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Effective use of materials is one of the potential components of a green manufacturing strategy. There are many of these strategies proposed in the literature and used in practice, with intellectual debate over what they are, what are the differences between them and how they can be used by practitioners in design and manufacturing to improve the sustainability of their products and processes. This paper reviews the literature on green manufacturing strategies that provide improved material performance. Four main strategies for green manufacturing were found; They are: waste minimization; Material efficiency, resource efficiency; and environmental efficiency. The literature was analyzed to determine the key characteristics of these sustainable manufacturing strategies and 17 characteristics were found. Then the four strategies were evaluated through the motives and obstacles to applying the practices of these strategies through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose. It was distributed to the experts and specialists in charge of the Union Company in the province of Babylon to determine the level and reality of the application of these strategies, and the research reached a set of results, the most important of which.

Background: Different technologies have been used in order to improve the endometrial condition as well as the quality of embryos; however, still the implantation process could fail. Endometrial Scratching (ES) has been proposed by many studies and revealed conflicting results. Objective: The study Aims to investigate the effect of ES on improving the Clinical Pregnancy Rate (CPR) and Live Birth Rate (LBR). Methodology: This is a retrospective study was carried out at Libyan National Fertility Centre. 188 Infertile women were included in the study in two different groups. 95 patients who underwent ES and 93 as control group. Cases with male factor infertility, history of surgical sterilization, premature ovarian failure, endometriosis and other hormonal disturbance (thyroid /prolactin) had been excluded from the study. Results: The CPR was positively affected by scratching procedure among infertile women after perform ES (p value 0.022). The secondary infertile patients have got significant benefit after performing ES by improving the CPR (P value 0.045). The ES has improved the CPR on patients with previous history of failed Intra-Cytoplasmic Semen Injection ICSI (P value 0.043). However, there was no statistically significant difference to the effect of ES on LBR. Conclusion: The study found that the ES has a positive role to improve the implantation among specific group of infertile couples. It is recommended to perform ES for couples with secondary infertility and previously failed ICSI cycle.

High pressure (HP) was first introduced into the field of material chemistry at the end of the 19th century. The first high pressure application in the food industry was applied by Hite in 1899 to pasteurize milk and fruit products. New technologies are being developed in terms of food processing and preservation in line with the interest of consumers in processed foods in such a way that there is no loss in nutritional value of the food they consume. One of these is the application of high pressure to foods. High pressure processing is a technique aimed at exposing food to a high-pressure level between 100 and 600 MPa at a given temperature for a few minutes. In addition to providing microbiological inactivation, High Pressure (HP) applications do not cause a significant change in the vitamin, mineral, taste, colour, and appearance of foods. Therefore, it constitutes an important alternative for heat treatment applications. HP applications can be successfully applied to liquid foods as well as foods, such as meat and meat products. High pressure is a convenient way of neutralizing microorganisms in ready meals, where its shelf life is largely dependent on good hygiene / production practices, especially during slicing and packaging processes. In this review, the role of high pressure in increasing the safety and extending shelf life of meat and meat products is discussed., Yüksek basınç (YB) ilk olarak 19. yüzyılın sonunda malzeme kimyası alanında tanıtılmıştır. Gıda endüstrisinde ilk yüksek basınç uygulaması ise Hite tarafından 1899'da süt ve meyve ürünlerini pastörize etmek için uygulanmıştır. Tüketicilerin, tükettikleri gıdaların besin değerinde kayıplar olmayacak şekilde işlenmiş gıdalara olan ilgisine paralel olarak gıda işleme ve muhafaza açısından yeni teknolojiler geliştirilmektedir. Bunlardan biri de yüksek basıncın gıdalara uygulanmasıdır. Yüksek basınçlı işleme, gıdaları birkaç dakika belirli bir sıcaklıkta 100 ila 600 MPa arasında yüksek bir basınç seviyesine maruz bırakmayı amaçlayan bir tekniktir. Yüksek Basınç (YB) uygulamaları, özellikle mikrobiyolojik inaktivasyon sağlamanın yanında gıdaların vitamin, mineral, tat, renk ve görünüşünde önemli bir değişikliğe neden olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle, ısıl işlem uygulamaları için önemli bir alternatif oluşturmaktadır. YB uygulamaları sıvı gıdalara başarıyla uygulanabildiği gibi et ve et ürünleri gibi gıdalara da uygulanabilmektedir. Yüksek basınç, raf ömrünün büyük ölçüde, özellikle dilimleme ve paketleme işlemleri sırasında iyi hijyen/üretim uygulamalarına bağlı olduğu hazır yemeklerde mikroorganizmaları etkisiz hale getirmenin uygun bir yoludur. Bu derlemede, et ve et ürünlerinin güvenliğini arttırmada ve raf ömrünü uzatmada yüksek basıncın rolüne değinilmiştir.

