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Background: Dental instrumentation with hand-held devices is associated with discomfort, fatigue and musculoskeletal diseases or repetitive stress injuries. The goal of this in vivo study was to determine the effect of an ergonomic handle sheath on muscle work, comfort and fatigue associated with (a) piezoelectric scaling by hygienists with and without musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), and (b) dental cavity preparation by healthy dentists using a dental micromotor. Materials and Methods: Two groups of ten hygienists each tested the piezoelectric scaler. Hygienists in Group 1 had no MSDs, while those in Group 2 had been diagnosed with MSDs. Additionally, ten dentists with no MSDs used a dental micromotor to prepare four standardized cavities. Time-based work in four muscles, comfort and fatigue were recorded in the presence and absence of an add-on soft, insulating handle sheath. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance model with Tukeys post-hoc test. Results: Comfort, fatigue and muscle work were significantly better for both devices when the sheath was used. While hygienists with MSDs used more muscle work to complete the set scaling task, and the sheath-related reduction in work was somewhat greater, these MSD-related differences did not quite reach significance. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study show that the ergonomic performance of an ultrasonic scaler and a dental micromotor may be improved by the use of an ergonomic handle sheath.

(1) Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), discomfort, fatigue, pain, and other acute and chronic work-related injuries are common among dental clinicians. Hand instruments constitute a primary risk factor for these conditions. The overall goal of this study was to compare in dental hygienists with healthy hands, and in those with MSDs, the effect of three different handle designs on instrumentation-related muscle work, comfort, fatigue, and quality of tactile feedback. (2) Methods: Clinicians tested three periodontal curettes: one with a novel adaptive silicone handle, another with a rigid resin handle, and the third with a rigid silicone handle. Ten hygienists-five with MSDs and five without-each scaled three typodonts using the three different curettes. Statistical analysis was performed using a General Linear Model (GLIM) and Tukeys post hoc test, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was implemented. (3) Results: On average, mean comfort and fatigue across all instruments were significantly worse in testers with MSDs, who also expended significantly more work to complete the same task. In all testers, a novel adaptive handle design was associated with significantly reduced total muscle work and post-instrumentation fatigue, as well as better comfort than conventional rigid handle designs. (4) Conclusions: An adaptive curette handle design demonstrated significantly better ergonomic outcomes than conventional rigid curette handle designs. Hygienists with MSDs expend significantly more muscle work during dental instrumentation.

Context: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSKD) are currently the leading contributor to disability worldwide. Unlike other prevalent and disabling healthcare conditions such as CVD, risk factors associated with MSKD are not commonly discussed or integrated into current medical practice, rehabilitation practice or wellness programs. The primary purpose of this review is to describe the known risk factors most closely associated with MSKD. The secondary purpose is to propose a clinical model to manage MSK health aimed at maximizing the healthy pursuit of a physically active and healthy lifestyle. Evidence acquisition: In this review the most common MSKD risk factors, with a focus on those that can be easily screened in clinical practice are presented. The importance of understanding the magnitude and number of risk factors present as well as the multidimensional nature of MSKD risk is discussed. Results: A total of 11 MSKD risk factors were identified. Most of the risk factors are modifiable, and the evidence associated with modifiability for the most prominent risk factors is reviewed. Researchers have found that often patients are discharged from care with several known MSKD risk factors. In such instances, local pain and dysfunction are managed well, but expanding our rehabilitation care to include comprehensive risk factor management would ultimately benefit the patient and reduce healthcare costs. Conclusion: The most common MSKD risk factors are discussed and a clinical framework to individualize intervention is proposed. Addressing key risk factors within rehabilitation may be an important step to reduce the enormous and growing burden these disorders are having on society. Level of Evidence: 5 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The efficiency and productivity of dentists are affected due to musculoskeletal disorders. Efforts should be made to monitor and reduce these disorders so that proper relation is maintained between body and work. Aims and Objectives: This research evaluates and compares the level of creatine kinase (CK) in operators working in ergonomically correct posture and incorrect posture using a newly developed digitalized alarm sensor attached to a dental operating stool. Materials and Methods: A digitalized alarming sensor was attached to half of the operating stools. Blood samples of the operators were checked for CK levels before working on patients and within 13–24 h after the operators have completed their work on patients. Results: The P value was found to be highly significant in operators without digitalized alarming sensors within 13–24 h after completing their work on patients. There was no significant difference in CK levels before patient interaction between the two groups; the presence of the alarm device had a notable impact on CK levels within 13–24 h after work. Conclusion: The group without the alarm device displayed significantly higher CK levels during this postwork timeframe, suggesting a potential association between the absence of the alarm device and increased CK levels among dental professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the incidence of Lower back pain (LBP) and muscle fatigue among oral and maxillofacial surgery residents during exodontia procedure in standing and sitting position This included a total of 24 participants out of which 11 (45 %) were male and 13 (55%) were female. All the participants were in the age group of 25-29 years. Participants were predominantly right-handed 83 percent of total participants. Root mean square was calculated for all subjects before and after extraction in sitting and standing position separately. A pre-extraction root mean square (RMS) value was in the range of 40-110 mv and post extraction, participants showed increased muscle activity, with RMS values ranging from 170 to 200 mV. Standing position resulted in higher muscle activity compared to sitting position. The study concluded that even though muscle fatigue is present both in sitting and standing position. Sitting position comparatively causes less muscle activity and thereby less muscle fatigue, use of ergonomics chair could further decrease the muscle fatigue associated with sitting position. Maintaining correct ergonomic positions while performing surgical procedures can lead to decrease in evidence of work related Musculo-skeletal disorder (MSD) and improve the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The foot and ankle complex is crucial in stability, propulsion, and musculoskeletal interactions. Optimizing orthotic interventions in this anatomical region is essential to improve motor outcomes. This systematic review investigates the impact of foot orthoses (FOs) with sensorimotor bars on gait, postural control, and muscle activity in healthy individuals and those with musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: We conducted an electronic search in January 2024 using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The article identification, screening, and selection followed the PISMA (the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) guidelines. We conducted the quality assessment using the PEDro (the physiotherapy evidence database) checklist. Data extraction and synthesis were performed using the Cochrane handbook for systematic review of interventions. Results: FOs with sensorimotor bars can increase foot external rotation, dorsiflexion, and abduction while decreasing foot eversion. Additionally, they can reduce anteroposterior displacement of the hip, shoulder, and head. Furthermore, significant improvements have been observed in spatiotemporal parameters such as walking speed, stride length, stance time, swing time, and kinetic parameters such as plantar pressure. These orthoses can also impact clinical tasks and decrease center-of-pressure movements. Discussion: Sensorimotor bars have demonstrated beneficial effects on gait (kinematic, kinetic, and spatial-temporal measures), balance control (clinical performance and center of pressure displacement measures), and muscle activity recording.

