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In this study, Ce/Cr redox flow battery system (RFB), which had redox pair indifferent oxidation states, was performed in aqueous acidic medium for thefirst time in the literature. At Ce/Cr RFB system, optimization of acid (H2SO4),and active ion (Cr(III) and Ce(III) ions) concentration were executed by usingdifferential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopymethods. The mass transfer type for positive electrolyte was determined byusing of cyclic voltammetric method. Both chemical stability and changes onsurface morphology of pencil graphite electrode were analyzed with scanningelectron microscope. Cyclic charge/discharge test was performed for this novelelectrolyte composition. Cell potential and the highest discharge capacityvalues were also determined as 1.52 V and 21.2 mAh L1, respectively, at0.8 mA cm2charge current density and 0.2 mA cm2discharge current den-sity. Obtained data in this work can open a new perspective for the using ofthe alternative redox couples for the redox flow batteries.

In this study, nitrogen doped graphene oxide(N-GO) and sulfur doped graphene oxide(S-GO) were produced in one step, and two of these prepared materials were converted into composite form with polyaniline(PANI). For the first time in the literature, triple composite electrode materials with two heteroatom doped graphene oxides and PANI were prepared for supercapacitors. In this context, heteroatom doped graphene oxides and PANI were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic methods. With the ternary composites formed, anode and cathode electrode materials for coin cell type supercapacitors in asymmetrical form were characterized by electrochemical methods. The capacitive behavior of the prepared supercapacitors was investigated by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) method. The change of capacitive behavior according to the number of cycles was determined by cyclic charge-discharge tests. With the electrode materials obtained with heteroatom doped graphene oxides/PANI composites, it reached the highest areal capacitance value of 79.7 mF.cm−2 at 10 mV.s−1 scan rate. The coin cell type asymmetric supercapacitors retained more than 100% of their initial specific capacitance at the end of the 1500 cycle.

Aim: Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is not common in female patients. It is seen in adult women 2.2 to 4 times less than men. The most common age range is between 10 and 40. To date, there has been no randomized or retrospective study in the literature representing the general characteristics of women-specific pilonidal sinus cases and the quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D) and body image questionnaire (BIQ) results. The purpose of this study is to show the general features, treatment principles and body image and quality of life (EQ-5D) survey results of the female pilonidal sinus cases. Material and Method: A retrospective clinical study was conducted with 29 women who were admitted to our clinic between June 2013 and May 2016 and treated with surgery by the pre-diagnosis of sacrococcygeal PSD. Patients received face-to-face body image questionnaire (BIQ) and quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D) at the 2nd postoperative week. Results: The mean age was 27.07±5.63 years. BIQ cosmetic and self-confidence scores differ significantly between at least two groups (p=0.042 and p=0.021, respectively) in the favor of primer midline closure (PMC) group. As a result of bilateral comparisons made for the BIQ cosmetic score, there was a significant difference between the Limberg-Z plasty and the Karydakis group (p=0.039). Conclusion: Female patients who underwent PMC had better satisfaction with the appearance of their scar. The treatment of female PSD with minimally invasive techniques and primary closure techniques seems to be the best option for the selected patients.

BACKGROUND Elastofibroma dorsi (ED) is a benign soft tissue tumour of the subscapular region of the chest wall. It is a frequent lesion, especially seen in females and in the elderly. It remains unclear whether the size or symptomatology of the tumour is important to make a resection decision. Our aim in this study is to reveal the results between asymptomatic or symptomatic ED cases, and to reveal which factors are important for making a resection decision. METHODS Patients operated between January 2010 and December 2019 were included in the study, and divided into two groups as patients who were asymptomatic or with various symptoms. Patients were evaluated in terms of demographic and operational factors. RESULTS The study included 57 patients with the average age of 56.1 ± 11.5 years. Whilst 31 (54.4%) of these patients were asymptomatic, 26 (45.6%) were symptomatic. There was a statistical significance between groups in terms of occupation (P

