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Objective:The physical or emotional difficulties faced by academicians negatively affect their productivity. The aim of this study is to translate and adapt a Turkish version of the Work Limitations Questionnaire-Short Form (WLQ-SF) and investigate its validity and reliability. The WLQ-SF assesses academicians who have suffered from physical or emotional health limitations in the past 2 weeks while working.Methods:In this study, the mean age of 104 participants who completed the Turkish version of the WLQ-SF was 37.75±9.43 years. The test-retest reliability was evaluated using the WLQ-SF with a 7-day interval. The test-retest reliability assessed through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha (α) were used to determine the construct validity and time-invariant reliability of the scale over time.Results:The WLQ-SF provided construct validity with 68.62% variance under two factors (Bartlett’s test of sphericity value, 407.830; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value, 0.746; p=0.0001) and was found to be valid. It demonstrated a high test-retest reliability (ICC =0.96) and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha =0.83) for all domains. Therefore, the WLQ-SF in the Turkish language is a valid and reliable test.Conclusion:The Turkish version of the WLQ-SF was found to be valid and reliable for evaluating the effect of physical and emotional health among academicians. It is an important scale to measure the impact of both physical and emotional health at work.

Background/aim: Prenatal diagnosis is vital to obtain healthy generation for risky pregnancies. There have been several approaches, some of which are routinely applied in clinics to evaluate the possible prenatal deficiencies and/or diseases. In the present study, we aimed to isolate the fetal cells from endocervical samples and try to identify possible anomalies which were proved by Amniocentesis (AS) and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) methods. Materials and methods: Endoservical specimens were collected from 100 pregnant women. Cells were separated in parallel by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) G233 and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) antibodies. CMA (comprehensive meta-analysis) were carried out and male fetuses were confirmed with Sex determining region Y (SRY) amplification. Results: The percent of HLA G233 and placental and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) positive cells were 4.55% and 84.59%, respectively. The percent of cells positive for both markers was 14.75%. CMA analyses were not informative. (SRY) was amplified in 67% of the samples. Conclusion: However, the success rate of the both cell sorting and scanning of DNA anomalies by aCGH and/or RT-PCR was limited, preventing the applicability of this proposal in the clinics. Still, the success of the proposed method depends on the development of the novel fetal cell-specific antibodies and the improvements in the sorting systems.

AIM: We aimed to investigate sleep disturbances in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and typically developing (TD) children during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Primary care givers of children with CF and PCD aged 3-16 years were asked to enrol in the study. Primary care givers of TD children were included as control group. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) was used, and questions related to sleep habits during the pandemic were asked. Results of the three groups were compared. RESULTS: Primary care givers of 33 children with CF, 16 children with PCD and 66 TD children were included in the study. There were no differences in terms of age and gender between the three groups. Changes in sleep patterns during the pandemic were more common among TD children and their families, with 75% of the children and 80% of their families sleeping later than before. The sleep initiation and maintenance disorder scores were higher in TD children (P = 0.001), whereas the sleep breathing disorder scores were higher in children with PCD (P = 0.001), and the sleep hyperhidrosis scores were higher in children with CF and PCD (P = 0.011). No relationships were found between sleep parameters and clinical findings of children with lung disease. CONCLUSIONS: Children's sleep habits have changed during the pandemic. Children with chronic lung diseases and even TD children may experience sleep disturbances during this period.

Background: Many patients prefer treatment abroad in Afghanistan. The quality of treatment services is low and they cover the treatment of themselves. This causes both the loss of the national wealth of Afghanistan and poor satisfaction of the workers and patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of health service providers and beneficiaries in the capital city of Kabil, Afghanistan on the quality of tertiary health services. Methods: Tertiary health facilities chosen from sixteen in Kabil according to their worker and patient capacity, randomly. Health professionals and service recipients recruited using face-to-face questionnaire method. Findings: The level of hospital services are above average for both employees and inpatients in Kabil whereas more hospital workers thinks that health services are weak (p=0.024). Workers spend more money for treatments made in abroad (p=0.043). Conclusions/Application to Practice: Quality of health services is a shared responsibility between hospital management, staff and patients. New governmental regulations should be found for tertiary hospitals and promotive changes should be made for hospital workers in order to increase total quality management.

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic aptitude of a modified Adams forward bending test (MAFBT), which addresses the coupling phenomenon of axial rotation with reference to the side-bending movement. Also, this evaluation was facilitated by the introduction of our rotational flexibility index (RFI). Thirty-two female and eight male AIS patients were included in this study from a single institution. In the MAFBT, subjects were asked to bend to the convex side of the curve in the forward bending position. Scoliometric measurements were done during the AFBT and MAFBT. Utilizing anteroposterior standing plain radiographs curve flexibility indices were calculated. The diagnostic aptitude of the MAFBT was evaluated based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC). The RFI was also assessed, which considered AFBT and MAFBT parameters as a specified function. Significant correlations were noted between the Cobb angle and AFBT (p = 0.005), fulcrum bending and the MAFBT (p = 0.0001), side-bending and MAFBT (p = 0.0001). There were significant positive correlations between rotational flexibility as based on fulcrum bending radiograph to that of the RFI (r = 0.4, p = 0.036) and side-bending technique (r = 0.4, p = 0.008). Based on ROC analyses (AUC range 0.7–0.8), the MAFBT demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity rates for flexible and rigid curves, respectively. This is the first study to report that the MAFBT is a simple and reliable test for the clinical assessment of rotational flexibility in AIS patients. The study further noted that the novel RFI has clinical utility in the assessment of AIS.

Alcohol is a unique addictive substance used by many people for different reasons. Alcohol use affects not only the users but also the family and the whole society in a negative way. Alcohol is one of the most commonly used substances for entertainment purposes in the world and one in three people is a current drinker. 2.348 billion people (43% of the population) aged 15 and over are current drinkers and males drink about 2 times more frequently than females (53.6% / 32.3%). According to the Global Alcohol and Health Report published by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2018), total alcohol per capita consumption (APC) worldwide aged 15 and over increased from 5.7 liters in 2000 to 6.4 liters in 2016. Harmful alcohol consumption is a major public health problem and it is known to be associated with more than 200 diseases and injuries. Policies and measures to prevent alcohol use are not implemented adequately and the burden of alcohol-related illnesses continues to increase tremendously. In order to prevent and reduce the harmful effects of alcohol, alcohol policies should be formulated based on the best evidence from a public health perspective.

