Search

Nanoceria (cerium dioxide nanoparticles, CeO2 ) has a broad range of biological properties including antiviral activity. The hypothesis was that nanoceria can efficacy against coronavirus (coronavirus of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis) and potentially can target SARS-CoV-2. Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) is the etiologic agent of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (PTG), a highly contagious pig intestinal disease. The aim of the study was to determine the antiviral activity of CeO2 nanoparticles on the model of porcine coronavirus – TGEV. Methods. We used a highly pathogenic virus strain D52-5 (BRE79 ), of TGEV. We evaluated antiviral activity of CeO2 nanoparticles on the experimental model of porcine coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis virus) in transplantable line of porcine embryonic kidney cells (PEK) culture. Results. The criterion for evaluating the inhibitory activity of antiviral drugs in different in vitro systems is the selectivity index (SI) and the reduction of infectious titer by 1.5–2.0 lgTCD50 . Nanoceria effectively inhibited the reproduction of porcine coronavirus with SI index of 83.3. © 2021, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine. All rights reserved.

Infections caused by Staphylococcus genus bacteria remain a relevant problem due to the high percentage of antibio­tic-resistant biofilm-forming strains of isolates of this genus. Herbs are a promising source for many biologically active compounds with antimicrobial properties. The aim of the research was to study the antimicrobial and antibiofilm formation activity of berry and leaf extracts of Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. upon clinical isolates of S. aureus, and the main biochemical properties of these extracts. For the purpose of analysis, we used S. aureus isolated from the mouth cavities and pharynx of human patients suffering from inflammatory diseases. The plants for the study were gathered in Pylypets, Mizhhiria rayon, Zakarpatska oblast (Transcarpathia). From Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., leaf and berry extracts were produced. To determine the chemical properties of the extracts, the following constituents were investigated: total tannin, flavonoids, total phenols, anthocyanins (by spectrophotometric method), and the total amount of vitamin C in berry extract (chromatographically). The antimicrobial activity was studied by diffusion-into-agar method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. The antibiofilm activity of the extracts was tested in standard 96-well microtitration plates. The main chemical composition of ethyl extracts of Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. berries and leaves was identified. The level of tannins in leaf extracts was established to be higher than in fruit extracts (3.50% and 0.26% per 100 g of extract, respectively). It was shown that extracts of V. vitis-idaea berries and leaves demonstrate high antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of S. aureus. Further it was established that leaf extracts had high ability to destroy the bacterial biofilm of S. aureus. Leaf extracts were also able to destroy the formed biofilm. Even in the 0.01% concentration, leaf extract inhibited the formation of the biofilm by 69.9% and caused the destruction of the formed biofilm by 62.5%. Thereby, the obtained results show good prospects for the use of V. vitis-idaea leaf extracts as an anti-staphylococcal remedy with antibiofilm forming properties.

The anthibiotics use in aquaculture these days is severely restricted by European standarts of marketable fish products quality. According to this, one of the most efficient alternatives are probiotics. So the search of applicable probiotic microorganisms that can be applied in aquaculture is relevant. On the other side, probiotics introduction into the fish body is usually accomplished in composition with dry feed as a biofilm. But a lot of fish larvae are not capable of consuming dry artificial feed due to numerous reasons. For their transmission for endogenic nourishment from exogenic live feeds are used in aquaculture, which have a higher level of digestibility compared to granulated feed. One more advantage of live feed is that they can be used as vectors to provide the targeted delivery of probiotics into fish body. In this work Lactobacillus casei IMV 7280 was firsly tested for the needs of aquaculture. It is shown that the usage of this probiotic during the growing of carp whitebaits stimulates it growth and leads to unwanted microflora suppresion in water as well as in fish bodies. The optimal schedule of L. сasei UCM 7280 bioencapsulation into live feed with Daphnia magna as an example is designed and suggested. It is shown that bioencapsulation procedure realization does not repress D. magna΄s normal mocrobiome, provides the increase of proteins and lipids level for 1,2 and 1,4 times accordingly and spends up the increasing of density level of fodder organisms.

At present, nanotechnology is taking the leading role in various industries, medicine, and agriculture all over the world. Fundamentally different properties are inherent in nanoparticles, in particular, a high capacity for accumulation in living organisms by overcoming biobarriers, increasing bioavailability and binding with the main components of cells. The article studies the peculiarities of the influence of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on metabolic pathways in the body of broiler chickens. The data on the use of metal nanoparticles, in particular, a material based on cerium, as an alternative to feed antibiotics for increasing the productivity of livestock and poultry farming has been analyzed. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on the biochemical blood profile of chickens with meat production. For the studies carried out at the Research Institute of Ecology and Biotechnology of the Bila Tserkva NAU, a new multifunctional antioxidant was used - nanodispersed cerium dioxide, developed by the D. K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the NASU, Ukraine. For the scientific and economic experience there were formed 3 groups of broilers of the ROSS 308 cross according to the principle of analogous groups (control and 2 experimental groups, 100 heads each). For 58 days, the experimental groups of birds with drinking water were added nanodispersed cerium dioxide at a dose of 8.6 mg/l during the first 14 days. Course was repeated after 7 (group 1) and 14 days (group 2) breaks. As a result of the studies, it was found that the blood parameters of broilers, characterizing the main types of metabolism were within the physiological norm. There was a tendency to activation of lipid and protein metabolism, which contributed to the intensification of the growth of young animals. The use of nanodispersed cerium dioxide as a promising material for increasing the productivity of poultry farming and as an alternative to feed antibiotics is argued. In further studies, it is advisable to study the action of cerium dioxide nanoparticles to study all possible mechanisms of its biological activity.

The presented analytical review summarizes the data of the world and national literature on the features of the accumulation of microelement nanoparticles in the body, their effects on metabolism, redox processes and productivity of poultry. The attention is paid to the toxicity of various forms and sources of the considered elements, their mutual influence on bioavailability, antagonism and the rate of excretion. The need to study the peculiarities of the use of nanoparticles and their efficiency in the production of livestock products is constantly increasing. Evidence of the positive application of nanoforms of elements (zinc, silver, selenium, cerium, iron) in the diets of different species of farm poultry is considered due to their metabolic, antimicrobial action, influence on digestion and regulation of bowel function. Analyzed data indicate that nanoparticles of metals and non-metals in animal husbandry are an alternative to feed antibiotics for antibacterial action, increase the productivity of animals and poultry, can activate metabolism by stimulating the activity of hormones, optimize the immune response of the organism, induce syntheses and metabolism. Nanoparticles of metals and non-metals have been found to reduce the mineral antagonism in case of contact with the intestine, which contributes to the efficiency of digestion. Changes in the prooxidant-oxidant status of the blood of animals by the use of test nanoparticles and changes in homeostasis indices that are positive for poultry due to increased productivity, intensification of egg production, their weight and fertilization rate of hatching eggs have been established. Influence of nanoparticles on redox homeostasis and processes of lipid and protein peroxidation are established. The use of nanoscale drugs for use in biology, medicine, veterinary medicine, agriculture, and the need for further research to study all possible mechanisms of biological action of nanostructures are argued. Key words: trace elements, nanoparticles, poultry, feeding, silver, zinc, selenium, cerium dioxide.