Objectives: The most common disease of anus is hemorrhoids. The definition of external hemorrhoids suggests the acute phase, often characterized by thrombosis or edema. External thrombosed hemorrhoid is a specific complication. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different platelet parameters in the presence of internal or external thrombosed hemorrhoids. Methods: Patients examined were divided into two groups: Group 1: Thrombosed hemorrhoids group (THG), Group 2: Hemorrhoidectomy group (HG). Demographic and clinical data were identified. In terms of laboratory findings, preoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit and all platelet parameters were recorded. Main results: Fifty-two patients in THG, and 75 patients in HG were included in the study. In female sex and young age group, the risk of developing thrombosed hemorrhoids was statistically significant (p= 0.029, p= 0.039, respectively). When the platelet parameters were evaluated; while PDW was higher in THG (p= 0.008), any significant difference could not found in all other values (p> 0.05). Thrombosed hemorrhoids were mostly (59.25%) found to be located in the left laterodorsal part of anus. Conclusion: Internal hemorrhoids are frequently seen in the ages of 45–65 with similar rates in both sexes, while external thrombosed hemorrhoids occur at a younger age ( 0,05). A maioria das hemorróidas trombosadas (59,25%) localizava-se na região lateral-dorsal esquerda do ânus. Conclusão: As hemorróidas internas são frequentemente vistas nas idades de 45 a 65 anos com taxas semelhantes em ambos os sexos, enquanto as hemorróidas externas trombosadas ocorrem em uma idade mais jovem (

Incisional hernia repair is a frequently performed operation worldwide. In this experimental study, our aim is to present the incisional hernia model after creating midline laparotomy and several type of defects on abdominal wall of the rats. Thereby, the method determined here may be used in future experimental incisional hernia repair studies. After approval, 32 male rats were randomly seperated into 4 groups of 8 animals each, and were operated to form an incisional hernia; Sham group, 5 cm incision group, 5 cm incision plus capitonnage group, and 5 cm incision plus 2 × 4 cm muscle excision group, respectively. On the 28th postoperative day after killing, the abdominal anterior wall of rats were removed for histopathological and biomechanic examination. The incisional hernia size was found to be statistically different in at least one group (p = 0.001). The incisional hernia size in Group 4 was found to be significantly higher than Group 2 (p = 0.001). When the tension and elongation values were examined, there was a difference in at least one group (p

Background: Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a benign chronic inflammatory breast disease that mimics breast cancer, and the etiopathogenesis has not yet been fully evaluated. Autoimmunity has received the most focus as a possible etiology. Our aim in this prospective clinical study was to investigate the possible association between the cytokines, interleukin IL-17, IL-22, IL-23 and IGM.Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted in 26 women with histopathologically diagnosed IGM, and 15 control women of reproductive age having no breast disease history. Blood samples were collected, and serum concentrations of IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 were determined.Results: In the analysis of variables, the patients with IGM and the control group had statistically significant differences between serum IL-22 titers (p = 0.0378) and IL-23 titers (p = 0.0469. No statistically significant difference was found between IGM patients and the control group in serum IL-17 titers (p = 0.9724).Conclusion: The results of the current study, especially pertaining to serum IL-22 and IL-23 levels, support the etiopathogenesis of IGM in favor of the autoinflammatory thesis. Nevertheless, this thesis should be supported by a large case number and prospective clinical studies.

Background: Hashimoto thyroiditis diagnosis is primarily established on clinical and laboratory findings; however, some hashimoto thyroiditis cases are euthyroid and seronegative. Moreover, these patients might also have normal conventional ultrasound findings. Aims: In our study, we aimed to distinguish the typical background characteristics of hashimoto thyroiditis using virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps obtained with acoustic radiation force impulse imaging. Methods: Our study consisted of 28 hashimoto thyroiditis patients without characteristics of ultrasound findings and 28 healthy subjects. The thyroid parenchymal tissue mechanical properties were analyzed with the virtual touch tissue imaging quantification after ultrasound examination, and then related colored maps were obtained. Shear wave velocities were recorded (m/s) from the homogenous area where hardest and softest points were closest to each other on virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps. The difference between the minimum and maximum shear wave velocities for each case (Δv) was calculated and recorded. Results: Assessment of virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps revealed a significant difference between hashimoto thyroiditis and control groups in terms of maximum SWV’s, but no significant difference was observed between the minimum shear wave velocities (p Δv values were taken into account. In summary, the effects of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis can be distinguished by simply using Δv on virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps. When the cut-off value of Δv was accepted 0.42, the diagnosis of hashimoto thyroiditis could be made with 88% accuracy. Conclusion: We suggest that shear wave velocities measurement on virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps is a promising method in equivocal hashimoto thyroiditis cases, in which the diagnosis of hashimoto thyroiditis is unachievable with clinical, laboratory and conventional ultrasound findings.

