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Assumptions have been established that many machine learning algorithms expect the training data and the testing data to share the same feature space or distribution. Thus, transfer learning (TL) rises due to the tolerance of the different feature spaces and the distribution of data. It is an optimization to improve performance from task to task. This paper includes the basic knowledge of transfer learning and summarizes some relevant experimental results of popular applications using transfer learning in the natural language processing (NLP) field. The mathematical definition of TL is briefly mentioned. After that, basic knowledge including the different categories of TL, and the comparison between TL and traditional machine learning models is introduced. Then, some applications which mainly focus on question answering, cyberbullying detection, and sentiment analysis will be presented. Other applications will also be briefly introduced such as Named Entity Recognition (NER), Intent Classification, and Cross-Lingual Learning, etc. For each application, this study provides reference on transfer learning models for related researches.

Commercial banks usually classify customers according to their credit reports when making loans. In this study, we put our focus on classifying customers based on their credit reports from the People's Bank of China (PBC). Since there are no target labels of users in the credit report of the People's Bank of China, we put forward the fuzzy clustering method for the initial label, and then Construct ant colony search to optimize intelligent recognition. Finally, this study uses SVM, BP neural network, and random forest to classify users and compare their results. The research re-sults indicate that using ant colony clustering algorithm and random forest for classification is the most effective method with the PBC credit reports.

The Prussian blue analogue CsMnCo(CN)6 is studied by diffraction under variable temperature, pressure and X-ray exposure.

Using a comprehensive survey of rural households during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, we find that logistics disruptions due to the lockdown have resulted in severe economic losses for rural households. Insufficient production inputs and perishable outputs can aggravate the impact of logistics disruptions on losses, while the purchase of agriculture insurance and higher regional GDP can mitigate this effect. We further examine the mechanisms by which logistics disruptions affect rural households, including both sales and production channels in agricultural supply chains. The former includes changes in product prices and reduced sales, while the latter includes changes in input prices and shortages of raw materials, capital, and labor. Of these channels, logistics has the most severe impact on sales. Opening up the logistics of sales channels is the primary policy choice. More storage warehouses and insurance are also important preemptive measures. Building stable and sustainable agricultural supply chains can ensure rural household viability during the pandemic.

PurposeGiven the scarcity of data during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, the decision-making for non-pharmaceutical policies was mostly based on insufficient evidence. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of these policies, such as lockdown and government subsidies, on rural households and identify policy implications for China and other countries in dealing with pandemics.Design/methodology/approachThe authors survey 2,408 rural households by telephone from 101 counties across 17 provinces in China during the first stage of the pandemic (March 2020). The authors use the ordered probit model and linear regression model to study the overall impact of policies and then use the quantile regression model and sub-sample regression method to study the heterogeneity of the effects of government policies.FindingsThe authors find that logistics disruption due to lockdown negatively affected rural households. Obstructed logistics is associated with a more significant loss for high-income households, while its impact on the loss expectation of low-income households is more severe. Breeding and other industries such as transport and sales suffer more from logistics than cultivation. The impact of logistics on intensive agricultural entities is more serious than that on professional farms. The government subsidy is more effective at reducing loss for low-income households. Lockdown and government subsidies have shown heterogeneous impacts on rural households.Practical implicationsThe overall economic losses experienced by rural households in the early stages of the pandemic are controllable. The government policies of logistics and subsidies should target specific groups.Originality/valueThe authors evaluate the economic impacts of lockdown and government subsidies on rural households and show their heterogeneity among different groups. The authors further demonstrate the policy effectiveness in supporting rural households during the early stages of the pandemic and provide future policy guidance on major public health event.

Trends in capital markets are difficult to predict due to the complex linkages. Recent research has shifted from predicting single market trends to predicting multiple market co-movements. Based on the WTI oil price, Douglas stock index and Shenzhen composition index, we use wavelet transformation to extract the stable domains and identify the co-movement directions. Next, we construct a spectrum plot for co-movement prediction. Experimental results show that a discrete wavelet transform is effective in predicting financial market co-movements within the three markets.

The development of redox-targeting co-catalysts is one of the important tasks in realizing hybrid photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR), which has been sought after as a promis...

