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12 results on '"Mykytchuk, D."'

1. A novel understanding of the role of plasma-molecular kinetics on divertor power exhaust

Author

Osborne, N., Verhaegh, K., Moulton, D., Reimerdes, H., Ryan, P., Lonigro, N., Mijin, S., Osawa, R., Murray, K., Kobussen, S., Damizia, Y., Perek, A., Theiler, C., Ducker, R., and Mykytchuk, D.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

During detachment, a buffer of neutral atoms and molecules builds up between the target and the ionising plasma. Collisions between the plasma and the molecules play an important role in the detachment process. Studies of plasma-molecular kinetics indicate that the gas temperature is increased during detachment for a wide range of conditions on the MAST-U and TCV tokamaks. This is related to an increased $\mathrm{D}_2$ lifetime during detachment, leading to more plasma-molecule collisions that raise the molecular temperature. Such collisions subsequently result in significant power and momentum losses to the divertor plasma during detachment. Using a simplified inference, these losses are estimated using the rotational temperature, neutral pressure and ionisation front position. Significant power losses (about $10\%$ of $P_{SOL}$) and dominant momentum losses (majority of the upstream pressure) from plasma-molecule collisions are inferred experimentally in long-legged, strongly baffled, detached divertors (MAST-U Super-X divertor), consistent with SOLPS-ITER simulations. The vibrational distribution obtained is compared with an Eirene-like collisional-radiative model setup, indicating some qualitative agreements and disagreements, potentially highlighting model gaps. These interpretations highlight the importance of plasma-molecular collisions, leading to power and momentum losses during detachment. Our analysis and reduced modelling of these processes provide further insights into detachment control observations, the workings of long-legged divertors and divertor power balance.

Published
2024

2. 4D and 5D phase-space tomography using slowing-down physics regularization

Author

Schmidt, B, Salewski, M, Moseev, D, Baquero-Ruiz, M, Hansen, P, Eriksson, J, Ford, O, Gorini, G, Jarleblad, H, Kazakov, Y, Kulla, D, Lazerson, S, Mencke, J, Mykytchuk, D, Nocente, M, Poloskei, P, Rud, M, Snicker, A, Stagner, L, Akaslompolo, S, Schmidt B. S., Salewski M., Moseev D., Baquero-Ruiz M., Hansen P. C., Eriksson J., Ford O., Gorini G., Jarleblad H., Kazakov Y. O., Kulla D., Lazerson S., Mencke J. E., Mykytchuk D., Nocente M., Poloskei P., Rud M., Snicker A., Stagner L., Akaslompolo S., Schmidt, B, Salewski, M, Moseev, D, Baquero-Ruiz, M, Hansen, P, Eriksson, J, Ford, O, Gorini, G, Jarleblad, H, Kazakov, Y, Kulla, D, Lazerson, S, Mencke, J, Mykytchuk, D, Nocente, M, Poloskei, P, Rud, M, Snicker, A, Stagner, L, Akaslompolo, S, Schmidt B. S., Salewski M., Moseev D., Baquero-Ruiz M., Hansen P. C., Eriksson J., Ford O., Gorini G., Jarleblad H., Kazakov Y. O., Kulla D., Lazerson S., Mencke J. E., Mykytchuk D., Nocente M., Poloskei P., Rud M., Snicker A., Stagner L., and Akaslompolo S.

Abstract

We compute reconstructions of 4D and 5D fast-ion phase-space distribution functions in fusion plasmas from synthetic projections of these functions. The fast-ion phase-space distribution functions originating from neutral beam injection (NBI) at TCV and Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) at full, half, and one-third injection energies can be distinguished and particle densities of each component inferred based on 20 synthetic spectra of projected velocities at TCV and 680 at W7-X. Further, we demonstrate that an expansion into a basis of slowing-down distribution functions is equivalent to regularization using slowing-down physics as prior information. Using this technique in a Tikhonov formulation, we infer the particle density fractions for each NBI energy for each NBI beam from synthetic measurements, resulting in six unknowns at TCV and 24 unknowns at W7-X. Additionally, we show that installing 40 LOS in each of 17 ports at W7-X, providing full beam coverage and almost full angle coverage, produces the highest quality reconstructions.

Published
2023

3. 4D and 5D phase-space tomography using slowing-down physics regularization

Author

W7-X Team, Schmidt, B. S., Salewski, M., Moseev, D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Hansen, P. C., Eriksson, J., Ford, O., Gorini, G., Järleblad, H., Kazakov, Ye O., Kulla, D., Lazerson, S., Mencke, J. E., Mykytchuk, D., Nocente, M., Poloskei, P., Rud, M., Snicker, A., Stagner, L., Äkäslompolo, S., W7-X Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, Technical University of Denmark, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Uppsala University, University of Milan - Bicocca, Royal Military Academy, Department of Applied Physics, General Atomics, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
Technology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics, NBI, tomography, Condensed Matter Physics, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, slowing-down, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, stellarator, Atom- och molekylfysik och optik, fast ions, ddc:600, Den kondenserade materiens fysik
Abstract

Funding Information: This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, partially funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (Grant Agreement No. 101052200—EUROfusion). The Swiss contribution to this work has been funded by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union, the European Commission or SERI. Neither the European Union nor the European Commission nor SERI can be held responsible for them. Further, the assistance provided by Friedemann Herold was greatly appreciated. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published on behalf of IAEA by IOP Publishing Ltd. We compute reconstructions of 4D and 5D fast-ion phase-space distribution functions in fusion plasmas from synthetic projections of these functions. The fast-ion phase-space distribution functions originating from neutral beam injection (NBI) at TCV and Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) at full, half, and one-third injection energies can be distinguished and particle densities of each component inferred based on 20 synthetic spectra of projected velocities at TCV and 680 at W7-X. Further, we demonstrate that an expansion into a basis of slowing-down distribution functions is equivalent to regularization using slowing-down physics as prior information. Using this technique in a Tikhonov formulation, we infer the particle density fractions for each NBI energy for each NBI beam from synthetic measurements, resulting in six unknowns at TCV and 24 unknowns at W7-X. Additionally, we show that installing 40 LOS in each of 17 ports at W7-X, providing full beam coverage and almost full angle coverage, produces the highest quality reconstructions.

Published
2023
Full Text
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4. Overview of the TCV tokamak experimental programme