2019’un sonunda Çin’in Hubei eyaleti Wuhan şehrinde ortaya çıkan ve yayılanSARS-CoV-2 virüsü sonucu meydana gelen COVID-19 pandemisihalen ciddi bir halk sağlığı problemi olarak etkisini sürdürmektedir. Virüsün yarasa kaynaklı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Hastalık damlacık ve temas yolu ile insandan insana bulaşmaktadır. İnkübasyon süresi ortalaması 4-5 gün (0-14 gün) olarak gösterilmiştir. En yaygın semptomları ateş, kuru öksürük ve nefes darlığıdır. Hastalık ileri yaş ve komorbid hastalığı olan kişilerde şiddetli ve mortal seyredebilmektedir. Erkeklerde daha fazla fatalite hızı gösterilmiştir. Fatalite hızı dünya genelinde %2-3 olarak değişmektedir. Yaş arttıkça fatalite hızı artmaktadır. Rutin BCG aşısı politikasının mortaliteyi azalttığı düşünülmektedir. Teşhis olası vakalarda virüsün solunum sekresyonlarında özel moleküler testlerle gösterilmesi ile konur. Klinik şüphe varlığında tedavi planlamasında akciğer grafisi ve bilgisayarlı tomografi gibi görüntüleme yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Esas olarak destekleyii ve ampirik tedavi uygulanmakta olup spesifik tedavisi ve aşısı henüz yoktur. İnsanların temasının azaltılması, kesin ve şüpheli vakaların izolasyonu ve bulaştan korunmak için kişisel koruyucu ekipmanların etkin kullanımı salgın ile mücadelede çok büyük öneme sahiptir.

Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are actions apart from getting vaccinated and medications, in order to promote deceleration of the spread of illness among people and communities during pandemic. In this article, we aim to examine NPIs applied in Turkey and worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of the NPIs such as isolation, quarantine, and contact tracing were maintained with updates of the Ministry of Health guidelines in Turkey. Some NPIs including travel and partial or full curfew mobilization restrictions were set in accordance with the various periods by the number of cases. Periods of restrictions at autumn 2021 to summer 2022 are national partial curfews, national extended curfews, local decision-making phase, revised local decision-making phase, partial lockdown, full lockdown and gradual normalization. Mitigation and suppression have been implemented in Turkey with restrictions of varying severity throughout the course of the epidemic. It is seen that the restrictions implemented in Turkey contributed to the flattening of the epidemic curve. Even some countries mainly applied the suppression method, and others applied the mitigation method, in general, it is seen that similar methods were applied with different weights. Examples of different countries demonstrated that NPIs are effective for flattening epidemic curve. NPI have been the main instrument for a year and a half from the beginning of the epidemic to mid-2021 in Turkey as well as worldwide.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic can increase anxiety levels of children with chronic respiratory disease and their primary caregivers. Aims: To evaluate the anxiety of children with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and their families during COVID-19 pandemic Methods: A total of 29 patients and 105 healthy children and their mothers were included in this questionnaire-based study conducted via teleconference. Their demographic characteristics, clinical information, and information about caregivers’ exercise at home during pandemic were recorded. State and trait anxiety levels of children’s and mothers’ were evaluated and compared between two groups. The anxiety levels of patients’ mothers were evaluated according to the children’s clinical features. Mothers’ knowledge about COVID-19 was evaluated, and the effect of teleconference on their anxiety was assessed. Results: The median age of patients was 13 years. State anxiety of children in patients aged 13–18 years and trait anxiety levels of their mothers were lower than control group (P Conclusions: Children with PCD were less anxious than healthy children during pandemic, and their mothers exhibited lower trait anxiety than healthy children’s mothers. Obtaining information about COVID-19 and exercising during pandemic may have decreased anxiety levels of PCD patients’ mothers.

We aim to evaluate the anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. Caregivers of 31 children with tracheostomy and 105 healthy children (control group) were included. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered via teleconference in order to investigate how participants describe how they feel at a particular moment (State) and how they generally feel (Trait). The trait anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy were significantly higher ( P = .02). Their state anxiety levels were similar. The state and trait anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy correlated ( r = 0.70, P < .001). At the end of the teleconference, caregivers of children with tracheostomy experienced greater anxiety relief than controls ( P < .001). Trait anxiety scores were higher among caregivers of children with tracheostomy, but their state anxiety levels were comparable to those of controls. Caregivers with high trait anxiety also exhibited high state anxiety. Informing caregivers of children with tracheostomy about COVID-19 via teleconference can reduce their anxiety during such stressful times.

The Covid-19 outbreak that emerged in the world at the end of 2019 turned into a pandemic by affecting the whole world at the beginning of 2020. Measures such as domestic / international travel restrictions, curfew, quarantine implementation, closure of schools / universities, and closure of some workplaces against the Covid-19 pandemic have changed the daily life routines of many people in the world. The mitigation of these measures has been considered due to their social and economic adverse effects. Maintaining the basic principles such as the use of masks, compliance with the social distance rules, paying attention to personal hygiene, and continuing with limited life is almost a new normal. Therefore, normalization processes have started in the countries. © Copyright 2021 by Gazi University Medical Faculty - Available on-line at web site http://medicaljournal.gazi.edu.tr/

According to the Afghanistan Ministry of Health, 3.5 million people use drugs, 2.4 million of which are regular users. In this cross-sectional study, it was aimed to determine epidemiological characteristics of addicts in a treatment center in Kabul. Eight hundred people were included. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 22.0. The average age was 30.74 years, 88.9% were male, and 50.6% were married. Further, 35.9% have never been trained, 60.5% of participants were living in urban areas, 62.8% were refugees, 17.5% were unemployed, and 30.3% of them had monthly income below 147.1 USD. The average age of starting substance use was 19.9 years. "Friendship environment" was the leading reason to start (36.6%), followed by "reduce troubles" with 22.3%. The most preferred substance was cannabis (46.0%), followed by opium (25.3%) and heroin (17.0%). Heroin was the most commonly used substance lifelong (87.1%), followed by cannabis (66.3%) and opium (65.5%). When compared to individuals younger than 18, heroin use rates were 3.52 times higher in the 18-to-30 age range, 5.49 times higher in the 31-to-45 age range, and 1.86 times higher in urban residents than rural. Cannabis use was 12.24 times more among men than women, 2.79 times higher among divorced or widowed individuals than singles, 1.68 times higher among refugees than non-refugees, and 2.26 times higher among drug traffickers than non-traffickers. Opium use was 1.63 times higher for refugees than non-refugees and 3.24 times higher in those who worked in drug fields than those who did not. Periodic assessment of prevalence of drug use and the establishment of drug use monitoring systems are recommended.

Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence of LBP and related factors in over 18-year-olds. Materials and Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study involving individuals over 18 years of age with any complaints in the period from May 2015-June 2016 at different hospitals. The research data were evaluated by the SPSS 15.0 statistical package program. Descriptive statistics were presented as mean (+/-) standard deviation, median (min, max), frequency distribution, and percentage. Pearson's Chi-square test, Yates corrected Chi-square test, and Fisher's test were used as statistical methods. Statistical significance was accepted as P < 0.05. Results: A total of 5,989 people admitted during that period and 50% unknown frequency were taken to reach 1715 subject persons with 2% deviation and 95% confidence interval which reached 1720. The sociodemographic status, occupational conditions, the frequency of low back pain, and risk factors have been evaluated. Around 92.9% of individuals of 65 years of age and older have lifelong LPB while 57.1% have present LBP. The difference was statistically significant for "the satisfaction of working people" and "individuals working more than 41 h a week." (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Low back pain is still a serious problem that can be avoided by ensuring optimal working conditions and a healthier life.