Abstract Low back pain(LBP) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder in adults. According to previous studies medical students were found vulnerable for the development of LBP. We assessed the prevalence of LBP and associated factors among Medical students in Wachemo University, Southern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study design and simple random sampling technique was employed to select 370 medical students. A structured pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered into Epi-info version 3.1 and analysed by SPSS version 25. Analytical and descriptive statistics were conducted. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to assess factors associated with LBP. Variables at p-value ≤ 0.25 in simple logistic regression analysis were entered into multiple logistic regression. Statistical significance was declared at P-value,

BackgroundTo compare fatigue, comfort, and muscle work associated with the use of two periodontal curettes during scaling: one with a novel adaptive design, the other with a conventional non-adaptive design.MethodsTwelve hygienists scaled a typodont using two Universal Barnhart 5/6 curettes: (1) a prototype featuring an adaptive silicone-covered handle (Curette A), and (2) a stainless-steel curette (Curette B). Surface Electromyography (sEMG) traced muscle work. Hand positions, fatigue, comfort, pinch, and grasp strength were recorded. Paired t-tests and a repeated measures ANOVA with covariates were tested for differences. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.ResultsCurette A performed significantly better in all categories. Pinch and grasp strength and fatigue were significantly reduced post-instrumentation for Curette B. Curette A required significantly less (i) total muscle work and (ii) work in individual muscles. Comfort, correct grasp, and blade adaptation were significantly better using Curette A.ConclusionsA curette featuring a novel adaptive handle design demonstrated significantly improved ergonomic performance. Additional clinical studies are needed to solidify our understanding of the potential short- and long-term benefits of the novel curette handle design.Practical implicationsA novel adaptive curette handle design that enables the clinician to adapt the instrument across the index finger may reduce musculoskeletal burden and fatigue, as well as improve comfort during periodontal instrumentation.

Abstract The three-dimensional heads-up display system (3D HUDS) is increasingly utilized by ophthalmologists and suggested to offer ergonomic benefits compared to conventional operating microscopes. We aimed to quantitatively assess the surgeon’s neck angle and musculoskeletal discomfort during cataract surgery using commercially available 3D HUDS and conventional microscope. In this single-center comparative observational study, the surgeon conducted routine phacoemulsification surgeries using Artevo® 800 and Opmi Lumera® 700 (both from Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). The surgeon’s intraoperative neck angle was measured using the Cervical Range of Motion device. Postoperative musculoskeletal discomfort was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score after each surgery. A total of 80 cataract surgeries were analyzed, with 40 using Artevo® 800 and 40 using Opmi Lumera® 700. The neck angle was extended when using Artevo® 800 and flexed when using Opmi Lumera® 700 during continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC), phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens (IOL) placement (− 8.18 ± 2.85° vs. 8.27 ± 2.93° in CCC, − 7.83 ± 3.30° vs. 8.87 ± 2.83° in phacoemulsification, − 7.43 ± 3.80° vs. 7.67 ± 3.73° in IOL placement, respectively; all p

Dental practitioners, as part of their work, are exposed to a variety of hazards. This highlights the ongoing need for attention to occupational health in the dental field. A cross-sectional study was organised to investigate the range, prevalence, and associated factors for occupational health problems related to dental practice among Cambodian dentists. Participants underwent a face-to-face interview to explore dentists work-related health problems; 106 Cambodian dentists participated in this study, of which 68.9% were male. Ages ranged from 29 to 71 years, averaging 36.1 years, with the majority (77.4%) in the 29–40 age group. They had 5 to 18 years of practice experience, and worked an average of 52.2 h per week. Commonly reported health issues included back pain (88.7%), headaches (81.1%), shoulder pain (78.3%), arm/hand pain (57.5%), and eye problems (48.1%). Additionally, 38.7% of participants felt stressed and 19.8% depressed. Some reported suicidal thoughts and taking medication for depression. Despite these challenges, 91.5% enjoyed practicing dentistry. These findings highlight the need for interventions and strategies to address the physical and mental well-being of Cambodian dentists. By addressing these issues, steps can be taken to enhance the working conditions and professional satisfaction of dental professionals, ultimately benefiting both the practitioners and their patients.

Purpose: In the military, neck pain is second to low back pain among musculoskeletal disorders. However, the prevalence and related factors of neck pain in military personnel have not been systematically investigated, which may lead to the lack of neck pain prevention and the generation of additional medical expenses, posing challenges to medical care. This review aimed to obtain the prevalence and related factors for neck pain in military personnel in an attempt to provide directions for prevention and intervention. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases in December 2021. Two researchers independently screened studies according to eligibility criteria and assessed study quality. Results: We screened titles and abstracts of 503 articles, and 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen articles received moderate to high-quality evaluations. Neck pain is common in the military, with 1-year prevalence as high as 83% and lifetime prevalence as high as 78%. Old age (OR = 5.0), poor neck mobility (OR = 3.61), shoulder pain (OR = 4.9), low back pain (OR = 2.3), high-G pilots (OR = 1.6), longer flight time (OR = 2.53), type of aircraft (OR = 3.93), and use of helmets and night vision systems (OR = 1.9) may be associated with the prevalence of neck pain. Conclusion: Neck pain is highly prevalent in military personnel and exhibits a substantial lifetime prevalence rate. The high prevalence rate of neck pain in the military is related to many individual-related factors and work-related factors. The in-depth assessment and prevention of specific factors is an important direction of future research.

