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In 2016, the Centre for Rural Development – commissioned by Transparency International – developed a Handbook on Land Corruption Risk Mapping, which helps NGOs, governmental institutions, and other actors to systematically identify and assess corruption risks in land governance and to develop effective counter-measures. The present study was produced during the development process of the handbook. It explains the handbook’s conceptual framework (corruption, corruption risks, risk assessment, etc.) and details the methodological approach that was used to develop and test the handbook. In addition, the study presents the results of four case studies that were conducted in Kenya as part of the development and testing process, namely: 1) Urban space land conflicts in Nairobi; 2) Indigenous communities and their role in initial land registration in West Pokot; 3) Inheritance of land and land rights for women in Kakamega; 4) Large scale land acquisitions in Kwale. Finally, the study includes recommendations – for Transparency International, for governmental institutions, and for NGOs – that were drawn from the handbook development process and from the case studies in Kenya.

Corruption in land governance is a significant problem in many countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. It leads to insecure tenure rights, and thus contributes to non-sustainable use of land, food insecurity, inequality, violent conflicts, and the breakdown of livelihood systems. To design effective counter-measures against corruption in land governance, it is important to gain an accurate understanding of the weak spots in the respective land governance system. Therefore, the Handbook on Land Corruption Risk Mapping – commissioned by Transparency International and developed by the Centre for Rural Development (SLE) – helps NGOs, governmental institutions, and other actors in Sub-Saharan Africa to systematically identify and assess corruption risks in land governance and to develop effective counter-measures. The handbook is divided into three phases: I) Research on the historical, legal, and institutional context of the respective land governance system; II) Conduction of a participatory multi-stakeholder workshop to identify and assess corruption risks in key land governance processes; III) Development of strategies to tackle the identified corruption risks. The handbook is illustrated with examples from case studies in Kenya.

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in Mobile Telecommunications and Innovation (MSc.MTI) Currently, students mainly get career advice from their parents, teachers, peers or career counsellors. These career information sources consider factors like expected remuneration, job location, the current market trends and social preferences in their recommendation. Personality is very influential in the career decision-making process of high school and university students. Moreover, when students select careers that do not agree with their personalities, they lack interest in the course and eventually drop out or request for career change. In this dissertation we present the design and development of a proposed personality-based career recommender expert system that aims to assist high school students to select the best suitable career choice program in Institutions of Higher Learning in Kenya. In order to generate recommendations it applies the results achieved in the personality analysis from the personality assessment test to the knowledge base system. This system contains degree programs classified using the Dictionary Holland of Occupational Classification. The main aim of the proposed model is to eventually minimize frustrations that come with selecting the wrong careers in pursuit of one's career goals. The system stores its data on a cloud server, which provides real time updates for new requests on mobile devices. The mobile application source code is written in Apache Cordova platform and integrated with android. This makes it a hybrid application that can be run on any platform. To test the application, a questionnaire form is prepared and issued to all the students who participated in the main study and they are allowed to use the system and give their feedback. This enabled evaluation of the system usability, efficiency and effectiveness. The test results indicated that the system was able to accurately recommend careers to students with an accuracy prediction level of 80%.