Background We aimed to evaluate anxiety among children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their mothers related to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods A total of 45 patients with CF and their mothers were enrolled in the study together with 90 age‐matched healthy children and their mothers as a control group. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered by teleconference with children aged 13–18 years old and their mothers. The STAI for children was administered with children aged 9–12 years. Results were compared with age‐matched healthy children and their mothers. The relationship between anxiety scores of children with CF and their mothers was evaluated by comparing with clinical data of children with CF. At the conclusion of the teleconference, mothers were asked whether their anxiety had changed as a result of the interview. Results It was found that healthy children aged 13–18 years had higher state anxiety scores than age‐matched children with CF. Mothers of children with CF had higher trait anxiety scores, especially those of children aged 0–12 years, than mothers of healthy children (p

A new type of coronavirus caused a serious public health crisis in early 2020 and virus started to spread rapidly and required serious preventions. Understanding and implementing these preventions may be insufficient in some vulnerable groups. The migrants is one of these groups. Migrants may not be able to adequately understand the suggestions expected to reach the public due to language differences. Some negative living conditions brought by the migration process may make it difficult for them to implement these preventions adequately. Also such as socioeconomic level and legal status can restrict migrants access to healthcare. Especially with regard to infectious diseases and epidemics that require rapid intervention, immigrants' disregard may prevent the measures from achieving their intended purpose. Therefore, immigrant groups should be included in the intervention plans and health strategies of the states. immigrants should be made part of the holistic efforts against the COVID-19 epidemic in the general community. It should be ensured that all measures can be taken and implemented for immigrants, regardless of their status and inclusion.

Turkey is one of the countries which have taken precautions against the COVID-19. The precautions taken brought the first case in our country to be seen later than many countries and to spread the epidemic less. After the first COVID-19 case was detected in our country on March 11, 2020, the four periods of 14 days have been examined separately about the course of the epidemic and the public health interventions implemented in these periods. And the results it has generated between the periods have been evaluated. The steady decline in case of increase shows we have controlled the epidemic.

In outbreaks, human behavioral responses have been shown to affect social outcomes. For emergency intervention, it is important to integrate approaches and interventions based on public science. The perception and implementation of interventions by the community is closely related to the level of health literacy of individuals. In this review, individual behavior models and effective factors were examined in outbreaks. During the epidemic, the effect of health literacy was mentioned in the success of crisis communication., Salgınlarda, insanların davranışsal tepkilerinin toplumsal sonuçları etkilediği görülmüştür. Acil müdahale için toplum bilimlerine dayalı yaklaşımları ve müdahaleleri entegre etmek önemlidir. Müdahalelerin toplum tarafından algılanması ve uygulanması ise bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi ile yakından ilişkilidir. Bu derlemede salgınlarda birey davranış modelleri ve etkili faktörler incelenmiştir. Salgın esnasında uygulana kriz iletişiminin başarısında sağlık okuryazarlığının etkisine değinilmiştir.

Cannabis is the most prevalent illicit drug used in the world. We aimed to determine prevalence and some characteristics of cannabis use in Turkey. The study was based on a cross-sectional survey conducted with a nationally representative sample of 8045 individuals with in-house interviews. The life-time prevalence of substance use was found as 2.8%. Cannabis with 0.7% life-time prevalence, was the most commonly used substance. Cannabis users were concerned about some adverse outcomes such as anxiety with withdrawal (14%), losing control about using the drug (14%), daily performance problems (10.9%) and problems about interpersonal violence (6.9%). 35.1% of them wanted to quit and 18% regretted using cannabis. Prevalence of cannabis use is lower in Turkey compared with most of the other countries in the world. Nevertheless, it is a significant health concern. Identifying characteristics and attitudes related with cannabis use may help to improve policies about protective measures.

Introduction Although substance use has increased in recent years in Turkey, it is still lower than in other European countries. Turkey is home to the largest Syrian refugee population. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and substance use among local people living in city centers and refugees living in refugee camps in Sanliurfa. Methods The study was based on a cross-sectional epidemiologic survey conducted with a total of 6041 people, 4040 (67%) from camps and 2001 (33%) from districts. Face-to-face interviews were accompanied by local interviewers or interpreters who spoke Arabic, and a survey form used in our country for drug addiction screening was used. According to the number of samples selected, households with proportional distribution were chosen from the districts, which were selected from the address based from Turkish Statistical Institute. In the refugee camps, interviews were conducted in tents selected using a random numbers table according to the number of samples. Results The lifetime prevalence of tobacco use was 22.3% (n=902) in the camps, whereas in the districts this rate was 33.5% (n=670). The lifetime prevalence of alcohol use was found as 0.2% in the camps and 3.5% in the districts. The lifetime prevalence of substance use was found as 2.6% in the camps and 4.3% in the districts. The most commonly used substance type was cannabis. Some 45.7% of the people who used a substance in the camps were male and 54.3% were female. In districts, these rates were 64.4% and 35.6%, respectively. Conclusion Alcohol and substance use rates are low in Turkey compared with most countries in the world. Substance use in the city center is higher than in refugee camps in Sanliurfa. Substance use is a significant mental health problem that concerns every community including refugees. Identifying characteristics and attitudes related to substance use may help to improve policies regarding protective measures.

Amaç: Çalışma, Ankara'da özel bir eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezinde tedavi gören serebral palsi (SP) tanılı çocuğa sahip olan ailelerde sağlık okuryazarlığının (SOY) incelenmesi için amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya X Özel Eğitim ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezinde tedavi gören, SP’li çocuğa sahip 200 ebeveyn dâhil edildi. Bu bireylere, Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-32 ve 49 soruluk anket uygulandı. Araştırma, SPSS 15,0 programıyla analiz edildi. Sonuçlar: SP’li çocuğa sahip ailelerde yetersiz - sınırlı SOY düzeyi %64 olarak bulundu. SP’li çocuklara bakım verenlerin anneler olması SOY’da anneleri ön plana çıkarmıştır. Tartışma: SOY düzeylerinin artırılması ebeveynlerin bakım verme bilincini, çocuğun sağlık düzeyini artıracağı için önemlidir.