Thyme belongs to a genus encompassing over 215 species of hardy perennial herbaceous plants and sub-shrubs, which are native to Europe, particularly around the Mediterranean. Thymus vulgaris L., or garden thyme, with narrow small leaves and clusters of tubular mauve flowers, is used mainly in cookery. Dried herb yields 1% and more essential oil, which is a pale yellowish-red liquid with a sweet, very aromatic odour. Thyme is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and is a source of substances of antimicrobial effect upon antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. The purpose of our work was to identify the biochemical and antimicrobial peculiarities of Th. vulgaris essential oil against clinical isolates of opportunistic microorganisms. The analysis of thyme essential oil was carried out using GC/MS analysis. The clinical isolates were isolated with the use of differentially diagnostic nutrient media. The antibiotic susceptibility was identified with the help of the disc-diffusion test. The sensitivity of microorganisms to plant extracts was determined by the agar diffusion test. The antibiofilm activity of the extracts was tested in standard 96-well microtitration plates. The GC/MS results confirm the earlier reports that the major volatile constituents obtained from the aerial parts of thyme species were thymol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, 3-carene and carvacrol. After subjecting the selected essential oil to effective steam distillation, substantial contents of phenolic monoterpenoids were obtained – thymol (67.7%) and γ-terpinene (8.2%). The European Pharmacopoeia set quality standards for thyme essential oil, which dealt mainly with the % content (w/w) of the volatile phenols (expressed as thymol: 36.0–55.0%). Garden thyme essential oil has been found to show a high antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant microorganism strains. The obtained results proved the wide spectrum of antibiotic activity of thyme essential oil. The highest antimicrobial activity was registered against the typical and clinic strains of S. aureus and microscopic Candida genus fungi. Garden thyme essential oil was ascertained to show high antibiofilm-forming activity against S. aureus. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm-forming activities of thyme essential oil against both bacterial pathogens of opportunistic infections and microscopic fungi have proven the good prospects for development of a broad-spectrum agent against opportunistic microbial associations based on this oil.

Wound healing in diabetes is frequently impaired and its treatment remains a challenge. The ability of topical application of cerium (Ce) dioxide nanoparticles (CNPs) to accelerate wound healing in an animal model provides a rationale to develop this technology for use in humans affected by traumatic injury, diabetes and burns. We first described a case report of successful topical treatment of neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers with novel gel containing CNPs. The CNPs has bacteriostatic activity, anti-inflammatory properties and can penetrated into the wound tissue and reduced oxidative damage therefore protect regenerative tissue, suggesting a therapeutic potential for topical treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.

Встановлено, що нанокристалічний діоксид церію посилював у старих щурів моторну активність шлунка та товстої кишки на відміну від церукалу та сенаде. Нанокристалічний діоксид церію – ефективніший прокі- нетику, ніж сучасні. Отримані результати можуть бути підґрунтям для створення на основі нанокриста- лічногодіоксиду церію протизакрепних засобів нового покоління. In this paper was carried out a comparative study of action of the cerucal, sennosides and NCD on motor function of the stomach and colon in rats. The experiments were performed by ballonographic method.It is shown that cerucal reduces motor, tonic and phasic indexes, amplitude, frequency of the contractions of the stomach and colon in rats. Sennoides increased only the frequency of the contractions, whereas other parameters of motor activity it decreases. It was found that the NCD has stimulated the amplitude, frequency, phase and motor indexes of spontaneous contractile activity of the stomach and colon in rats of both age groups. Thus, the NDC showed effective prokineticffects than current prokinetics. Based on the NCD can be created a prokineticsa new generation.

Developed experimental assays enable us to compare the antimicrobial activity of herbal medicinal drugs on Lactobacillus and Bacillus strains probiotics, which have been claimed to possess the ability of suppressing the growth of various oral pathogens. In the treatment of periodontal disease it is advisable to use a comprehensive approach which would include the application of herbal remedies and probiotics. The combination of such effects may be a new approach in dentistry due to their complementary antimicrobial activity. In this study, we researched antimicrobial effects of herbal medicinal drugs (tinctures of some medical plants, solutions Rotocanum and Chlorophyllipt) against collection strains and clinical strains isolated from the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis, and probiotic strains Bacillus subtilis UKM В-5007 and Bacillus licheniformis UKM В-5514 that are part of the active base of probiotic Biosporin (Ukraine), Bacillus clausii from the probiotic Normaflore (Hungary), as well as the strains Lactobacillus spp. – from probiotic Lactobacterinum (Biopharma, Ukraine). For investigation, the standard agar dilution method was used in modification with glass cylinders. The results of the research showed that among the studied herbal medicinal remedies, tinctures of Eucalypthus viminalis, Mentha piperita and Chlorophyllipt had the strongest antimicrobial activity. Probiotic strains are also sensitive to herbal tinctures (except the tinctura of wormwood), which indicate the possibility of only consecutive usage (with an interval of time) of herbal remedies and probiotics in combination therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases.

There was studied the influence of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on the cytokines production in the conditions of their application in the composition with interferon and as an independent drug. Applying the CDN in combination with IFN showed an increased interferon response of experimental mice compared with unmodified IFN. IFN-CDN nanobiocomplex does not increase the level of TNF production, which indirectly indicates the safety of the applying of such complex. There was studied the effect of CDN as a therapeutic agent on the cytokines production in the treatment of modeled herpes simplex virus-1 infection. It was found that CDN is able to increase IFN and TNF levels and prolong their effects. It was found that NDC is able to increase the level of IFN and FNP and prolong their effects. The application of CDN caused increasing of TNF levels and their prolonging action. There was shown the significant increasing (to three weeks) in IFN titers on the step of decreasing in TNF titers in the group, that was infected and then treated with NCD. In the non-treated group and in the aciclovir-treated animal group, IFN titers were significantly lower.The obtained results testify to the effectiveness of NDC as a modifying agent for interferon and as a promising agent for the treatment of systemic herpetic infection