Author

Reimerdes, H, Agostini, M, Alessi, E, Alberti, S, Andrebe, Y, Arnichand, H, Balbin, J, Bagnato, F, Baquero-Ruiz, M, Bernert, M, Bin, W, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Boedo, J, Brida, D, Brunner, S, Bogar, C, Bogar, O, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Bouquey, F, Bowman, C, Brunetti, D, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Calacci, L, Camenen, Y, Carli, S, Carnevale, D, Carpanese, F, Causa, F, Cavalier, J, Cavedon, M, Cazabonne, J, Cerovsky, J, Chandra, R, Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, A, Chellai, O, Chmielewski, P, Choi, D, Ciraolo, G, Classen, I, Coda, S, Colandrea, C, Dal Molin, A, David, P, De Baar, M, Decker, J, Dekeyser, W, De Oliveira, H, Douai, D, Dreval, M, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Elmore, S, Embreus, O, Eriksson, F, Faitsch, M, Falchetto, G, Farnik, M, Fasoli, A, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Fil, A, Fontana, M, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Furno, I, Gahle, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galperti, C, Garavaglia, S, Garcia-Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giacomin, M, Giruzzi, G, Gobbin, M, Golfinopoulos, T, Goodman, T, Gorno, S, Granucci, G, Graves, J, Griener, M, Gruca, M, Gyergyek, T, Haelterman, R, Hakola, A, Han, W, Happel, T, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Henderson, S, Hogeweij, G, Hogge, J, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Huang, Z, Iantchenko, A, Innocente, P, Insulander Bjork, K, Ionita-Schrittweiser, C, Isliker, H, Jardin, A, Jaspers, R, Karimov, R, Karpushov, A, Kazakov, Y, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kovacic, J, Krutkin, O, Kudlacek, O, Kumar, U, Kwiatkowski, R, Labit, B, Laguardia, L, Lammers, J, Laribi, E, Laszynska, E, Lazaros, A, Linder, O, Linehan, B, Lipschultz, B, Llobet, X, Loizu, J, Lunt, T, Macusova, E, Marandet, Y, Maraschek, M, Marceca, G, Marchetto, C, Marchioni, S, Marmar, E, Martin, Y, Martinelli, L, Matos, F, Maurizio, R, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Menkovski, V, Merle, A, Merlo, G, Meyer, H, Mikszuta-Michalik, K, Molina Cabrera, P, Morales, J, Moret, J, Moro, A, Moulton, D, Muhammed, H, Myatra, O, Mykytchuk, D, Napoli, F, Nem, R, Nielsen, A, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Offeddu, N, Olsen, J, Orsitto, F, Pan, O, Papp, G, Pau, A, Perek, A, Pesamosca, F, Peysson, Y, Pigatto, L, Piron, C, Poradzinski, M, Porte, L, Putterich, T, Rabinski, M, Raj, H, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ravensbergen, T, Ricci, D, Ricci, P, Rispoli, N, Riva, F, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Salewski, M, Sauter, O, Schmidt, B, Schrittweiser, R, Sharapov, S, Sheikh, U, Sieglin, B, Silva, M, Smolders, A, Snicker, A, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stagni, A, Stipani, L, Sun, G, Tala, T, Tamain, P, Tanaka, K, Tema Biwole, A, Terranova, D, Terry, J, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thornton, A, Thrysoe, A, Torreblanca, H, Tsui, C, Vaccaro, D, Vallar, M, Van Berkel, M, Van Eester, D, Van Kampen, R, Van Mulders, S, Verhaegh, K, Verhaeghe, T, Vianello, N, Villone, F, Viezzer, E, Vincent, B, Voitsekhovitch, I, Vu, N, Walkden, N, Wauters, T, Weisen, H, Wendler, N, Wensing, M, Widmer, F, Wiesen, S, Wischmeier, M, Wijkamp, T, Wunderlich, D, Wuthrich, C, Yanovskiy, V, Zebrowski, J, Reimerdes H., Agostini M., Alessi E., Alberti S., Andrebe Y., Arnichand H., Balbin J., Bagnato F., Baquero-Ruiz M., Bernert M., Bin W., Blanchard P., Blanken T. C., Boedo J. A., Brida D., Brunner S., Bogar C., Bogar O., Bolzonella T., Bombarda F., Bouquey F., Bowman C., Brunetti D., Buermans J., Bufferand H., Calacci L., Camenen Y., Carli S., Carnevale D., Carpanese F., Causa F., Cavalier J., Cavedon M., Cazabonne J. A., Cerovsky J., Chandra R., Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi A., Chellai O., Chmielewski P., Choi D., Ciraolo G., Classen I. G. J., Coda S., Colandrea C., Dal Molin A., David P., De Baar M. R., Decker J., Dekeyser W., De Oliveira H., Douai D., Dreval M., Dunne M. G., Duval B. P., Elmore S., Embreus O., Eriksson F., Faitsch M., Falchetto G., Farnik M., Fasoli A., Fedorczak N., Felici F., Fevrier O., Ficker O., Fil A., Fontana M., Fransson E., Frassinetti L., Furno I., Gahle D. S., Galassi D., Galazka K., Galperti C., Garavaglia S., Garcia-Munoz M., Geiger B., Giacomin M., Giruzzi G., Gobbin M., Golfinopoulos T., Goodman T., Gorno S., Granucci G., Graves J. P., Griener M., Gruca M., Gyergyek T., Haelterman R., Hakola A., Han W., Happel T., Harrer G., Harrison J. R., Henderson S., Hogeweij G. M. D., Hogge J. -P., Hoppe M., Horacek J., Huang Z., Iantchenko A., Innocente P., Insulander Bjork K., Ionita-Schrittweiser C., Isliker H., Jardin A., Jaspers R. J. E., Karimov R., Karpushov A. N., Kazakov Y., Komm M., Kong M., Kovacic J., Krutkin O., Kudlacek O., Kumar U., Kwiatkowski R., Labit B., Laguardia L., Lammers J. T., Laribi E., Laszynska E., Lazaros A., Linder O., Linehan B., Lipschultz B., Llobet X., Loizu J., Lunt T., Macusova E., Marandet Y., Maraschek M., Marceca G., Marchetto C., Marchioni S., Marmar E. S., Martin Y., Martinelli L., Matos F., Maurizio R., Mayoral M. -L., Mazon D., Menkovski V., Merle A., Merlo G., Meyer H., Mikszuta-Michalik K., Molina Cabrera P. A., Morales J., Moret J. -M., Moro A., Moulton D., Muhammed H., Myatra O., Mykytchuk D., Napoli F., Nem R. D., Nielsen A. H., Nocente M., Nowak S., Offeddu N., Olsen J., Orsitto F. P., Pan O., Papp G., Pau A., Perek A., Pesamosca F., Peysson Y., Pigatto L., Piron C., Poradzinski M., Porte L., Putterich T., Rabinski M., Raj H., Rasmussen J. J., Ratta G. A., Ravensbergen T., Ricci D., Ricci P., Rispoli N., Riva F., Rivero-Rodriguez J. F., Salewski M., Sauter O., Schmidt B. S., Schrittweiser R., Sharapov S., Sheikh U. A., Sieglin B., Silva M., Smolders A., Snicker A., Sozzi C., Spolaore M., Stagni A., Stipani L., Sun G., Tala T., Tamain P., Tanaka K., Tema Biwole A., Terranova D., Terry J. L., Testa D., Theiler C., Thornton A., Thrysoe A., Torreblanca H., Tsui C. K., Vaccaro D., Vallar M., Van Berkel M., Van Eester D., Van Kampen R. J. R., Van Mulders S., Verhaegh K., Verhaeghe T., Vianello N., Villone F., Viezzer E., Vincent B., Voitsekhovitch I., Vu N. M. T., Walkden N., Wauters T., Weisen H., Wendler N., Wensing M., Widmer F., Wiesen S., Wischmeier M., Wijkamp T. A., Wunderlich D., Wuthrich C., Yanovskiy V., Zebrowski J., Reimerdes, H, Agostini, M, Alessi, E, Alberti, S, Andrebe, Y, Arnichand, H, Balbin, J, Bagnato, F, Baquero-Ruiz, M, Bernert, M, Bin, W, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Boedo, J, Brida, D, Brunner, S, Bogar, C, Bogar, O, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Bouquey, F, Bowman, C, Brunetti, D, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Calacci, L, Camenen, Y, Carli, S, Carnevale, D, Carpanese, F, Causa, F, Cavalier, J, Cavedon, M, Cazabonne, J, Cerovsky, J, Chandra, R, Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, A, Chellai, O, Chmielewski, P, Choi, D, Ciraolo, G, Classen, I, Coda, S, Colandrea, C, Dal Molin, A, David, P, De Baar, M, Decker, J, Dekeyser, W, De Oliveira, H, Douai, D, Dreval, M, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Elmore, S, Embreus, O, Eriksson, F, Faitsch, M, Falchetto, G, Farnik, M, Fasoli, A, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Fil, A, Fontana, M, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Furno, I, Gahle, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galperti, C, Garavaglia, S, Garcia-Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giacomin, M, Giruzzi, G, Gobbin, M, Golfinopoulos, T, Goodman, T, Gorno, S, Granucci, G, Graves, J, Griener, M, Gruca, M, Gyergyek, T, Haelterman, R, Hakola, A, Han, W, Happel, T, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Henderson, S, Hogeweij, G, Hogge, J, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Huang, Z, Iantchenko, A, Innocente, P, Insulander Bjork, K, Ionita-Schrittweiser, C, Isliker, H, Jardin, A, Jaspers, R, Karimov, R, Karpushov, A, Kazakov, Y, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kovacic, J, Krutkin, O, Kudlacek, O, Kumar, U, Kwiatkowski, R, Labit, B, Laguardia, L, Lammers, J, Laribi, E, Laszynska, E, Lazaros, A, Linder, O, Linehan, B, Lipschultz, B, Llobet, X, Loizu, J, Lunt, T, Macusova, E, Marandet, Y, Maraschek, M, Marceca, G, Marchetto, C, Marchioni, S, Marmar, E, Martin, Y, Martinelli, L, Matos, F, Maurizio, R, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Menkovski, V, Merle, A, Merlo, G, Meyer, H, Mikszuta-Michalik, K, Molina Cabrera, P, Morales, J, Moret, J, Moro, A, Moulton, D, Muhammed, H, Myatra, O, Mykytchuk, D, Napoli, F, Nem, R, Nielsen, A, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Offeddu, N, Olsen, J, Orsitto, F, Pan, O, Papp, G, Pau, A, Perek, A, Pesamosca, F, Peysson, Y, Pigatto, L, Piron, C, Poradzinski, M, Porte, L, Putterich, T, Rabinski, M, Raj, H, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ravensbergen, T, Ricci, D, Ricci, P, Rispoli, N, Riva, F, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Salewski, M, Sauter, O, Schmidt, B, Schrittweiser, R, Sharapov, S, Sheikh, U, Sieglin, B, Silva, M, Smolders, A, Snicker, A, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stagni, A, Stipani, L, Sun, G, Tala, T, Tamain, P, Tanaka, K, Tema Biwole, A, Terranova, D, Terry, J, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thornton, A, Thrysoe, A, Torreblanca, H, Tsui, C, Vaccaro, D, Vallar, M, Van Berkel, M, Van Eester, D, Van Kampen, R, Van Mulders, S, Verhaegh, K, Verhaeghe, T, Vianello, N, Villone, F, Viezzer, E, Vincent, B, Voitsekhovitch, I, Vu, N, Walkden, N, Wauters, T, Weisen, H, Wendler, N, Wensing, M, Widmer, F, Wiesen, S, Wischmeier, M, Wijkamp, T, Wunderlich, D, Wuthrich, C, Yanovskiy, V, Zebrowski, J, Reimerdes H., Agostini M., Alessi E., Alberti S., Andrebe Y., Arnichand H., Balbin J., Bagnato F., Baquero-Ruiz M., Bernert M., Bin W., Blanchard P., Blanken T. C., Boedo J. A., Brida D., Brunner S., Bogar C., Bogar O., Bolzonella T., Bombarda F., Bouquey F., Bowman C., Brunetti D., Buermans J., Bufferand H., Calacci L., Camenen Y., Carli S., Carnevale D., Carpanese F., Causa F., Cavalier J., Cavedon M., Cazabonne J. A., Cerovsky J., Chandra R., Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi A., Chellai O., Chmielewski P., Choi D., Ciraolo G., Classen I. G. J., Coda S., Colandrea C., Dal Molin A., David P., De Baar M. R., Decker J., Dekeyser W., De Oliveira H., Douai D., Dreval M., Dunne M. G., Duval B. P., Elmore S., Embreus O., Eriksson F., Faitsch M., Falchetto G., Farnik M., Fasoli A., Fedorczak N., Felici F., Fevrier O., Ficker O., Fil A., Fontana M., Fransson E., Frassinetti L., Furno I., Gahle D. S., Galassi D., Galazka K., Galperti C., Garavaglia S., Garcia-Munoz M., Geiger B., Giacomin M., Giruzzi G., Gobbin M., Golfinopoulos T., Goodman T., Gorno S., Granucci G., Graves J. P., Griener M., Gruca M., Gyergyek T., Haelterman R., Hakola A., Han W., Happel T., Harrer G., Harrison J. R., Henderson S., Hogeweij G. M. D., Hogge J. -P., Hoppe M., Horacek J., Huang Z., Iantchenko A., Innocente P., Insulander Bjork K., Ionita-Schrittweiser C., Isliker H., Jardin A., Jaspers R. J. E., Karimov R., Karpushov A. N., Kazakov Y., Komm M., Kong M., Kovacic J., Krutkin O., Kudlacek O., Kumar U., Kwiatkowski R., Labit B., Laguardia L., Lammers J. T., Laribi E., Laszynska E., Lazaros A., Linder O., Linehan B., Lipschultz B., Llobet X., Loizu J., Lunt T., Macusova E., Marandet Y., Maraschek M., Marceca G., Marchetto C., Marchioni S., Marmar E. S., Martin Y., Martinelli L., Matos F., Maurizio R., Mayoral M. -L., Mazon D., Menkovski V., Merle A., Merlo G., Meyer H., Mikszuta-Michalik K., Molina Cabrera P. A., Morales J., Moret J. -M., Moro A., Moulton D., Muhammed H., Myatra O., Mykytchuk D., Napoli F., Nem R. D., Nielsen A. H., Nocente M., Nowak S., Offeddu N., Olsen J., Orsitto F. P., Pan O., Papp G., Pau A., Perek A., Pesamosca F., Peysson Y., Pigatto L., Piron C., Poradzinski M., Porte L., Putterich T., Rabinski M., Raj H., Rasmussen J. J., Ratta G. A., Ravensbergen T., Ricci D., Ricci P., Rispoli N., Riva F., Rivero-Rodriguez J. F., Salewski M., Sauter O., Schmidt B. S., Schrittweiser R., Sharapov S., Sheikh U. A., Sieglin B., Silva M., Smolders A., Snicker A., Sozzi C., Spolaore M., Stagni A., Stipani L., Sun G., Tala T., Tamain P., Tanaka K., Tema Biwole A., Terranova D., Terry J. L., Testa D., Theiler C., Thornton A., Thrysoe A., Torreblanca H., Tsui C. K., Vaccaro D., Vallar M., Van Berkel M., Van Eester D., Van Kampen R. J. R., Van Mulders S., Verhaegh K., Verhaeghe T., Vianello N., Villone F., Viezzer E., Vincent B., Voitsekhovitch I., Vu N. M. T., Walkden N., Wauters T., Weisen H., Wendler N., Wensing M., Widmer F., Wiesen S., Wischmeier M., Wijkamp T. A., Wunderlich D., Wuthrich C., Yanovskiy V., and Zebrowski J.