Linear and star-like redox-sensitive amphiphilic block copolymers have been studied as anticancer drug delivery systems. However, few reports directly compared the properties of those two structures especially when they are used as nanocarriers for antitumor drugs. To address this, a novel star-like copolymer and its linear counterpart were synthesized with a hydrophobic/redox-responsive/hydrophilic structure. The overall molecular weight of the star-shaped copolymer was nearly equal to that of the linear counterpart. The star-like micelles exhibit size of 90

Bu araştırmada, öğütülmüş kişniş ve karabuğday tohumu unları sığır eti köftelerine ilave edilerek 4 °C'de 7 günlük depolama süreleri boyunca köfte örnekleri üzerindeki fiziksel, kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik etkisinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda sığır eti köftesine farklı oranlarda (%0.5, %1 ve %2) öğütülmüş kişniş ve karabuğday unları ilave edilerek, kontrol grubu ile %0.01 Bütillenmiş Hidroksi Toluen (BHT) içeren sığır eti köfteleriyle birlikte 8 grup oluşturulmuştur. Hazırlanan köfte örnekleri buzdolabında 7 gün boyunca +4 °C'de depolanmıştır. Örneklerin 1., 4. ve 7. depolama günlerinde pH, TBA, renk ve mikrobiyoloji analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca pişirme özellikleri ve pişirilmiş örneklerin tekstür profil analizleri yapılmıştır. Köfte örneklerine farklı oranlarda (%0.5, %1 ve %2) öğütülmüş kişniş ve karabuğday tohumu unları ilave edildiğinde, örneklerde pH, TBA ve renk özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerinin istatistiki çok açıdan önemli olduğu; ayrıca pişirilmiş köfte örneklerinde tekstürel özellikler üzerindeki etkilerinin de çok önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir (p, In this research, it was carried out to determine the physical, chemical and microbiological effect of coriander and buckwheat seeds on beef patty samples by adding the flours of coriander and buckwheat to patties for 7 days of storage at 4 °C. In our study, by adding coriander and buckwheat in different proportions (0.5%, 1% and 2%) to the beef patties, 8 groups were formed with the control group and beef patties containing 0.01% Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT). The prepared patty samples were stored in refrigerator at +4 °C for 7 days. The samples were analyzed for pH, TBA, color and microbiology on the 1st, 4th and 7th storage days. In addition, the cooking properties and texture profile analysis of the cooked samples were made. It was determined that the effects of adding coriander and buckwheat seeds in different ratios (0.5%, 1% and 2%) to the patty samples on the pH, TBA and color properties of the samples were statistically significant, and the effects on the textural properties of the cooked patty samples were very important (p

To characterize the olive oil production costs and determine the optimal size of olive oil farm, a total of 130 farmers were interviewed in the region. The obtained data was subjected to regression analysis to formulate a mathematical model suitable for predicting the optimal farm size. Olive oil variable and fixed production costs for the five groups of farm sizes at Lattakia regions were calculated. Descriptive economic analysis indicated that the lowest average cost for producing 1 kg of olive oil was 676.9 SP and the highest one was 917.7SP. Also, the results indicated that the economically efficient farm size was 32.9 Dunum which represents only 29.1% of the current farm sizes in the region, therefore, decision makers should draw the land uses policies in their future plans, so that, to integrate land areas in such a way to approach the border of 32.9 Dunum.