OBJECTIVE: The Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health (SJWEH) was established half a century ago. This paper provides an overview of research on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) published over these 50 years. Three themes are described: risk assessment, interventions to prevent work-related MSD, and interventions to support work participation. Finally, implications for future research are highlighted. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed for all papers on MSD published in SJWEH. Each paper was coded on several criteria including research topic, type of MSD, risk factor(s), and number of citations. Findings were tabulated, and discussions within the author team defined the main results and future research directions. RESULTS: The search resulted in 1056 papers, of which 474 were included. The most reported-on MSD was low-back pain (LBP, 18%) and the most reported-on work-related risk factors were physically demanding work (14%) and psychosocial factors (12%). Research has contributed to improving case definitions, refining work-related exposure criteria, and recognizing the varying importance of physical and psychosocial factors across different MSD. Research on the association between work-related risk factors and LBP continues to emerge. Effective interventions for prevention of MSD are characterised by sufficient exposure reduction, while supporting work participation requires integrating health care, with multidisciplinary actions directed at factors involving the worker, employer, and workplace. CONCLUSION: Research has provided valuable insights into risk assessment, interventions for preventing work-related MSD, and supporting work participation. Intervention studies remain warranted and new areas include adopting whole-system approaches to prevent work-related MSD and promoting the concept of musculoskeletal health.

Background The provision of effective musculoskeletal physiotherapy and treatment outcomes are challenged by the shortage of resources, limitations in adherence to clinical guidelines, and client unacceptability. This study aims to evaluate the process quality of musculoskeletal physiotherapy service in the physiotherapy department of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia, 2020. Method This is a health facility-based single-embedded case study design that involves both quantitative and qualitative methods to describe the service using a three dimensions assessment for quality service evaluation (compliance of the unit, technical compliance, and service acceptability). The quantitative data was collected through document review and observation of the musculoskeletal physiotherapy unit, direct observations of 20 client-physiotherapist interactions, and chart review on systematically selected 172 client charts. For qualitative data; in-depth interviews with five Key informants and 21 clients were conducted. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, translated, and analyzed thematically. The data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS v.25 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was done and data were presented using frequency and percentage. The calculated outputs were used to judge the overall service against the predetermined criteria (i.e. Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, and Poor). Results The compliance of the musculoskeletal physiotherapy unit, service providers’ technical compliance, and service acceptability by the users were judged poor (56.1%), fair (60.1%), and good (73.1%) respectively. The compliance of physiotherapists in recording patient information was concerningly poor (30.2%). The majority of clients were satisfied with the service and adhered to their treatment. Conclusion & recommendation The overall service process quality of physiotherapy service was judged as fair (62.55%). However, the assessed dimensions were not as per the expected standard. Therefore, the relevant stakeholders are recommended to improve the service provision gaps.