Abstract

The tokamak à configuration variable (TCV) continues to leverage its unique shaping capabilities, flexible heating systems and modern control system to address critical issues in preparation for ITER and a fusion power plant. For the 2019-20 campaign its configurational flexibility has been enhanced with the installation of removable divertor gas baffles, its diagnostic capabilities with an extensive set of upgrades and its heating systems with new dual frequency gyrotrons. The gas baffles reduce coupling between the divertor and the main chamber and allow for detailed investigations on the role of fuelling in general and, together with upgraded boundary diagnostics, test divertor and edge models in particular. The increased heating capabilities broaden the operational regime to include Te/Ti ∼1 and have stimulated refocussing studies from L-mode to H-mode across a range of research topics. ITER baseline parameters were reached in type-I ELMy H-modes and alternative regimes with 'small' (or no) ELMs explored. Most prominently, negative triangularity was investigated in detail and confirmed as an attractive scenario with H-mode level core confinement but an L-mode edge. Emphasis was also placed on control, where an increased number of observers, actuators and control solutions became available and are now integrated into a generic control framework as will be needed in future devices. The quantity and quality of results of the 2019-20 TCV campaign are a testament to its successful integration within the European research effort alongside a vibrant domestic programme and international collaborations.

Published
2022

5. 4D and 5D phase-space tomography using slowing-down physics regularization

Author

Schmidt, B. S., Salewski, M., Moseev, D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Hansen, P. C., Eriksson, Jacob, Ford, O., Gorini, G., Järleblad, H. O., Kazakov, Ye, Kulla, D., Lazerson, S., Mencke, J. E., Mykytchuk, D., Nocente, M., Poloskei, P., Rud, M., Snicker, A., Stagner, L., Äkäslompolo, S., Schmidt, B. S., Salewski, M., Moseev, D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Hansen, P. C., Eriksson, Jacob, Ford, O., Gorini, G., Järleblad, H. O., Kazakov, Ye, Kulla, D., Lazerson, S., Mencke, J. E., Mykytchuk, D., Nocente, M., Poloskei, P., Rud, M., Snicker, A., Stagner, L., and Äkäslompolo, S.

