the geographical region. This surface shows time and spatial coherency at the level of 2– 4µgal over the first half of the data and 1–2µgal over the latter half. The mean value of the surface clearly shows a rise in European gravity of about 3µgal over the first 150 days and a fairly constant value for the rest of the data. The accuracy of this mean is estimated at 1µgal, which compares favorably with GRACE predictions for wavelengths of 500 km or less. Preliminary studies of hydrology loading over Western Europe shows the difficulty of correlating the local hydrology, which can be highly variable, with large-scale gravity variations.Key words. GRACE, satellite gravity, superconducting gravimeter, GGP, ground truth
Published: 2003
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