The three-dimensional heads-up display system (3D HUDS) is increasingly utilized by ophthalmologists and suggested to offer ergonomic benefits compared to conventional operating microscopes. We aimed to quantitatively assess the surgeon’s neck angle and musculoskeletal discomfort during cataract surgery using commercially available 3D HUDS and conventional microscope. In this single-center comparative observational study, the surgeon conducted routine phacoemulsification surgeries using Artevo® 800 and Opmi Lumera® 700 (both from Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). The surgeon’s intraoperative neck angle was measured using the Cervical Range of Motion device. Postoperative musculoskeletal discomfort was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score after each surgery. A total of 80 cataract surgeries were analyzed, with 40 using Artevo® 800 and 40 using Opmi Lumera® 700. The neck angle was extended when using Artevo® 800 and flexed when using Opmi Lumera® 700 during continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC), phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens (IOL) placement (− 8.18 ± 2.85° vs. 8.27 ± 2.93° in CCC, − 7.83 ± 3.30° vs. 8.87 ± 2.83° in phacoemulsification, − 7.43 ± 3.80° vs. 7.67 ± 3.73° in IOL placement, respectively; all p < 0.001). The VAS score was significantly lower in surgeries performed with Artevo® 800 (1.27 ± 0.55 vs. 1.73 ± 0.64, p < 0.001). The findings suggest that 3D HUDS help reduce neck flexion and lower work-related musculoskeletal discomfort through ergonomic improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It is common for dental practitioners to encounter stress, repetitive movements, and prolonged static postures that lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). As a multifactorial disorder, MSD results in discomfort or pain in the affected body area. The MSD can adversely affect one's job performance if the symptoms are left untreated. Hence, this study examined the risk factors, prevalence, and impacts of MSD on dental practitioners from Kulliyyah of Dentistry (KOD), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan. Materials and methods: By adopting the cross-sectional approach, this study assessed the risk factors, prevalence, and impacts of MSD on the study population by using the modified validated Standardised Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ). The questionnaire was disseminated to the study population via online Google Forms. The study population comprised of dental practitioners from KOD IIUM with more than one-year clinical experience. The survey outcomes were analysed via Chi-Square analysis. Results: In total, 45 dental practitioners were involved in this study and the response rate was 83%. The results revealed that 86.7% of the participants suffered from MSD in at least one part of their body. Most of them had MSD in their neck region (62.2%), shoulder area (53.3%), and lower back part (48.9%). The common risk factors related to MSD were short breaks, prolonged static posture, and awkward posture. As MSD affected their work capacity, the participants suffered from stress and required medication prescriptions. Conclusion: The outcomes support the escalating evidence of the high prevalence of developing MSD among dental practitioners. Effective interventions and ergonomic awareness education should be implemented to minimise the incidence of MSD among dental practitioners to ensure optimum work performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As a result of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) related lockdown restrictions, people with musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders could be at increased risk of physical and psychological disabilities. This review aimed to summarise the impact of COVID‐19 related lockdown restrictions on people with MSK disorders. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched for studies in the English language published until June 10, 2024. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research. Two reviewers independently abstracted data from the included studies. Data were summarised using narrative synthesis, and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Results: The search strategy identified 637 articles, 129 of which were removed as duplicates. Fifteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were analysed. The sample size the studies reviewed ranged from 40 to 1800. Having MSK disorders during COVID‐19 related lockdown restrictions led to increased risk of pain, stress, depression, anxiety, MSK related injuries, decreased quality of life and increased use of emergency department. Conclusions: This is the first study to report that COVID‐19 related lockdown restrictions led to increased risk of pain, MSK injuries and healthcare resource utilisation as well as decreased quality of life among patients with MSK disorders. These results may help inform policy and management strategies in future for people with MSK disorders to mitigate the negative impact of pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental practitioners, as part of their work, are exposed to a variety of hazards. This highlights the ongoing need for attention to occupational health in the dental field. A cross-sectional study was organised to investigate the range, prevalence, and associated factors for occupational health problems related to dental practice among Cambodian dentists. Participants underwent a face-to-face interview to explore dentists work-related health problems; 106 Cambodian dentists participated in this study, of which 68.9% were male. Ages ranged from 29 to 71 years, averaging 36.1 years, with the majority (77.4%) in the 29–40 age group. They had 5 to 18 years of practice experience, and worked an average of 52.2 h per week. Commonly reported health issues included back pain (88.7%), headaches (81.1%), shoulder pain (78.3%), arm/hand pain (57.5%), and eye problems (48.1%). Additionally, 38.7% of participants felt stressed and 19.8% depressed. Some reported suicidal thoughts and taking medication for depression. Despite these challenges, 91.5% enjoyed practicing dentistry. These findings highlight the need for interventions and strategies to address the physical and mental well-being of Cambodian dentists. By addressing these issues, steps can be taken to enhance the working conditions and professional satisfaction of dental professionals, ultimately benefiting both the practitioners and their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prolonged sitting with awkward posture during sewing results in musculoskeletal disorders among sewing operators. This study aimed to identify the compatibility of the sewing furniture with operators’ anthropometry. Therefore, 13 anthropometric measurements of 368 sewing operators were collected and compared with sewing furniture dimensions. The results showed that all anthropometric measurements other than hip breadth were larger for male participants. In addition, statistical analysis performed on the collected data showed significant variation compared to the existing dimensions of sewing machines. Results also indicated a high mismatch for different dimensions of the sewing table and chair, such as seat height, seat width, seat depth, table depth, etc. For this reason, sewing operators often experience musculoskeletal disorders. Finally, this study recommends some guidelines for designing the sewing workstation, which might act as a basis for manufacturers or importers to set provisions for sewing machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are increasingly receiving research attention because of their impact on physical and mental health. Daily diet has become one of the biggest factors that determine the health condition of the musculoskeletal system, one of which is a diet with a high glycemic index (GI). High GI foods cause rapid spikes in blood glucose and insulin levels which are implicated as triggers of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress which are contributors to the pathophysiology of musculoskeletal disorders. This review aims to synthesize the evidence linking high GI diets to the development and exacerbation of musculoskeletal problems. Methods: Articles were collected by using a search engine such as google scholar, Pubmed, Medscape, Science direct. The criteria used are articles published in 2003-2024. Result: Reducing dietary GI and glycemic load (GL) may alleviate symptoms and improve functional outcomes in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. For example, low GI diets have been associated with reduced pain as well as improved quality of life for sufferers with musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion: A high GI diet has been proven to be a significant risk factor that can be modified for the prevention of the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Public health strategies that promote low-GI diets have the potential to reduce symptoms of these disorders and improve the quality of life of sufferers. Despite these findings, more longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to establish causal relationships and better understand the molecular mechanisms involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The mining sector plays a pivotal role in meeting global resource demands, necessitating the extensive use of heavy earth-moving machinery (HEMM). Among these, load-haul-dump (LHD) mining vehicles are vital but expose operators to whole-body vibration (WBV) and shocks during their duties. Research indicates potential health risks associated with occupational WBV exposure, including musculoskeletal disorders. Evaluating these risks typically employs ISO 2631-1:1997, which, however, has limitations in addressing long-term exposure and shock effects. Methods: This study quantifies the health risks of LHD operators in Indian underground coal mines using ISO 2631-5:2018 and compares it to ISO 2631-1:1997. The methods for risk quantification from WBV vary between the two standards, leading to a comprehensive comparison. In addition, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess self-reported musculoskeletal pain among LHD operators. Results: The results were compared in accordance with frequency-weighted root mean square (RMS) values, vibration dose values (VDV), daily compressive dose (SdA), and the risk of injury (RA) factor. The assessment using A(8), VDV, SdA, and RA produced diverse evaluations, influencing varying perspectives on occupational health despite significant risks. ISO 2631-5:2018 consistently suggested a lower health risk for LHD operators as opposed to ISO 2631-1:1997. Seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT) values showed amplification of vibration in the range of 4-8 Hz. Self-reported musculoskeletal pain indicated the prevalence of discomfort among operators. Conclusion: The study emphasizes a cautious approach when interpreting results and shaping guidelines to ensure sustainable development through the well-being of mining industry workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liver is a vital organ involved in nutrient metabolism, hormone regulation, immunity, cytokine production, and gut homeostasis. Impairment in liver function can result in malnutrition, chronic inflammation, decreased anabolic hormone levels, and dysbiosis. These conditions eventually cause an imbalance in osteoblast and osteoclast activities, resulting in bone loss. Osteoporosis is a frequent complication of chronic liver disease (CLD) that adversely affects quality of life and increases early mortality. Sarcopenia is another common complication of CLD characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Assessment criteria for sarcopenia specific to liver disease have been established, and sarcopenia has been reported to be associated with an increase in the risk of liver disease-related events and mortality in patients with CLD. Owing to their similar risk factors and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, osteoporosis and sarcopenia often coexist (termed osteosarcopenia), progress in parallel, and further exacerbate the conditions mentioned above. Therefore, comprehensive management of these musculoskeletal disorders is imperative. This review summarizes the clinical implications and characteristics of osteoporosis, extending to sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia, in patients with CLD caused by different etiologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To analyze the association between occupational ergonomic risk, personal characteristics, and working conditions with the biomechanical properties of stiffness and muscular tone in the paravertebral muscles of electric pallet jack and forklift operators in the industrial sector. Methods A total of 75 industrial sector machine operators were evaluated in 2021. Personal characteristics and working conditions were assessed through a questionnaire. Ergonomic risk was assessed using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, and biomechanical properties of stiffness and muscular tone were obtained using the Myoton Pro device. Stiffness in paravertebral muscles was compared based on the operated machine and observed ergonomic risk. A multilevel linear regression model was employed to quantify the relationship, with mean differences and 95% CI calculated. Results Very high ergonomic risk was found in 75% of the electric pallet truck drivers. In this group with the highest ergonomic risk, an association between biomechanical properties and older workers was observed. Additionally, among electric pallet truck drivers, stiffness (mean difference 335.9 N/m, 95% CI: 46.4 (3.4 to 110.0), P < 0.05) and paravertebral muscle tone (mean difference 17.5 Hz, 95% CI: 1.4 (0.1 to 3.4), P < 0.05) showed statistically significant differences in the very high ergonomic risk category compared to the high-risk category. No significant differences were observed in any of the analyzed variables among forklift drivers. Conclusions Workers operating electric pallet trucks with very high ergonomic risk according to the REBA method and aged over 40 yr are associated with increased muscle stiffness and tone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study assessed the effectiveness of a passive back support exoskeleton during a mechanical loading task. Fifteen healthy participants performed a simulated patient transfer task while wearing the Laevo (version 2.5) passive back support exoskeleton. Collected metrics encompassed L5-S1 joint moments, back and abdominal muscle activity, lower body and back kinematics, center of mass displacement, and movement smoothness. A statistical parametric mapping analysis approach was used to overcome limitations from discretization of continuous data. The exoskeleton reduced L5-S1 joint moments during trunk flexion, but wearing the device restricted L5-S1 joint flexion when flexing the trunk as well as hip and knee extension, preventing participants from standing fully upright. Moreover, wearing the device limited center of mass motion in the caudal direction and increased its motion in the anterior direction. Therefore, wearing the exoskeleton partly reduced lower back moments during the lowering phase of the patient transfer task, but there were some undesired effects such as altered joint kinematics and center of mass displacement. Statistical parametric mapping analysis was useful in determining the benefits and hindrances produced by wearing the exoskeleton while performing the simulated patient transfer task and should be utilized in further studies to inform design and appropriate usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Both physical and psychosocial risk factors contributing to musculoskeletal disorders occur in the professional nursing group, and previous literature suggested that their interaction may increase the risk of musculoskeletal pain among nurses. The aim of the study was to examine perceived workload and stress as well as physical findings and musculoskeletal complaints in nurses. Material and Methods The participants consisted of 42 female nurses, age range 23–60 years. They marked on a pain drawing the site/sites that was/were painful at the moment of testing, its duration and intensity. Thereafter they were examined using the movement and respiration domains from the Global Physiotherapy Examination (GPE). Furthermore, a subjective workload measure was made using the paper version of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index and stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Questionnaire . Results Almost the entire study group declared that pain experienced in at least 1 location was chronic, i.e., had lasted ≥1 year (97%). The most frequent locations of pain were low back (22.4%) and cervical/head (21.6%) regions. In the GPE, most scores indicated restricted and reduced movement, with the subdomain flexibility having the highest deviation from the predefined standard. Furthermore, the results indicated hampered respiration, especially visible in standing position. Out of all workload scores, the highest was obtained for temporal demand. Perceived stress level was found to be moderate and significantly associated to chronic chest/ thoracic pain. Interestingly, the compression of thorax test positively correlated with mental (r = 0.42, p < 0.05) and physical demand (r = 0.35, p < 0.05), whereas the elbow drop test and temporal demand correlated negatively (r = –0.37, p < 0.05). Conclusions To sum up, the majority of nurses participating in this study had long-lasting pain and limited flexibility of the body and hampered respiration, which both may enhance intensity of experienced musculoskeletal pain. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(3):257–70

