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In this paper, the technique of electricity tracing has been widened into monitoring line overloading of deregulated power system. Recently, the study on power system stability can only determine the stressed transmission lines but no attempt to trace who become the contributors (generators or loads) for the system's violation. By means of electricity tracing, the objective to trace the major contributor can be achieved. Thus, this paper proposes the application of electricity tracing through hybrid algorithm: the Ant Colony Pollinated-Flower Algorithm (ACPFA) for tracing the stress contributors. The experiment on IEEE 14-bus system together with comparative studies has validated the performance of the proposed method and algorithm. The results proved a promising capability for electricity tracing's application in monitoring line overloading of a deregulated power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power systems are usually exposed to numerous disturbances that can have an adverse effect on system operation. Insufficient generation could lead to frequency declination and subsequently system collapse in the absence of immediate control action. Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) is a technique commonly applied to overcome overloading and restore the system frequency. This paper presents an adaptive load shedding approach to determine the best location with minimum amount of load to be shed. Load Ranking Fuzzy Logic (LRFL) is used to rank the load based on their sensitivity and stability index. In order to achieve this, the proposed strategy is verified using 11 kV Malaysian distributed network consisting of different type of loads connected with single and multiple Distribution Generator (DG). The simulation results show that the proposed strategy successfully stabilizes the system's frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that is collected from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale either from natural or environment and it also known as the alternative energy. This paper intends to explore the opportunities to produce electricity from waste heat from our surrounding equipment especially household appliances as one of the renewable energy sources by using thermoelectric generator module. By using 'Seebeck effect', electrical energy could be generated with the difference of temperature between surfaces. This study reveals the ability of waste heat to generate electricity by using candle, cooking stove, Bunsen burner, BBQ grill placement and kettle as a source of heat for activate at least a small electronic device. The main findings on this project are that with higher temperature differences, the higher voltage is produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new optimization approach for tuning conventional PID controller parameters of a static var compensator (SVC) which controls a synchronous machine. SVC is designed and implemented to improve the damping of a synchronous generator. For tuning three SVC-PID parameters, a new Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique called Iteration PSO (IPSO) is proposed. In this method, a new iteration best index is implemented into conventional PSO in order to enhance the quality of the solution. Based on eigenvalues and damping ratio results, it is confirmed that the proposed technique is more efficient than conventional PSO in improving the angle stability of the system. The study involves the optimization of proportional gain, KP, interval gain, KI and derivative gain, KD of PID controller. Comparison between IPSO, PSO and Evolutionary Programming (EP) optimization techniques showed that the proposed computation approach give better solution and faster computation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new theory called electricity tracing has been introduced for providing a fair and non-discriminatory transmission service pricing. Recently, PSP technique is considered to be the pioneer in the application of electricity tracing. However, the technique necessitates for matrix inversion in which sometimes cannot be performed when there is singularity in the matrix property. Due to this mathematical problem, it is likely the technique unable to give a promising result. To explore a new approach, this paper demonstrates the Artificial Intelligence (AI) based optimization method for performing load tracing, by means of hybrid algorithm; the Ant Colony Pollinated-Flower Algorithm (ACP-FA). The experiment on IEEE 14-bus system together with comparative studies has proven the effectiveness of the proposed method and algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]