Abstract

We compute reconstructions of 4D and 5D fast-ion phase-space distribution functions in fusion plasmas from synthetic projections of these functions. The fast-ion phase-space distribution functions originating from neutral beam injection (NBI) at TCV and Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) at full, half, and one-third injection energies can be distinguished and particle densities of each component inferred based on 20 synthetic spectra of projected velocities at TCV and 680 at W7-X. Further, we demonstrate that an expansion into a basis of slowing-down distribution functions is equivalent to regularization using slowing-down physics as prior information. Using this technique in a Tikhonov formulation, we infer the particle density fractions for each NBI energy for each NBI beam from synthetic measurements, resulting in six unknowns at TCV and 24 unknowns at W7-X. Additionally, we show that installing 40 LOS in each of 17 ports at W7-X, providing full beam coverage and almost full angle coverage, produces the highest quality reconstructions.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. 4D and 5D phase-space tomography using slowing-down physics regularization

Author

Schmidt, B.S., Salewski, M., Moseev, D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Hansen, P.C., Eriksson, J., Ford, O., Gorini, G., Järleblad, H., Kazakov, Ye O., Kulla, D., Lazerson, S., Mencke, J.E., Mykytchuk, D., Nocente, M., Poloskei, P., Rud, M., Snicker, A., Stagner, L., Äkäslompolo, S., Schmidt, B.S., Salewski, M., Moseev, D., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Hansen, P.C., Eriksson, J., Ford, O., Gorini, G., Järleblad, H., Kazakov, Ye O., Kulla, D., Lazerson, S., Mencke, J.E., Mykytchuk, D., Nocente, M., Poloskei, P., Rud, M., Snicker, A., Stagner, L., and Äkäslompolo, S.

Abstract

We compute reconstructions of 4D and 5D fast-ion phase-space distribution functions in fusion plasmas from synthetic projections of these functions. The fast-ion phase-space distribution functions originating from neutral beam injection (NBI) at TCV and Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) at full, half, and one-third injection energies can be distinguished and particle densities of each component inferred based on 20 synthetic spectra of projected velocities at TCV and 680 at W7-X. Further, we demonstrate that an expansion into a basis of slowing-down distribution functions is equivalent to regularization using slowing-down physics as prior information. Using this technique in a Tikhonov formulation, we infer the particle density fractions for each NBI energy for each NBI beam from synthetic measurements, resulting in six unknowns at TCV and 24 unknowns at W7-X. Additionally, we show that installing 40 LOS in each of 17 ports at W7-X, providing full beam coverage and almost full angle coverage, produces the highest quality reconstructions.

Published
2023

7. Overview of the TCV tokamak experimental programme

Author

Reimerdes, H., Agostini, M., Alessi, E., Alberti, S., Andrebe, Y., Arnichand, H., Balbin, J., Bagnato, F., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bernert, M., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T. C., Boedo, J. A., Brida, D., Brunner, S., Bogar, C., Bogar, O., Bolzonella, T., Bombarda, F., Bouquey, F., Bowman, C., Brunetti, D., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Calacci, L., Camenen, Y., Carli, S., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Causa, F., Cavalier, J., Cavedon, M., Cazabonne, J. A., Cerovsky, J., Chandra, R., Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, A., Chellaï, O., Chmielewski, P., Choi, D., Ciraolo, G., Classen, I.G.J., Coda, S., Colandrea, C., Dal Molin, A., David, P., de Baar, M.R., Decker, J., Dekeyser, W., De Oliveira, H., Douai, D., Dreval, M., Dunne, M. G., Duval, B. P., Elmore, S., Embreus, O., Eriksson, F., Faitsch, M., Falchetto, G., Farnik, M., Fasoli, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Février, O., Ficker, O., Fil, A., Fontana, M., Fransson, E., Frassinetti, L., Furno, I., Gahle, D. S., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garcia-Munoz, M., Geiger, B., Giacomin, M., Giruzzi, G., Gobbin, M., Golfinopoulos, T., Goodman, T., Gorno, S., Granucci, G., Graves, J. P., Griener, M., Gruca, M., Gyergyek, T., Haelterman, R., Hakola, A., Han, W., Happel, T., Harrer, G., Harrison, J. R., Henderson, S., Hogeweij, G. M.D., Hogge, J. P., Hoppe, M., Horacek, J., Huang, Z., Iantchenko, A., Innocente, P., Insulander Björk, K., Ionita-Schrittweiser, C., Isliker, H., Jardin, A., Jaspers, R.J.E., Karimov, R., Karpushov, A. N., Kazakov, Y., Komm, M., Kong, M., Kovacic, J., Krutkin, O., Kudlacek, O., Kumar, U., Kwiatkowski, R., Labit, B., Laguardia, L., Lammers, J.T., Laribi, E., Laszynska, E., Lazaros, A., Linder, O., Linehan, B., Lipschultz, B., Llobet, X., Loizu, J., Lunt, T., Macusova, E., Marandet, Y., Maraschek, M., Marceca, G., Marchetto, C., Marchioni, S., Marmar, E. S., Martin, Y., Martinelli, L., Matos, F., Maurizio, R., Mayoral, M. L., Mazon, D., Menkovski, V., Merle, A., Merlo, G., Meyer, H., Mikszuta-Michalik, K., Molina Cabrera, P. A., Morales, J., Moret, J. M., Moro, A., Moulton, D., Muhammed, H., Myatra, O., Mykytchuk, D., Napoli, F., Nem, R.D., Nielsen, A. H., Nocente, M., Nowak, S., Offeddu, N., Olsen, J., Orsitto, F. P., Pan, O., Papp, G., Pau, A., Perek, A., Pesamosca, F., Peysson, Y., Pigatto, L., Piron, C., Poradzinski, M., Porte, L., Pütterich, T., Rabinski, M., Raj, H., Rasmussen, J. J., Rattá, G. A., Ravensbergen, T., Ricci, D., Ricci, P., Rispoli, N., Riva, F., Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F., Salewski, M., Sauter, O., Schmidt, B. S., Schrittweiser, R., Sharapov, S., Sheikh, U. A., Sieglin, B., Silva, M., Smolders, A., Snicker, A., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stagni, A., Stipani, L., Sun, G., Tala, T., Tamain, P., Tanaka, K., Tema Biwole, A., Terranova, D., Terry, J. L., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Thrysøe, A., Torreblanca, H., Tsui, C. K., Vaccaro, D., Vallar, M., van Berkel, M., Van Eester, D., van Kampen, R.J.R., van Mulders, S., Verhaegh, K., Verhaeghe, T., Vianello, N., Villone, F., Viezzer, E., Vincent, B., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vu, N. M.T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weisen, H., Wendler, N., Wensing, M., Widmer, F., Wiesen, S., Wischmeier, M., Wijkamp, T.A., Wünderlich, D., Wüthrich, C., Yanovskiy, V., Zebrowski, J., Reimerdes, H., Agostini, M., Alessi, E., Alberti, S., Andrebe, Y., Arnichand, H., Balbin, J., Bagnato, F., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Bernert, M., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T. C., Boedo, J. A., Brida, D., Brunner, S., Bogar, C., Bogar, O., Bolzonella, T., Bombarda, F., Bouquey, F., Bowman, C., Brunetti, D., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Calacci, L., Camenen, Y., Carli, S., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Causa, F., Cavalier, J., Cavedon, M., Cazabonne, J. A., Cerovsky, J., Chandra, R., Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, A., Chellaï, O., Chmielewski, P., Choi, D., Ciraolo, G., Classen, I.G.J., Coda, S., Colandrea, C., Dal Molin, A., David, P., de Baar, M.R., Decker, J., Dekeyser, W., De Oliveira, H., Douai, D., Dreval, M., Dunne, M. G., Duval, B. P., Elmore, S., Embreus, O., Eriksson, F., Faitsch, M., Falchetto, G., Farnik, M., Fasoli, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Février, O., Ficker, O., Fil, A., Fontana, M., Fransson, E., Frassinetti, L., Furno, I., Gahle, D. S., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garcia-Munoz, M., Geiger, B., Giacomin, M., Giruzzi, G., Gobbin, M., Golfinopoulos, T., Goodman, T., Gorno, S., Granucci, G., Graves, J. P., Griener, M., Gruca, M., Gyergyek, T., Haelterman, R., Hakola, A., Han, W., Happel, T., Harrer, G., Harrison, J. R., Henderson, S., Hogeweij, G. M.D., Hogge, J. P., Hoppe, M., Horacek, J., Huang, Z., Iantchenko, A., Innocente, P., Insulander Björk, K., Ionita-Schrittweiser, C., Isliker, H., Jardin, A., Jaspers, R.J.E., Karimov, R., Karpushov, A. N., Kazakov, Y., Komm, M., Kong, M., Kovacic, J., Krutkin, O., Kudlacek, O., Kumar, U., Kwiatkowski, R., Labit, B., Laguardia, L., Lammers, J.T., Laribi, E., Laszynska, E., Lazaros, A., Linder, O., Linehan, B., Lipschultz, B., Llobet, X., Loizu, J., Lunt, T., Macusova, E., Marandet, Y., Maraschek, M., Marceca, G., Marchetto, C., Marchioni, S., Marmar, E. S., Martin, Y., Martinelli, L., Matos, F., Maurizio, R., Mayoral, M. L., Mazon, D., Menkovski, V., Merle, A., Merlo, G., Meyer, H., Mikszuta-Michalik, K., Molina Cabrera, P. A., Morales, J., Moret, J. M., Moro, A., Moulton, D., Muhammed, H., Myatra, O., Mykytchuk, D., Napoli, F., Nem, R.D., Nielsen, A. H., Nocente, M., Nowak, S., Offeddu, N., Olsen, J., Orsitto, F. P., Pan, O., Papp, G., Pau, A., Perek, A., Pesamosca, F., Peysson, Y., Pigatto, L., Piron, C., Poradzinski, M., Porte, L., Pütterich, T., Rabinski, M., Raj, H., Rasmussen, J. J., Rattá, G. A., Ravensbergen, T., Ricci, D., Ricci, P., Rispoli, N., Riva, F., Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F., Salewski, M., Sauter, O., Schmidt, B. S., Schrittweiser, R., Sharapov, S., Sheikh, U. A., Sieglin, B., Silva, M., Smolders, A., Snicker, A., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stagni, A., Stipani, L., Sun, G., Tala, T., Tamain, P., Tanaka, K., Tema Biwole, A., Terranova, D., Terry, J. L., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Thrysøe, A., Torreblanca, H., Tsui, C. K., Vaccaro, D., Vallar, M., van Berkel, M., Van Eester, D., van Kampen, R.J.R., van Mulders, S., Verhaegh, K., Verhaeghe, T., Vianello, N., Villone, F., Viezzer, E., Vincent, B., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vu, N. M.T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weisen, H., Wendler, N., Wensing, M., Widmer, F., Wiesen, S., Wischmeier, M., Wijkamp, T.A., Wünderlich, D., Wüthrich, C., Yanovskiy, V., and Zebrowski, J.