Synthesis of poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid-co-pyrrole) (p(APBA-co-Py)) is carried out potentiodynamically on a pre-passivated mild steel (MS) surface in an oxalic acid solution containing 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) and pyrrole (Py) monomers. The monomer feed ratio was determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and adhesion tests. The p(APBA-co-Py) coating is characterized by electrochemically and spectroscopically comparing with poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid) (p(APBA) and polypyrrole (p(Py) homopolymers. SERS, FTIR, XPS, scanning electron microscopy-wavelength dispersive X-ray and- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results indicate the presence of both APBA and Py segments in the p(APBA-co-Py) backbone. The protective properties of the coating are investigated by Tafel and EIS measurements in a 0.50 M HCl solution. The corrosion resistance of p(APBA-co-Py)-coated MS (66.8 Ω cm2) is higher than that of p(APBA)- and p(Py)-coated, passivated, and uncoated MS. The p(APBA-co-Py) coating embodies the advantageous features of both homopolymers. Py units in p(APBA-co-Py) chains improve the protective property while APBA units carrying the –B(OH)2 group develop the adhesive property of the layer. EIS results show that the p(APBA-co-Py) coating, due to its homogeneous and compact distribution and the formation of a stable interface, enhanced corrosion resistance of MS by 87.4% for 10 hours in HCl corrosive medium.

In this work, a novel aqueous electrolyte system consisting of cobalt and vanadium for redox flow battery was prepared to increase the cell voltage of the system for the first time in the literature. Electrolyte systems were characterized by using of cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine the effects of sulfuric acid and active ion concentration on the performance of the battery. Optimum sulfuric acid concentration was determined as 4.0 M for anolyte and catholyte. The effect of diffusion on mass transfer mechanism was higher than that of adsorption in each electrolyte of the flow battery system. Cyclic charge-discharge tests were carried out for the prepared novel electrolyte system. Discharge capacities of the electrolyte were determined as 430.1, 417.4, and 428.7 mAh for first cycle, second cycle, and third cycle, respectively. The cell potential of the redox flow battery in the electrolyte system during the charging process increased to 2.35 V which was also relatively higher than those of aqueous vanadium redox flow battery and aqueous iron flow battery. Obtained redox flow battery composition with its high cell potential can bring a new approach for the different application areas in the electrochemical energy storage.