Li-polysulfide batteries (LPSBs) involving dissolved polysulfides as the catholyte have been sought as an alternative solution for addressing the problem of inefficient sulfur utilization with conventional lithium-sulfur batteries, but imposes even more stringent requirements on polysulfide immobilization. In this study, a hybrid rGO/CNTs aerogel embedding FeP nanocubes is fabricated by instantly freezing and phosphorizing metal organic frameworks (MOF)-containing precursors, and used as the LPSB cathodes for hosting polysulfides with high affinity. A high specific capacity of 1312.3 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C and prolonged cycling with only 0.037% decay per cycle at 1 C were achieved for over 500 cycles, together with an exceptional high areal capacity up to 8.5 mA h cm−2 at the sulfur loading of 9.6 mg cm−2. This remarkable LPSB performance is ascribed to the strong immobilization of polysulfides by the FeP anchoring material, the conductive and microporous carbon scaffolds in providing adequate interfaces for charge transfer, the homogeneous catholyte distribution for promoting sulfur utilization, as well as a possible catalytic effect of FeP on expediting the redox conversion of polysulfides.

The development of high-performance multifunctional electrocatalysts operating in the same electrolyte is key to reduce the material and process costs of renewable energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, the fabrication of freestanding integral electrodes by combining multivariate electrospinning with surface metal organic framework functionalization to arrest pyrolytic emissions from fiber interior is reported, resulting in the expression of rich active sites with controlled composition, for example, the tunable Co-P coordination. The as-fabricated electrode of CoP@CF-900, when used as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting, is able to deliver 200 mA cm

As the incidence of breast cancer rises, the number of mastectomy surgeries surges, so does the importance of postoperative breast reconstruction. The implementation of autologous flap restoration methods is becoming prevalent, although which is the best flap remains controversial. As a result, we performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare the eight most common flap in the reconstruction processor of breast cancer surgery. Our findings may help surgeons decide which skin flaps to use for breast reconstruction.We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library for relevant literature. For our Bayesian network meta-analysis, we scrutinized 37 papers and evaluated the postoperative complications of eight commonly used breast reconstruction procedures. We also registered this study on PROSPERO, with the number CRD42021251989.A total of 21,184 patients were included in this Bayesian network meta-analysis from 37 different studies. The results demonstrate that TRAM flaps are more prone to complications such as hernias in the abdominal wall and blood flow problems. Hematoma and seroma are more likely to follow LDP flaps. Combining LDP flaps with a prosthetic or autologous adipose tissue does not enhance the risk of postoperative problems appreciably. Fat liquefaction are relatively common in DIEP.After breast reconstruction, several skin flaps can be employed as clinical choices. TRAM flaps are not recommended for patients with a weak abdominal wall structure, although LDP flaps or SIEA flaps can be considered instead. We do not advocate LDP flaps for patients who have had breast surgery because of the higher risk of hematoma or seroma, but DIEP flaps or LAP flaps can be utilized instead. We do not propose DIEP flaps for individuals who are at a higher risk of postoperative fat liquefaction, but LDP flaps or SIEA flaps can be used instead. However, this Bayesian network meta-analysis has limitations, and further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm its findings.This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Efficient water electrolysis for hydrogen production constitutes a key segment for the upcoming hydrogen economy, but has been impeded by the lack of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts ...

The interactive effect is significant in the Chinese stock market, exacerbating the abnormal market volatilities and risk contagion. Based on daily stock returns in the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) A-shares, this paper divides the period between 2005 and 2018 into eight bull and bear market stages to investigate interactive patterns in the Chinese financial market. We employ the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method to construct the stock network, compare the heterogeneity of bull and bear markets, and further use the Map Equation method to analyse the evolution of modules in the SSE A-shares market. Empirical results show that (1) the connected effect is more significant in bear markets than bull markets and gives rise to abnormal volatilities in the stock market, (2) a system module can be found in the network during the first four stages, and the industry aggregation effect leads to module differentiation in the last four stages, (3) some stocks have leading effects on others throughout eight periods, and medium- and small-cap stocks with poor financial conditions are more likely to become risk sources, especially in bear markets. Our conclusions are beneficial to improving investment strategies and making regulatory policies.