Abstract Background Due to the burden of musculoskeletal diseases in the elderly and the multifactorial nature of such conditions, controlling the pain caused by these disorders requires multidisciplinary approach. This approach requires the participation of the elderly in applying effective prevention measures. This study aims to design a multidisciplinary educational intervention based on health belief model (HBM) for elderly residents of nursing homes. Methods This is a parallel randomized clinical trial among elderly people aged 60 years and over living in a nursing home who suffer from musculoskeletal pain. Eligible participants will be divided into two groups including the intervention group who will receive a multidisciplinary intervention (vitamin D consumption, psycho-social stress management, and physiotherapy) and the control group who will receive usual care. Data collection instruments will include demographic data, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), the visual analogue scale (VAS), and a self-designed questionnaire containing the HBM constructs. The interventions will be carried out by the educational team (general practitioner, psychologist, physiotherapist, and health education specialist). Interventions include changing the wrong beliefs of the elderly, taking 800 units of vitamin D daily, daily walking exercise by the elderly for at least 30 min and maintaining proper body posture during daily activities, muscle relaxation, relaxation techniques, regular exercise, examining their diet and eliminating stimulants (such as smoking and coffee), regular visits with friends and family, and deep breathing techniques. All questionnaires will be completed by the elderly before, after, 3, and 6 months after the intervention. Discussion The present study will evaluate the effect of an educational intervention based on a multifaceted pain control approach for elderly people who reside in nursing homes in order to reduce musculoskeletal pain in the elderly living in nursing homes. One of the features of this study is its focus on improving the health of elderly residents in nursing homes. Given the increase in the elderly population worldwide, the findings from the current trial might benefit elderly populations. Trial registration IRCT20220904055881N1 . Registered on 11 February 2023.

Avascular Necrosis (AVN) is a pathological condition characterised by a reduction in the blood supply to the subchondral bone, leading to the degenerative condition of the bone, marked by the death of cellular components of the bone. It is also known as osteonecrosis. The epiphysis of long bones at weight-bearing joints is typically affected. All of these conditions have a poor prognosis. In Ayurveda, it corresponds to Asthivahastrotodushtivikara (musculoskeletal disorder) as there is kshaya (necrosis) of asthi (bone) and Majja (bone marrow) dhatu (major structural components of the body). In modern medicine, AVN is managed by the use of corticosteroids and many surgical procedures such as drilling, insertion of prosthetics, or bone grafts. Therefore, Ayurveda provides a conservative line of treatment based on the principle of Asthi-majjagatkashaya (decalcification of bone) caused by abhighatajanyavataprakopa (trauma). A case of AVN with the right femoral head was treated with shaman (oral medications), Sodhana (bio-purification), and bruhmana (rejuvenation) procedures. The therapy provided significant improvements in pain and range of movement of the hip joint, based on the patient’s signs and symptoms before and after treatment. Conservative treatment can give outstanding results, improve the quality of life, halt disease progression, and help manage AVN by tissue regeneration without harmful effects.