Microbiome-modulating interventions are promising for treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. The number of probiotic strains demonstrated ability to decrease cholesterol level in vivo, however, it was poorly confirmed in a clinical setting. The aim was to study the effects of L. acidophilus IMV B-7279, L. casei IMV B-7280, B. animalіs VKL and B. animalіs VKB separately and in various compositions on the level of serum cholesterol, gut microbiota contents and liver morphology on a high-calorie-induced obesity model in BALB/c mice. We used for the study female BALB/c mice 6–8 weeks old (18–24 g). Experimental animals were fed by a fat-enriched diet (FED), and 8 experimental groups were formed (12 mice in each group) to test strains of probiotic bacteria L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, L. casei IMV B-7280, B. animalіs VKL and B. animalіs VKB and compositions. We used ultrasound for in vivo assessment of the liver and visceral (mesenteric) fat size. In the blood serum of the obese mice, the level of cholesterol was estimated. The liver morphology and gut microbiota of obese mice were studied. We revealed that after treatment with all of the studied probiotic bacteria and compositions of B. animalis VKL/B. animalis VKB/L. casei IMV B-7280, the weight of obese mice decreased, and cholesterol and its fraction levels in serum were reduced. The size of the liver slightly decreased after treatment with L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, B. аnimalis VKB or probiotic compositions; we observed reduction of the mesenteric fat size after injection of all these probiotic bacteria (separately) and probiotic compositions. We defined the strain-dependent effects on serum lipid profiles, liver morphology and the gut microbiota. The B. animalis VKL/B. animalis VKB/L. casei IMV B-7280 composition effectively recovered the liver morphological structure of obese mice. The number of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and coliform bacteria increased, the number of staphylococci and streptococci reduced, and the number of microscopic fungi significantly decreased in the gut of obese mice after treatment with L. casei IMV B-7280, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, B. animalis (separately) or their compositions. L. casei IMV B-7280 (separately) and a composition of B. animalis VKL/B. animalis VKB/L. casei IMV B-7280 are effective at decreasing the weight of obese mice, decreasing cholesterol level, restoring the liver morphology and beneficially modulating the gut microbiome in high-calorie-induced obesity.

Background Nowadays, we face the global epidemic of obesity, that is known to contribute to the development of many diseases, such as the oral cavity pathologies. Dental and oral pathologies are frequently caused by and overlapped with systemic multifactorial diseases such as obesity being its early indicators and risk factors. The aim was to study the influence of nanoceria on periodontal tissues alteration in glutamate (MSG)-induced obese rats. Methods We included 52 Wistar rats of both genders and divided into four groups: newborn rats in group 1 (control) received subcutaneously 8 μl/g saline. Group 2 received 3 to 4 mg/g MSG subcutaneously on the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth day of life; group 3—intragastric administration of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide at a dose of 1 mg/kg volume of 2.9 ml/kg against the background of glutamate-induced obesity; the fourth group of animals was treated with a solution of sodium citrate intragastric volume of 2.9 ml/kg (solvent of nanocrystalline cerium). We determined the total proteolytic activity, the total antitrypsin activity, the content-free fucose and glycosaminoglycanes (GAG), content of TBA-active of products, the content of oxidation-modified proteins (OMB), and catalase activity in the homogenate of soft periodontal tissues of rats. Results Intragastric injection of nanoceria prevents activation of proteolytic processes, reducing the catabolism of glycoproteins and proteoglycans of periodontal tissue in MSG-induced obese rats. Injection of nanoceria prevents activation of proteolytic processes, significantly decreases the total proteolytic activity, and inhibits the activation of free radical oxidation in periodontal tissues of rats compared with MSG-induced obesity model without corrections. Further, it significantly increases the total antitrypsin activity in periodontal tissues by 1.7 times, TBA-reagents by 1.7 times, and content of OMB by 1.4 times compared with glutamate-induced obese animals. Conclusions MSG-induced obesity triggers periodontal tissue alterations in the rat model. Nanoceria contributes to the corrections of pathological changes in periodontal tissues in glutamate-induced obese rats via balancing protein-inhibitory capacity and reducing the depolymerization of fucosylated proteins and proteoglycans and antioxidative activity.

Recently probiotics have been started to be commonly used as a subsidiary therapy during many illnesses, such as intestinal and urogenital infections, diseases of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract, also joints and connective tissue lesions, some cancers, allergies, dermatological and dental diseases. However, there are still no summary guidelines for selection and estimation of probiotic strains for different clinical cases. Thus, we have made a general conclusion of estimation of probiotics` quality and development of rational principles of probiotic therapy usage in clinical practice during the treatment of patients with the most common diseases and for their prevention. There are described key principles of implementation of step-by-step estimation of probiotic culture quality in foodstuff according to regulations of World Health Organization, European Union, Ukraine and other countries. The requirements are presented for the evaluation of safety of probiotic cultures, which include testing of their in vitro and in vivo activity in different experimental models, as well as a study of their therapeutic efficacy in clinical practice in the treatment of patients and in long periods after probiotic therapy. Also there are some evidences of possible side effects, risks or low efficiency that depends on individual characteristics of the gut microbiota quantitative and qualitative composition of each patient and stage, heaviness of clinical course of each specific disease. That`s why it is very important to take all circumstances of patients` status into account and collect all previous stored knowledge of probiotics` usage

BACKGROUND: Microbiome modulation is a pillar intervention to treat metabolic syndrome, prestages, and cascade of related pathologies such as atherosclerosis, among others. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotic strains demonstrate efficacy to reduce obesity, dyslipidemia, and improve metabolic health. Novel prebiotic substances composed with known probiotics may strongly synergize health benefits to the host. The aim of this study was to evaluate beneficial effects of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains (probiotics) if composed with nanoceria (potential prebiotic) to reduce cholesterol levels and restore gut microbiota in obese mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two lines of mice were used in the study: BALB/c mice (6–8 weeks, 18–24 g) and CBA mice (11–12 months, 20–26 g); experimental animals were fed by fat-enriched diet 3 weeks before the evaluation. Animals were divided into groups to test probiotic strains and nanoceria. All groups received probiotic strains orally and cerium dioxide orally or intravenously in various composition. A group of untreated animals was used as a control. Cholesterol level and gut microbiota of mice were studied. RESULTS: Cerium dioxide nanoparticles, probiotic strain L. casei ІМV В-7280, and composition B. animalis VKB/B. animalis VKL applied separately and in different combinations all reduced at different levels free and bound cholesterol in blood serum of mice fed by fat-enriched diet. The combination of 0.01 M nanoceria and probiotic strain L. casei ІМV В-7280 resulted in the fastest cholesterol level decrease in both young and mature animals. Oral administration of CeO(2) applied alone reduced the number of microscopic fungi in the gut of mice and Gram-positive cocci (staphylococci and/or streptococci). Application of L. casei IMV B-7280 as a probiotic strain increased most significantly the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the gut of mice. The most significant normalization of gut microbiota was observed after oral administration of alternatively either L. casei IMV B-7280 + 0.1 M CeO(2) or L. casei IMV B-7280 + 0.01 M CeO(2). CONCLUSION: Dietary application of nanoceria combined with probiotic strains L. casei IMV B-7280, B. animalis VKB, and B. animals VKL has significantly reduced both free and bound cholesterol levels in serum. Simultaneous administration of probiotics and cerium nanoparticles as a prebiotic, in various combinations, significantly enhanced positive individual effects of them on the gut microbiota spectrum. The presented results provide novel insights into mechanisms behind nutritional supplements and open new perspectives for application of probiotics combined with substances demonstrating prebiotic qualities benefiting, therefore, the host health. Follow-up translational measures are discussed to bring new knowledge from lab to the patient. If validated in a large-scale clinical study, this approach might be instrumental for primary and secondary prevention in obese individual and patients diagnosed with diabetes. To this end, individualized prediction and treatments tailored to the person are strongly recommended to benefit the health condition of affected individuals.