The Safe Sampling Cabinet will be used to safely take the respiratory tract samples of patients who have the possibility of being infected due to Covid19 Pandemic or similar reasons;to take samples from a cabinet in positive pressure by filtering and ventilating in the operating theater hygiene class without transmitting the infection to health care professionals and to keep the areas with potential patients in the negative pressure and prevent infection By filtering and discharging the air exhausted from the negative pressure division where the patient is present;it is aimed to prevent infection in open or closed areas Furthermore, the units in the form of mobile cabinets have been designed and implemented to keep / quarantine the patients;who have positive test results or those waiting for the test results in crowded areas such as airports, shopping malls;in clean cabinets with negative atmospheric pressure (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] G�venli Numune Alma Kabini Covid19 Pandemisi veya benzer nedenler ile, enfekte olma ihtimali bulunan hastalar?n solunum yolu test numunelerinin g�venli bi�imde al?nmas?;enfeksiyonu sa?l?k �al??anlar?na bula?t?rmadan, ameliyathane temizlik s?n?f?nda filtrelendirilip, havaland?r?larak, pozitif bas?n�taki bir kabinden, numune al?nmas? ve potansiyel hastalar?n bulundu?u alanlar? ise negatif bas?n�ta tutarak bula?? engellemek i�in kullan?lacakt?r Hastan?n bulundu?u Negatif bas?n�taki b�l�m�nden egzost edilen hayay? da filtre ederek tahliye etmek sureti ile, a�?k veya kapal? alanlarda bula?? engellemek ama�lanm??t?r Ayr?ca;Havaalanlar?, AVM�ler vb insanlar?n kalabal?k oldu?u alanlarda, test sonucu bekleyen veya testi pozitif �?kan hastalar?n, Negatif atmosfer bas?n�l? temiz kabinlerde bekletilmesi / karantinaya al?nmas? i�in mobil kabinler bi�imindeki �nitelerin tasar?m? ve uygulamas? yap?lm??t?r (Turkish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Gazi Medical Journal is the property of Gazi Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )

WOS: 000482459400001 PubMed ID: 31429629 Introduction: It was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two tea tree oil (TTO)-based cleansing gels in chronic blepharitis patients. Methods: Group-1 (basic gel containing 3%(w/w)-TTO) included 50 eyes of 25 patients and group-2 (advanced gel containing 3%(w/w)-TTO plus essential oils and vitamins) included 48 eyes of 24 patients. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear breakup time (TBUT), ocular surface staining pattern, Schirmer's test, impression cytology, Demodex presence and TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta levels were evaluated at the first visit and 1 month after treatment. Results: In both groups, the mean OSDI score decreased (p1:0.001, p2:0.001), TBUT increased (p1:0.002, p2:0.004). In group-1, Demodex presence decreased from 42% to 27.8%; in group-2 from 54.2% to 20.6% (p1:0.302, p2:0.004). IL-1 beta and IL-6 decreased in group-2 (p1:0.002, p2:0.050). TNF-alpha decreased in both groups (p1:0.001, p2:0.001). Conclusion: Both formulations improved ocular surface parameters. Group 2 showed more reduction in tear cytokines and Demodex count.

INTRODUCTION The aim of the current study is to determine prevalence ratios of tobacco, alcohol, substance use and drug misuse in a large scale sample of general population and recognize related socio-demographic factors. METHODS The study was based on a cross-sectional survey conducted with a nationally representative sample of 8045 individuals with face-to-face, in-house interviews implemented by a trained team of interviewers. RESULTS Life-time prevalences of tobacco, alcohol, substance use and drug misuse are 51.8%, 28.3%, 2.8% and 10.5% respectively. Age, gender, education level and marital status are important socio-demographic determinants for tobacco, alcohol use and drug misuse. Income level is an important determinant for alcohol and substance use. CONCLUSION Tobacco, alcohol, substance use and drug misuse are significant health concerns in Turkey. Socio-demographic status is an important determinant of several aspects of tobacco, alcohol, substance use and drug misuse and should therefore be evaluated carefully to develop effective protective and preventive strategies.

Aims. Information on high risk drug use in Turkey particularly at the regional level is lacking. The present analysis aims at estimating high risk cannabis (HRCU) and high risk opiate use (HROU) in the cities of Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir. Design and Methods. Capture-recapture (CRC) and multiplier methods (MM) were applied based on treatment and police data stratified by age and gender in the years 2009 and 2010. Case definitions refer to ICD-10 cannabis (F.12) and opiate (F.11) disorder diagnoses from out- and inpatient treatment records and illegal possession of these drugs as recorded by the police. Results. HRCU was estimated at 28,500 (8.5 per 1,000; 95%-CI: 7.3-10.3) and 33,400 (11.9 per 1,000; 95%-CI: 10.7-13.5) in Ankara and Izmir, respectively. Using multipliers based on CRC estimates for Izmir, HRCU in Istanbul was estimated up to 166,000 (18.0 per 1,000; range: 2.8-18.0). CRC estimates of HROU resulted in 4,800 (1.4 per 1,000; 95% CI: 0.9-1.9) in Ankara and multipliers based on these gave estimates up to 20,000 (2.2 per 1,000; range: 0.9-1-7) in Istanbul. HROU in Izmir was not estimated due to the low absolute numbers of opiate users. Discussion and Conclusions. While HRCU prevalence in both Ankara and Izmir was considerably lower in comparison to an estimate for Berlin, the rate for Istanbul was only slightly lower. Compared to the majority of European cities HROU in these three Turkish cities may be considered rather low.

Background: Mental problems are common among medical school students, and these problems affect social and academic functionality. It was aimed to determine depression, stress and burnout levels of medical school students in a university which constitutes 3.25% of the all medical students in Turkey. Methods: 1306 students studying in all classes at Gazi University Faculty of Medicine participated in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic data form, CES-Depression Scale (CES-D), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Scale (MBI-SS) were applied to the participants. Results: The mean score of the MBI-SS exhaustion subscale was 15.6, cynicism was 10.4, and the efficacy subscale was 11.7. The mean score of CES- D was 21.2 and PSS was 28.3. The prevalence of depression was estimated as 64.2%. Female participants showed higher scores in PSS, but lower scores in cynicism and efficacy. For exhaustion and cynicism, 1st graders’ scores were significantly lower than all the others. For efficacy, 4th graders’ scores were significantly lower than 1st and 6th graders’. In CES-D; the 4th graders’ scores were significantly higher than the 1st and 3rd graders’. In PSS; 4th graders’ scores were significantly higher than 1sts. Conclusion: Stress, burnout, and depressive symptoms are high in medical students, especially in 4th graders and female students. It is considered to be important to raise awareness and plan preventive services on this issue.