Construction is a labor-intensive industry requiring extensive manual handling, repeated hand motion, and exerting force. These attributes put workers at risk for Distal Upper Extremity Disorders (DUED), such as occupational wrist tendinosis, trigger finger, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Although some studies have assessed the potential impact of exoskeletons on muscle activation, these studies failed to evaluate the direct effect of exoskeletons on DUED. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize the process for directly assessing the impact of exoskeleton on DUED and evaluate the efficacy of an exoskeleton in reducing the occurrence of DUED. Relying on the Hand Activity Level Threshold Limit Value process developed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, the researchers developed a framework for assessing the DUED risk associated with hand-related tasks. This study presents a framework for conducting ergonomic risk assessments and the use of intervention in the construction industry. In addition, the study provides critical insight into using a DUED-based risk assessment tool for exoskeleton evaluation research. Practitioners and researchers can determine the true cost-benefit of using an exoskeleton as a safety intervention using the risk outcome from the proposed risk assessment process.

Background: The study aimed to evaluate musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) prevalence and its correlation with stress in medical students at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total of 416 participants participated in this study by answering an online questionnaire. We included medical students from UQU of both genders, ranging from the first year to the sixth year. A questionnaire was used to capture sociodemographic data. The data were collected using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) and Standardized Nordic questionnaire. Results: Among 416 medical students surveyed, 219 (52.60%) were males. A significant proportion of participants, 294 (70.70%), reported experiencing pain during the last 12 months. Female students exhibited significantly higher scores of MSDs compared to their male counterparts. Students who reported working between 51–90 hours per week had a significantly higher MSD score than those who worked 0–50 hours or 91 or more hours. The findings of this study indicated that the most prevalent MSDs were low back pain (50.20%), followed by neck pain (31.70%), and female medical students exhibited significantly higher stress levels than male medical students. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal disorders represent a prevalent health issue among medical students, there is a significant association between factors such as being a female and body mass index. Additionally, psychological stress is a widespread concern among medical students, given the demanding nature of their lifestyle. Interestingly, our findings revealed that there exists a moderately positive relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and stress in this particular population.