OZET: Amac: Tiroidin iyi huylu ve kotu huylu hastaliklarinin ayirici tanisi, biyopsi ile tani konulmamis borderline malignite ve malignitelerde onemlidir. Bu calismada tiroid kanseri, noduler guatr ve tiroiditli hastalarda endokan molekul duzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Boylelikle tiroid hastaliklarinin ayirici tanisinda endokan molekulunun kullanilabilirliginin belirlenmesi amaclandi. Gerec ve Yontem: Calisma, 1 Mart 2018 ile 1 Agustos 2018 tarihleri arasinda gerceklestirildi. Bu sure icerisinde tiroid hastaligi nedeniyle ameliyat planlanip calismaya gonullu olarak katilmak isteyen hastalar calismaya dahil edildi. Prospektif, kesitsel bir klinik calisma tasarlandi. Calismaya dahil edilen hastalar patoloji raporu sonuclarina gore dort gruba ayrildi; Grup 1: Papiller tiroid kanseri (PTK), Grup 2: Tiroidit zemininde multinoduler guatr, Grup 3: Multinoduler guatr (MNG), Grup 4: Folikuler tiroid kanseri (FTK). Bulgular: Calismaya toplam 72 hasta dahil edildi. Dort grubu karsilastiran coklu analizde, gruplar arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir fark gorulmedi (p> 0,050). Benign ve malign hasta gruplari karsilastirildiginda endokan duzeyleri malign grupta istatistiksel olarak anlamli yuksek bulundu (p = 0,0375). Tiroid karsinom gruplari kendi aralarinda karsilastirildiginda endokan duzeyinin FTK'nde PTK'ne gore daha yuksek oldugu tespit edildi (p = 0,047). Sonuc: Malign tiroid hastaliklarinda “endokan” duzeyinin arttigi gozlendi. Bu ozellikle hematojen yolla yayilim gosteren FTK'nde daha fazlaydi. Bu, "endokan" molekulunun genel bir tumor belirteci olarak kullanilabilecegine dair cesaret verici bir isarettir. Bununla birlikte, genis randomize serilerle ileriye donuk ek calismalara ihtiyac vardir. ABSTRACT: Aim: The differential diagnosis of benign and malignant diseases of the thyroid is important in borderline malignancies and malignancies that have not been diagnosed with biopsy. This study aimed to determine endocan molecule levels in patients with thyroid cancer, nodular goiter and thyroiditis. Thus, it was aimed to determine the availability of the endocan molecule in the differential diagnosis of thyroid diseases. Material and Method: The study was conducted between March 1, 2018 and August 1, 2018. During this period, patients who were scheduled for surgery due to thyroid disease and wanted to participate in the study voluntarily were included in the study. A prospective, cross-sectional clinical trial was designed. Patients included in the study were divided into four groups, according to their pathology report results; Group 1: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), Group 2: Multinodular goiter on thyroiditis background, Group 3: Multinodular goiter (MNG), Group 4: Follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Results: A total of 72 patients were included in the study. Multiple analysis comparing the four groups, showed no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.050). When the benign and malignant patient groups were compared, endocan levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the malignant group (p=0.0375). When thyroid carcinoma groups were compared among themselves, the endocan level was detected to be higher in FTC, compared to PTC (p=0.047). Conclusion: The level of “endocan” was observed to increase in malignant thyroid diseases. This was particularly so in FTC, which shows spreading via the hematogenous route. This is an encouraging sign that the "endocan" molecule can be used as a general tumor marker. However, prospective additional studies with large randomized series are needed.

Objectives Obesity and related diseases have become one of the most important health problems in the modern age. In addition to its clinical use in the treatment of obesity, bariatric surgery reduces obesity-induced inflammation. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cheap and easily attainable inflammatory marker. The purpose of this study is to show the effect of bariatric surgery on NLR at preoperative and postoperative 3rd, 6th, and 12th months after SG. Methods 298 patients, who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in general surgery clinic between 2015 and 2017, were included in the study. We excluded the patients younger than 18 years old, and did not have any inflammatory, infectious, hematological, and comorbide diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, renal insufficiency, cancer, and respiratory problems like asthma, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. We evaluated the levels of NLR at preoperative and postoperative 3rd, 6th, and 12th months visits. Results There were a total of 298 adult patients (age: mean 38.6, minimum 18, maximum 69 years old). Of whom 247 were female (82.9%) and 51 were male (17.1%). We found that NLR levels decreased significantly at 3rd, 6th, and 12th month visits after SG (p Conclusions We concluded that NLR levels decrease after surgery in a proportional reduction in adipose tissue. The decrease in NLR levels may also be associated with the protective effects of sleeve gastrectomy against low-grade inflammation-related diseases.

BACKGROUND An incarcerated hernia is a part of the intestine or abdominal tissue that becomes trapped in the sac of a hernia. An increase in morbidity and mortality occurs after intestinal resections from strangulated hernias. This study aims to examine the markers that may be effective in determining the risk of small bowel resection due to incarcerated hernias. In particular, we aimed to investigate the effect s of blood lactate levels in determining this risk. METHODS A cross-sectional retrospective study was designed. Patients, whose preoperative diagnosis were reported as incarcerated hernia and had essential information, were included in this study. They were divided into two groups according to whether they had resection or not. Age, gender, hernia type, hernia side, resection material, blood lactate level (BLL), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil count (NE), lymphocyte count (LY), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet count (PLT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), radiologic bowel obstruction sign and comorbidities were evaluated. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients were included in this study. It was observed that 16 (23.9%) of these patients underwent small intestinal resection, 16 (23.9%) had an omentum resection, while no resection was performed on 35 (52.2%) patients. There was a statistically significant difference regarding radiologically intestinal obstruction (p=0.001), hernia type (p=0.005), BLL (p