We have studied the effect of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide (NCD) on the morphological state of the gastric mucosa and colon in rats of different ages. It was found the degenerative changes and dysregeneration (violation the ratio of value of major and parietal cells), atrophic or hyperplastic changes. NCD restored the processes of differentiation and proliferation of epithelial cells of gastric glands. In the control group of old rats mucosa of the colon was focal thinner, the cells had degenerative changes, it was observed the change in nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of cells, were found foci of infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells. NCD in old rats caused a decrease in the number of cells in a state of degeneration and apoptosis, increased proliferative activity of cells increased the number of goblet cells. Thus, NCD restored morpho-functional structure of the mucous of the stomach and colon.

Background. One of the pathogenic mechanisms of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn aggravates the disease progress. We have investigated novel cerium dioxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) due to their promising antioxidant auto-regenerative ability and low toxicity.Methods. 30 white male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control, monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity and MSG treated with nCeO2 (MSG+nCeO2) groups. Newborn rats of control group were injected with saline (control). MSG- and MSG+nCeO2 groups were injected with MSG (4 mg/g concentration, 8 µl/g volume) between the 2nd and the 10th days of life subcutaneously [13]. At the age of 1 month, rats of group II were administered water 2.9 ml/kg orally, MSG+nCeO2 group received 1 mM solution of nCeO2 1 mg/kg orally. 4-months rats were sacrificed and the liver was harvested for histological and biochemical analysis. To assess the morphological changes in the liver we used NAS (NAFLD activity score). The content of lipid peroxidation products and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the liver were studied by standard biochemical methods [Refs].Results. In 4-month rats we found significantly lower total score (1.3±0.26 vs 3.6±0.34, p

We have demonstrated the influence of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on the immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine on an example of liquid split inactivated Vaxigrip vaccine. Antibody titers were analyzed using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Seroprotection, seroconversion, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) and the factor increase (FI) in the GMTs were calculated. The effect of nano-ceria surface stabilizer on the enhancement of immunogenicity was shown. The vaccine modified by citrate-stabilized nano-ceria, in contrast to a non-modified Vaxigrip vaccine, did not provide an adequate level of seroprotection, and seroconversion after vaccination was 66.7% on days 49–63 for virus strain А(H1N1) and 100% on day 49 for virus strain B/Yamagata. For the low immunogenic influenza B virus, the rise in antibody titers (GMT/IF) was 24.38/3.28 after the first injection and 50.40/6.79 on day 49. For the vaccine modified by non-stabilized nano-ceria, for all virus strains under study, on day 63, upon immunization notable levels of seroprotection, seroconversion and GMT/IF were registered (higher than for the non-modified Vaxigrip vaccine). The successful attempt to modify the influenza vaccine demonstrates the possible ways of increasing the specific activity of vaccines using nano-ceria.

The modification the gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome and associated chronic diseases is among leading tasks of microbiome research and needs for clinical use of probiotics. Evidence lack for the implications for microbiome modification to improve metabolic health in particular when applied impersonalized. Probiotics have tremendous potential in personalized nutrition and medicine to develop healthy diets. The aim was to to conduct comprehensive overview of recent updates of role of microbiota on human health and development of metabolic syndrome and efficacy of microbiota modulation considering specific properties of probiotic strain and particular aspects of metabolic syndrome and patient`s phenotype to fill the gap between probiotic product and individual to facilitate development of individualized / personalized probiotic and prebiotic treatments. We discuss the relevance of using host phenotype-associated biomarkers, those based on imaging and molecular and patrient`s history, reliable and accessible to facilitate person-specific appication of probiotics and prebiotic substances. Microbiome phenotypes can be parameters of predictive medicine to recognize patient`s predispositions and evaluate treatment responses; the number of phenotype markers can be effectively involved to monitor microbiome modulation. The studied strain-dependent properties of probiotic strains are potentially relevant for individualized treatment for gut and distant sites microbiome modulation. The evidence regarding probiotic strains properties can be taken to account via pathophysiology-based approach for most effective individualized treatment via gut, oral and vaginal and other sites microbiome modulation according to phenotype of the patient providing individualized and personalized medical approaches. Preventive potential of probiotics is strong and well-documented. Recommendations for individualized clinical use of probiotics, and for probiotic studies design have been suggested.

Introduction. The use of probiotics demonstrate efficacy against obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Detection effective probiotic strains for hyperglycemia and immunity associated with is important task. The aim of the study was to evaluate an influence of Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280 separately and composition L. casei IMV B-7280 / Bifidobacterium animalis VKB / B. animalis VKL on the levels of blood glucose and immunity in obese mice. Meterials and methods. Obesity was induced by fat-enriched diet (FED) in male BALB/c mice. Obese mice were transferred to standard diet and received per os probiotic strains daily during 10 days. We measured tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) in blood serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and functional activity of peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs). Glucose levels in blood was defined with glucometer. Results. We ascertained that all probiotic strains induced reducing mice weight and visceral fat, normalization of TNF-a production and functional activity of PEMs. Treatment with L. casei IMV B-7280 was associated with decreasing blood glucose levels. No normalization of glucose and TNF-a levels in obese mice, transferred to standard diet without probiotic treatment, although we revealed decreasing their weight and visceral fat and partial recover of functional activity of PEMs. Conclusions. Probiotic strain L. casei IMV B-7280 (separately) and composition L. casei IMV B-7280 / B. animalis VKB / B. animalis VKL can re-equilibrate metabolic and inflammation indices in mouse obesity model. L. casei IMV B-7280 alone was more efficient in decreasing glucose levels than composition of strains.