Abstract

The tokamak à configuration variable (TCV) continues to leverage its unique shaping capabilities, flexible heating systems and modern control system to address critical issues in preparation for ITER and a fusion power plant. For the 2019-20 campaign its configurational flexibility has been enhanced with the installation of removable divertor gas baffles, its diagnostic capabilities with an extensive set of upgrades and its heating systems with new dual frequency gyrotrons. The gas baffles reduce coupling between the divertor and the main chamber and allow for detailed investigations on the role of fuelling in general and, together with upgraded boundary diagnostics, test divertor and edge models in particular. The increased heating capabilities broaden the operational regime to include Te/Ti ∼1 and have stimulated refocussing studies from L-mode to H-mode across a range of research topics. ITER baseline parameters were reached in type-I ELMy H-modes and alternative regimes with 'small' (or no) ELMs explored. Most prominently, negative triangularity was investigated in detail and confirmed as an attractive scenario with H-mode level core confinement but an L-mode edge. Emphasis was also placed on control, where an increased number of observers, actuators and control solutions became available and are now integrated into a generic control framework as will be needed in future devices. The quantity and quality of results of the 2019-20 TCV campaign are a testament to its successful integration within the European research effort alongside a vibrant domestic programme and international collaborations.

Published
2022

8. Overview of the TCV tokamak experimental programme

Author

Reimerdes, H. Agostini, M. Alessi, E. Alberti, S. and Andrebe, Y. Arnichand, H. Balbin, J. Bagnato, F. and Baquero-Ruiz, M. Bernert, M. Bin, W. Blanchard, P. and Blanken, T. C. Boedo, J. A. Brida, D. Brunner, S. Bogar, C. Bogar, O. Bolzonella, T. Bombarda, F. Bouquey, F. and Bowman, C. Brunetti, D. Buermans, J. Bufferand, H. and Calacci, L. Camenen, Y. Carli, S. Carnevale, D. and Carpanese, F. Causa, F. Cavalier, J. Cavedon, M. and Cazabonne, J. A. Cerovsky, J. Chandra, R. Jayalekshmi, A. Chandrarajan Chellai, O. Chmielewski, P. Choi, D. and Ciraolo, G. Classen, I. G. J. Coda, S. Colandrea, C. Dal Molin, A. David, P. de Baar, M. R. Decker, J. Dekeyser, W. de Oliveira, H. Douai, D. Dreval, M. Dunne, M. G. and Duval, B. P. Elmore, S. Embreus, O. Eriksson, F. and Faitsch, M. Falchetto, G. Farnik, M. Fasoli, A. and Fedorczak, N. Felici, F. Fevrier, O. Ficker, O. Fil, A. and Fontana, M. Fransson, E. Frassinetti, L. Furno, I and Gahle, D. S. Galassi, D. Galazka, K. Galperti, C. and Garavaglia, S. Garcia-Munoz, M. Geiger, B. Giacomin, M. and Giruzzi, G. Gobbin, M. Golfinopoulos, T. Goodman, T. and Gorno, S. Granucci, G. Graves, J. P. Griener, M. Gruca, M. Gyergyek, T. Haelterman, R. Hakola, A. Han, W. and Happel, T. Harrer, G. Harrison, J. R. Henderson, S. and Hogeweij, G. M. D. Hogge, J-P Hoppe, M. Horacek, J. and Huang, Z. Iantchenko, A. Innocente, P. Bjork, K. Insulander and Ionita-Schrittweiser, C. Isliker, H. Jardin, A. Jaspers, R. J. E. Karimov, R. Karpushov, A. N. Kazakov, Y. Komm, M. Kong, M. Kovacic, J. Krutkin, O. Kudlacek, O. and Kumar, U. Kwiatkowski, R. Labit, B. Laguardia, L. and Lammers, J. T. Laribi, E. Laszynska, E. Lazaros, A. and Linder, O. Linehan, B. Lipschultz, B. Llobet, X. Loizu, J. Lunt, T. Macusova, E. Marandet, Y. Maraschek, M. and Marceca, G. Marchetto, C. Marchioni, S. Marmar, E. S. and Martin, Y. Martinelli, L. Matos, F. Maurizio, R. and Mayoral, M-L Mazon, D. Menkovski, V Merle, A. Merlo, G. and Meyer, H. Mikszuta-Michalik, K. Cabrera, P. A. Molina and Morales, J. Moret, J-M Moro, A. Moulton, D. Muhammed, H. and Myatra, O. Mykytchuk, D. Napoli, F. Nem, R. D. and Nielsen, A. H. Nocente, M. Nowak, S. Offeddu, N. Olsen, J. Orsitto, F. P. Pan, O. Papp, G. Pau, A. Perek, A. and Pesamosca, F. Peysson, Y. Pigatto, L. Piron, C. and Poradzinski, M. Porte, L. Putterich, T. Rabinski, M. and Raj, H. Rasmussen, J. J. Ratta, G. A. Ravensbergen, T. and Ricci, D. Ricci, P. Rispoli, N. Riva, F. and Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F. Salewski, M. Sauter, O. Schmidt, B. S. Schrittweiser, R. Sharapov, S. Sheikh, U. A. Sieglin, B. Silva, M. Smolders, A. Snicker, A. Sozzi, C. and Spolaore, M. Stagni, A. Stipani, L. Sun, G. Tala, T. and Tamain, P. Tanaka, K. Biwole, A. Tema Terranova, D. and Terry, J. L. Testa, D. Theiler, C. Thornton, A. Thrysoe, A. Torreblanca, H. Tsui, C. K. Vaccaro, D. Vallar, M. and van Berkel, M. Van Eester, D. van Kampen, R. J. R. Van Mulders, S. Verhaegh, K. Verhaeghe, T. Vianello, N. and Villone, F. Viezzer, E. Vincent, B. Voitsekhovitch, I and Vu, N. M. T. Walkden, N. Wauters, T. Weisen, H. Wendler, N. Wensing, M. Widmer, F. Wiesen, S. Wischmeier, M. and Wijkamp, T. A. Wunderlich, D. Wuthrich, C. Yanovskiy, V and Zebrowski, J. EUROfusion MST1 Team