The urgent demand on high performance energy storage devices makes lithium sulfur batteries with a high energy density up to 2600 Wh kg−1 extremely attractive. However, the low capacity reversibility and poor rate capability still pose a significant hurdle on their real-world applications. Here, a freestanding thin-film composite containing sulfurized polyacrylonitrile with conductive backbone of carbon nanotubes has been fabricated by an electrospinning method followed by vulcanization, and employed as the binder-free cathode for lithium sulfur batteries without any aid of current collectors. A synergic effect from sulfur and carbon nanotubes, when co-spun together, has been discovered on promoting the electrochemical performance of the cathodes by simultaneously creating material porosity and conductive pathway. The optimized composite fibers made from a ternary precursor solution containing 20% carbon nanotubes present the best performance, delivering a high initial discharge capacity of 1610 mAh g−1 at 0.2C and outstanding cycle stability of 1106 mAh g−1 at 1C over 500 cycles. It is anticipated that the porous composite nanofibers and the multi-variant fabrication methodology reported here can be extended to more energy storage applications, particularly for flexible lithium sulfur batteries.

The connectivity of stock markets reflects the information efficiency of capital markets and contributes to interior risk contagion and spillover effects. We compare Shanghai Stock Exchange A-shares (SSE A-shares) during tranquil periods, with high leverage periods associated with the 2015 subprime mortgage crisis. We use Pearson correlations of returns, the maximum strongly connected subgraph, and 3 σ principle to iteratively determine the threshold value for building a dynamic correlation network of SSE A-shares. Analyses are carried out based on the networking structure, intra-sector connectivity, and node status, identifying several contributions. First, compared with tranquil periods, the SSE A-shares network experiences a more significant small-world and connective effect during the subprime mortgage crisis and the high leverage period in 2015. Second, the finance, energy and utilities sectors have a stronger intra-industry connectivity than other sectors. Third, HUB nodes drive the growth of the SSE A-shares market during bull periods, while stocks have a think-tail degree distribution in bear periods and show distinct characteristics in terms of market value and finance. Granger linear and non-linear causality networks are also considered for the comparison purpose. Studies on the evolution of inter-cycle connectivity in the SSE A-share market may help investors improve portfolios and develop more robust risk management policies.

A facile and general strategy is presented to create well-defined heterojunctions with ultra-small multimetallic sulfide nanoparticles (MMSNPs) uniformly coated on sliver nanowires. A unique aspect of this method is the atomic-level pre-integration of multimetallic components by exploiting recently developed supertetrahedral metal sulfide nanoclusters. The use of such nanoclusters also enables the convenient formation of the ultrathin interfacial Ag2 S layer via etching. The heterojunctions (denoted as MMSNPs/Ag2 S/Ag-NWs) benefit from adjustable multimetallic components and display tunable visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance owing to the synergistic effect of multimetallic components from MMSNPs and the high carrier mobility of Ag-NWs. The synthetic strategy opens new routes to designing and fabricating various heterojunctions with multimetallic components, which could further expand their applications in catalysis, electronics, and photonics.

This study describes a self-doping and additive-free strategy for the synthesis of metal-nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials (CMs) via carbonizing well-tailored precursors, metal-containing ionic liquids (M-ILs). The organic skeleton in M-ILs serves as both carbon and nitrogen sources, while metal ions acts as porogen and metallic dopants. A high nitrogen content, appropriate content of metallic species and hierarchical porosity synergistically endow the resultant CMs (MIBA-M-T) as effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). MIBA-Fe-900 with a high specific surface area of 1567 m2 g-1 exhibits an activity similar to that of Pt/C catalyst, a higher tolerance to methanol than Pt/C, and long-term durability. This work supplies a simple and convenient route for the preparation of metal-containing carbon electrocatalysts.