Background Probiotics have tremendous potential to develop healthy diets and integrated approach for immunity-related diseases treatment and prevention;1,2 are effective actors in distant sites3 with strong potential for applications in rheumatology. The cell wall of probiotic bacteria plays an essential role in many aspects of modulating beneficial immune response;4 its elasticity properties associated with probiotic beneficial effects and can warrant to stratify strains on their modulatory activity on innate immunity to justify individualised and personalised approach for nutrition and prevention. Objectives The aim was to study the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria strains on phagocytic system cells functional activity and immunoregulatory cytokines synthesis in vitro in regards to the bacteria surface properties as cell walls elasticity using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Methods We conducted experimental studies on BALB/c line mice 18–20 g weight using lyophilized strains of LAB – Lactobacillus acidophilus IMV B-7279, L. casei IMV B-7280, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281 and bifidobacteria – Bifidobacterium animalis VKL, B. animalis VKB. We cultivated the macrophages received from the peritoneal cavity of mice by common method individually with the strains of LAB and bifidobacteria. We estimated the impact of LAB and bifidobacteria strains on the functional activity of peritoneal cavity macrophages using the conventional methods of study oxygen-dependent bactericidal activity, nitric oxide production, their effect on the immunoregulatory cytokines. We used AFM scanning to estimate bacteria cell walls elasticity. Results All strains demonstrated a stimulating effect on the functional activity of macrophages and ability to produce NO/NO2 in vitro. Lactobacilli strains increased the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ in vitro. The AFM demonstrated different degree of the cell walls elasticity in various strains of LAB and bifidobacteria. Among lactobacilli the most elastic cell wall was found in L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, and among bifidobacteria – in B. animalis VKL, which induced the considerable activation of the phagocytes. Probiotic strains survival in the macrophages depended on the elasticity of bacterial cell walls and on the time of their joint cultivation. Conclusions LAB and bifidobacteria strains stimulate immunomodulatory cytokines and active oxygen and nitrogen oxides compounds production in macrophages. Strains with a more elastic cell wall according to AFM data demonstrated higher resistance to intracellular digestion in macrophages and higher level of their activation. AFM might be considered as a fast and accurate method to assess parameters of probiotic strains cell wall to predict their beneficial immune-modulatory properties. Further large-scale preclinical research needed for future application in rheumatic diseases treatment and prevention. References [1] Bubnov RV, et al. EPMA J. 2015;6:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13167-015-0036-0 [2] Reid G, et al. Benef Microbes2017;8(4):521–533. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2016.0222 [3] Bubnov RV, Babenko LP, Lazarenko LM, et al. EPMA Journal2017;8:357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-017-0117-3 [4] Mokrozub VV, et al. EPMA Journal2015;6:13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13167-015-0035-1 Disclosure of Interest None declared

BACKGROUND: Probiotics have tremendous potential to develop healthy diets, treatment, and prevention. Investigation of in vitro cultural properties of health-promoting microorganisms like lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria is crucial to select probiotic strains for treatments based on gut microbiota modulation to justify individualized and personalized approach for nutrition and prevention of variety of diseases. The aim was to study the biological properties of LAB and bifidobacteria probiotic strains, namely adhesive properties; resistance to antibiotics; and biological fluids (gastric juice, bile, pancreatic enzymes), and to overview the literature in the field. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied six LAB strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus ІМV В-7279, L. casei ІМV В-7280, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ІМV В-7281, L. rhamnosus LB-3 VK6, L. delbrueckii LE VK8, L. plantarum LM VK7), and two bifidobacteria strains (Bifidobacterium animalis VKL, B. animalis VKB). We characterized tinctorial, culturally morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties of probiotic strains of LAB and bifidobacteria by commonly used research methods. Determination of the resistance to antibiotics was carried out using disc-diffusion method. The effects of gastric juice, bile, and pancreatin on the viability of LAB and bifidobacteria were evaluated. Adhesive properties of LAB and bifidobacteria to epithelial cells were assessed calculating three indicators: average adhesion rate (AAR), participation rate of epithelial cells (PRE), and adhesiveness index of microorganisms (AIM). Electron microscopy of LAB and bifidobacteria cells was conducted. RESULTS: The studied strains of LAB and bifidobacteria did not form spores, were positively stained by Gram, grow on medium in a wide range of pH (1.0–9.0, optimum pH 5.5–6.5), were sensitive to a wide range of antibiotics; and showed different resistance to gastric juice, bile, and pancreatic enzymes. The most resistant to antibiotics were L. rhamnosus LB-3 VK6 and L. delbrueckii LE VK8 strains. The most susceptible to gastric juice was L. plantarum LM VK7, which stopped its growth at 8% of gastric juice; L. acidophilus IMV B-7279, B. animalis VKL, and B. animalis VKB strains were resistant even in the 100% concentration. Strains L. acidophilus IMV В-7279, L. casei IMV В-7280, B. animalis VKL, B. animalis VKB, L. rhamnosus LB-3 VK6, L. delbrueckii LE VK8, and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV В-7281 were resistant to pancreatic enzymes. Adhesive properties of the strains according to AIM index were high in L. casei IMV В-7280, B. animalis VKL, and B. animalis VKB; were moderate in L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV В-7281; and were low in L. acidophilus IMV В-7279, L. rhamnosus LB-3 VK6, L. delbrueckii LE VK8, and L. plantarum LM VK7. CONCLUSION: We recognized strain-dependent properties of studied LAB and bifidobacteria probiotic strains (adhesive ability, resistance to antibiotics, and gut biological fluids) and discussed potential for most effective individualized treatment for gut and distant sites microbiome modulation.

It was studied the effect of probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium animalis VKL, Bifidobacterium animalis VKB and Lactobacillus casei IMVB-7280, and their mixtures on erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa (GM) of rats. GM was induced by water-immersion restraint stress. It was found that investigated probiotics did not have gastroprotective properties under a single and seven-day prophylactic administration. However, multiprobiotics (polyprobiotic Bifidobacterium animalis VKL and Bifidobacterium animalis VKB and composite probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis VKL, Bifidobacterium animalis VKB and Lactobacillus casei IMVB-7280) reduced the erosive and ulcerative lesions and the intensity of bleeding in rat GM when given within 14 days. It was shown that one of the mechanisms of antiulcer preventive effect of the multistrain probiotics is the restoration of pro/antioxidant balance in the GM under the stress action. The obtained results show the effectiveness of poly- and composite probiotics in the gastric ulcer prevention.

Introduction Meeting definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) requires detection of central obesity (increasing waist circumference, WC) plus any two of the other four factors (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, hypertension) [1]. Multiparameter ultrasound (US) can provide accurate information on every MetS sign [2]. The Aim was to evaluate the relevance of measurement of visceral fat and posture and detecting metabolic health markers using US for diagnosis MetS and stratification overweight patients. Materials and Methods We included 120 overweight subjects (age 24-76 years; 65 females), BMI > 30, waist circumference (WC) > 110. 30 healthy volunteers were controls. All patients underwent general clinical, lab tests; abdominal US using convex 2-7 MHz probes was carried out to all patients including multiparameter US of liver, bile ducts, measuring shear wave elastography (SWE). We determined fat accumulations measuring VF and subcutaneous (SF) fat thickness (cm) and areas (cm2) on US and measured postural stability parameter (abdominal wall, diaphragm and pelvic floor motility); cardia structure (GERD signs) using dynamic US. We also included to the protocol measurements of liver, spleen and pancreas size and structure, the diameters of bile ducts; visualizing colon (anti)peristalsis; detection US signs of gastritis, nephropathy when appropriate. Results SF was 33 ± 7 mm, VF was 26 ± 6 mm (p 0.85). Higher incidence of hypertension (in 62 %); hypercholesterolemia (in 45 %); hyperuricemia (in 28 %); hyperglycemia (in 32 %); nephropathy (in 37 %), portal hypertension (in 32 %) was in obese individuals (p Conclusion Multiparameter abdominal US markers including evaluation of visceral fat and posture are robust and accessible markers to measure metabolic disease in obese patients, can be more reliable vs anthropometric data to define MetS.

