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The objective of this paper is to investigate the heat transfer mechanism while considering the attributes of viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and nonlinear thermal radiations in the three-dimensional steady incompressible flow of Carreau liquid on an extendable rotating disk. By using the similarity transformation, the governed equations were converted into the nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations. The essential characteristics of various variables like Prandtl number, Lewis number, Carreau liquid parameter, Brownian motion, thermophoresis parameter, radiation parameter, Eckert number and Hartmann number on velocity, thermal, and concentration are discussed through graphs and tables. The presented investigation divulges that the thermal and mass transfer rates enhance when Brownian motion and thermophoresis processes extended and manifest as opposing features on the concentration field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pomegranate peel extract (Ppe) is reported to possess antioxidant, and anti- inflammatory activity due to presence of bioactive constituents like quercetin (Qrt). The goal of this study was to explore the protective effects of Ppe, Qrt and their combination PQ (Ppe + Qrt) against concanavalin A (Con A)-induced liver injury in mice. In vitro antioxidant activities including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-radical scavenging activity, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were determined for different treatment groups. To evaluate the protective effects of Ppe, Qrt and PQ, BALB/c mice were pretreated with Ppe (150 mg/kg, i.g.), Qrt (100 mg/kg, i.g.) and PQ (Ppe; 150 mg/kg + Qrt; 100 mg/kg, i.g.) for fourteen days, prior to administration of a single dose of Con A (20 mg/kg, i.v.). The HPLC analysis indicated that Ppe possessed high contents of Qrt. Moreover, PQ demonstrated higher antioxidant enzymes activity than Ppe and Qrt alone. The in vivo study showed that PQ ameliorated Con A-induced liver injury more effectively than alone pretreatments by significantly decreasing the levels of serum transaminases. Also, PQ restored the increased levels of oxidative stress markers (TOS and MDA) and decreased levels of antioxidant markers (TAC, SOD, CAT and GSH) upon Con A administration. Histopathological studies revealed that Con A-treated mice group presented hepatic lesions and leukocytes infiltration which were not observed in PQ pretreatment group. Together, these results showed that the Ppe and Qrt combination group (PQ) showed better hepatoprotective effects than alone treatment groups suggesting additive action that might provide therapeutic potential against liver injury involving oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]