A special Cu(NO3)2 thin solution layer was built on highly hydrophilic mica surfaces and subjected to rapid evaporation. Controlling the evaporation time can intentionally manipulate the supersaturation. Morphology-selective synthesis of nanoplate- or microsphere-like Cu(NO3)2·2.5H2O micro/nanostructures has been succeeded by alternatively boosting either the heterogeneous nucleation at the substrate–solution interface at a low supersaturation level or the homogeneous nucleation in the bulk solution phase at a high supersaturation level. Our study presents a new method for morphology-selective synthesis of micro/nanostructures, which should also be applicable to materials other than Cu(NO3)2·2.5H2O and shall actually promote their applications. As a demonstration, Cu(NO3)2·2.5H2O micro/nanostructures were converted into porous CuO with well-preserved starting morphologies. The hierarchical porous CuO micro/nanostructures exhibited easily recyclable high photocatalytic activity towards visible-light degradation of methylene blue (MB).

Biomimetic channels based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with fast and selective transport have attractive applications in many fields. In this work, a remarkable and modulated enhancement in the ion transport rate through CNTs is facilitated by means of lipid decoration, by a factor of up to 20 times. A type of CNT membrane is firstly prepared, composed of well aligned multi-wall carbon nanotubes with an inner size of ∼10 nm. An inter-diffusion method is used to efficiently incorporate lipids within the CNTs. It is found that the lipid phase state as well as the surface property of the tubes' inner walls corporately determine the assembly behavior, such as location and stability of lipids, which further influence the ion transport rate through the tubes. For example, the incorporation and self-assembly of liquid-phase DOPC and polymerized Diyne-PC within the tubes induces an enhancement in steady ion transport rate through CNTs by a factor of 5 and 20 times, respectively. In contrast, the gel-phase DPPC prefers to stay at tube tips, which increases the ion transport rate during the initial stage only. This work provides a practical guide to regulate the ion transport behaviors through CNTs for versatile applications.

Utilization of microbes as the carbon source and structural template to fabricate porous carbon has incentivized great interests owing to their diverse micromorphology and intricate intracellular structure, apart from the obvious benefit of "turning waste into wealth." Challenges remain to preserve the biological structure through the harsh and laborious post-synthetic treatments, and tailor the functionality as desired. Herein, Escherichia coli is directly coated with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) through in situ assembly to fabricate N, P co-doped porous carbon capsules expressing self-phosphorized metal phosphides. While the MOF coating serves as an armoring layer for facilitating the morphology inheritance from the bio-templates and provides metal sources for generating extra porosity and electrochemically active sites, the P-rich phospholipids and N-rich proteins from the plasma membrane enable carbon matrix doping and further yield metal phosphides. These unique structural and compositional features endow the carbon capsules with great capabilities in suppressing polysulfide shuttling and catalyzing reversible oxygen conversion, ultimately leading to the superb performance of lithium-sulfur batteries and zinc-air batteries. Combining the bio-templating strategy with hierarchical MOF assembly, this work opens a new avenue for the fabrication of highly porous and functional carbon for advanced energy applications.

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are regarded as promising candidates for anodes of lithium ion batteries, but their applications have been severely hindered by poor material conductivity and lithiated volume expansion. As a potential solution, herein is presented a facile approach, by electrospinning a manganese-based metal organic framework (Mn-MOF), to fabricate yolk-shell MnO

We propose the LASSO VAR model with the time-zone effect to investigate how stock markets worldwide interact with each other. Our approach overcomes the dimensional problem in the VAR model and characterises connections within financial markets systematically. Using the daily data of 36 national stock indexes from 2006 to 2009, we construct the global stock market network and discover a strong regional structure in which national stock markets behave significantly distinct before, during, and after the 2008 subprime crisis. Besides, the lagged returns in the United States lead a large number of international stock returns.

Multifunctional electrocatalysts based on earth-abundant elements are key for the development of Integrated Energy Systems (IES) such as electrolytic water splitting powered by metal-air batteries. Herein, hierarchical CuCoNC nanowire arrays are constructed on copper foam, enriching multiple active species on the catalytic scaffolds that lead to remarkable trifunctional activities of OER with η10 = 245 mV, HER with η10 = 59 mV and ORR comparable to Pt/C. While for overall water splitting a cell voltage of only 1.78 V is required to achieve a high current density of 500 mA cm−2, for Zn-air batteries (ZABs) a highly stabilized round-trip efficiency of >58% is achieved for over 360 h under 10 mA cm−2. Ultimately, a highly efficient IES of ZAB-powered water splitting employing a single catalyst is demonstrated with a hydrogen evolution rate of 69 μL s−1, showcasing a smart material design in simultaneously achieving multi-functionality and maximizing the energy efficiency.