Objectives Diagnostic ultrasound (US) using general US imaging devices can be effectively used for preclinical studies in small animals providing dynamic life-time control [1], furthermore, can enhance drug delivery and therapeutic effects with visual treatment monitoring (theranostic). The Aim was to develop model of metabolic syndrome in small animals using general US machines for longitudinal in vivo observation and screening large numbers of cases for facilitating further translation. Methods The modeling of metabolic syndrome performed compliance with the ethical standards and includes conducting an experiment on laboratory animals (mice, rats, murine) with the introduction of high calorie diet or industrial fat-enriched diet; and further US monitoring using 5–20 MHz probes of diagnostic US machines in grey scale, Doppler, sonoelastography, M-mode detecting tissue movement, US-guided interventions, injection US contrast agents: 1) for precise diagnosis transabdominal US detecting signs of metabolic syndrome via detailed imaging of internal organs: liver size, echogeneicity, stiffness, kidneys structure, Doppler measuring resistance index (RI) on segmental renal arteries, spleen length, muscle thickness at the midfemoral level, assessment of visceral vessels, systemic hemodynamics, etc.; 2) for screening all involved animals we measured the visceral fat thickness (threshold considered as 1.5 mm in mice) on sagittal probe position and collected records of panoramic abdominal scans (in sagittal and transverse probe positions) and measured the largest longitudinal liver size (via subcostal approach). Weight, body size, laboratory indices (cholesterol, uric acid, glucose, etc.), microbiome, genetic markers were also determined. After sacrificing we evaluated studied organs. Results The model was successfully applied to study effects of new drugs: probiotic strains on high calorie-induced obesity model in BALB/c during 21 days [2] and prebiotic on high-calorie diet-induced obesity in rats [3]. US detected development metabolic syndrome, endogenous intoxication syndrome, visceral obesity and liver and kidney dysfunction in mouse and rats. Ultrasound data showed visceral obesity, injury of the liver and organs in all experimental animals. We revealed nephropathy signs (thinning, increasing echogenicity of kidney parenchyma, detecting increasing RI in renal arteries (over 0.7) was feasible in rats. Studies using the models demonstrated efficacy of studied strains, substances improving parameters during experiment. All observed changes were confirmed post mortem. Conclusions The method of modeling is reliable, allows to monitor metabolic syndrome signs with high translation potential reflecting development disease in humans.

The new mechanism of the virus activity inhibition is proposed. The idea is based on the nonspecific interaction between the viral particle and nanoparticles forming a stable bound state. The formation of the interaction potential between the virus and nanoparticles is caused by the presence of both linear and nonlinear polarizabilities, leading to the emergence of the attractive and repulsive parts of the potential, respectively.

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on the expression levels of genes, encoded transcription and growth factors, which are important for control of cell proliferation and survival in human astrocytes. Exposure of astrocytes with cerium dioxide nanoparticles (0.17 and 0.34 mg/ml of medium) during 20 h significantly decreases the expression level of transcription factors TBX3, E2F8 and FOXF1 mRNAs, being stronger for higher doses of nanoparticles. Moreover, the expression levels of IGFBP1 and IGFBP2 as well as LIF mRNA also significantly decreased in astrocytes after treatment with cerium dioxide nanoparticles. It is possible that the observed changes in the expression profile of the studied genes in astrocytes treated with cerium dioxide nanoparticles are associated with its toxic effect mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor-signaling systems in part through the bifunctional membrane enzyme ERN1. Thus, cerium dioxide nanoparticles have a significant effect on important regulatory mechanisms, which control cell proliferation and survival in human astrocytes. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Einfluss von Cerdioxid-Nanopartikeln auf die Expression von Transkriptions- und Wachstumsfaktoren humaner Astrozyten, die Proliferation und Uberleben regulieren. Eine Exposition humaner Astrozyten mit Cerdioxid-Nanopartikeln (0,17 und 0,34 mg/ml) fur 20 Stunden in vitro fuhrte zu einer signifikanten Herabregulierung der Transkriptionsfaktoren TBX3, E2F8 und FOXF1. Dieser Effekt nahm mit zunehmender Cerdioxid-Konzentration zu. Die Expression von IGFBP1, IGFBP2 und LIF mRNA nahm hingegen signifikant ab. Die toxische Wirkung von Cerdioxid wird offenbar durch Stress-Sensor-Systeme im endoplasmatischen Retikulum unter Beteiligung des bifunktionalen Transmembranproteins ERN-1 vermittelt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Cerdioxid-Nanopartikel eine entscheidende Rolle in Regulationsprozessen spielen, welche Wachstum und Uberleben humaner Astrozyten kontrollieren.

Background Worldwide obesity spread is a global health problem and needs to be further studied. Co-morbidities of obesity include insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, and dyslipidemia, which are the most frequent contributing factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease. The aim was to study renal function and endogenous intoxication panel on high-calorie diet-induced obesity rat model and perform comparative study of the treatment efficacy of Fenugreek-based bionanocomposite vs antiobesogenic drugs (Orlistat). Materials We included 60 male rats and equally divided them to 6 groups of 10 animals in each group: the experimental groups were firstly assigned as controls and high caloric diet (HCD)-fed groups, and each group further was subdivided to remain untreated, Fenugreek bionanocomposite (BNC)-treated, and Orlistat-treated. Normal control rats (groups 1, 2, 3) were fed by a standard chow, while the others (groups 4, 5, 6) were fed with HCD ad libitum during 98 days. From days 77 to 98, groups 2 and 5 were treated with BNC based on Fenugreek (150 mg/kg body weight, orally) and groups 3 and 6 were treated with antiobesogenic drug Orlistat (10 mg/kg body weight, orally). Food and water consumptions were measured daily and body weights were measured once a week. On day 99, blood was collected; the creatinine, urea, and uric acid were estimated in serum according to the standard protocols. Levels of low and middle molecules (MMs) were measured; the quantity of oligopeptides was estimated by Bradford method. We performed the liver and kidney ultrasonography in rats. Results We revealed an increase in the levels of endogenous intoxication syndrome markers (MM and oligopeptides) in all animals with experimental obesity. Ultrasound data showed injury of the liver and kidneys in obese rats. We observed significant decreasing of MM levels after Orlistat treatment vs controls (p p Conclusion High-calorie diet-induced obesity evokes endogenous intoxication syndrome and kidney dysfunction in rats. Application of Orlistat- and Fenugreek-based BNC decreases MM content to the normal level. Orlistat induces increasing levels of oligopeptides in both groups, likely due to adverse side effects on renal function and its pro-oxidant activity.

Background Obesity is a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The disease is associated with impairment of pro/antioxidant equilibrium and the inflammation in liver tissue. The aim of the work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of the nanocrystalline cerium dioxide (nCeO2) on the rat model of NAFLD associated with monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity. Methods The study was carried out on three groups of rats: control, MSG- and MSG + nCeO2. They were injected with saline (control) or MSG. A month after born MSG-rats had been treated with water in a volume of 2.9 ml/kg, MSG + CeO2 groups – with CeO2 intragastrically (i.g.). The anthropometric and carbohydrate metabolism parameters, content of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12Bp40, interferon-γ (INF-γ)) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β)) were measured by ELISA. Results We have demonstrated the anti-obesity effect of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide and for the first time its anti-inflammatory properties. Nanoparticles reduced the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-12Bp40) in rat serum and restored the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β) to the control values. Conclusion The precise mechanisms of this phenomenon remain to be unclear but we suppose they are at least partially associated with the strong anti-oxidant action of studied substance. Nanocrystalline cerium dioxide attenuates the inflammatory processes in rat blood that can prevent obesity complications and liver injury.