In the present work, novel redox ion-pairs (as cobalt and chromium) have been used in aqueous medium for the first time in the literature as electrolyte component of redox flow battery system. The electrochemical performance of the Co(II) and Cr(III) redox species as anolyte and catholyte was investigated by cyclic charge-discharge tests, respectively. Electrochemical behaviors of Cr(III) solutions in sulfuric acid solution were determined by using differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry via a typical three-electrode system. Morphological analyses of surface of pencil graphite electrode, which was used as anode in differential pulse voltammetric analysis, were done by scanning electron microscopy. Discharge capacity of the battery system consisting of 1.0 M Cr(III) as anolyte (negative electrolyte) and 1.0 M of Co(II) as catholyte (positive electrolyte) in 4.0 M of sulfuric acid was determined as 682.5 mAh (1.4 Ah L-1) with 4 mA cm(-2) charge current density and 0.4 mA cm(-2) discharge current density. Voltage efficiency, energy efficiency and coulombic efficiency of the battery were 70.1%, 53.8% and 57.2%, respectively. The discharge cell potential of the battery was also determined as 1.40 V.

In this work, we aimed to prepare three different metallo phthalocyanine/functionalized-multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyaniline/pencil graphite electrode (MPc/f-MWCNT/PANI/PGE) modified electrodes with high specific capacitance, high energy and power densities, and long cycle life for supercapacitors. In this concept, ZnPc/f-MWCNT/PANI/PGE, CuPc/f-MWCNT/PANI/PGE, and NiPc/f-MWCNT/PANI/PGE electrode materials were prepared by electrochemical method. The surface and structural properties of the prepared electrodes were investigated with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic force microscope (AFM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and electrical conductivity analyses. The electrochemical properties of these electrode materials were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) analyses. The effects of preparation parameters and composite composition of the electrodes on electrochemical performance were investigated. The NiPc/f-MWCNT/PANI/PGE electrode has higher specific capacitance (325 F/g) than ZnPc/f-MWCNT/PANI/PGE (278 F/g), CuPc/f-MWCNT/PANI/PGE (282 F/g), f-MWCNT/PANI/PGE (162 F/g), and PANI/PGE (126 F/g) electrodes. In addition, all MPc/f-MWCNT/PANI/PGE electrodes have long-cycle life and maintained approximately 100% of its capacitance after 1000 charge-discharge cycles. As a result, the prepared MPc/f-MWCNT/PANI/PGE electrodes significantly removed the disadvantages of the components, and the synergistic effects between the components considerably improved supercapacitor performance of the electrodes.

BACKGROUND In most respects, the vast majority of pelvic injuries is not of a life-threatening status, but co-presence of other injuries needs to be diagnosed. This study aims to evaluate associated pelvic and extra-pelvic visceral organ injuries of the patients with closed pelvic fractures. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted with 471 adult patients who had been admitted to our Emergency Service with the diagnosis of pelvic fractures. Type of fractures, accompanying visceral organ injuries, the demographic data, type of operation, mortality rates were recorded and analysed statistically. RESULTS The rate of operations carried out by the general surgery clinic or other surgical clinics in each type of fracture according to AO classification did not differ (p=0.118). In patients with A2, A3 and B1 types of fractures, the operation rate of general surgery clinic did not show a significant difference. However, most of the patients who had extrapelvic surgery were in the mild severity pelvic trauma, such as AO A2 and A3. A total of 31 patients were ex-patients, 17 of whom had AO-A2 type of fractures. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between abdominal ultrasonography outcome that was normal and non-orthopedic surgery types (p