WOS: 000378779800006, PubMed ID: 26975454, The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of crizotinib on visceral organs in an experimental rat model. Eighteen Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: experimental toxicity was induced with crizotinib (10 mg/kg) administered for 28 days (Group 1), 42 days (Group 2) orally by gavage. Control group received only distilled water. Rats in Group 1 and Group 2 were sacrificed after the collection of blood and tissue samples on the 28th and 42nd days, respectively. Subjects in Group 1 and Group 2 had abnormal histology mainly in lung and liver. There were intraalveolar hemorrhage in lungs; mild portal inflammation, perivenular focal and confluent necrosis in liver; inflammatory reaction in renal pelvis and periureteral areas, and focal pancreatitis in pancreas. This study is the first to evaluate the histopathological features of toxicity of crizotinib in a rat model.

This prospective observational study sought to investigate the incidence of intraoperative pain (IOP) among emergency endodontic patients and to construct an IOP prediction model that includes preoperative pain level (PPL). All patients who underwent emergency endodontic treatment at Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, during the spring term of 2016 were considered for inclusion in the study. Demographic and clinical variables and PPL were recorded. Local anesthesia was provided to all patients before beginning routine endodontic treatment. IOP was defined as the condition of requiring supplementary anesthesia before the working length was established and exhibiting persistent moderate or severe pain despite supplementary anesthesia. Data from 85% and 15% of 435 patients (178 men, 257 women; mean age: 35 years) were used to develop predictive models by multiple logistic regression analysis and to test external validity of the models, respectively. Two multiple logistic regression models achieved good model fits. Model 1 included age, pulpal diagnosis, and arc (p < 0.05). In addition to these variables, Model 2 included periapical diagnosis and PPL (p < 0.15). Models 1 and 2 showed accuracies of 0.76 and 0.75, sensitivities of 0.74 and 0.77, and specificities of 0.76 and 0.74, respectively for the modeling data (internal validity), and accuracies of 0.82 and 0.80, sensitivities of 0.83 and 0.67, and specificities of 0.81 and 0.81, respectively for the control data (external validity). The IOP incidence was 10.3%. IOP in patients undergoing emergency endodontic treatment can be successfully predicted by using models that account for demographic and clinical variables, including PPL.

Objective: In this study we aimed to evaluate factors affecting the length of hospitalization for patients who were hospitalized into Gazi University Hospital Psychiatric Ward in year 2015. Methods: Quantitative data analysis was executed using software program SPSS 21.0, descriptive values were given such as frequency, percent, mean +/- standard deviation. A Pearson's chi-square test was used for cathegorical variables, a Mann-Whitney U test and a Kruskal Wallis Test was used in independent groups lacking normal distribution. Hospital stay time and treatment costs predictions of different features were assessed with logistic regression. The relationship between variables was measured using Spearman's correlation test. Statistical significance level was set as p

Background Erythrasma is a superficial skin infection caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum. Interdigital erythrasma is the most common form and is easily confused with tinea pedis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of interdigital erythrasma in patients with clinically suspected tinea pedis. Methods This study was performed between January 1, 2011, and January 31, 2012. It included 182 patients who presented with concerns about interdigital lesions. All of the patients were examined with a Wood's lamp, and smears were stained with Gram's method. Direct examination with 20% potassium hydroxide was performed. Results Of 182 patients with interdigital lesions, 73 (40.1%) were diagnosed as having erythrasma. The mean ± SD age of the patients with erythrasma was 45.52 ± 10.83 years (range, 22–70 years). Most of the patients with erythrasma were women (56.2%). The most often clinical finding was desquamation. Using only Wood's lamp examination or Gram's staining resulted in 31 (42.5%) or 14 (19.2%) positive patients, respectively. Using Wood's lamp examination and Gram's staining concurrently resulted in 28 positive patients (38.4%). Conclusions Interdigital erythrasma is a common condition and can be difficult to differentiate from tinea pedis. Simple and rapid diagnosis can be made with Wood's lamp examination, but Gram's staining is also a useful method, especially in patients with negative Wood's lamp examination findings.

Background Vestibular migraine (VM) is one of the most common underdiagnosed disorders. We aimed to study the clinical characteristics of VM patients who were referred to a neurology-headache unit by otolaryngology after exclusion of peripheral causes of vertigo. Methods One hundred and one patients diagnosed with VM in the headache unit were included. Description of vestibular symptoms, demographic and clinical features, trigger factors, accompanying diseases, and response to vestibular-suppressant medications and prophylactic migraine treatment were evaluated. Results Vestibular symptoms were triggered by daily head and body movements and mainly consisted of brief attacks lasting seconds (60.4% of patients) although the total duration of the vestibular episode lasted hours or days. Other aggravating factors were moving visual stimuli, passive motion, and visually busy environments. Visually induced vestibular symptoms were defined by 71.3% of the patients, and positional motion-induced vestibular symptoms were described by 82.2% of the patients. Vestibular symptoms were mainly defined as feeling the ground slipping from under their feet (40.6%), feeling like there is an earthquake or swaying (27.7%), sensation of rocking on a boat (26.7%), and sensation as if stepping on empty space (24.8%). The majority of the patients (83.2%) previously used vestibular-suppressant drugs, and these drugs were effective temporarily only in 12.9%. Conclusions Chronic recurrent dizziness symptoms, rather than internal or external vertigo, are predominant in our VM patients. Recurrent brief dizziness attacks induced upon routine visual and/or postural motion, longstanding symptoms with limited response to vestibular suppressants, and precipitation by typical migraine triggers are suggestive of VM.

Objectives: ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and BAD (Bipolar Affective Disorder) are two diseases that are frequently interrelated and there are difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. In this study, it was aimed to examine the prevalence of adult ADHD and its relationship with BAD. Methods: 1517 people attending primary health care services in Ankara were evaluated with sociodemographic data, Adult Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report (ASRS), and Bipolar Prodrome Symptom Scale (BPSS). Results: The prevalence of adult ADHD was 3.7%. The rate of the participants whose bipolar frequency score was above the cut-off point was 47.2% in the non-ADHD group and 70.4% in the ADHD group. These rates were 7.6% and 37.0% according to the bipolar severity scores, respectively. 14.5% of the ADHD group and 1.6% of the non-ADHD group had a forensic event (p

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the training materials of a shaken baby syndrome (SBS) prevention programme produced in Western Sydney, Australia, when used with parents in Turkey, and to evaluate the best timing for this training. In this intervention study, a total of 545 mothers, 39.8 per cent of whom were in the first 48 hours after birth (group 1), 43.1 per cent three to seven days after birth (group 2) and 17.1 per cent pregnant (group 3), were tested before and after watching the educational film, for evaluation of their perception, and knowledge of and attitudes towards SBS. The total points measuring the levels of knowledge of shaking hazards changed from an average of 5.0 ± 2.2 pre-intervention to 6.4 ± 1.7 post-intervention (p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the pre-test score, whereas in the post-test score group one was significantly lower than the other groups (p = 0.001). In conclusion, training using the SBS Prevention Program was useful for mothers; their level of knowledge about the dangers of shaking increased. Education given prior to the birth and three to seven days after the birth was found to be more useful than during the immediate postnatal period. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGES Training in the SBS Prevention Program was useful for mothers. Their level of knowledge about the dangers of shaking increased. Education given before birth and in the postnatal three to seven days was found to be more useful compared to that given in the immediate postnatal period.

Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a condition which may cause to serious health problems in the baby. SBS may be prevented by increasing awareness with giving education to parents especially in the early postnatal period. In shaken baby prevention programs, education is recommended to be given before the 2-4(th) month during which the frequency of crying is increased. It is important that education given in the early period is permanent until the period during which the frequency of crying is increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the persistency of the benefit of the SBS prevention program until the 2-4(th) month during which crying is intensified.This study is an interventional study. When the babies became 2-4 months old, a questionnaire which questioned the usefulness of education and the experiences with babies was applied to a group selected randomly among the mothers who received SBS prevention education during pregnancy or in the first 7 postnatal days (group A). The same questionnaire was applied to 143 mothers whose babies completed their first 2 months, who presented to the hospital for vaccination and who did not receive education about SBS as the control group (group B). The data were evaluated using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0 statistical analysis package program. Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee (30.12.2009, 2785).The rate of the mothers who stated "yes" to the sentence "babies occasionally cry" which was one of the main messages of the education was statistically significantly higher in group A compared to group B (p=0.001). The rate of the mothers who stated "I agree" to the sentence "battering is harmful for babies" was statistically significantly higher in group A compared to group B (p=0.001).Conclusively, it was found that SBS prevention program education was permanent until the 2-4(th) month.

This study uses the many-facet Rasch model to analyze the severity and leniency of raters of open-ended mathematic questions rated through standard rubrics and rubrics based on the SOLO taxonomy. The data source of the study was obtained from 104 eight grade students based on their responses to open-ended questions on mathematics-achievement test that was created by the researchers. The study’s participants were seven mathematics teachers who serving as raters in the research. The data collection instruments involved standard rubrics and rubrics based on the SOLO taxonomy. The collection of the data was performed in a few phases. In the first phase, the mathematics achievement test, which included open-ended questions, was administered to the students and evaluated by the raters. Then, raters scored students' responses to the open-ended questions using standard rubrics. Next, the raters scored the responses using rubrics based on the SOLO taxonomy. The data thus acquired were analyzed using the many-facet Rasch model. The study found that the raters' agreement was low, and that there were significant differences between raters in terms of severity and leniency when they used standard rubrics. When the ratings were done with rubrics based on SOLO taxonomy, the raters were consistent and their scoring severity and leniency were similar to each other., Bu araştırmada, standart ve SOLO taksonomisine dayalı rubrikler ile puanlanan açık uçlu matematik sorularında puanlayıcı katılığı ve cömertliğinin çok yüzeyli Rasch modeli ile incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın veri kaynağını, sekizinci sınıfa devam eden 104 öğrencinin araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen matematik başarı testindeki açık uçlu sorulara verdiği cevaplar oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada puanlayıcı olarak görev alan yedi matematik öğretmeni ise çalışmanın katılımcıları olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında, standart ve SOLO taksonomisine dayalı rubrikler kullanılmıştır. Verilerin toplanması birkaç aşamada gerçekleşmiştir. İlk aşamada açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan matematik başarı testi öğrencilere uygulanarak, puanlayıcıların değerlendirme yapacakları dokümanlar elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra puanlayıcılar, öğrencilerin açık uçlu matematik sorularına verdikleri cevapları standart rubrik kullanarak puanlamışlardır. Bu işlemin ardından SOLO taksonomisine dayalı rubrikler kullanılarak yapılan puanlamalara geçilmiştir. Açık uçlu matematik sorularına verilen cevapların standart ve SOLO taksonomisine dayalı rubrikler kullanılarak puanlanmasıyla elde edilen veriler çok yüzeyli Rasch modeline göre analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada; standart rubrikler kullanılarak yapılan puanlamalarda; puanlayıcılar arası uyumun düşük olduğu ve katılık/cömertlikleri yönüyle puanlayıcılar arasında anlamlı fark bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. SOLO taksonomisine dayalı rubriklerden yararlanılarak yapılan puanlamalarda ise puanlayıcılar arası uyumun yüksek olduğu ve puanlayıcıların benzer katılık/cömertlikte puanlama yaptıkları saptanmıştır.

Objectives: Psychiatric illnesses could cause disability due to their commonly occuring, tendency to recur and chronic character. Thence, psychiatric patients' treatment costs are high. In this study we aimed to evaluate treatment costs invoiced to the social security institution for patients who were hospitalized into Gazi University Hospital Psychiatric Ward in 2015. Method: Quantitative data analysis was executed using software program SPSS 21.0 descriptive values were given such as frequency, percent, mean +/- standard deviation. A Pearson Chisquare Test was used for cathegorical variables, a Mann-Whitney U Test and a Kruskal Wallis Test was used in independent groups lacking normal distribution. Results: There are 389 patients in the study. Schizophrenia (%38.8) was the mostly encountered disease in the patient group, followed by depression (%26.1) and bipolar disorder (%16). Among male patients schizophrenia (%47.6) patients was the most while depression (%31.8) patients was the most among female patients. Average cost per inpatient day was 120.4 TL (44.7 USD), average cost of hospitalization was 3181.0 TL (1182.6 USD). Average cost of hospitalization for men was 2922.0 TL, for women was 3495.3 TL (p = 0.005). Bipolar disorder hospitalization cost was the highest costing 3757.6 TL (1397,0 USD), alcohol and drug use disorder hospitalization cost was the least costing 1864.7 TL (693.2 USD) (p = 0.024). Depression disorders reduce 2.56 times, somatoform disorders 6.25 times reduces the cost of hospitalization than schizophrenia. Average cost per inpatient day in neurocognitive disorders costing 130.7 TL (48.5 USD) was the highest and in eating disorders was the least, costing 107.5 TL (39.9 USD). Conclusion: Payment package applications, as though they provide an ease of calculation, make it harder to discriminate which facility costs for how much. Not every patient is same thus none of their treatment costs could expected to be the same.

Bu arastirmada, ilkogretim 8. sinif ogrencilerinin geometrik ve cebirsel dusunme duzeyleri arasindaki iliskinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Bu amaca uygun olarak arastirma iliskisel tarama modeline gore duzenlenmistir. Arastirmada ogrencilerin geometrik dusunme duzeylerini belirlemek icin Usiskin (1982) tarafindan gelistirilen “geometrik dusunme testi” ve cebirsel dusunme duzeylerini belirlemek icin ise Altun (2005) tarafindan gelistirilen “cebirsel dusunme testi” kullanilmistir. Arastirma, Diyarbakir il merkezinde bulunan 8 farkli ilkogretim okulundan toplam 515 ogrenci uzerinde gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirmada ulasilan sonuclara gore, ilkogretim 8.sinif ogrencilerinin geometrik dusunme acisindan duzey-1 (gorsel duzey) seviyesinde yigildiklari saptanmistir. Cebirsel dusunme acisindan ise ogrencilerin duzey-0 seviyesinde yigildiklari tespit edilmistir. Arastirmada ayrica, ogrencilerin geometrik ve cebirsel dusunme duzeyleri arasinda pozitif yonde, orta duzeyde ve anlamli bir iliski belirlenmistir.