In our previous works, the important therapeutic properties of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide such as strong antioxidant ability, prebiotical and antibiotic activity were shown. Such properties were obtained due to stabilization of nanoparticles with precise size 3-7nm. Such modification of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide has contributed to its remarkable efficacy and low toxicity. We have carried out the investigation of toxicity of the nanodrug and revealed that in the condition of the acute toxicity test, LD 50 was 2000mg/kg when it was administered per os. This indicator is approximately 1000 times greater than effective dose of the compound that proved the possibility of its usage for humans. Considering the strong antioxidant properties of this substance, we have performed the investigation of the influence of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide on the erosive-ulcerative lesions in gastric mucosa of rats induced by Selye's restraint stress. It was established that the studied compound significantly reduced the lesions area by 58.3% (p

Background To investigate the efficacy of different probiotic strains, their combinations and forms (alive or lyophilized) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevention. Methods In this study, 70 rats have been used divided into 7 groups of 10 animals in each: I – intact rats, II-VII – rats with monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced NAFLD. Rats with NAFLD were untreated (group II, MSG-obesity group) and treated with probiotics (groups III–VII). In order to develop NAFLD, newborn rats of groups II–VII were injected with a solution of monosodium glutamate (MSG) (4 mg/g) subcutaneously (s.c.) at 2nd,4th, 6th, 8th,10th postnatal day. The groups III–V received lyophilized monoprobiotics B. animalis VKL, B. animalis VKB, L.casei IMVB-7280, respectively. The group VI received 2.5 ml/kg of an aqueous solution of a mixture of the three probiotic strains (2:1:1 Lactobacillus casei IMVB-7280, Bifidobacterium animalis VKL, Bifidobacterium animalis VKB) at a dose of 50 mg/kg (5 × 109 CFU/kg) (g) (intragastrically). The group VII was treated with multiprobiotic “Symbiter” containing biomass of 14 alive probiotic strains (Lactobacillus + Lactococcus (6 × 1010 CFU/g), Bifidobacterium (1 × 1010/g), Propionibacterium (3 × 1010/g), Acetobacter (1 × 106/g)) at a dose of 140 mg/kg (1.4 × 1010 CFU/kg). The treatment with probiotics was started at the age of 1 month. There were 3 courses of treatment, each included 2-week administration and 2-week break. All parameters were measured in 4-month aged rats. Results Introduction of MSG during the neonatal period leads to the NAFLD development in the 4-months old rats. For steatosis degree there was no significant difference between MSG-obesity group and lyophilized monocomponent probiotics groups (III–V). The highest manifestation of steatosis was observed for B. animalis VKL group (2.0 ± 0.25) as compared to B. animalis VKB (1.70 ± 0.21) and L. casei IMVB-7280 (1.80 ± 0.20). The steatosis score changes between all monoprobiotics groups (III–V) were insignificant. Administration from birth of both alive (VII) and lyophilized (VI) probiotic mixture lead to a significant decrease by 69.5 % (p

The influence of tilorone dihydrochloride and its analogues--diphenyl derivatives on the changes of transmembrane potential of mitochondrial membranes of the isolated rat hepatocytes has been estimated. Authors have shown a significant increase in mitochondrial potential thirty minutes after the introduction of the test compounds to the cells using the fluorescent probe JC-1. These results indicate the rapid activation with tilorone and its analog--dihydrochloryde 4,4'-bis-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]diphenyl--of the RLR signaling pathway. The final stage of this pathway is the cell production of IFN type I. The authors concluded that there is an increasing of the organelles resistance to the extra/intracellular damaging agents under the influence of the test compounds.

Objectives Diagnostic ultrasound can cause the local increase of cell membrane permeability, thus promoting the penetration of particles into the cell [1,2]. New concept of prebiotics (ISAPP, 2017) recently provided new horizons to use novel substances that `selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit`. Sonoporation application has not been used for clinical purpose on microbial cell with US imaging devises and can enhance clinical effects and monitor treatment using imaging (theranostic). The aim was to test efficiency of delivery vaious inorganic nanoparticles by sonoporation into bacterial cell of probiotic strains using imaging US machine. Methods We used 1) probiotic strains Lactobacillus та Bifidobacterium: L. acidophilus ІМВ В-7279, L. casei ІМВ В-7280, L. delbrueckiisubsp. bulgaricus ІМВ В-7281, L. ramnosus LB-3 VK6, L. plantarumLMVK7, L. delbrueckii LEVK8, B. animalisVKL та B. animalis VKB; and 2) nanoparticles – potential prebiotics colloid 20 nm nanogold (193 mg / ml for metal), colloid solutions of 2–5-nm cerium dioxide nanoprticles stabilized by 0.1 М ammonium citrate and 200 nm selenium nanoparticles were synthesized in Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology. Strains and naoparticles were incubated during 24 hours. Then half of each Petri cup received additional insonation during 180 sec by 130 Db 2 MHz ultrasound keeping image in focus. We evaluated growth and used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to visualize interaction. Results No suppression of bacteria by US was detected in all cases. SEM defined in all cases penetration to cells and improving viability (metabolism) of microorganism and growth of colonies. In thermostat nanoparticles remained inside the cell during 24 hours. US enhanced the release of larger selenium nanoparticles from bacterial cells. Without sonoporation most nanoparticles remained at the surface of bacterial wall. Conclusions Sonoporation is able to enhance inorganic nanoparticle delivery to bacterial cells in vitro. Sonoporation on probiotic bacteria using diagnostic US machine is robust and feasible to potentially enhance prebiotic activity.

Introduction: a comparative animal study of the efficacy of intermittent short-course administration of lyophilised single-, three-, and live multistrain probiotic on obesity. Methods: We included 70 rats divided into seven groups (n = 10 in each). Rats of group I were intact. Newborn rats of groups II–VII were injected with monosodium glutamate (MSG) (4 mg/g). Rats of group II (MSG-obesity group) were untreated. The group III-V received lyophilised monoprobiotics B. animalis VKL , B. animalis VKB , and L. casei IMVB-7280 , respectively. Group VI received the mix of these three probiotic strains. Group VII was treated with multiprobiotic “Symbiter”, which contains 14 live probiotic strains ( Lactobacillus , Bifi­dobacterium , Propionibacterium , Acetobacter genera). Results: Neonatal treatment with MSG caused stunted growth, which is why, despite the lack of weight gain dynamics and absence of significant food consumption rate and body weight changes at day 120, we noted the development of obesity in all MSG-obesity rats and in up to 20–70% after probiotic administration. Supplementation of probiotic composition, with preference to live strains, led to a significantly lower prevalence of obesity, and reduction of VAT weight and serum lipid levels as compared to single-strain probiotic. In our comparative single-strain analysis a trend towards more pronounced hypolipidaemic effect and VAT weight reduction was observed for lyophilised L. casei IMVB-7280 as compared to B. animalis VKL and VKB strains. Conclusions: Multistrain formed mutualistic interactions in mixtures and therefore able to share with different metabolites, affect differ­ent receptors and produced various of biologically active compounds which synergistic overall effect greater than the sum of the single effects.

