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Your search keyword '"Murphy, Anthony J"' showing total 9 results
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9 results on '"Murphy, Anthony J"'

4. Downregulation of hedgehog-interacting protein (HHIP) contributes to hexavalent chromium-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells.

Author

Li, Peichao, Zhang, Xiaoru, Murphy, Anthony J, Costa, Max, Zhao, Xiaogang, and Sun, Hong

Subjects
EPITHELIAL cells, CELL populations, HEXAVALENT chromium, DOWNREGULATION, PROMOTERS (Genetics)
Abstract

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a potent human lung carcinogen. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed that contribute to Cr(VI)-induced lung carcinogenesis including oxidative stress, DNA damage, genomic instability and epigenetic modulation. However, the molecular mechanisms and pathways mediating Cr(VI) carcinogenicity have not been fully elucidated. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is a key pathway that plays important roles in the formation of multiple tissues during embryogenesis and in the maintenance of stem cell populations in adults. Dysregulation of Hh signaling pathway has been reported in many human cancers. Here, we report a drastic reduction in both mRNA and protein levels of hedgehog‐interacting protein (HHIP), a downstream target and a negative regulator of Hh signaling, in Cr(VI)-transformed cells. These findings point to a potential role of Hh signaling in Cr(VI)-induced malignant transformation and lung carcinogenesis. Cr(VI)-transformed cells exhibited DNA hypermethylation and silencing histone marks in the promoter region of HHIP , indicating that an epigenetic mechanism mediates Cr(VI)-induced silencing of HHIP. In addition, the major targets of Hh signaling (GLI1-3 and PTCH1) were significantly increased in Cr(VI)-transformed cells, suggesting an aberrant activation of Hh signaling in these cells. Moreover, ectopically expressing HHIP not only suppressed Hh signaling but also inhibited cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in Cr(VI)-transformed cells. In conclusion, these findings establish a novel regulatory mechanism underlying Cr(VI)-induced lung carcinogenesis and provide new insights for developing a better diagnostic and prognostic strategy for Cr(VI)-related human lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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5. Teaching about Urban Issues.

Author

Murphy, Anthony J.

Abstract

In the study described in this paper, the attitudes of evening college students toward urban issues were assessed. Students' responses concerning assertiveness in reconciling such issues as housing, transportation, environment, poverty and the urban/suburban relationship in the New York metropolitan area were measured in a pre and post test attitude scale. A program was devised for increasing the knowledge and awareness of adult students about urban concerns. The students were organized into two groups in which they attempted to research and make recommendations about improving the ways the nation's urban areas are developing, and about ways to enhance the urban process. Correspondence on these issues was conducted with urban politicians. Students, it was found, reached a more realistic understanding of urban problems than they had originally possessed. This program is cited as an example of the way urban problems may be corrected through education. (Author/GC)

Published
1977

6. Modal analysis of the quasi-optical performance of phase gratings

Author

Murphy, Anthony J., O'Sullivan, Créidhe, Trappe, Neil, Lanigan, William, Colgan, R., and Withington, Stafford

Subjects
Experimental Physics, Physics::Optics
Abstract

This paper is concerned with the analysis of phase gratings as passive quasi-optical multiplexing devices. One important application of such components is in the local oscillator injection chain of heterodyne array receivers. Gaussian beam mode analysis can be applied as a powerful tool when modelling the optical performance of phase gratings in a real submillimeter system of finite throughput and bandwidth. In our experimental investigations we have concentrated on the Dammann Grating (DG) which is a binary optical component and thus straightforward to manufacture. A number of quartz gratings were fabricated and carefully tested to evaluate the practical limitations of such quasi-optical components. Because of its convenient refractive index quartz can be used to produce gratings with very low reflection losses. The results presented confirm DGs to be particularly suitable multiplexers for sparse arrays of finite bandwidth.

Published
1999

7. Embryo transfer technique as a cause of ectopic pregnancies in in vitro fertilization**Supported by the University of Western Australia grant 4LIRBZQ1083/84.

Author

Yovich, John L., Turner, Simon R., and Murphy, Anthony J.

Abstract

Against an overall risk of around 2% ectopic pregnancies in in vitro fertilization programs around the world, we report an incidence more than three times greater (5 tubal ectopic pregnancies in 80 clinical in vitro fertilization pregnancies). Of two techniques used for embryo transfers, one produced a significantly higher risk for ectopic pregnancy (P<0.05). Four of the ectopic pregnancies occurred in a small group of 24 patients in whom the embryo transfer technique attempted to deliver the embryos at the uterine fundus (mean distance of catheter insertion 62.9±7.9mm from the external cervical os). Only one ectopic pregnancy occurred in 56 patients whose embryos were transferred to a standard, generally midcavity position. It is concluded that the delivery catheter need be inserted only 55mm as a routine and less in patients with a shortened cervix or with the hypoplastic uterus usually encountered in women with primary ovarian failure who have ovum or embryo donation. In such cases an ultrasonic measurement of length may indicate that a shorter transfer distance is required.

Published
1985
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