Nutcracker esophagus (NE), Jackhammer esophagus (JHE), distal esophageal spasm (DES), and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (HTLES) are defined by esophageal manometric findings. Some patients with these esophageal motility disorders also have abnormal gastroesophageal reflux. It is unclear to what extent these patients' symptoms are caused by the motility disorder, the acid reflux, or both. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) on esophageal motility disorders, gastroesophageal reflux, and patient symptoms. Between 2007 and 2013, we performed high-resolution esophageal manometry on 3400 patients, and 221 patients were found to have a spastic esophageal motility disorder. The medical records of these patients were reviewed to determine the manometric abnormality, presence of gastroesophageal symptoms, and amount of esophageal acid exposure. In those patients that underwent LNF, we compared pre- and postoperative esophageal motility, gastroesophageal symptom severity, and esophageal acid exposure. Of the 221 patients with spastic motility disorders, 77 had NE, 2 had JHE, 30 had DES, and 112 had HTLES. The most frequently reported primary and secondary symptoms among all patients were: heartburn and/or regurgitation, 69.2%; respiratory, 39.8%; dysphagia, 35.7%; and chest pain, 22.6%. Of the 221 patients, 192 underwent 24-hour pH monitoring, and 103 demonstrated abnormal distal esophageal acid exposure. Abnormal 24-hour pH monitoring was detected in 62% of patients with heartburn and regurgitation, 49% of patients with respiratory symptoms, 36.8 % of patients with dysphagia, and 32.6% of patients with chest pain. Sixty-six of the 103 patients with abnormal 24-hour pH monitoring underwent LNF. Thirty-eight (13NE, 2JHE, 6 DES, and 17 HTLES) of these 66 patients had a minimum of 6-month postoperative follow-up that included clinical evaluation, esophageal manometry, and 24-hour pH monitoring. Postoperatively, all 38 patients had normal distal esophageal acid exposure. Of these 38 patients, symptoms resolved in 28 and improved in 10. Of six patients (one with NE, two JHE, and three with HTLES) that underwent postoperative esophageal manometry, five exhibited normal motility. Typical reflux symptoms are common among patients with esophageal hypermotility disorders. Abnormal 24-hour pH monitoring is present in the majority of patients with who report typical reflux symptoms and almost half of patients who report respiratory symptoms. Conversely, the majority of patients who report dysphagia or chest pain have normal distal esophageal acid exposure. Based on a small number of patients in this study, it also appears that motility disorders often improve after LNF. LNF is associated with resolution or improvement in reflux related symptoms and esophageal motility parameters in patients exhibiting abnormal esophageal acid exposure. This suggests that patient symptoms are due to abnormal acid exposure and not the motility disorder.

Background Micro RNA-126 is known to enhance apoptotic processes and also plays a role in vascular growth through the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated signaling, angiogenesis, and vascular integrity. Objectives We aimed to determine the role of miR-126 in breast cancer cell lines with a variety of different characteristics to evaluate its interaction with certain cancer-related molecules and mechanisms. Methods To determine the effect of presence and absence of miR-126 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, miR-126 mimics and inhibitor were transfected. miRNA and gene expressions were observed by using RT-PCR. Viability, proliferation, adhesion, invasion and lateral motility assays were performed to determine cell behavior changes. Results miR-126 is more effective on MDA-MB-231 cells on cell behavior. We observed an increase in miR-126 expression when miR-126 mimics was transfected to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Also, there was a decrease in miR-126 expression when MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with miR-126 inhibitor. Furthermore, presence and absence of miR-126 modulated the gene expressions of VEGF/PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Conclusion Our study showed that miR-126 is in a state of interaction with a multitude molecules playing a role in breast cancer. According to obtained data, we can say that miR-126 may be more effective in inhibition of metastatic breast cancer (Tab. 4, Fig. 3, Ref. 46).

Purpose: To determine whether benign exophytic renal masses can be distinguished from malignant lesions by using the angular interface sign in ultrasonography (US) and computerized tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: A total of 71 cases with exophytic renal mass (2 cm or greater) were examined on the basis of angular interface in US (n = 23), CT (n = 21) and US + CT (n = 16) between January 2008 and June 2010 were included in this study. The renal interface relationships were examined by 2 radiologists and classified as having angular or wide interface. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the findings of two readers. There was almost perfect interobserver agreement for the interface sign. For cystic lesions, the angular interface sign was determined in all but two Bosniak category 1 case. Also, the angular interface sign was positive in all but one Bosniak category 2 - 3. For cystic lesions with solid component and pure solid lesions, in the benign group, the angular interface sign was positive in all except three cases (vascular malformation, oncocytoma and Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis). In the malignant group, the angular interface sign was determined in only two RCC cases; in other primary or metastatic malignant lesions there was a wide interface sign. Conclusion: Exophytic renal masses can be differentiated as malignant or benign with 87% accuracy using only the angular interface sign in US or CT and also in opposition to dynamic-contrast examinations. This method entails a lack of additional radiation or contrast media exposure, time-saving, and costeffectivity.

