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2. Diversity of Artists in Major U.S. Museums

Author

Topaz, Chad M., Klingenberg, Bernhard, Turek, Daniel, Heggeseth, Brianna, Harris, Pamela E., Blackwood, Julie C., Chavoya, C. Ondine, Nelson, Steven, and Murphy, Kevin M.

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

The U.S. art museum sector is grappling with diversity. While previous work has investigated the demographic diversity of museum staffs and visitors, the diversity of artists in their collections has remained unreported. We conduct the first large-scale study of artist diversity in museums. By scraping the public online catalogs of 18 major U.S. museums, deploying a sample of 10,000 artist records comprising over 9,000 unique artists to crowdsourcing, and analyzing 45,000 responses, we infer artist genders, ethnicities, geographic origins, and birth decades. Our results are threefold. First, we provide estimates of gender and ethnic diversity at each museum, and overall, we find that 85% of artists are white and 87% are men. Second, we identify museums that are outliers, having significantly higher or lower representation of certain demographic groups than the rest of the pool. Third, we find that the relationship between museum collection mission and artist diversity is weak, suggesting that a museum wishing to increase diversity might do so without changing its emphases on specific time periods and regions. Our methodology can be used to broadly and efficiently assess diversity in other fields., Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, minor revisions of and enhancements to text

Published
2018
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28. The Economic Approach

Author

Becker, Gary S., primary, Elias, Julio J., additional, Mulligan, Casey B., additional, Murphy, Kevin M., additional, and Glaeser, Edward L., additional

Published
2023
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45. The Equilibrium Distribution of Income and the Market for Status.

Author

Becker, Gary S., Murphy, Kevin M., and Werning, Ivan

Abstract

This paper explores the implications for risk-taking behavior and the equilibrium distribution of income of assuming that the desire for status positions is a powerful motive and that it raises the marginal utility of consumption. In contrast to previous analyses, we consider the case in which status positions are sold in a hedonic market. We show that such a complete hedonic market in status positions can be perfectly replicated by a simpler arrangement with a "status good" and a social norm that assigns higher status to those that consume more of this good. The main result is that for a wide range of initial conditions the equilibrium distribution over income, status, and consumption is the same, that this allocation requires inequality of income and consumption, and that this allocation coincides with the optimum of a utilitarian planner.

Published
2005

47. Entry, Pricing, and Product Design in an Initially Monopolized Market

Author

Davis, Steven J., Murphy, Kevin M., and Topel, Robert H.

Abstract

We analyze entry, pricing, and product design in a model with differentiated products. Market equilibrium can be "separating," with multiple sellers and a sorting of heterogeneous consumers across goods, or "exclusionary," with one seller serving all customer types. Entry into an initially monopolized market can occur because of cost reductions or product improvements, but entry need not lower the incumbent's price, improve efficiency, or raise consumer welfare. Post-entry design incentives favor a softening of price competition and stronger market segmentation, whereas exclusionary design changes typically raise consumer welfare. Potential, as distinct from actual, entry always benefits consumers.

Published
2004

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