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One of the important factors in the success of True Seed of Shallot (TSS)-based shallot production is the right seeding technology. The study aimed to obtain appropriate nursery techniques for producing high-quality seedlings to increase shallot productivity. The experiment was conducted in Cirebon Regency, West Java, Indonesia, from May to October 2021, using a factorial randomized block design with three treatment factors and three replications. They consisted of shallot varieties (V) (Trisula, Bima, Lokananta, and Maserati); seedlings age (U) (45 and 60 days); and seedling population density (P) (5, 7.5, and 10 g m−2 of TSS). The results revealed that seedling performance was negatively correlated to the bulb yield and revenue cost ratio (R/C). The use of young seedlings enhanced bulb production and R/C ratio in all varieties but had varied effects on cluster alterations in Maserati, Bima, and Trisula varieties. Young Lokananta seedlings prepared in the nursery at a seed density of 7.5 g m−2 proved to be the best treatment to generate the highest bulb production (39.92 t ha−1) and the highest R/C (3.62). Farmers are expected to implement seedling preparation techniques using young seedlings and managing seed populations in diverse varieties to maximize bulb production and R/C.

Farmers’ socio-economics, beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes affect their behavior toward pesticides. This study was aimed at identifying criteria considered by shallot farmers in selecting and using pesticides. A survey of shallot pesticide-use was carried out in Brebes, Central Java. Data were collected by interviewing 75 respondents that was proportiona-tely and randomly selected from three villages in Brebes. By using factor analysis, four components are extracted and they account for 65.15% of the total explained variation. The rank of importance of selection criteria is “financial and accessibility criteria” (FA-1st), “performance, knowledge and information criteria” (PK-2nd), “safety and environmental criteria” (SE-3rd), and “technical and operational criteria” (TO-4th). Farmers with higher education prefer more PK, FA and TO criteria for pesticide-use. Farmers with land size of 1,001 - 2,000 m2 prefer more PK and FA criteria. Farmers who put attention to pesticide active ingredients and pesticide movement in the plants show a tendency to prefer to PK and TO criteria more than farmers who do not. Farmers who have participated in IPM training tend to consider all of the four criteria when selecting and using pesticides. The findings provide useful information for improving extension programs related to safe and appropriate pesticide use.

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