Parents who experienced infertility have increasingly used medically assisted reproduction (MAR) to add children to their families over the past few decades. These parents will need to decide if they will tell their children about being conceived using MAR. Although MAR information sharing operates within family contexts, little is known about the role of conversation orientation-one family contextual factor-in child outcomes associated with MAR information sharing in middle childhood. Derived from the Family Communication Patterns Theory, this study proposes that conversation orientation moderates the associations between MAR information sharing and children's psychosocial adjustment. This proposal was tested using a sample of 81 6- to 12-year-old MAR-conceived children from 55 families and a structured observational measure of conversation orientation. Multiple regression analyses showed that MAR information sharing interacted with conversation orientation to influence children's behavioral and attention problems but not emotional problems. In families with high conversation orientation, MAR information sharing was not significantly associated with children's behavioral and attention problems. In families with low conversation orientation, MAR information sharing was significantly associated with an increase in children's behavioral and attention problems. Results of this exploratory study demonstrate the potential significance of general communication orientation in understanding child outcomes of MAR information sharing and highlight the needed family context nuances in MAR research.Los padres que padecieron infertilidad han usado cada vez más la reproducción médicamente asistida (RMA) para incorporar niños a sus familias durante las últimas décadas. Estos padres necesitarán decidir si les contarán a sus hijos que fueron concebidos utilizando la RMA. Aunque el intercambio de información sobre la RMA funciona dentro de contextos familiares, se sabe muy poco acerca del papel que desempeña la orientación de la conversación-un factor contextual familiar- en los resultados de los niños asociados con el intercambio de información sobre la RMA en la segunda infancia. Derivado de la teoría de patrones de comunicación familiar, este estudio propone que la orientación de la conversación modere las asociaciones entre el intercambio de información sobre la RMA y la adaptación psicosocial de los niños. Esta propuesta se evaluó utilizando una muestra de 81 niños de entre 6 y 12 años pertenecientes a 55 familias que fueron concebidos por RMA y una medición observacional estructurada de la orientación de la conversación. Los análisis de regresión múltiple indicaron que el intercambio de información sobre la RMA interactuó con la orientación de la información para influir en los problemas de atención y conductuales de los niños, pero no en los problemas emocionales. En las familias con una alta orientación de la conversación el intercambio de información sobre la RMA no estuvo asociado de forma significativa con problemas conductuales y de atención de los niños. En las familias con una baja orientación de la información, el intercambio de información sobre la RMA estuvo asociado de forma significativa con un aumento de problemas conductuales y de atención en los niños. Los resultados de este estudio exploratorio demuestran la posible importancia de la orientación de la información general a la hora de comprender las consecuencias en los niños del intercambio de información sobre la RMA y destacar los matices necesarios del contexto familiar en la investigación sobre la RMA.在过去几十年里,不孕不育夫妇越来越多地使用医疗辅助生殖手段来给家庭添加孩子。这些家长们将面临一个决定即是否告诉他们的孩子有关依靠医疗科技手段受孕妊娠的事实。跟孩子们分享有关依靠技术而受孕的信息虽发生在不同的家庭环境里,对于作为家庭环境的因素之一的交谈取向其作用人们还知之甚少,这里的作用具体是指对在孩子童年中期告知他们有关借助技术受孕的方式对儿童后果的影响作用。本研究从家庭沟通形式理论出发提出交谈取向可以缓和医疗辅助生殖技术受孕信息分享与孩子的社会心理调适之间的关系。验证的方法是通过使用对交谈倾向的结构性观测量表来测量来自55个家庭的81名6到12岁依靠技术受孕的孩子。多个统计学回归分析结果表明通过交谈倾向分享技术辅助生殖信息影响到孩子的行为方面及注意力问题,但是对情绪问题方面没有影响。在交谈倾向明显的家庭里,技术辅助生殖信息的分享与孩子的行为方面及注意力问题没有很大关联。在交谈倾向较少的家庭里,技术辅助受孕信息的分享则会与行为方面及注意力问题的增加有很大的关联。此探索性的研究表明普通的交流机制对于了解技术辅助生殖信息的分享对儿童后果的潜在意义,同时指出了在技术辅助生殖研究中有必要注意到家庭情况的细微区别。.