Background: Due to the burden of musculoskeletal diseases in the elderly and the multifactorial nature of such conditions, controlling the pain caused by these disorders requires multidisciplinary approach. This approach requires the participation of the elderly in applying effective prevention measures. This study aims to design a multidisciplinary educational intervention based on health belief model (HBM) for elderly residents of nursing homes. Methods: This is a parallel randomized clinical trial among elderly people aged 60 years and over living in a nursing home who suffer from musculoskeletal pain. Eligible participants will be divided into two groups including the intervention group who will receive a multidisciplinary intervention (vitamin D consumption, psycho-social stress management, and physiotherapy) and the control group who will receive usual care. Data collection instruments will include demographic data, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), the visual analogue scale (VAS), and a self-designed questionnaire containing the HBM constructs. The interventions will be carried out by the educational team (general practitioner, psychologist, physiotherapist, and health education specialist). Interventions include changing the wrong beliefs of the elderly, taking 800 units of vitamin D daily, daily walking exercise by the elderly for at least 30 min and maintaining proper body posture during daily activities, muscle relaxation, relaxation techniques, regular exercise, examining their diet and eliminating stimulants (such as smoking and coffee), regular visits with friends and family, and deep breathing techniques. All questionnaires will be completed by the elderly before, after, 3, and 6 months after the intervention. Discussion: The present study will evaluate the effect of an educational intervention based on a multifaceted pain control approach for elderly people who reside in nursing homes in order to reduce musculoskeletal pain in the elderly living in nursing homes. One of the features of this study is its focus on improving the health of elderly residents in nursing homes. Given the increase in the elderly population worldwide, the findings from the current trial might benefit elderly populations. Trial registration: IRCT20220904055881N1. Registered on 11 February 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSKDs) are a significant reason for general practice consultations in the United Kingdom. Current models of care include consultation with a General Practitioner (GP) or a First Contact Physiotherapy Practitioner (FCPP). Evidence suggests that FCPP led care is safe, yet it is unknown whether patients share this belief. Purpose: To explore patients' perspectives of general practice consultation for MSKDs, including views on safety, satisfaction and recommendations for future practice. Methods: A secondary data analysis utilising qualitative data from the Patient Reported Experiences and Outcomes of Safety in Primary Care (PREOS‐PC) questionnaire completed by 426 general practice patients who consulted with a MSKD between December 2019 and October 2022. Responses to the question 'What changes, if any, would you suggest to your GP surgery to make sure that health care is provided safely?' were analysed using content analysis. Results: 606 responses across three timepoints were analysed. Two themes and six subthemes were identified; views on safety and satisfaction (inherent trust in the system, provision of face‐to‐face appointments, prompt access to care, person‐centred care) and recommendations for future practice (appointment system: prompt access to face‐to‐face appointments, delivery of care: co‐ordinated and collaborative person‐centred care). Conclusions: Patients commented that FCPP consultations provided quick and accurate diagnoses and targeted advice. Recommendations for future practice included prompt access to face‐to‐face appointments, phone calls to be answered more quickly, improved communication for test results and follow ups, patients to feel listened to with a more individualised approach, and better continuity of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction operations, particularly concrete formwork, pose significant risks of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) to workers. Previous studies have examined the MSDs associated with conventional job-built formwork. In light of the growing popularity of modern ready-made formwork systems, and the claim that such systems reduce MSDs, it is imperative that researchers characterize the activities associated with the use of these systems and offer empirical insight into their relationship with MSDs. In response to this need, this study aims to assess and compare MSD risks related to different modern formwork systems. Specifically, the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), a method for full-body postural ergonomic risk assessment, was used to study the ergonomic hazards of form workers during the installation and removal of horizontal modular and prefabricated or engineered formwork systems. The findings indicate that most formwork tasks and activities subject workers to medium to high MSD risks, necessitating preventive actions or imminent preventive actions. Modular formwork systems may subject workers to fewer hazardous ergonomic working conditions compared with prefabricated or engineered formwork systems. The findings provide an improved understanding of formwork activities and the MSD risks associated with ready-made formwork system construction, and provide a valuable resource for formwork designers and constructors dedicated to improving worker health and safety in formwork construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avascular Necrosis (AVN) is a pathological condition characterised by a reduction in the blood supply to the subchondral bone, leading to the degenerative condition of the bone, marked by the death of cellular components of the bone. It is also known as osteonecrosis. The epiphysis of long bones at weight-bearing joints is typically affected. All of these conditions have a poor prognosis. In Ayurveda, it corresponds to Asthivahastrotodushtivikara (musculoskeletal disorder) as there is kshaya (necrosis) of asthi (bone) and Majja (bone marrow) dhatu (major structural components of the body). In modern medicine, AVN is managed by the use of corticosteroids and many surgical procedures such as drilling, insertion of prosthetics, or bone grafts. Therefore, Ayurveda provides a conservative line of treatment based on the principle of Asthi-majjagatkashaya (decalcification of bone) caused by abhighatajanyavataprakopa (trauma). A case of AVN with the right femoral head was treated with shaman (oral medications), Sodhana (bio-purification), and bruhmana (rejuvenation) procedures. The therapy provided significant improvements in pain and range of movement of the hip joint, based on the patient's signs and symptoms before and after treatment. Conservative treatment can give outstanding results, improve the quality of life, halt disease progression, and help manage AVN by tissue regeneration without harmful effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Both physical and psychosocial risk factors contributing to musculoskeletal disorders occur in the professional nursing group, and previous literature suggested that their interaction may increase the risk of musculoskeletal pain among nurses. The aim of the study was to examine perceived workload and stress as well as physical findings and musculoskeletal complaints in nurses. Material and Methods: The participants consisted of 42 female nurses, age range 23-60 years. They marked on a pain drawing the site/sites that was/were painful at the moment of testing, its duration and intensity. Thereafter they were examined using the movement and respiration domains from the Global Physiotherapy Examination (GPE). Furthermore, a subjective workload measure was made using the paper version of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index and stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Questionnaire. Results: Almost the entire study group declared that pain experienced in at least 1 location was chronic, i.e., had lasted =1 year (97%). The most frequent locations of pain were low back (22.4%) and cervical/head (21.6%) regions. In the GPE, most scores indicated restricted and reduced movement, with the subdomain flexibility having the highest deviation from the predefined standard. Furthermore, the results indicated hampered respiration, especially visible in standing position. Out of all workload scores, the highest was obtained for temporal demand. Perceived stress level was found to be moderate and significantly associated to chronic chest/thoracic pain. Interestingly, the compression of thorax test positively correlated with mental (r = 0.42, p < 0.05) and physical demand (r = 0.35, p < 0.05), whereas the elbow drop test and temporal demand correlated negatively (r = -0.37, p < 0.05). Conclusions: To sum up, the majority of nurses participating in this study had long-lasting pain and limited flexibility of the body and hampered respiration, which both may enhance intensity of experienced musculoskeletal pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction is a labor-intensive industry requiring extensive manual handling, repeated hand motion, and exerting force. These attributes put workers at risk for Distal Upper Extremity Disorders (DUED), such as occupational wrist tendinosis, trigger finger, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Although some studies have assessed the potential impact of exoskeletons on muscle activation, these studies failed to evaluate the direct effect of exoskeletons on DUED. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize the process for directly assessing the impact of exoskeleton on DUED and evaluate the efficacy of an exoskeleton in reducing the occurrence of DUED. Relying on the Hand Activity Level Threshold Limit Value process developed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, the researchers developed a framework for assessing the DUED risk associated with hand-related tasks. This study presents a framework for conducting ergonomic risk assessments and the use of intervention in the construction industry. In addition, the study provides critical insight into using a DUED-based risk assessment tool for exoskeleton evaluation research. Practitioners and researchers can determine the true cost-benefit of using an exoskeleton as a safety intervention using the risk outcome from the proposed risk assessment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses' physical and mental well-being is crucial for prompt patient-care service. While research has been conducted on the specific causes of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and occupational stress among Indian nurses, a comprehensive picture considering all these variables is still lacking. This study investigated MSD prevalence and psychosocial stress levels among female nurses in West Bengal, India, and the connections between these factors and MSDs. Methods: The study was performed in nine different hospitals and nursing homes in West Bengal, India. The modified Nordic questionnaire and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) were used. The body height, body weight, BMI, pulse rate and blood pressure of the subjects were measured using an anthropometer, a weighing machine and a digital blood pressure monitor, respectively. Results: 80.9% of subjects reported that they had discomfort in the past 12 months, with the highest percentage (52.1%) of complaints of low-back pain. From COPSOQ, concerning mean values were found in the demand scales and general health. The presence of different discomforts was found to be significantly related to various scales of COPSOQ. Conclusion: Increased cognitive, quantitative and sensorial demands were found to be major contributors to the high prevalence of MSDs among nurses in this study. As the well-being of nurses is pivotal for maintaining well-ordered health systems, regular follow-ups on their physical and psychological health are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study aimed to evaluate musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) prevalence and its correlation with stress in medical students at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total of 416 participants participated in this study by answering an online questionnaire. We included medical students from UQU of both genders, ranging from the first year to the sixth year. A questionnaire was used to capture sociodemographic data. The data were collected using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) and Standardized Nordic questionnaire. Results: Among 416 medical students surveyed, 219 (52.60%) were males. A significant proportion of participants, 294 (70.70%), reported experiencing pain during the last 12 months. Female students exhibited significantly higher scores of MSDs compared to their male counterparts. Students who reported working between 51--90 hours per week had a significantly higher MSD score than those who worked 0--50 hours or 91 or more hours. The findings of this study indicated that the most prevalent MSDs were low back pain (50.20%), followed by neck pain (31.70%), and female medical students exhibited significantly higher stress levels than male medical students. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal disorders represent a prevalent health issue among medical students, there is a significant association between factors such as being a female and body mass index. Additionally, psychological stress is a widespread concern among medical students, given the demanding nature of their lifestyle. Interestingly, our findings revealed that there exists a moderately positive relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and stress in this particular population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Globally, the LBP prevalence among the general population varies from 15-45%. Work-related LBP is estimated to cause 818,000 disability-adjusted life years lost (DALYs) annually. Aim of study. To determine the prevalence and factors associated with LBP among Iraqi Healthcare workers. Methodology. This is a cross-sectional study that included 220 participants and was conducted at Baghdad during the period from 5/7/2023 to 25/11/2023. Lower back pain was assessed using an Arabic version of the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Results. The life, annual, and weekly prevalence of LBP were 92.7%, 90.9%, and 58.2%, respectively. A statistically significant associated was detected between weekly prevalence of LBP and each of female gender, long working hours, BMI, and occupation. Conclusion. LBP is a highly prevalent condition among Iraqi HCWs and it caused considerable reduction to the quality of life and work performance. Risk factors for weekly prevalence were female gender, longer working hours, obesity, and working as a dentist.