Abstract

The tokamak a configuration variable (TCV) continues to leverage its unique shaping capabilities, flexible heating systems and modern control system to address critical issues in preparation for ITER and a fusion power plant. For the 2019-20 campaign its configurational flexibility has been enhanced with the installation of removable divertor gas baffles, its diagnostic capabilities with an extensive set of upgrades and its heating systems with new dual frequency gyrotrons. The gas baffles reduce coupling between the divertor and the main chamber and allow for detailed investigations on the role of fuelling in general and, together with upgraded boundary diagnostics, test divertor and edge models in particular. The increased heating capabilities broaden the operational regime to include T (e)/T (i) similar to 1 and have stimulated refocussing studies from L-mode to H-mode across a range of research topics. ITER baseline parameters were reached in type-I ELMy H-modes and alternative regimes with `small' (or no) ELMs explored. Most prominently, negative triangularity was investigated in detail and confirmed as an attractive scenario with H-mode level core confinement but an L-mode edge. Emphasis was also placed on control, where an increased number of observers, actuators and control solutions became available and are now integrated into a generic control framework as will be needed in future devices. The quantity and quality of results of the 2019-20 TCV campaign are a testament to its successful integration within the European research effort alongside a vibrant domestic programme and international collaborations.

Published
2022

9. Validation of 2D Te and ne measurements made with Helium imaging spectroscopy in the volume of the TCV divertor

Author

Linehan, B., Perek, A., Duval, B.P., Bagnato, F., Blanchard, P., Colandrea, C., de Oliveira, H., Février, O., Flom, E., Wijkamp, T., Gorno, S., Goto, M., Marmar, S., Martinelli, L., Mathews, A., Munoz-Burgos, J.M., Mykytchuk, D., Offeddu, N., Oliveira, D.S., Reimerdes, H., Reiter, D., Schmitz, O., Terry, J.L., Theiler, C., Tsui, C.K., Vincent, B., Wuthrich, C., Zholobenko, W., team, TCV, and TCV Team

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

Multi-spectral imaging of helium atomic emission (HeMSI) has been used to create 2D poloidal maps of T e and n e in TCV’s divertor. To achieve these measurements, TCV’s MANTIS multispectral cameras (Perek et al 2019 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 90 123514) simultaneously imaged four He I lines (two singlet and two triplet) and a He II line (468 nm) from passively present He and He+. The images, which were absolutely calibrated and covered the whole divertor region, were inverted through the assumption of toroidal symmetry to create emissivity profiles and, consequently, line-ratio profiles. A collisional-radiative model (CRM) was applied to the line-ratio profiles to produce 2D poloidal maps of T e and n e . The collisional-radiative modeling was accomplished with the Goto helium CRM code (Zholobenko et al 2018 Nucl. Fusion 58 126006, Zholobenko et al 2018 Technical Report, Goto 2003 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 76 331–44) which accounts for electron-impact excitation (EIE) and deexcitation, and electron–ion recombination (EIR) with He + . The HeMSI T e and n e measurements were compared with co-local Thomson scattering measurements. The two sets of measurements exhibited good agreement for ionizing plasmas: ( 5 eV ⩽ T e ⩽ 60 eV , and 2 × 10 18 m − 3 ⩽ n e ⩽ 3 × 10 19 m − 3 ) in the case of majority helium plasmas, and ( 10 eV ⩽ T e ⩽ 40 eV , 2 × 10 18 m − 3 ⩽ n e ⩽ 3 × 10 19 m − 3 ) in the case of majority deuterium plasmas. However, there were instances where HeMSI measurements diverged from Thomson scattering. When T e ⩽ 10 eV in majority deuterium plasmas, HeMSI deduced inaccurately high values of T e . This disagreement cannot be rectified within the CRM’s EIE and EIR framework. Second, on sporadic occasions within the private flux region, HeMSI produced erroneously high measurements of n e . Multi-spectral imaging of Helium emission has been demonstrated to produce accurate 2D poloidal maps of T e and n e within the divertor of a tokamak for plasma conditions relevant to contemporary divertor studies.

Published
2023
Full Text
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10. Overview of the TCV tokamak experimental programme

Author

Reimerdes, H., primary, Agostini, M., additional, Alessi, E., additional, Alberti, S., additional, Andrebe, Y., additional, Arnichand, H., additional, Balbin, J., additional, Bagnato, F., additional, Baquero-Ruiz, M., additional, Bernert, M., additional, Bin, W., additional, Blanchard, P., additional, Blanken, T.C., additional, Boedo, J.A., additional, Brida, D., additional, Brunner, S., additional, Bogar, C., additional, Bogar, O., additional, Bolzonella, T., additional, Bombarda, F., additional, Bouquey, F., additional, Bowman, C., additional, Brunetti, D., additional, Buermans, J., additional, Bufferand, H., additional, Calacci, L., additional, Camenen, Y., additional, Carli, S., additional, Carnevale, D., additional, Carpanese, F., additional, Causa, F., additional, Cavalier, J., additional, Cavedon, M., additional, Cazabonne, J.A., additional, Cerovsky, J., additional, Chandra, R., additional, Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, A., additional, Chellaï, O., additional, Chmielewski, P., additional, Choi, D., additional, Ciraolo, G., additional, Classen, I.G.J., additional, Coda, S., additional, Colandrea, C., additional, Dal Molin, A., additional, David, P., additional, de Baar, M.R., additional, Decker, J., additional, Dekeyser, W., additional, de Oliveira, H., additional, Douai, D., additional, Dreval, M., additional, Dunne, M.G., additional, Duval, B.P., additional, Elmore, S., additional, Embreus, O., additional, Eriksson, F., additional, Faitsch, M., additional, Falchetto, G., additional, Farnik, M., additional, Fasoli, A., additional, Fedorczak, N., additional, Felici, F., additional, Février, O., additional, Ficker, O., additional, Fil, A., additional, Fontana, M., additional, Fransson, E., additional, Frassinetti, L., additional, Furno, I., additional, Gahle, D.S., additional, Galassi, D., additional, Galazka, K., additional, Galperti, C., additional, Garavaglia, S., additional, Garcia-Munoz, M., additional, Geiger, B., additional, Giacomin, M., additional, Giruzzi, G., additional, Gobbin, M., additional, Golfinopoulos, T., additional, Goodman, T., additional, Gorno, S., additional, Granucci, G., additional, Graves, J.P., additional, Griener, M., additional, Gruca, M., additional, Gyergyek, T., additional, Haelterman, R., additional, Hakola, A., additional, Han, W., additional, Happel, T., additional, Harrer, G., additional, Harrison, J.R., additional, Henderson, S., additional, Hogeweij, G.M.D., additional, Hogge, J.-P., additional, Hoppe, M., additional, Horacek, J., additional, Huang, Z., additional, Iantchenko, A., additional, Innocente, P., additional, Insulander Björk, K., additional, Ionita-Schrittweiser, C., additional, Isliker, H., additional, Jardin, A., additional, Jaspers, R.J.E., additional, Karimov, R., additional, Karpushov, A.N., additional, Kazakov, Y., additional, Komm, M., additional, Kong, M., additional, Kovacic, J., additional, Krutkin, O., additional, Kudlacek, O., additional, Kumar, U., additional, Kwiatkowski, R., additional, Labit, B., additional, Laguardia, L., additional, Lammers, J.T., additional, Laribi, E., additional, Laszynska, E., additional, Lazaros, A., additional, Linder, O., additional, Linehan, B., additional, Lipschultz, B., additional, Llobet, X., additional, Loizu, J., additional, Lunt, T., additional, Macusova, E., additional, Marandet, Y., additional, Maraschek, M., additional, Marceca, G., additional, Marchetto, C., additional, Marchioni, S., additional, Marmar, E.S., additional, Martin, Y., additional, Martinelli, L., additional, Matos, F., additional, Maurizio, R., additional, Mayoral, M.-L., additional, Mazon, D., additional, Menkovski, V., additional, Merle, A., additional, Merlo, G., additional, Meyer, H., additional, Mikszuta-Michalik, K., additional, Molina Cabrera, P.A., additional, Morales, J., additional, Moret, J.-M., additional, Moro, A., additional, Moulton, D., additional, Muhammed, H., additional, Myatra, O., additional, Mykytchuk, D., additional, Napoli, F., additional, Nem, R.D., additional, Nielsen, A.H., additional, Nocente, M., additional, Nowak, S., additional, Offeddu, N., additional, Olsen, J., additional, Orsitto, F.P., additional, Pan, O., additional, Papp, G., additional, Pau, A., additional, Perek, A., additional, Pesamosca, F., additional, Peysson, Y., additional, Pigatto, L., additional, Piron, C., additional, Poradzinski, M., additional, Porte, L., additional, Pütterich, T., additional, Rabinski, M., additional, Raj, H., additional, Rasmussen, J.J., additional, Rattá, G.A., additional, Ravensbergen, T., additional, Ricci, D., additional, Ricci, P., additional, Rispoli, N., additional, Riva, F., additional, Rivero-Rodriguez, J.F., additional, Salewski, M., additional, Sauter, O., additional, Schmidt, B.S., additional, Schrittweiser, R., additional, Sharapov, S., additional, Sheikh, U.A., additional, Sieglin, B., additional, Silva, M., additional, Smolders, A., additional, Snicker, A., additional, Sozzi, C., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Stagni, A., additional, Stipani, L., additional, Sun, G., additional, Tala, T., additional, Tamain, P., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Tema Biwole, A., additional, Terranova, D., additional, Terry, J.L., additional, Testa, D., additional, Theiler, C., additional, Thornton, A., additional, Thrysøe, A., additional, Torreblanca, H., additional, Tsui, C.K., additional, Vaccaro, D., additional, Vallar, M., additional, van Berkel, M., additional, Van Eester, D., additional, van Kampen, R.J.R., additional, Van Mulders, S., additional, Verhaegh, K., additional, Verhaeghe, T., additional, Vianello, N., additional, Villone, F., additional, Viezzer, E., additional, Vincent, B., additional, Voitsekhovitch, I., additional, Vu, N.M.T., additional, Walkden, N., additional, Wauters, T., additional, Weisen, H., additional, Wendler, N., additional, Wensing, M., additional, Widmer, F., additional, Wiesen, S., additional, Wischmeier, M., additional, Wijkamp, T.A., additional, Wünderlich, D., additional, Wüthrich, C., additional, Yanovskiy, V., additional, Zebrowski, J., additional, and EUROfusion MST1 Team, the, additional