Lithium titanium oxyphosphate LiTiOPO 4 is synthesized by a solution route and modified with a carbon layer using polyvinylidene difluoride as carbon source. It is demonstrated that the performance of LiTiOPO 4 strongly depends on cycling potential range. In the potential range from 0.5 to 3.0 V, limited capacity (less than 161 mA h g −1 ) is obtained, which is ascribed to a mechanism involving the insertion of lithium ions into vacant sites of crystalline structure. As the cut-off potential is set down to 0.1 V, a conversion of LiTiOPO 4 occurs in the initial cycle, as a result, a relative high and reversible capacity of 285 mA h g −1 at the current rate of 0.1 C can be achieved during the subsequent cycles. However, resembling that of transition metal oxides, possible charging/discharging mechanism, in this case, may involve the formation and decomposition of Li 2 O formed in the conversion of LiTiOPO 4 . The new strategy also enables LiTiOPO 4 as the electrode material with superior cycleability and rate capability of 195 mA h g −1 at the current rate of 2.0 C. The results indicate that carbon-coated LiTiOPO 4 could be a promising anode material with relative high capacity and good rate capability for lithium ion batteries.

A series of fulleropyrrolidine derivatives (FPx, x = 1–8) with alternating N-phenyl or N-methyl group were prepared as acceptors for polymer solar cells (PSCs) with the purpose of investigating the effect of N-substitutions on the photovoltaic properties of fullerene materials. More importantly, the morphology studies by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and space charge limited current (SCLC) measurements revealed that FP1 with N-phenyl group possessed not only appropriate miscibility with P3HT but also high electron mobility, which may account for its optimal photovoltaic properties.

Although a wealth of research has examined the effects of parental mood disorders on offspring maladjustment, studies have not identified whether elevated interparental violence (IPV) may be an exacerbating influence in this pathway. This study examined levels of physical IPV perpetration and victimization in mothers with unipolar depression or Bipolar Disorder (BD) and the processes by which maternal physical IPV moderated adolescents' physical aggression in families with maternal mood disorders. Mothers with lifetime mood disorders were predicted to have elevated IPV compared to well mothers, and maternal IPV was expected to moderate the association between lifetime mood disorders and adolescent aggression. Participants included 61 intact families with maternal depression (n = 24), BD (n = 13), or well mothers (n = 24) and two siblings (ages 10 to 18 years). Using the Conflict Tactics Scale, mothers reported on IPV perpetration and victimization, and adolescents reported on physical aggression. Mothers with BD reported significantly higher IPV perpetration, but not victimization, than depressed or well mothers. An interaction between maternal BD and IPV perpetration was a significant predictor of adolescent aggression. Main effects of maternal IPV victimization and interaction effects of maternal depression and either type of IPV on adolescent aggression were not significant. Adolescents of mothers who have BD and perpetrate IPV may be particularly vulnerable to being aggressive. Prevention and policy efforts to deter transmission of aggression in high-risk families should target families with maternal BD and intervene at the level of conflict resolution within the family. Aggr. Behav. 9999:XX-XX, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en