Ergonomics is important for sustainable development in many fields, including architecture, health, product design, safety, and workplace design. Ergonomic assessments are essential in the workplace to prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Currently, Indonesia has a standardized ergonomic assessment, SNI 9011:2021. This assessment standard is widely used to evaluate human posture. This study aims to evaluate the position of a traditional brick-maker in which the posture identification system is based on the SNI 9011:2021. This study employed a cross-sectional design with a sample of workers in conventional brick manufacturing. The primary findings of this study were visual ergonomic assessment for posture identification, identification of ergonomic assessment categories with high risk in brick manufacturing, and the prevalence of nagging pain among workers in the brick moulding and drying process. To reduce occupational ergonomic risk, particularly for brick-making workers, ergonomic intervention is required in the form of additional work aids such as chairs. This has been shown to reduce the evaluation score based on SNI 9011: 2021, thereby reducing the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders

Abstract Background Chronic liver diseases constitute a major global public health burden, posing a substantial threat to patients’ daily lives and even survival due to the potential development of musculoskeletal disorders. Although the relationship between chronic liver diseases and musculoskeletal disorders has received extensive attention, their causal relationship has not been comprehensively and systematically investigated. Methods This study aimed to assess the causal relationships between viral hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and sarcopenia through bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) research. The traits related to osteoporosis and osteoarthritis included both overall and site-specific phenotypes, and the traits linked to sarcopenia involved indicators of muscle mass and function. Random-effect inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, and Causal Analysis Using the Summary Effect Estimates were used to evaluate causal effects, with IVW being the main analysis method. To enhance robustness, sensitivity analyses were performed using Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO global test, funnel plots, leave-one-out analyses, and latent causal variable model. Results The forward MR analysis indicated that PSC can reduce forearm bone mineral density (beta = − 0.0454, 95% CI − 0.0798 to − 0.0110; P = 0.0098) and increase the risk of overall osteoarthritis (OR = 1.012, 95% CI 1.002–1.022; P = 0.0247), while HCC can decrease grip strength (beta = − 0.0053, 95% CI − 0.008 to − 0.0025; P = 0.0002). The reverse MR analysis did not find significant causal effects of musculoskeletal disorders on chronic liver diseases. Additionally, no heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected. Conclusions These findings corroborate the causal effects of PSC on osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, as well as the causal impact of HCC on sarcopenia. Thus, the implementation of comprehensive preventive measures is imperative for PSC and HCC patients to mitigate the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, ultimately improving their quality of life.

Getasew Yirdaw, Balew Adane Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Getasew Yirdaw, Email gech23man@gmail.comBackground: Globally, the demand for mobility is increasing. Three-wheel cars are one of the best options for meeting this demand and creating new job opportunities in most developing countries, including Ethiopia. Drivers are highly susceptible to developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Even though several studies on other groups of drivers have been conducted, little is done in Ethiopia among three-wheel car drivers.Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of MSDs and identified their associated risk factors among three-wheel car drivers in Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional research was conducted among drivers of three-wheel cars from August 05 to October 07, 2022. A stratified sampling followed by a simple random sampling technique was used to select 422 respondents. Structured and pretested questionnaires adapted from the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Epi-data version 4.2.0.0 and SPSS version 20 were used to enter and analyze the collected data, respectively.Results: In the previous 12 months, 62.45% of three-wheel car drivers had musculoskeletal disorders in any body region (95% CI: 58.36, 66.14). The back pain was the most frequently reported site of pain in this study. This study showed that the habit of doing physical exercise, work experience, site of service, taking rest breaks while driving, and having comfortable sitting posture was risk factor for musculoskeletal pain.Conclusion: In this study, the overall 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal problems among three-wheel car drivers was high. Periodic health checkups for drivers, lifestyle changes, delivering training, and creating awareness are important to address this high-burden occupation-related problem.Keywords: musculoskeletal disorder, driver, three-wheel, risk factor, Ethiopia

Purpose: Intensive military training courses are among the programs and specialties of the police force. Musculoskeletal disorders in the military are one of the vital factors that keep people away from courses and shorten their service life. This research aims to measure the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in newly arrived students in the pre-service training course of the police force using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) questionnaire. Methods: For this purpose, 124 soldiers with a mean age of 20.7 years, a mean height of 178.5 cm, a mean weight of 72.9 kg, and a mean activity per week for 3 hours and 19 minutes in one of the training barracks affiliated to the Tehran Police Force and were selected and completed the OSTRC questionnaire every month for 6 months. The research design of this study is epidemiology and the results are presented descriptively. Results: The results of the research related to prevalence measurement on a monthly mean showed that ankles at 2.8%, knees at 2.2%, and waist at 1.8% respectively have the highest prevalence rates among soldiers. Also, among the harmful factors, the parade had the largest share with 22.5% and during 6 months, the second month had the highest number of injuries, and the sixth month had the lowest number of injuries. In terms of participation in exercises, 86.6% of soldiers participated in practical classes without any physical injuries during the six months. A total of 9.1% of the soldiers could not perform optimally and properly despite their full attendance in the practical classes due to physical injuries and finally, 3.8% of the participants, despite attending the practical classes, had to leave the class halfway due to the severity of the injury. Conclusion: What is clear is that the most affected areas are the central area and the lower limbs, and the spine of the back, head, neck, and upper limbs were not among the most damaged areas. Finally, it seems that the prevalence rate among the soldiers in training courses is acceptable and close to the average of global statistics. However, it is required to take preventive measures as well as plan to add classes and specialized exercises to strengthen physical fitness and specialized exercises related to improving the conditions of damaged areas.