In this work, poly(2-fluoroaniline), poly(2-chloroaniline), poly(2-methylaniline), and poly(N-ethylaniline) were prepared by a self-assembly method using an oxidizing system consisting of a dopant anion, p-toluene sulfonate with ammonium peroxydisulfate. The effects of substituents on the surface morphology, conductivity, molecular weight, spectral and thermal properties of the polymers were studied. SEM results revealed that the surface morphology of the resulting polymers changed from nanofiber to spherical structure by changing the substituent on the aniline monomers. The structure and properties of these conducting films were characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, elemental analysis, TGA, conductivity, and cyclic voltammetry. The polymer films show electroactivity in monomer free solution. Molecular weight of the polymers was determined by gel permeation chromatography. The dry electrical conductivity values of the substituted-polyanilines were found to be lower than that of PANI. The results revealed that the molecular structures of the polymers were similar to those of the emeraldine form of polyaniline. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010

WOS: 000269275900006, In this work, polyaniline (PAni), poly-n-ethylaniline, poly-n-methylaniline and poly-o-anisidine were prepared by chemical polymerization. 1,3 (6 or 7)-napthalenetrisulfonic acid was used for the first time in the literature as a dopant to increase the solubility of the polymers in methanol solution. The structure and properties of these conducting polymers were characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis and conductivity measurements. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes were modified by PAni and its derivatives and used as cation-exchange membranes. Poly-n-ethylaniline, poly-n-methylaniline and poly-o-anisidine were also used for the first time for this purpose in the literature. Ion-exchange capacity, water uptake and fixed group concentration of the polymer modified PVDF membranes were investigated. The changes in the surface morphologies of non-modified and polymer modified PVDF membrane was investigated by AFM and SEM. The polymer modified membranes were used for the removal of calcium (II) and magnesium (II) ions from water samples with Donnan dialysis (DD) experiments. The modified membranes show excellent stability during 120 days, Anadolu University Scientific Research Projects Management (AUBAP) [071025], The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by the Anadolu University Scientific Research Projects Management (AUBAP) under Project 071025. M. Sahin would like to thank to Prof. Dr. Servet Turan for taking the SEM picture of the polymer films.

WOS: 000259735700030, PubMed ID: 27873840, A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) polypyrrole (PPy)-based film was fabricated for the determination of ascorbic acid. The film was prepared by incorporation of a template molecule (ascorbic acid) during the electropolymerization of pyrrole onto a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) in aqueous solution using a cyclic voltammetry method. The performance of the imprinted and non-imprinted (NIP) films was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The effect of pH, monomer and template concentrations, electropolymerization cycles and interferents on the performance of the MIP electrode was investigated and optimized. The molecularly imprinted film exhibited a high selectivity and sensitivity toward ascorbic acid. The DPV peak current showed a linear dependence on the ascorbic acid concentration and a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 0.25 to 7.0 mM of ascorbic acid with a correlation coefficient of 0.9946. The detection limit (3 sigma) was determined as 7.4x10(-5) M (S/N=3). The molecularly-imprinted polypyrrole-modified pencil graphite electrode showed a stable and reproducible response, without any influence of interferents commonly existing in pharmaceutical samples. The proposed method is simple and quick. The PPy electrodes have a low response time, good mechanical stability and are disposable simple to construct., Anadolu University Research Fund [031064], Financial support from the Anadolu University Research Fund (Project No: 031064) is gratefully acknowledged.

WOS: 000258011000002, Polypyrrole (PPy) and overoxidized polypyrrole (OPPy) films were used as a potentiometric detector in ion chromatography, in order to determine some anions and cations in water samples. Electrodeposition of PPy film was performed by constant potential at +0.80V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in an aqueous solution containing 0.1 M pyrrole and 0.2 M sodium nitrate. The overoxidation of PPy film was carried out in 0.1 M NaOH solution by cycling the potential between +0.80 and +1.20V at 50mV s(-1). The PPy film exhibited good sensitivity toward, especially, fluoride and chloride ions. The lowest detection limit (3 sigma) observed was 10(-8) M for fluoride with PPy detector. This is the first study using OPPy electrode for the potentiometric detection of both monovalent and divalent cations in literature. The correlation coefficients obtained from the calibration curves were 0.947-0.991 for anions and 0.998-0.999 for cations. The response of ions at the PPy and OPPy electrodes maintained over 90-94% of the original value for 45 and 30 days, respectively. It can be concluded from the observed data that these electrodes can be used as an alternative detector materials to analyse anions and cations in the water samples by ion chromatography