A two-dimensional quantum dot molecular beacon with interconnected imaging and therapy modalities is developed for intelligent cancer theranostics., Ideal theranostics should possess directly correlated imaging and therapy modalities that could be simultaneously activated in the disease site to generate high imaging contrast and therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects. However, so far it still remains challenging to engineer all these characteristics into a single theranostic probe. Herein, we report a new type of photosensitizer (PS)-derived “two-dimensional” molecular beacon (TMB) that could be specifically activated within tumor cells to exhibit both high imaging contrast and therapeutic efficacy that outperforms conventional photosensitizers for cancer theranostics. The TMB is constructed by integrating a photosensitizer (chlorin e6 (Ce6)), a quantum dot (QD), and a dark quencher (BHQ3) into a hairpin DNA molecule to generate multiple synergistic FRET modes. The imaging modality and therapy modality, which are mediated by FRET between the QD and BHQ3 and FRET between the QD and Ce6 respectively, are interconnected within the TMB and could be simultaneously activated by tumor mRNA molecules. We show that highly effective cancer imaging and therapy could be achieved for cancer cell lines and xenografted tumor models. The reported TMB represents an unprecedented theranostic platform for intelligent cancer theranostics.

Au–Pt bimetallic nanocomplexes were synthesized and the composition and morphology of the nanocomplexes could be easily controlled by a facile synthesis method. The eletrochemical activity and stability of the nanocomplexes can be optimized by tuning their Au-to-Pt molar ratio. The efficient electrocatalytic performance is confirmed by direct oxidation of methanol and formic acid.

A new approach using polypyrrole as the nitrogen source has been demonstrated for the fabrication of nitrogen-doped graphene, which subsequently served as nucleation centers for the growth of metal oxides. The thin layers of the nitrogen-doped graphene are not only used as conductive pathways accelerating the electrical conductivity of metal oxides but also serve as buffer layers to improve the electrical contact with metal oxide nanostructures during the delithiation/lithiation of lithium ions. As anodes for lithium ion batteries, the nitrogen-doped graphene and their hybrids with MnO2 nanorods exhibit exceptionally excellent capacity retention for 3000 cycles at 2500 mA g−1, and ultrafast rate capability, which pave the way for developing electrode materials for long cycle-life energy storage devices.

Despite the widespread use of quantum dots (QDs) for biosensing and bioimaging, QD-based bio-interfaceable and reconfigurable molecular computing systems have not yet been realized. DNA-programmed dynamic assembly of multi-color QDs is presented for the construction of a new class of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based QD computing systems. A complete set of seven elementary logic gates (OR, AND, NOR, NAND, INH, XOR, XNOR) are realized using a series of binary and ternary QD complexes operated by strand displacement reactions. The integration of different logic gates into a half-adder circuit for molecular computation is also demonstrated. This strategy is quite versatile and straightforward for logical operations and would pave the way for QD-biocomputing-based intelligent molecular diagnostics.

The amine elimination reaction of quinolinyl aminophenol (LH 2 ) with Ln[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 (μ-Cl)Li(THF) 3 in THF afforded lanthanide-lithium aminophenoxy complexes L 2 LnLi(THF) 2 (Ln = Yb ( 1 ), Sm ( 2 )), while the similar reaction with Ln[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 in toluene gave normal monoamido lanthanide complexes LLnN(SiMe 3 ) 2 (DME) (Ln = Sm ( 3 ), Nd ( 4 ), La ( 5 )). All complexes have been fully characterized. X-ray structural determination revealed that complexes 1 and 2 have a monomeric C 2 -symmetric heterobimetallic structure, in which the lanthanide atom is connected to the lithium atom by two oxygen bridges from two phenoxy(quinolinyl)amide ligands. Complexes 4 and 5 have a solvated monomeric structure, and the lanthanide metal centers adopt a distorted octahedral geometry. It was found that complexes 3 – 5 initiated the ring-opening polymerization of 1,4-dioxan-2-one (PDO) with high activity.

The formation of mixed-valent ytterbium and europium complexes L4LnIII2LnII (Ln = Yb (1), Eu (2)) was observed for the first time in the spontaneous reduction reaction system of quinolinyl aminophenol (H2L) with Ln[N(SiMe3)2]3 (Ln = Yb, Eu) in toluene at 90 °C, whereas the same reaction with Sm[N(SiMe3)2]3 gave the expected monoamido samarium complex LSmN(SiMe3)2(DME) (4). The isolation of the binuclear ytterbium complex L3Yb2 (3) under mild conditions demonstrates that the transformation from a trivalent ytterbium complex to the mixed-valent ytterbium species 1 may involve a ligand redistribution reaction and homolysis of the Yb–N bond.