Objective: It is aimed to determine presence of HPV and HPV 16 by Real-Time PCR in cervical smears obtained from patients during colposcopic examination who had referred to outpatient clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics Department due to various complaints and to examine interrelation between positive test results and clinical data. Method: Sixty patients were included in the study who were referred to outpatient clinic due to vary complaints and who had been decided to undergo to colposcopic examination. DNA was obtained from each smear sample by phenol-chloroform-isoamylalcohol method. L1 region was replicated in amplification process using MY09/MY11 primers. Products for Nested Real time PCR were studied in Ligth Cycler equipment by GP5+/GP6+ primers and Cyanine-5 labeled HPV 16 DNA specific probe. Real time PCR products were undergone melting curve analysis by LigthCycler software version 3.5.3. HPV DNA positivity and HPV 16 positivity were determined at 78-82°C and 68°C, respectively. Results: No statistically significant difference could be detected between HPV positivity, HPV 16 in and types other than HPV 16 control group and patients with positive test result as a consequence of colposcopic examination. Again, no statistically significant difference could be detected between HPV positivity and status of parity, result of PAP test, marital status and age of patient. Conclusion: No statistically significant difference could be detected between HPV positivity, HPV 16 in and types other than HPV 16 control group and patients with positive test result as a consequence of colposcopic examination. Again, no statistically difference could be detected between HPV positivity and result of PAP smear test, marital status, age of patient and smoking but statistically significant difference could be detected between types other than HPV 16 and status of parity (respectively; χ2=0.821, p=0.365; χ2=0.752, p=0.564; χ2=0.364, p=0.834; χ2= 6.835, p=0.033).

This study aimed to investigate the awareness and practices of military medical students concerning occupational health and safety. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire composed of 20 open-and closed-ended questions was administered to medical students of the Gulhane Military Medical Faculty (n = 754). The response rate of the questionnaire was 82.4% (n = 622/754). The mean age of the participants was 21.5 +/- 1.84 years, and the majority of participants were male (94.1%). A substantial number of participants (41.1%) described their level of awareness and practice as "low/very low," although 95.0% and 76.7% of them had never acquired any occupational disease or had any work accidents, respectively. In total, 28.1% of all students had at least one vaccination, and 5th- and 6th-year students were 92 times and 63 times more likely to have been vaccinated than 1st-year students, respectively (odds ratio = 92.66, 95% confidence interval = 26.70-321.59; odds ratio = 63.01, 95% confidence interval = 17.96-221.01). The knowledge and practice level of medical students concerning occupational health and safety appeared to be increasing by the grades of medical faculty, however students expressed themselves as insufficient about their knowledge and practice level.

Cancer patients who start receiving chemotherapy have difficulty in understanding the state of their disease, the prognosis, and the purpose of treatment. We used a survey to evaluate the extent of perception of chemotherapy goal among cancer patients. Two hundred sixteen cancer patients who received chemotherapy for the first time participated in the study. The presence of depression and anxiety was assessed using the “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale” (HAD). The consistency between the patients’ perception of the chemotherapy goal and the physician’s perception was described as “right,” and the inconsistency was described as “wrong.” Among the patients who participated in the survey, 53.2 % (n = 115) were receiving adjuvant treatment and 46.8 % (n = 101) were receiving palliative treatment for metastatic disease. The rate of right and wrong perception of the chemotherapy goal was 51.9 % (n = 108) and 32.2 % (n = 67), respectively, and the rate of confused patients was 18.9 % (n = 41). The level of education was shown to be the only parameter involved in accurate perception of the treatment purpose (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.444, p = 0.025, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.219–0.903). In this study, there was a 51.9 % consistency between the physician’s perception and that of the patient regarding the purpose of treatment. We demonstrated that the level of education was the unique factor in accurate perception of chemotherapy goal among cancer patients.

Introduction: Tobacco use is an important public health problem around the world. Aim of this study is to assess attitudes,belief and observation of the students on smoking cessation and medical education.Methods: This study is part of a multi-country study called “Global Health Profession Student Survey”. The study population consisted of third year medical students in Turkey. The sample consisted of a total of 1834 medical students from randomly selected 12 medical schools.Results: Of the students, 1209 (92.1%)thought that health professionals should get specific training on cessation techniques, and that health professionals should serve as "role models" for their patients and the public. The percentage of the students who answered “Health professionals should routinely advise their patients who smoke to quit smoking” was 1211 (93.3%). Of the students, 1204 (60.8%) responded that health professionals who use other tobacco products were less likely to advise patients to stop smoking. The percentage of the students who had received a formal training on smoking cessation approaches was 48.2% (1196). Of the students, 91.5% (1203) had heard of nicotine replacement therapies in tobacco cessation programs. More than half of smokers tried to quit smoking last year, and majority of them did not take professional help or advice.Conclusions: Majority of students are aware of health professionals’ role on smoking cessation. Most of the students are willingness to take specific formal training on tobacco. Student’s behaviours and attitudes were different by gender and smoking status. Improvement of tobacco cessation issues in medical curricula will be beneficial. Keywords: Attitudes; Beliefs; Medical education; Medical students; Smoking cessation. | PubMed

Objective: According to the statistics of the Social Security Institution, 18672 occupational accidents occurred in the metal industry in 2008 in Turkey. Whereas 78 of these accidents resulted in death, 252 people became permanently incapable of working. In 2008, 369677 working days were lost as a result of occupational accidents. Evaluating the reasons for and the results of accidents in the metal industry and contributing to the development of recommendations for prevention in accordance with the information obtained. Method: The study was conducted with 201 of 210 workers working in heavy metal manufacturing and construction in the building company between April 2008 and June 2008. Results: The frequency of occupational accidents among the metal workers was 22% between January 2007 and June 2008. The reasons for the workers’ accidents are listed as; insufficient use of personal protective equipment (44%), carelessness (37%), and personal reasons, not to be taken of security measures at machines and looms/ unsuitable machines (both 17%).Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the accidents mostly occur because of failure to use of personal protective equipment, insufficient vocational training., Amaç: 2008 yılında Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu’nun verilerine göre metal sanayisinde 18672 iş kazası meydana gelmiş ve 369677 işgünü kaybı olmuştur. Bu kazalardan 78 tanesi ölümle sonuçlanırken, 252 kişi kalıcı olarak işgöremez hale gelmiştir. Metal sanayisinde meydana gelen kazaların sebep ve sonuçlarını inceleyerek, elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda kazaların önlenmesine yönelik tavsiyelerin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma, Ankara’da faaliyet gösteren ağır metal imalat, konstrüksiyon ve inşaat sanayi şirketinde 2008 Nisan-2008 Haziran döneminde çalışan 210 işçinin 201’ine anket uygulanmasıyla yürütülmüştür. Bulgular: Ocak 2007 ve Haziran 2008 tarihleri arasında metal işçilerinin iş kazası sıklığı %22 bulunmuştur. İş kazalarının nedenleri olarak yetersiz kişsel koruyucu ekipman kullanımı (%44), dikkatsizlik (%37), kişisel nedenler (%17) ile makine ve tezgahlarda güvenlik önlemlerinin alınmaması/makinelerin uygun olmaması (%17) belirtilmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışma, iş kazalarının çoğunlukla kişisel koruyucu ekipmanın kullanımındaki eksiklikten ve yetersiz mesleki eğitimden kaynaklandığını ortaya koymuştur