BACKGROUND: In this intervention study which competency based training approach was used, it was aimed to determine behaviors of 6-14 years of age children about hand hygiene and to change their hand-washing skills in the “positive” way after the training. METHODS: Ninety children participated in the study (participation rate= %88.2). A standard check-list was used for both training and evaluation of the behaviors. The data were processed and statistically analyzed with the SPSS for Windows 15.0 software. Mc Nemar and chi square tests were used for analysis of the data. RESULTS: Mean age of the children was found to be 9.76±2.02. Fifty six point seven percent of the participants were females and 43.3% of them were males. Nine out of ten steps of the “hand washing check-list” was found higher in percentage among participants in the post-training evaluation compared to the pre-training assessment (p

Background: Extracapsular extension of nodal tumor cells, although it is not a parameter of staging, has recently been shown to be correlated with the high number of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with axillary-positive breast cancer. It is suggested that the use of involved/examined lymph node ratio instead of the number of metastatic lymph nodes in axillary evaluation would obtain standardized prognostic data for patient management. This study investigated the association of the extracapsular extension with the lymph node ratio in a node-positive group of patients. Patients and Methods: Medical records of 170 patients with positive axillary status were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 54 were extracapsular extension positive, and the remaining were extracapsular extension negative. A comparison was made between extracapsular extension–positive and extracapsular extension–negative groups with respect to some potential prognostic indicators. Results: Number of metastatic lymph nodes, number of examined lymph nodes, and involved/examined lymph node ratio were found to be significantly higher in patients with a presence of extracapsular extension. Conclusion: The results suggest that the presence of extracapsular extension might force physicians to perform more aggressive adjuvant therapies and that the extracapsular extension could be a valuable parameter in the management of breast cancer because it has a strong relationship with the proven prognostic factors.

Poly(2-fluroaniline) and poly(2-chloroaniline) were synthesized by an electrochemical method in an acetonitrile solution containing tetrabutylammonium perchlorate and perchloric acid. Also, the electrochemical copolymerization of aniline with 2-fluroaniline and 2-chloroaniline was carried out in the same medium. Cyclic voltammograms of the deposited films were recorded in neutral, acidic, and basic solutions. The electrochemical behavior of the films showed the same characteristic results as conventional polyaniline. The observed decrease in the dry electrical conductivity of the copolymers with respect to polyaniline was attributed to the incorporation of the fluoro- and chloro-substituted anilines into the polyaniline chain. Further characterization of the polymer and copolymer products was performed through dry electrical conductivity measurements, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The relative solubility of the films was determined in various common organic solvents. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2302–2312, 2004

Electrochemical preparation of poly(2-bromoaniline) (PBrANI) and poly(aniline-co-2-bromoaniline) [P(An-co-2-BrAn)] was carried out in an acetonitrile solution containing tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) and perchloric acid (HClO4). The cyclic voltammograms during the copolymerization had many features similar to those for the usual polymerization of aniline. The copolymer exhibits a higher dry electrical conductivity value than that of PBrANI and a lower one than that of PANI. The observed decrease in the conductivity of the copolymer relative to PANI is attributed to the incorporation of bromine moieties into the polyaniline chain. The structure and properties of the polymer and copolymer were elucidated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), FTIR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2460–2468, 2003

Ll , Lα , Lβ and Lγ X-ray differential cross-sections, fluorescence cross-sections and L i -subshell ( σ L 1 , σ L 2 , and σ L 3 ) fluorescence cross-sections were measured for Er, Ta, W, Au, Hg and Tl at an excitation energy of 59.6 keV using a Si(Li) detector. The differential cross-sections for these elements have been measured at different angles varying from 54° to 153° at intervals of 9°. The Ll and Lα groups in the L X-ray lines are found to be spatially anisotropic, while those in the Lβ and Lγ peaks are isotropic. Experimental and theoretical values of L X-ray fluorescence cross-sections and L i -subshell X-ray fluorescence cross-sections were compared.