Trans, the state of identifying with a gender other than one assigned at birth, dates back into pre-history. Indeed, many cultures have had, and still have, specifically accepted, and many times ho...

Article Data were collected by a field survey of 300 farmers from Al–Ghab region (Syria) during 2014–2015. The non–parametric Data Envelopment was used in analyzing the Technical efficiency. The relationship between farm size and production efficiency was considered. Technical efficiency amounted about 53% and most of farms are operating at low level of technical efficiency. The relationship between farm size and productivity efficiency is Non– linear, it decreases from small to medium farm size and then increases as the size increase. Large farms have the higher net farm income per thousand square metersand are the most efficient technically followed by small and medium farm size. To disclose that factors causing the technical efficiency, Two–limit Tobit Regression Model was used. The calculated results showed that, Household Size, Occupation, Farm Size, Experience in Farming, Seed Type and Membership are factors that cause the technical inefficiency potato farming at Al–Ghab region. Therefore, the Syrian Planning Board and Decision Makers should take this results into account when they draw their plans to improve farmer's skills by allocating more investment in farm research and extension programmers.

AIMS AND METHODWe conducted a questionnaire survey of all 120 health authorities and boards responsible for the commissioning of services for the assessment and treatment of transsexual people in England, Scotland and Wales, in order to identify the nature of the input offered and assess conformity to current international standards of care.RESULTSEighty-two per cent of the commissioning authorities responded and confirmed that most health authorities/boards provide a full service for the treatment of transsexuals, although this would be delivered at a local level in only 20% of cases. However, 11 commissioning authorities gave confused and inaccurate responses and three other health authorities appear to hold views on the commissioning of these specialist services that are not in keeping with the current legal situation and a recent High Court ruling, which establishes the right of transsexual people to NHS assessment and treatment.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSThere are discrepancies in prioritisation and provision of clinical services for this group that are not standard across Great Britain.

In 2004 a 50-year-old man was referred to the psychiatric service with adjustment problems and mild anxiety. He also complained of forgetfulness, but no objective memory deficit could be identified on this occasion. In 2006 the patient was re-referred with distressing auditory hallucinations, experienced inside his head in second and third person, and frightening persecutory ideas. He also complained of deteriorating memory functions. There was evidence of excessive use of alcohol, probably going back for several years. According to his medical records, the patient sustained a head injury 6 years previously, leading to a right fronto-temporal subdural haematoma and right temporal lobe contusion. A dementing illness was suspected, and, in 2009, the patient was referred to clinical neurology and neuropsychiatry, for further investigation. On clinical interview the patient reiterated his auditory hallucinations and reported delusions of persecution and reference consistent with a paranoid psychosis. MRI brain scan showed scarring in the right temporal lobe, and EEG sharp waves over the temporal lobes. SPECT imaging showed reduced perfusion in the medial temporal region on the right. Neuropsychological assessment revealed significant cognitive impairment, particularly for verbal and visual memory. There was additional patchy evidence of executive dysfunction, and evidence of a decline in general intellectual functioning. Review of the literature indicates an association between lesions to the right temporal lobe and the development of auditory hallucinosis. Our patient might have been particularly vulnerable to this complication of brain injury due to his abuse of alcohol, which can also lead to the development of auditory hallucinosis. The cognitive impairment with an emphasis on episodic memory is likely to be the consequence of alcohol induced brain damage, which again may have been aggravated by the traumatic injury to the right temporal lobe.