There is great interest in the interaction between diet and immune system and concomitantly in the potential of probiotic bacteria, especially given recent advances in understanding of gut microbiota effects on health in the context of microbiome research. Following our recent study on bacterial wall elasticity as a predictive measure of phagocytic cellular reactions and related outcomes, a question was raised regarding the scope of the application of these findings in various medical conditions in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM). This summarizing review of the data describes the contributions, both observed and potential, of probiotics to the gut-brain axis and various medical conditions, including immune and atopic states, metabolic and inflammatory diseases—including liver disease and diabetes mellitus—cancer, and more. It also suggests novel insights for a number of beneficial applications of probiotics and advances in development of novel probiotic-based treatments and personalized diets, as well as application of sophisticated imaging techniques and nanobiotechnologies that can be adopted in the near future by innovative medical experts, warranting further research and practical translation.

Background Probiotics have great potential to contribute to development of healthy dietary regimes, preventive care, and an integrated approach to immunity-related disease management. The bacterial wall is a dynamic entity, depending on many components and playing an essential role in modulating immune response. The impact of cell wall elasticity on the beneficial effects of probiotic strains has not been sufficiently studied. The aim was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria strains on phagocytic system cells (macrophages) as related to bacterial wall elasticity, estimated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Methods We conducted studies on Balb/c line mice 18–20 g in weight using lyophilized strains of LAB—Lactobacillus acidophilus IMV B-7279, Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281, and bifidobacteria—Bifidobacterium animalis VKL and Bifidobacterium animalis VKB. We cultivated the macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity of mice individually with the strains of LAB and bifidobacteria and evaluated their effect on macrophages, oxygen-dependent bactericidal activity, nitric oxide production, and immunoregulatory cytokines. We used AFM scanning to estimate bacterial cell wall elasticity. Results All strains had a stimulating effect on the functional activity of macrophages and ability to produce NO/NO2 in vitro. Lactobacilli strains increased the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ in vitro. The AFM demonstrated different cell wall elasticity levels in various strains of LAB and bifidobacteria. The rigidity of the cell walls among lactobacilli was distributed as follows: Lactobacillus acidophilus IMV B-7279 > Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280 > Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus IMV B-7281; among the strains of bifidobacteria: B. animalis VKB > B. animalis VKL. Probiotic strain survival in the macrophages depended on the bacterial cell wall elasticity and on the time of their joint cultivation. Conclusion LAB and bifidobacteria strains stimulate immune-modulatory cytokines and active oxygen and nitrogen oxide compound production in macrophages. Strains with a more elastic cell wall according to AFM data demonstrated higher resistance to intracellular digestion in macrophages and higher level of their activation. AFM might be considered as a fast and accurate method to assess parameters of probiotic strain cell wall to predict their immune-modulatory properties.

BackgroundConstipation is a common condition, with prevalence after 65 years, is a major colorectal cancer risk factor. Recent works have demonstrated advances in personalized, preventive nanomedicine, leading to the construction of new materials and nanodrugs, in particular, nanocrystalline cerium dioxide (NCD), having strong antioxidative prebiotic effect.The aim of our studywas to investigate the influence of NCD on motor function of the stomach and colonin vivoand contractive activity of smooth muscles in different year-old rats.MethodsWe included 80 rats: 3- (weight 130–160 g,n = 40) and 24-month old (weight 390–450 g,n = 40), divided into four groups as follows: І—control group; rats of II–ІV groups were injected intragastrically one injection per day during 10 days, 3 ml of water 3 ml/kg stabilizing solution, аnd 1 mmol/ml NCD, respectively. In all animals, we recorded spontaneous and carbachol-stimulated (0.01 mg/kg) gastrointestinal tract motor activity. We used the index of motor activity (IMA), expressed in cmH2O, for characterization of the motor function. We investigated smooth muscle contraction by tenzometric method, studied the spontaneous and stimulated motility by ballonographic method.ResultsIMA reduced by 21.1 + 0.2% (p р n = 10) in the stomach of old rats and increased by 32.1 ± 2.4% vs the control group (p Vnrincreased by 90 ± 15.2% (р ConclusionsThe index of motor activity is decreased in old rats. Nanocrystalline cerium dioxide increased the index of motor activity in all groups of rats and also evoked a significant increase of colon contractions in old rats.

In this paper, optical properties of the system consisting of mesoparticles (small dielectric particles) and nanoparticles (quantum dots) of various shapes have been considered. This system can be characterized by resonant absorption of electromagnetic waves and used for developing the new approach to antiviral therapy.

Background Male infertility has largely idiopathic, multifactorial origin. Oxidative stress is a major factor that affects spermatogenesis, in particular in aging. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CNPs) due to their antioxidative properties are promising to impact on the development of male infertility. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of CNPs on fertility parameters in 24-month male rats and to overview relevant literature in the field of personalized treatments, predictive diagnosis, and preventive measures for male health and fertility. Methods We included 30 24-month-old male rats. After a week of adaptation to the standard diet, the rats were randomly divided into three groups with ten rats in each. Group 1 (controls) received only a standard diet. The rats of group 2 and 3 in adjunct to the standard diet during 10 days received intragastrically 10 % sodium citrate and citrate-coated CNPs in dose 1 mg/kg, respectively. We assessed sex hormones, epididymal sperm parameters and spermatogenesis, ultrasound, and morphological data of rat reproductive organs. Results After a 10-day administration of CNPs, we revealed significant decrease of lipid peroxidation product levels in serum and increase of catalase and SOD activity, associated with increase of sperm count (p < 0.001) and improvement in quantitative sperm parameters (motility, viability, and percentage of spermatozoa). We found no significant changes between sperm quantitative parameters in citrate-treated rats and controls and observed age-related decrease of activated Leydig cell number and focal atrophy of the seminiferous tubules. In CNP group, we observed regeneration of seminiferous tubules, increase number and activation of Leydig cells, and 2.5-fold significant increase of serum testosterone. Ultrasound data showed the slight increase of linear measurement and volume of rat testes in CNP group. Review highlights the benefits for predictive diagnosis, preventive measures, and personalized approaches to manage male infertility in the general concept of male health also related to aging. Conclusion Citrate-coated 2–5-nm CNPs lead to increase in sex hormones levels, sperm count, and quality, as well as the activation of spermatogenesis in 24-month-old male rats. Nanoceria demonstrated the perspectives to be an effective infertility treatment via reduction of oxidative stress in male reproductive organs, in particular in aging.