Published
2022
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11. Validation of 2D T e and n e measurements made with Helium imaging spectroscopy in the volume of the TCV divertor

Author

Linehan, B. L., Perek, A., Duval, B. P., Bagnato, F., Blanchard, P., Colandrea, C., De Oliveira, H., Fevrier, O., Flom, E., Gorno, S., Goto, M., Marmar, E., Martinelli, L., Mathews, A., Munoz-Burgos, J., Mykytchuk, D., Offeddu, N., Oliveira, D. S., Reimerdes, H., Reiter, D., Schmitz, O., Terry, J. L., Theiler, C., Tsui, C. K., Vincent, B., Wijkamp, T., Wuethrich, C., and Zholobenko, W.

Subjects
helium collisional radiative modeling, density, scrape-off layer, tokamak divertor, edge, multi-spectral imaging, plasma boundary physics, plasmas, populations, recombination, tokamak diagnostics, neutral helium, electron-temperature, collisional-radiative model, divertor, tcv, implementation
Abstract

Multi-spectral imaging of helium atomic emission (HeMSI) has been used to create 2D poloidal maps of T-e and ne in TCV's divertor. To achieve these measurements, TCV's MANTIS multispectral cameras (Perek et al 2019 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 90 123514) simultaneously imaged four He I lines (two singlet and two triplet) and a He II line (468 nm) from passively present He and He+. The images, which were absolutely calibrated and covered the whole divertor region, were inverted through the assumption of toroidal symmetry to create emissivity profiles and, consequently, line-ratio profiles. A collisional-radiative model (CRM) was applied to the line-ratio profiles to produce 2D poloidal maps of Te and ne. The collisional-radiative modeling was accomplished with the Goto helium CRM code (Zholobenko et al 2018 Nucl. Fusion 58 126006, Zholobenko et al 2018 Technical Report, Goto 2003 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 76 331-44) which accounts for electron-impact excitation (EIE) and deexcitation, and electron-ion recombination (EIR) with He+. The HeMSI T-e and ne measurements were compared with co-local Thomson scattering measurements. The two sets of measurements exhibited good agreement for ionizing plasmas: (5 eV 5 T-e 5 60 eV, and 2 x 10(18)m(-3) 5 ne 5 3 x 1019m(-3)) in the case of majority helium plasmas, and (10 eV 5 T-e 5 40 eV, 2 x 1018m-3 5 ne 5 3 x 10(19)m(-3)) in the case of majority deuterium plasmas. However, there were instances where HeMSI measurements diverged from Thomson scattering. When T-e 5 10 eV in majority deuterium plasmas, HeMSI deduced inaccurately high values of T-e. This disagreement cannot be rectified within the CRM's EIE and EIR framework. Second, on sporadic occasions within the private flux region, HeMSI produced erroneously high measurements of ne. Multi-spectral imaging of Helium emission has been demonstrated to produce accurate 2D poloidal maps of Te and ne within the divertor of a tokamak for plasma conditions relevant to contemporary divertor studies.