For analyzing the changes in immunoglobulins, HSP70, ghrelin levels in blood samples were collected from volunteers vaccinated against swine flu before the vaccinations and on days 3, and 15, and 1 and 2 months after the vaccination in the presence or absence of fever associated with the it. The study included 11 subjects having developed a fever, and 13 subjects not having a fever, and 20 control subjects. Immunoglobulins were measured by nephelometry, and HSP70 and ghrelins by appropriate ELISA tests. The level of ghrelin was reduced, while the level of HSP70 was significantly increased in subjects who developed fevers. When temperatures were normalized, both levels were found similar to the control group. These results indicate that the increase in serum immunoglobulins levels associated with vaccinations, along with, elevations in HSP70 and reduced ghrelin levels associated with fever, may be the important parameters in the clinical evaluation and follow-up of treatments with vaccines.

Background: The aim of this study was to establish the frequencies of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among healthy children aged 1–16 years and also to determine the factors affecting the levels of vitamin D in Turkey. Methods: A total of 849 healthy individuals whose ages ranged from 1 to 16 years were included in the study. Serum 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase l levels were measured at the end of the winter period. The approximate daily calcium intake was calculated by using a 1-week diet history. Results: We determined that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ( 8-year-old age group (

Amac : 112 acil saglik hizmetleri calisanlarinda, yogun calismalari, her an nasil bir goreve cikacaklarini bilememenin tedirginligi icinde olmalari, ilk olay ani ve olayin heyecanin verdigi sebeplerle tukenmislik ve memnuniyetsizlik artmakta ve calisanlarin motivasyonlari dusmektedir. Calismada, 112 ASH (Acil Saglik Hizmeti) istasyonlarinda calisan personelin calisma kosullarinin belirlenmesi, is memnuniyetlerinin degerlendirilmesi, karsilastiklari olumsuzluklarin saptanmasi ve bu olumsuzluklarin giderilmesi icin yapilacak calismalara yonelik bilgi saglamak amaclanmistir. Yontemler : Arastirma, Ankara’da 112 ASH istasyonlarinda calisan personele yapilmis tanimlayici tipte bir arastirmadir. Gelistirilen anket formu 2009 yili ikinci yarisinda, 510 kisiye, yuz-yuze gorusulerek uygulanmistir. Katilim orani yaklasik olarak yari-yariyadir. Veriler ortalama(±)standart sapma, frekans dagilimi yuzde olarak sunulmustur. Istatistiksel analizde Varyans analizi ve t-testi kullanilmistir. Bulgular : Arastirmaya katilanlarin %57.3’u kadin, %42.7’si erkektir. Calisanlarin %8.4’u doktor, %36.5’i diger saglik personeli, %17.1’i paramedik, %28.2’si ATT (Acil Tip Teknisyeni), %9.8’i memur ve sofordur. 112 ASH calisanlarinin isin kendisi ile ilgili memnuniyetleri sosyodemografik durumlarina gore degisiklik gostermektedir. Evli olanlar bekârlara gore daha memnundur. Calisma sureleri incelendiginde en memnun grup 1-3 yil arasi calisanlar iken en az memnun grubu 10 yil ve uzeri calisanlar olusturmaktadir. Isin sosyal boyutu ile ilgili en memnun grup; geliri 1001 TL uzeri olan grup iken en memnuniyetsiz grup; kaza ya da hastaliga maruz kalma sonucu is goremez raporu alan gruptur. Sonuc : ASH calisanlarinin, calisma kosullarinin izlenmesi ile is memnuniyetini dusuren etmenlerin belirlenerek giderilmesine calisilmalidir. Fazla calisma, fiziksel ortamlarinin kotu olmasi, sosyal olanaklarin kisitli olmasi vb kolaylikla duzenlenebilecek konular yonetime aktarilip cozum uretilemeye calisilmalidir. Bundan sonraki calismalarin is doyumunu arttirici girisimlere yonelik olarak planlanmasi onerilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Acil saglik hizmetleri calisanlari, memnuniyet, calisma kosullari Evaluation of the Working Conditions and Work Satisfaction of the Ankara 112 Emergency Medical Staff Objective : The 112 emergency medical services’ workers experience a decrease in motivation and an increase in burnout and dissatisfaction due to the hard working conditions, uneasiness of the unpredictable cases, the first moments and the excitement of the event. The aims of this study are evaluation of job satisfaction, determination of working conditions and problems of the personnel working in 112 emergency medical services (EMS) station and provision of information for studies attempting to eliminate the problems. Methods : This is a descriptive study applied to personnel working in 112 EMS (emergency medical service) in Ankara, The questionnaire was applied to 510 people with face-to-face interviews in the second half of the year 2009. The participation rate was approximately 50%. Data is represented as mean±SD, frequency distribution. Analysis of variance and t-test is used in statistical analysis. Results : 57.3% of the participants are female and 42.7% male. 8.4% of the workers are physicians, 36.5% other health personnel, 17.1% paramedics, 28.2% EMT (emergency medical technician), 9.8% medical officers and drivers. The satisfaction of the workers differs with socio-demographic status. Married people, when compared to singles, are more satisfied. When the employment period is analyzed, the most satisfied group is the worker group with a 1-3 years employment period and the least satisfied is the workers group with a 10-over years employment period. The most satisfied group regarding the social aspect of the work is the workers with 1001TL-over salary, while the least satisfied group is the workers reports for incapability to work because of an accident or illness. Conclusion : By monitoring working conditions of the 112 EMS workers, factors reducing job satisfaction should be determined and eliminated. Solutions should be developed by communicating with the managers about subjects such as hard work, inappropriate physical conditions, limited social facilities, which can be easily improved. Key Words: Emergency health employees, satisfaction, working conditions