12. Overview of the TCV tokamak experimental programme

Author

H. Reimerdes, M. Agostini, E. Alessi, S. Alberti, Y. Andrebe, H. Arnichand, J. Balbin, F. Bagnato, M. Baquero-Ruiz, M. Bernert, W. Bin, P. Blanchard, T.C. Blanken, J.A. Boedo, D. Brida, S. Brunner, C. Bogar, O. Bogar, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, F. Bouquey, C. Bowman, D. Brunetti, J. Buermans, H. Bufferand, L. Calacci, Y. Camenen, S. Carli, D. Carnevale, F. Carpanese, F. Causa, J. Cavalier, M. Cavedon, J.A. Cazabonne, J. Cerovsky, R. Chandra, A. Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, O. Chellaï, P. Chmielewski, D. Choi, G. Ciraolo, I.G.J. Classen, S. Coda, C. Colandrea, A. Dal Molin, P. David, M.R. de Baar, J. Decker, W. Dekeyser, H. de Oliveira, D. Douai, M. Dreval, M.G. Dunne, B.P. Duval, S. Elmore, O. Embreus, F. Eriksson, M. Faitsch, G. Falchetto, M. Farnik, A. Fasoli, N. Fedorczak, F. Felici, O. Février, O. Ficker, A. Fil, M. Fontana, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, I. Furno, D.S. Gahle, D. Galassi, K. Galazka, C. Galperti, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia-Munoz, B. Geiger, M. Giacomin, G. Giruzzi, M. Gobbin, T. Golfinopoulos, T. Goodman, S. Gorno, G. Granucci, J.P. Graves, M. Griener, M. Gruca, T. Gyergyek, R. Haelterman, A. Hakola, W. Han, T. Happel, G. Harrer, J.R. Harrison, S. Henderson, G.M.D. Hogeweij, J.-P. Hogge, M. Hoppe, J. Horacek, Z. Huang, A. Iantchenko, P. Innocente, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittweiser, H. Isliker, A. Jardin, R.J.E. Jaspers, R. Karimov, A.N. Karpushov, Y. Kazakov, M. Komm, M. Kong, J. Kovacic, O. Krutkin, O. Kudlacek, U. Kumar, R. Kwiatkowski, B. Labit, L. Laguardia, J.T. Lammers, E. Laribi, E. Laszynska, A. Lazaros, O. Linder, B. Linehan, B. Lipschultz, X. Llobet, J. Loizu, T. Lunt, E. Macusova, Y. Marandet, M. Maraschek, G. Marceca, C. Marchetto, S. Marchioni, E.S. Marmar, Y. Martin, L. Martinelli, F. Matos, R. Maurizio, M.-L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, V. Menkovski, A. Merle, G. Merlo, H. Meyer, K. Mikszuta-Michalik, P.A. Molina Cabrera, J. Morales, J.-M. Moret, A. Moro, D. Moulton, H. Muhammed, O. Myatra, D. Mykytchuk, F. Napoli, R.D. Nem, A.H. Nielsen, M. Nocente, S. Nowak, N. Offeddu, J. Olsen, F.P. Orsitto, O. Pan, G. Papp, A. Pau, A. Perek, F. Pesamosca, Y. Peysson, L. Pigatto, C. Piron, M. Poradzinski, L. Porte, T. Pütterich, M. Rabinski, H. Raj, J.J. Rasmussen, G.A. Rattá, T. Ravensbergen, D. Ricci, P. Ricci, N. Rispoli, F. Riva, J.F. Rivero-Rodriguez, M. Salewski, O. Sauter, B.S. Schmidt, R. Schrittweiser, S. Sharapov, U.A. Sheikh, B. Sieglin, M. Silva, A. Smolders, A. Snicker, C. Sozzi, M. Spolaore, A. Stagni, L. Stipani, G. Sun, T. Tala, P. Tamain, K. Tanaka, A. Tema Biwole, D. Terranova, J.L. Terry, D. Testa, C. Theiler, A. Thornton, A. Thrysøe, H. Torreblanca, C.K. Tsui, D. Vaccaro, M. Vallar, M. van Berkel, D. Van Eester, R.J.R. van Kampen, S. Van Mulders, K. Verhaegh, T. Verhaeghe, N. Vianello, F. Villone, E. Viezzer, B. Vincent, I. Voitsekhovitch, N.M.T. Vu, N. Walkden, T. Wauters, H. Weisen, N. Wendler, M. Wensing, F. Widmer, S. Wiesen, M. Wischmeier, T.A. Wijkamp, D. Wünderlich, C. Wüthrich, V. Yanovskiy, J. Zebrowski, the EUROfusion MST1 Team, EUROfusion MST1 Team, Control Systems Technology, Liquid metal heat shields, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Group Heemels, Mechanical Engineering, Data Mining, EAISI Health, ICMS Affiliated, EAISI High Tech Systems, Applied Physics and Science Education, Reimerdes, H, Agostini, M, Alessi, E, Alberti, S, Andrebe, Y, Arnichand, H, Balbin, J, Bagnato, F, Baquero-Ruiz, M, Bernert, M, Bin, W, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Boedo, J, Brida, D, Brunner, S, Bogar, C, Bogar, O, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Bouquey, F, Bowman, C, Brunetti, D, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Calacci, L, Camenen, Y, Carli, S, Carnevale, D, Carpanese, F, Causa, F, Cavalier, J, Cavedon, M, Cazabonne, J, Cerovsky, J, Chandra, R, Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, A, Chellai, O, Chmielewski, P, Choi, D, Ciraolo, G, Classen, I, Coda, S, Colandrea, C, Dal Molin, A, David, P, De Baar, M, Decker, J, Dekeyser, W, De Oliveira, H, Douai, D, Dreval, M, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Elmore, S, Embreus, O, Eriksson, F, Faitsch, M, Falchetto, G, Farnik, M, Fasoli, A, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Fil, A, Fontana, M, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Furno, I, Gahle, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galperti, C, Garavaglia, S, Garcia-Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giacomin, M, Giruzzi, G, Gobbin, M, Golfinopoulos, T, Goodman, T, Gorno, S, Granucci, G, Graves, J, Griener, M, Gruca, M, Gyergyek, T, Haelterman, R, Hakola, A, Han, W, Happel, T, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Henderson, S, Hogeweij, G, Hogge, J, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Huang, Z, Iantchenko, A, Innocente, P, Insulander Bjork, K, Ionita-Schrittweiser, C, Isliker, H, Jardin, A, Jaspers, R, Karimov, R, Karpushov, A, Kazakov, Y, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kovacic, J, Krutkin, O, Kudlacek, O, Kumar, U, Kwiatkowski, R, Labit, B, Laguardia, L, Lammers, J, Laribi, E, Laszynska, E, Lazaros, A, Linder, O, Linehan, B, Lipschultz, B, Llobet, X, Loizu, J, Lunt, T, Macusova, E, Marandet, Y, Maraschek, M, Marceca, G, Marchetto, C, Marchioni, S, Marmar, E, Martin, Y, Martinelli, L, Matos, F, Maurizio, R, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Menkovski, V, Merle, A, Merlo, G, Meyer, H, Mikszuta-Michalik, K, Molina Cabrera, P, Morales, J, Moret, J, Moro, A, Moulton, D, Muhammed, H, Myatra, O, Mykytchuk, D, Napoli, F, Nem, R, Nielsen, A, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Offeddu, N, Olsen, J, Orsitto, F, Pan, O, Papp, G, Pau, A, Perek, A, Pesamosca, F, Peysson, Y, Pigatto, L, Piron, C, Poradzinski, M, Porte, L, Putterich, T, Rabinski, M, Raj, H, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ravensbergen, T, Ricci, D, Ricci, P, Rispoli, N, Riva, F, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Salewski, M, Sauter, O, Schmidt, B, Schrittweiser, R, Sharapov, S, Sheikh, U, Sieglin, B, Silva, M, Smolders, A, Snicker, A, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stagni, A, Stipani, L, Sun, G, Tala, T, Tamain, P, Tanaka, K, Tema Biwole, A, Terranova, D, Terry, J, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thornton, A, Thrysoe, A, Torreblanca, H, Tsui, C, Vaccaro, D, Vallar, M, Van Berkel, M, Van Eester, D, Van Kampen, R, Van Mulders, S, Verhaegh, K, Verhaeghe, T, Vianello, N, Villone, F, Viezzer, E, Vincent, B, Voitsekhovitch, I, Vu, N, Walkden, N, Wauters, T, Weisen, H, Wendler, N, Wensing, M, Widmer, F, Wiesen, S, Wischmeier, M, Wijkamp, T, Wunderlich, D, Wuthrich, C, Yanovskiy, V, and Zebrowski, J

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, feedback-control, Nuclear fusion, TCV, EUROfusion, ddc:620, plasmas, Condensed Matter Physics, tokamak, nuclear fusion, QC
Abstract

The tokamak à configuration variable (TCV) continues to leverage its unique shaping capabilities, flexible heating systems and modern control system to address critical issues in preparation for ITER and a fusion power plant. For the 2019–20 campaign its configurational flexibility has been enhanced with the installation of removable divertor gas baffles, its diagnostic capabilities with an extensive set of upgrades and its heating systems with new dual frequency gyrotrons. The gas baffles reduce coupling between the divertor and the main chamber and allow for detailed investigations on the role of fuelling in general and, together with upgraded boundary diagnostics, test divertor and edge models in particular. The increased heating capabilities broaden the operational regime to include T e/T i ∼ 1 and have stimulated refocussing studies from L-mode to H-mode across a range of research topics. ITER baseline parameters were reached in type-I ELMy H-modes and alternative regimes with ‘small’ (or no) ELMs explored. Most prominently, negative triangularity was investigated in detail and confirmed as an attractive scenario with H-mode level core confinement but an L-mode edge. Emphasis was also placed on control, where an increased number of observers, actuators and control solutions became available and are now integrated into a generic control framework as will be needed in future devices. The quantity and quality of results of the 2019–20 TCV campaign are a testament to its successful integration within the European research effort alongside a vibrant domestic programme and international collaborations.

Published
2022
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